reformistn.adj.

Brit.

/rᵻˈfɔːmɪst/, U.S.

/rəˈfɔrməst/,

/riˈfɔrməst/

Forms: see reform v.¹ and -ist suffix.

Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: reform v.¹, -ist suffix.

Etymology: < reform v.¹ + -ist suffix. In sense A. 2 after French réformé, noun (1611 in Cotgrave in both the general and the specific sense) or its model Italian riformato (noun) friar belonging to a reformed branch of the Franciscan Observant order (16th cent.). Compare earlier reformator n., reformer n.¹ With use as adjective compare reformative adj.¹, reformatory adj., reforming adj.

A. n.

a. A person advocating religious or ecclesiastical reform; esp. (frequently with capital initial) = reformer n.¹ 3a. Now rare (chiefly historical).Common in 17th cent.

ΘΚΠ

society > faith > sect > Christianity > Protestantism > Reformation > [noun] > person

reformator?a1439

reformitor1537

reformer1561

reformatist1593

reformist1593

1593 G. Harvey Pierces Supererogation Addit. sig. Ff^v The forward Zeale of dowtie Martin Seniour,..and some other bragge Reformistes.

1608 H. Clapham Errour Left Hand 36 He differs much from the most of our Reformistes heere at home.

1693 J. Edwards Disc. conc. Old & New-Test. I. ix. 310 Among the Reformists you will see this more plainly attested.

1719 J. Gordon Popery against Christianity Introd. 36 Let him read the Works of Ignatius, Bellarmine, Toledo, and Pallavicino, whose pretended Apologies are more severe Invectives against the Practices and Morals of the Romish Church, than all that has been said by the Reformists.

1791 F. Burney Let. 3 Aug. in Jrnls. & Lett. (1972) I. 20 The Winton Inhabitants..ran up a slight wall before it [sc. the altar], & deceived the Reformists.

1826 W. E. Andrews Crit. & Hist. Rev. Fox's Bk. Martyrs II. 312 Their judges were cold and calculating reformists.

1850 Elder's House 97 So you see that all the Reformists have not given up the doctrine of confession.

1923 Jrnl. Relig. 3 624 Those of the Reformists who did not join the Czechoslovak Church, but remained within the Roman communion, continued their efforts to effect the reform program.

2007 M. H. Patterson Domesticating Reformation 355 The ancient evangelical teaching, put forth with renewed coherence by most Protestant reformists.

b. An advocate or supporter of political or social reform; (in later use) spec. (esp. in communist theory) one who advocates gradual reform rather than abolition or revolution Cf. reformism n.

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > rule or government > politics > British politics > [noun] > specific principles or policies > supporters of

reformist1641

reformer1648

engager1650

All the Virtues1816

Manchester school1846

fair trader1881

Manchestrist1882

Little Englander1889

Manchesterian1897

tariff-reformer1903

Little Englander Liberal1909

Poplarist1925

marketeer1962

Eurosceptic1978

the world > action or operation > amending > [noun] > reform > one who > one who favours reform

reformado1787

reformationist1824

new-birthitea1834

new eraist1872

reformist1906

renewalist1966

1641 News from Hell, etc. in Harl. Misc. (Malh.) IV. 393 The subtle practices of some parliamentary reformists.

1776 J. Bentham Fragm. on Govt. 507 Not even by any of the most determined anti-reformists of the present day, with or without the mask of reformist on his countenance, would the reform, if such it may be called, be termed either intemperate or immoderate.

1792 W. Windham Speeches Parl. (1812) I. App. C. 155 Yet these [sc. the Jacobins] are the men whom our Reformists are known to correspond with.

1817 J. Bentham Parl. Reform Catech. (1818) 104 By a radical reformist, the Householder plan could not be refused to any Electoral District.

1830 Countess Granville Lett. (1894) II. 62 I have been to see the Staffords, violent reformists.

1893 Columbus (Ohio) Dispatch 10 July The general policy of the party has been enough to break the strength of the so-called Reformists.

1906 M. Minturn tr. M. Jaurès Stud. in Socialism p. vi The situation reached its climax in 1899 with the entrance of the Reformist Millerand into the Waldeck–Rousseau coalition cabinet.

1913 V. G. Simkhovitch Marxism versus Socialism 292 Whether they call themselves revisionists, reformists, laborites or plain socialists..the overwhelming majority of the socialists of today are tending to be reformers.

1941 A. Koestler Scum of Earth xi. 113 The sectarian hatred between Stalinists, Trotskyists, and Reformists still existed.

1981 Economist 12 Dec. 13/1 Tina—there is no alternative—is the message that China's bustling reformist of a prime minister.

2007 N.Y. Times Mag. 28 Jan. 51/2 To the Haqqani scholars, it seemed that the reformists were challenging the doctrine of velayat-i-faqih, which is based on the sovereign power of the chief jurist.

†2. A member of a reformed religious order; spec. a friar belonging to a reformed branch of the Franciscan Observant order, founded in Italy in 1531. Obsolete.

ΚΠ

1611 R. Cotgrave Dict. French & Eng. Tongues Reformez, reformists, an Order of Franciscan Fryers.

1706 Phillips's New World of Words (new ed.) Reformists, Monks, whose Discipline, or Rules have been reformed.

1777 tr. in Interesting Lett. Pope Clement XIV 427 He caused bread to be distributed among the poor... He did the same every week to the Capuchin Friars of Albano and the Reformists.

B. adj.

1. Advocating, supporting, or sympathetic towards the Reformation; Protestant. In later use also more generally: advocating, supporting, or characterized by religious reform.In quot. 1853: spec. designating the non-Lutheran Reformed Churches (cf. note at reformed adj.¹ 2b).

ΚΠ

1590 J. Greenwood in H. Barrow & J. Greenwood Coll. Certain Lett. & Conf. Pref. sig. A ij Considering the reformist Preachers are now become the BB's. trustie actors.

1765 H. Southwell New Bk. of Martyrs v. 404/1 A great disturbance happened at Perth:..a famous reformist minister having preached to a numerous congregation, after sermon was over,..a priest was so imprudent as to open a case, in which was curiously engraved the figures of many saints.

1853 Times 30 Sept. 8/2 Dr. Krummacher..advocated the adoption of the Augsburg Confession, from which the Reformist Church differs only on one point, as a glorious national charter of Protestant faith.

1882 Macmillan's Mag. 45 449 Mrs. Ashley..was put into the Tower, apparently on suspicion of Reformist sympathies.

1951 Cambr. Hist. Jrnl. 10 164 This is the famous parliament which passed the act of six articles and thereby signalled the end of reformist leanings in the Henrician church.

1985 K. L. Brown in E. Gellner Islamic Dilemmas 156 Its perceptions and utilizations of reformist Islam were more than opportunism.

2005 G. W. Bernard King's Reformation (2007) 605 Conservatives..offered embarrassed support for the royal supremacy but tried to restrain the excesses of reformist preachers.

2. Advocating or supporting political or social reform; of or relating to the activities of political or social reformers; spec. (esp. in communist theory) advocating gradual reform rather than abolition or revolution.

ΚΠ

1811 Edinb. Rev. May 210 But one of the reformist speakers has stated in the House, that the great differences between the circumstances of the ancient and present times do not admit of reverting to original principles.

1819 Times 18 Aug. 2/2 The reformist meeting held at Manchester on Monday.

a1849 E. A. Poe Marginalia in Wks. (1864) III. 523 The modern reformist Philosophy..and the late reformist Legislation.

1904 R. C. K. Ensor Mod. Socialism 164 We are revolutionaries, because..we are not at all sure, Citizen Millerand, of attaining our desired solution by the reformist method.

1927 H. J. Laski Communism i. 39 The growth of capitalism..seemed to suggest that the day of its end was far distant. Everywhere there grew up reformist socialism.

1950 E. H. Carr Bolshevik Revol. I. i. 12 It was necessary to postpone to an indefinite future the revolutionary socialist struggle of the proletariat and to concentrate meanwhile on a reformist democratic programme in alliance with the bourgeoisie.

1996 W. Hutton State we're In (rev. ed.) ii. 47 Labour was a reformist party aiming to socialise British capitalism and to alleviate the condition of the working class rather than build a socialist Britain.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2009; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	reformist
释义	reformistn.adj. Brit. /rᵻˈfɔːmɪst/, U.S. /rəˈfɔrməst/, /riˈfɔrməst/ Forms: see reform v.¹ and -ist suffix. Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: reform v.¹, -ist suffix. Etymology: < reform v.¹ + -ist suffix. In sense A. 2 after French réformé, noun (1611 in Cotgrave in both the general and the specific sense) or its model Italian riformato (noun) friar belonging to a reformed branch of the Franciscan Observant order (16th cent.). Compare earlier reformator n., reformer n.¹ With use as adjective compare reformative adj.¹, reformatory adj., reforming adj. A. n. 1. a. A person advocating religious or ecclesiastical reform; esp. (frequently with capital initial) = reformer n.¹ 3a. Now rare (chiefly historical).Common in 17th cent. ΘΚΠ society > faith > sect > Christianity > Protestantism > Reformation > [noun] > person reformator?a1439 reformitor1537 reformer1561 reformatist1593 reformist1593 1593 G. Harvey Pierces Supererogation Addit. sig. Ff^v The forward Zeale of dowtie Martin Seniour,..and some other bragge Reformistes. 1608 H. Clapham Errour Left Hand 36 He differs much from the most of our Reformistes heere at home. 1693 J. Edwards Disc. conc. Old & New-Test. I. ix. 310 Among the Reformists you will see this more plainly attested. 1719 J. Gordon Popery against Christianity Introd. 36 Let him read the Works of Ignatius, Bellarmine, Toledo, and Pallavicino, whose pretended Apologies are more severe Invectives against the Practices and Morals of the Romish Church, than all that has been said by the Reformists. 1791 F. Burney Let. 3 Aug. in Jrnls. & Lett. (1972) I. 20 The Winton Inhabitants..ran up a slight wall before it [sc. the altar], & deceived the Reformists. 1826 W. E. Andrews Crit. & Hist. Rev. Fox's Bk. Martyrs II. 312 Their judges were cold and calculating reformists. 1850 Elder's House 97 So you see that all the Reformists have not given up the doctrine of confession. 1923 Jrnl. Relig. 3 624 Those of the Reformists who did not join the Czechoslovak Church, but remained within the Roman communion, continued their efforts to effect the reform program. 2007 M. H. Patterson Domesticating Reformation 355 The ancient evangelical teaching, put forth with renewed coherence by most Protestant reformists. b. An advocate or supporter of political or social reform; (in later use) spec. (esp. in communist theory) one who advocates gradual reform rather than abolition or revolution Cf. reformism n. ΘΚΠ society > authority > rule or government > politics > British politics > [noun] > specific principles or policies > supporters of reformist1641 reformer1648 engager1650 All the Virtues1816 Manchester school1846 fair trader1881 Manchestrist1882 Little Englander1889 Manchesterian1897 tariff-reformer1903 Little Englander Liberal1909 Poplarist1925 marketeer1962 Eurosceptic1978 the world > action or operation > amending > [noun] > reform > one who > one who favours reform reformado1787 reformationist1824 new-birthitea1834 new eraist1872 reformist1906 renewalist1966 1641 News from Hell, etc. in Harl. Misc. (Malh.) IV. 393 The subtle practices of some parliamentary reformists. 1776 J. Bentham Fragm. on Govt. 507 Not even by any of the most determined anti-reformists of the present day, with or without the mask of reformist on his countenance, would the reform, if such it may be called, be termed either intemperate or immoderate. 1792 W. Windham Speeches Parl. (1812) I. App. C. 155 Yet these [sc. the Jacobins] are the men whom our Reformists are known to correspond with. 1817 J. Bentham Parl. Reform Catech. (1818) 104 By a radical reformist, the Householder plan could not be refused to any Electoral District. 1830 Countess Granville Lett. (1894) II. 62 I have been to see the Staffords, violent reformists. 1893 Columbus (Ohio) Dispatch 10 July The general policy of the party has been enough to break the strength of the so-called Reformists. 1906 M. Minturn tr. M. Jaurès Stud. in Socialism p. vi The situation reached its climax in 1899 with the entrance of the Reformist Millerand into the Waldeck–Rousseau coalition cabinet. 1913 V. G. Simkhovitch Marxism versus Socialism 292 Whether they call themselves revisionists, reformists, laborites or plain socialists..the overwhelming majority of the socialists of today are tending to be reformers. 1941 A. Koestler Scum of Earth xi. 113 The sectarian hatred between Stalinists, Trotskyists, and Reformists still existed. 1981 Economist 12 Dec. 13/1 Tina—there is no alternative—is the message that China's bustling reformist of a prime minister. 2007 N.Y. Times Mag. 28 Jan. 51/2 To the Haqqani scholars, it seemed that the reformists were challenging the doctrine of velayat-i-faqih, which is based on the sovereign power of the chief jurist. †2. A member of a reformed religious order; spec. a friar belonging to a reformed branch of the Franciscan Observant order, founded in Italy in 1531. Obsolete. ΚΠ 1611 R. Cotgrave Dict. French & Eng. Tongues Reformez, reformists, an Order of Franciscan Fryers. 1706 Phillips's New World of Words (new ed.) Reformists, Monks, whose Discipline, or Rules have been reformed. 1777 tr. in Interesting Lett. Pope Clement XIV 427 He caused bread to be distributed among the poor... He did the same every week to the Capuchin Friars of Albano and the Reformists. B. adj. 1. Advocating, supporting, or sympathetic towards the Reformation; Protestant. In later use also more generally: advocating, supporting, or characterized by religious reform.In quot. 1853: spec. designating the non-Lutheran Reformed Churches (cf. note at reformed adj.¹ 2b). ΚΠ 1590 J. Greenwood in H. Barrow & J. Greenwood Coll. Certain Lett. & Conf. Pref. sig. A ij Considering the reformist Preachers are now become the BB's. trustie actors. 1765 H. Southwell New Bk. of Martyrs v. 404/1 A great disturbance happened at Perth:..a famous reformist minister having preached to a numerous congregation, after sermon was over,..a priest was so imprudent as to open a case, in which was curiously engraved the figures of many saints. 1853 Times 30 Sept. 8/2 Dr. Krummacher..advocated the adoption of the Augsburg Confession, from which the Reformist Church differs only on one point, as a glorious national charter of Protestant faith. 1882 Macmillan's Mag. 45 449 Mrs. Ashley..was put into the Tower, apparently on suspicion of Reformist sympathies. 1951 Cambr. Hist. Jrnl. 10 164 This is the famous parliament which passed the act of six articles and thereby signalled the end of reformist leanings in the Henrician church. 1985 K. L. Brown in E. Gellner Islamic Dilemmas 156 Its perceptions and utilizations of reformist Islam were more than opportunism. 2005 G. W. Bernard King's Reformation (2007) 605 Conservatives..offered embarrassed support for the royal supremacy but tried to restrain the excesses of reformist preachers. 2. Advocating or supporting political or social reform; of or relating to the activities of political or social reformers; spec. (esp. in communist theory) advocating gradual reform rather than abolition or revolution. ΚΠ 1811 Edinb. Rev. May 210 But one of the reformist speakers has stated in the House, that the great differences between the circumstances of the ancient and present times do not admit of reverting to original principles. 1819 Times 18 Aug. 2/2 The reformist meeting held at Manchester on Monday. a1849 E. A. Poe Marginalia in Wks. (1864) III. 523 The modern reformist Philosophy..and the late reformist Legislation. 1904 R. C. K. Ensor Mod. Socialism 164 We are revolutionaries, because..we are not at all sure, Citizen Millerand, of attaining our desired solution by the reformist method. 1927 H. J. Laski Communism i. 39 The growth of capitalism..seemed to suggest that the day of its end was far distant. Everywhere there grew up reformist socialism. 1950 E. H. Carr Bolshevik Revol. I. i. 12 It was necessary to postpone to an indefinite future the revolutionary socialist struggle of the proletariat and to concentrate meanwhile on a reformist democratic programme in alliance with the bourgeoisie. 1996 W. Hutton State we're In (rev. ed.) ii. 47 Labour was a reformist party aiming to socialise British capitalism and to alleviate the condition of the working class rather than build a socialist Britain. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2009; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.adj.1590
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