reinsn.

Brit.

/reɪnz/, U.S.

/reɪnz/

Forms:

α. (In plural form) Middle English raynys, Middle English reenes, Middle English reenus, Middle English reiners (transmission error), Middle English renis, Middle English renys, Middle English reynez, Middle English reynyez, Middle English reynys, Middle English 1600s reyns, Middle English–1600s raynes, Middle English–1600s reynes, Middle English– reins, late Middle English rynes, 1500s rains, 1500s rayns, 1500s reines, 1500s–1600s raines; also Scottish pre-1700 raynes, pre-1700 reanes, pre-1700 renes, pre-1700 renis, pre-1700 reynes, pre-1700 reynis, pre-1700 rheens.

β. (In singular form) Middle English reine, Middle English 1600s reyn, Middle English–1500s reyne, 1500s rien (Scottish), 1600s– rein.

Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from French. Partly a borrowing from Latin. Etymons: French reins; Latin rēnēs.

Etymology: < Anglo-Norman reines, rens, Anglo-Norman and Middle French rains, reins (French reins ) (plural) seat of the feelings or affections (first half of the 12th cent. in Anglo-Norman; frequently in translations of Biblical texts), loins (second half of the 12th cent. in Anglo-Norman), kidneys (1328) and its etymon classical Latin rēnēs (plural) kidneys, in post-classical Latin also loins (3rd cent.), seat of the feelings or affections (Vulgate: see note), of unknown origin. Compare Spanish †renes , plural noun (c1200; in later use superseded by riñón rognon n.), Portuguese rim kidney (plural rins; 13th cent. as †rẽes, plural noun), Italian rene (masculine) kidney (14th cent.), reni (feminine plural) back (a1321), loins (a1324).In Biblical passages in senses 2a and 2b ultimately translating various biblical Hebrew plural nouns, e.g. kĕlāyōṯ (plural noun) kidneys, seat of the feelings or affections, moṯnāyīm (plural noun) loins, middle of the body; compare Hellenistic Greek νεϕροί (Septuagint, e.g. in Psalm 16:7; plural of νεϕρός : see nephro- comb. form), ὀσϕύας (Septuagint, e.g. in Job 12:18, and New Testament; plural of ὀσϕύς loin: see osphyo- comb. form). In sense 3 after French reins curved walls and material filling the space behind these which form and sustain an arch in a vault (1557; earlier in the phrase faux rains (1491), lit. ‘false kidneys’, with reference to the shape of the walls). With rein-guard at Compounds compare French garde-reins , in same sense (1901 or earlier). In classical Latin the singular form is rare: it occurs in Plautus (3rd–2nd cent. b.c.) as riēn (compare also the plural form riēnēs ; the form riēn is after liēn lien n.²). The singular form ren is more common in post-classical Latin, from the 4th cent. In modern French, rein is distinguished from rognon rognon n. in that the former denotes the kidney as an organ, the latter the kidney of an animal used as food.

Now archaic and poetic.

I. In plural form.

1. The kidneys. Now historical and rare.

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > the body > secretory organs > gland > specific glands > [noun] > kidney

reins?a1200

neera1325

kidneyc1325

reins?a1425

?a1200 (?OE) Peri Didaxeon (1896) 51 Ȝif hyt byþ of renys [L. de renibus], oþþer þan lendene, þane cumþ þæt blod of þara blæddran.

a1387 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden Polychron. (St. John's Cambr.) (1879) VII. 369 (MED) He hadde afterward greet penaunce in an evel þat hatte ilium, and greveþ faste by þe reynes.

?a1425 tr. Guy de Chauliac Grande Chirurgie (N.Y. Acad. Med.) f. 17^v Þe reynez bene particlez ordeynd for to mundifye þe blode fro the aquous superfluitee.

c1475 ( Surg. Treat. in MS Wellcome 564 f. 37 The wombe is i-callid al þe regioun of þe nutritis þe which duriþ fro þe midrif dounward..to þe kidneiris, or reynes, and to þe schare.

a1500 (a1450) tr. Secreta Secret. (Ashm. 396) (1977) 61 Yf thow do not so, thow may lightly cacche the passions of thy side and reynes.

1583 P. Barrough Methode of Phisicke iii. xxxvii. 126 The Raynes are vexed with inflammation for diuerse causes.

1584 T. Cogan Hauen of Health cl. 129 The Reynes or Kidneis make grosse and yll bloud.

1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost vi. 346 Spirits..Vital in every part, not as frail man In Entrailes, Heart or Head, Liver or Reines .

1707 J. Floyer Physician's Pulse-watch 353 So from the Reins the Liver is generated, from that the Heart, from that the Stomach.

1720 W. Gibson Farriers New Guide xlii. 180 We find in the Books of Farriers an Account of all the Diseases of the Reins and Bladder.

1844 R. D. Hoblyn Dict. Terms Med. & Collateral Sci. (ed. 2) 265/1 Ren, Renes,..the reins, or kidneys; the secreting organs of the urine.

1870 W. C. Bryant tr. Homer Iliad II. xxi. 289 Eels and fishes came and gnawed The warrior's reins.

2008 M. Wood Earthwise Herbal 414 Gerard provides no further information about the type of condition of the reins, or kidneys, for which apple is remedial.

2. The region of the kidneys.

a. In or after Biblical use: this region as the seat of the feelings or affections, or of sexual desire; (hence occasionally) sexual impulses.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > emotion > aspects of emotion > seat of the emotions > [noun] > entrails or stomach

reinsc1350

entraila1382

stomach1482

c1350 Apocalypse St. John: A Version (Harl. 874) (1961) 19 (MED) I seche þe reynes & þe hertes & ȝelde mede after þat þai seruen.

a1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(1)) (1850) Prov. xxiii. 16 My sone, if wijs were thin inwit..ful out shuln ioȝen my reenes [L. renes].

c1400 (?c1380) Cleanness (1920) 592 (MED) For he is þe gropande God..Rypande of uche a ring þe reynyez and hert.

?a1450 ( J. Lydgate Serpent of Division (McClean) (1911) 57 (MED) Lete good deliberance restreyne youre Reynes þat hasti wilfulnes lede yow nat to confusion.

c1450 (c1400) Bk. Vices & Virtues (Huntington) (1942) 43 (MED) Þe sixte heued of þis best is lecherie, þat is outragieous loue and yuel ordeyned in lykyng of reyns or in delyt of fleschely lustes.

a1530 W. Bonde Pylgrimage of Perfeccyon (1531) iii. f. CCxxiiii I am nere to theyr mouthes, but I am ferre from theyr raynes [Vulgate Jer. xii. 2 Prope es tu ori eorum et longe a renibus eorum].

c1580 Sir P. Sidney tr. Psalmes David vii. x Thou righteous proofes to hartes and reines dost send.

1603 True Narration Entertainm. His Maiestie sig. B3^v Griefe seized euery priuate mans raynes.

1611 Bible (King James) Psalms xvi. 7 I will blesse the Lord, who hath giuen me counsell: my reines also instruct me in the night seasons.

1659 H. Henchman Let. 27 Oct. in R. Allestree Gentlemans Calling (1660) sig. A^v A Manual which..will lively affect, and sit close to the Reins, and penetrate the Heart of the Reader.

1738 J. Wesley Coll. Psalms & Hymns (new ed.) cxxxix. iii. ii Thy Hand my Heart and Reins possest.

1896 A. E. Housman Shropshire Lad xxx. 44 Through their reins in ice and fire Fear contended with desire.

1910 R. Hodgson in Sat. Rev. 3 Sept. Suppl. p. iv/1 A thousand homes of seal and stoat, Of mew and tern rejoiced his reins.

b. The loins. Also in reins of the back. Frequently in extended use.

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > the body > external parts of body > trunk > side > [noun] > loin or flank

lendc975

flankOE

liskc1175

reinsa1382

leerc1386

loin1398

fillet?a1400

swange?a1400

luddocka1475

lunyie?a1513

lumb?1541

iliums1583

a1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(1)) (1850) Job xii. 18 The girdil of kingus he looside, and girdede with a corde the reenes [L. renes] of hem.

a1393 J. Gower Confessio Amantis (Fairf.) viii. 2819 (MED) Sche hath my wounded herte enoignt, My temples and my Reins also.

a1425 (a1382) Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Corpus Oxf.) (1850) Exod. xii. 11 Ȝe shulen girde about ȝoure reynes [L. renes], and ȝe schulen haue shoon in ȝoure feet.

a1475 (?a1430) J. Lydgate tr. G. Deguileville Pilgrimage Life Man (Vitell.) 7207 (MED) Thow requeryst..To be gyrt..With a gyrdel off ryhtwysnesse, Thy reynys strongly for to streyne.

a1475 Sidrak & Bokkus (Lansd.) (Ph.D. diss., Univ. of Washington) (1965) 8087 (MED) Feble reines and heuy bones..makeþ him slepe for þe nones.

?1533 G. Du Wes Introductorie for to lerne Frenche sig. Ddiv ^v Gyrte thy raynes as a man.

1560 J. Daus tr. J. Sleidane Commentaries xiii. f. clxxviij These Palles, which..hange downe from the shoulders to the midde breast, and to the Reines of the backe, like a stoale.

1633 T. Stafford Pacata Hibernia i. xiii. 83 Receiving a blowe with a Peece upon the reines of his backe.

1687 A. Lovell tr. J. de Thévenot Trav. into Levant i. 168 [The] Rock..bears the marks, as if a Body had been laid on the Back upon it, for the form of the Reins appear there.

1720 E. R. Experienc'd Farrier (ed. 4) 78 From the Reins of the Back to the Stones are four great Sinews.

1722 J. Toland Let. Feb. in Coll. Several Pieces (1726) II. 491 My old pains in my thighs, reins, and stomach, seiz'd me violently.

1753 Pocket Dict. Back, the hinder part of a man or beast from the shoulder to the reins.

1814 H. F. Cary tr. Dante Vision I. xx. 83 Each..seem'd to be revers'd At the neck-bone, so that the countenance Was from the reins averted.

1865 A. C. Swinburne In Time of Revol. in Poems & Ballads 27 They are girdled about the reins with a curse.

1944 W. H. Auden For Time Being iii. 103 Generations Of the unborn, all Are leaping for joy In your reins today.

3. Architecture. The curved walls and material filling the space behind these which form and sustain an arch in a vault. Cf. haunch n.¹ 3a.

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > architecture > arch > [noun] > parts of

coin1350

pendant1359

voussoir1359

springer1435

spandrel1477

spring?1553

pitch1615

kneeler1617

gimmalsa1652

face1664

of the third point1672

turn1677

sweep1685

hance1700

skew-back1700

summering1700

springing1703

tympan1704

hip1726

reins1726

rib1726

third point1728

quoin1730

archivolt1731

opening1739

soffit1739

shoulder1744

extrados1772

intrados1772

haunch1793

arch-stone1828

twist1840

coign1843

architrave1849

escoinçon1867

pulvino1907

pin1928

1726 E. Chambers tr. J. Dubreuil Pract. of Perspective 74 Draw curve Lines springing from off the Pilasters, and you will have the Ribs or Reins of the Vault.

1728 E. Chambers Cycl. at Vault The Reins of a Vault, or the filling up, are the Sides which sustain it.

1751 C. Labelye Descr. Westm. Bridge 21 This upper Arch is..thicker in the Reins, or towards the Bottom, than at the Key or Top.

1872 O. Shipley Gloss. Eccl. Terms 184 The space between the crown and the reins of the arch.

1998 Proc. 2nd Internat. Arch Bridge Conf. 62/2 In the specific case of the vaults of bridges the stone elements were the frontons, the cornices, the keystones, the quoins at the reins and possibly the springers.

†II. In singular form.

4. A kidney. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > the body > secretory organs > gland > specific glands > [noun] > kidney

reins?a1200

neera1325

kidneyc1325

reins?a1425

?a1425 tr. Guy de Chauliac Grande Chirurgie (N.Y. Acad. Med.) f. 16 In reuoluyng it [sc. the colon] descendeþ to þe riȝt reyne.

1578 J. Banister Hist. Man v. f. 81 ^v The one writing that where the splene descendeth lower then the liuer, there the right reyne for the most part to be higher then the left.

1582 S. Batman Vppon Bartholome, De Proprietatibus Rerum xliii. f. 59^v/2 Also he sayth, that in all beasts which haue reynes, the left reyne is less fatter than the right.

1657 Sir T. Browne Nature's Cabinet Unlock'd 235 When the humour here is very watrish, it cannot be expurged with a convenient celerity from one rein; and therefore there are two, which are placed near the spina dorsi, at the beginning of the loyns.

Compounds

† General attributive with first element in singular form, as rein-guard, rein-gut; also objective, as rein-trying adj. Obsolete.

ΚΠ

a1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Bodl. 959) (1963) 2 Kings xx. 8 Joab was..gird with a knijf hangynge vn to þe reyne guttis [a1425 L.V. entrayls; L. ilia] in þe scheþe.

1799 T. H. Turner Acct. Anc. Chivalry 11 Rein Guards, for the lower part of the Back.

1823 G. Crabb Universal Technol. Dict. Rein-guard (Mil.), that part of armour which guarded the lower part of the back.

1827 R. Pollok Course of Time II. x. 228 Rein-trying, heart-investigating day.

1857 C. H. Spurgeon Saint & his Saviour ii. 69 All thy repentances, thy tears, thy sighs, thy groans, must go for nothing, being but dross and dung in the sight of the rein-trying Jehovah.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2009; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	reins
释义	reinsn. Brit. /reɪnz/, U.S. /reɪnz/ Forms: α. (In plural form) Middle English raynys, Middle English reenes, Middle English reenus, Middle English reiners (transmission error), Middle English renis, Middle English renys, Middle English reynez, Middle English reynyez, Middle English reynys, Middle English 1600s reyns, Middle English–1600s raynes, Middle English–1600s reynes, Middle English– reins, late Middle English rynes, 1500s rains, 1500s rayns, 1500s reines, 1500s–1600s raines; also Scottish pre-1700 raynes, pre-1700 reanes, pre-1700 renes, pre-1700 renis, pre-1700 reynes, pre-1700 reynis, pre-1700 rheens. β. (In singular form) Middle English reine, Middle English 1600s reyn, Middle English–1500s reyne, 1500s rien (Scottish), 1600s– rein. Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from French. Partly a borrowing from Latin. Etymons: French reins; Latin rēnēs. Etymology: < Anglo-Norman reines, rens, Anglo-Norman and Middle French rains, reins (French reins ) (plural) seat of the feelings or affections (first half of the 12th cent. in Anglo-Norman; frequently in translations of Biblical texts), loins (second half of the 12th cent. in Anglo-Norman), kidneys (1328) and its etymon classical Latin rēnēs (plural) kidneys, in post-classical Latin also loins (3rd cent.), seat of the feelings or affections (Vulgate: see note), of unknown origin. Compare Spanish †renes , plural noun (c1200; in later use superseded by riñón rognon n.), Portuguese rim kidney (plural rins; 13th cent. as †rẽes, plural noun), Italian rene (masculine) kidney (14th cent.), reni (feminine plural) back (a1321), loins (a1324).In Biblical passages in senses 2a and 2b ultimately translating various biblical Hebrew plural nouns, e.g. kĕlāyōṯ (plural noun) kidneys, seat of the feelings or affections, moṯnāyīm (plural noun) loins, middle of the body; compare Hellenistic Greek νεϕροί (Septuagint, e.g. in Psalm 16:7; plural of νεϕρός : see nephro- comb. form), ὀσϕύας (Septuagint, e.g. in Job 12:18, and New Testament; plural of ὀσϕύς loin: see osphyo- comb. form). In sense 3 after French reins curved walls and material filling the space behind these which form and sustain an arch in a vault (1557; earlier in the phrase faux rains (1491), lit. ‘false kidneys’, with reference to the shape of the walls). With rein-guard at Compounds compare French garde-reins , in same sense (1901 or earlier). In classical Latin the singular form is rare: it occurs in Plautus (3rd–2nd cent. b.c.) as riēn (compare also the plural form riēnēs ; the form riēn is after liēn lien n.²). The singular form ren is more common in post-classical Latin, from the 4th cent. In modern French, rein is distinguished from rognon rognon n. in that the former denotes the kidney as an organ, the latter the kidney of an animal used as food. Now archaic and poetic. I. In plural form. 1. The kidneys. Now historical and rare. ΘΚΠ the world > life > the body > secretory organs > gland > specific glands > [noun] > kidney reins?a1200 neera1325 kidneyc1325 reins?a1425 ?a1200 (?OE) Peri Didaxeon (1896) 51 Ȝif hyt byþ of renys [L. de renibus], oþþer þan lendene, þane cumþ þæt blod of þara blæddran. a1387 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden Polychron. (St. John's Cambr.) (1879) VII. 369 (MED) He hadde afterward greet penaunce in an evel þat hatte ilium, and greveþ faste by þe reynes. ?a1425 tr. Guy de Chauliac Grande Chirurgie (N.Y. Acad. Med.) f. 17^v Þe reynez bene particlez ordeynd for to mundifye þe blode fro the aquous superfluitee. c1475 ( Surg. Treat. in MS Wellcome 564 f. 37 The wombe is i-callid al þe regioun of þe nutritis þe which duriþ fro þe midrif dounward..to þe kidneiris, or reynes, and to þe schare. a1500 (a1450) tr. Secreta Secret. (Ashm. 396) (1977) 61 Yf thow do not so, thow may lightly cacche the passions of thy side and reynes. 1583 P. Barrough Methode of Phisicke iii. xxxvii. 126 The Raynes are vexed with inflammation for diuerse causes. 1584 T. Cogan Hauen of Health cl. 129 The Reynes or Kidneis make grosse and yll bloud. 1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost vi. 346 Spirits..Vital in every part, not as frail man In Entrailes, Heart or Head, Liver or Reines . View more context for this quotation 1707 J. Floyer Physician's Pulse-watch 353 So from the Reins the Liver is generated, from that the Heart, from that the Stomach. 1720 W. Gibson Farriers New Guide xlii. 180 We find in the Books of Farriers an Account of all the Diseases of the Reins and Bladder. 1844 R. D. Hoblyn Dict. Terms Med. & Collateral Sci. (ed. 2) 265/1 Ren, Renes,..the reins, or kidneys; the secreting organs of the urine. 1870 W. C. Bryant tr. Homer Iliad II. xxi. 289 Eels and fishes came and gnawed The warrior's reins. 2008 M. Wood Earthwise Herbal 414 Gerard provides no further information about the type of condition of the reins, or kidneys, for which apple is remedial. 2. The region of the kidneys. a. In or after Biblical use: this region as the seat of the feelings or affections, or of sexual desire; (hence occasionally) sexual impulses. ΘΚΠ the mind > emotion > aspects of emotion > seat of the emotions > [noun] > entrails or stomach reinsc1350 entraila1382 stomach1482 c1350 Apocalypse St. John: A Version (Harl. 874) (1961) 19 (MED) I seche þe reynes & þe hertes & ȝelde mede after þat þai seruen. a1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(1)) (1850) Prov. xxiii. 16 My sone, if wijs were thin inwit..ful out shuln ioȝen my reenes [L. renes]. c1400 (?c1380) Cleanness (1920) 592 (MED) For he is þe gropande God..Rypande of uche a ring þe reynyez and hert. ?a1450 ( J. Lydgate Serpent of Division (McClean) (1911) 57 (MED) Lete good deliberance restreyne youre Reynes þat hasti wilfulnes lede yow nat to confusion. c1450 (c1400) Bk. Vices & Virtues (Huntington) (1942) 43 (MED) Þe sixte heued of þis best is lecherie, þat is outragieous loue and yuel ordeyned in lykyng of reyns or in delyt of fleschely lustes. a1530 W. Bonde Pylgrimage of Perfeccyon (1531) iii. f. CCxxiiii I am nere to theyr mouthes, but I am ferre from theyr raynes [Vulgate Jer. xii. 2 Prope es tu ori eorum et longe a renibus eorum]. c1580 Sir P. Sidney tr. Psalmes David vii. x Thou righteous proofes to hartes and reines dost send. 1603 True Narration Entertainm. His Maiestie sig. B3^v Griefe seized euery priuate mans raynes. 1611 Bible (King James) Psalms xvi. 7 I will blesse the Lord, who hath giuen me counsell: my reines also instruct me in the night seasons. View more context for this quotation 1659 H. Henchman Let. 27 Oct. in R. Allestree Gentlemans Calling (1660) sig. A^v A Manual which..will lively affect, and sit close to the Reins, and penetrate the Heart of the Reader. 1738 J. Wesley Coll. Psalms & Hymns (new ed.) cxxxix. iii. ii Thy Hand my Heart and Reins possest. 1896 A. E. Housman Shropshire Lad xxx. 44 Through their reins in ice and fire Fear contended with desire. 1910 R. Hodgson in Sat. Rev. 3 Sept. Suppl. p. iv/1 A thousand homes of seal and stoat, Of mew and tern rejoiced his reins. b. The loins. Also in reins of the back. Frequently in extended use. ΘΚΠ the world > life > the body > external parts of body > trunk > side > [noun] > loin or flank lendc975 flankOE liskc1175 reinsa1382 leerc1386 loin1398 fillet?a1400 swange?a1400 luddocka1475 lunyie?a1513 lumb?1541 iliums1583 a1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(1)) (1850) Job xii. 18 The girdil of kingus he looside, and girdede with a corde the reenes [L. renes] of hem. a1393 J. Gower Confessio Amantis (Fairf.) viii. 2819 (MED) Sche hath my wounded herte enoignt, My temples and my Reins also. a1425 (a1382) Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Corpus Oxf.) (1850) Exod. xii. 11 Ȝe shulen girde about ȝoure reynes [L. renes], and ȝe schulen haue shoon in ȝoure feet. a1475 (?a1430) J. Lydgate tr. G. Deguileville Pilgrimage Life Man (Vitell.) 7207 (MED) Thow requeryst..To be gyrt..With a gyrdel off ryhtwysnesse, Thy reynys strongly for to streyne. a1475 Sidrak & Bokkus (Lansd.) (Ph.D. diss., Univ. of Washington) (1965) 8087 (MED) Feble reines and heuy bones..makeþ him slepe for þe nones. ?1533 G. Du Wes Introductorie for to lerne Frenche sig. Ddiv ^v Gyrte thy raynes as a man. 1560 J. Daus tr. J. Sleidane Commentaries xiii. f. clxxviij These Palles, which..hange downe from the shoulders to the midde breast, and to the Reines of the backe, like a stoale. 1633 T. Stafford Pacata Hibernia i. xiii. 83 Receiving a blowe with a Peece upon the reines of his backe. 1687 A. Lovell tr. J. de Thévenot Trav. into Levant i. 168 [The] Rock..bears the marks, as if a Body had been laid on the Back upon it, for the form of the Reins appear there. 1720 E. R. Experienc'd Farrier (ed. 4) 78 From the Reins of the Back to the Stones are four great Sinews. 1722 J. Toland Let. Feb. in Coll. Several Pieces (1726) II. 491 My old pains in my thighs, reins, and stomach, seiz'd me violently. 1753 Pocket Dict. Back, the hinder part of a man or beast from the shoulder to the reins. 1814 H. F. Cary tr. Dante Vision I. xx. 83 Each..seem'd to be revers'd At the neck-bone, so that the countenance Was from the reins averted. 1865 A. C. Swinburne In Time of Revol. in Poems & Ballads 27 They are girdled about the reins with a curse. 1944 W. H. Auden For Time Being iii. 103 Generations Of the unborn, all Are leaping for joy In your reins today. 3. Architecture. The curved walls and material filling the space behind these which form and sustain an arch in a vault. Cf. haunch n.¹ 3a. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > architecture > arch > [noun] > parts of coin1350 pendant1359 voussoir1359 springer1435 spandrel1477 spring?1553 pitch1615 kneeler1617 gimmalsa1652 face1664 of the third point1672 turn1677 sweep1685 hance1700 skew-back1700 summering1700 springing1703 tympan1704 hip1726 reins1726 rib1726 third point1728 quoin1730 archivolt1731 opening1739 soffit1739 shoulder1744 extrados1772 intrados1772 haunch1793 arch-stone1828 twist1840 coign1843 architrave1849 escoinçon1867 pulvino1907 pin1928 1726 E. Chambers tr. J. Dubreuil Pract. of Perspective 74 Draw curve Lines springing from off the Pilasters, and you will have the Ribs or Reins of the Vault. 1728 E. Chambers Cycl. at Vault The Reins of a Vault, or the filling up, are the Sides which sustain it. 1751 C. Labelye Descr. Westm. Bridge 21 This upper Arch is..thicker in the Reins, or towards the Bottom, than at the Key or Top. 1872 O. Shipley Gloss. Eccl. Terms 184 The space between the crown and the reins of the arch. 1998 Proc. 2nd Internat. Arch Bridge Conf. 62/2 In the specific case of the vaults of bridges the stone elements were the frontons, the cornices, the keystones, the quoins at the reins and possibly the springers. †II. In singular form. 4. A kidney. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > life > the body > secretory organs > gland > specific glands > [noun] > kidney reins?a1200 neera1325 kidneyc1325 reins?a1425 ?a1425 tr. Guy de Chauliac Grande Chirurgie (N.Y. Acad. Med.) f. 16 In reuoluyng it [sc. the colon] descendeþ to þe riȝt reyne. 1578 J. Banister Hist. Man v. f. 81 ^v The one writing that where the splene descendeth lower then the liuer, there the right reyne for the most part to be higher then the left. 1582 S. Batman Vppon Bartholome, De Proprietatibus Rerum xliii. f. 59^v/2 Also he sayth, that in all beasts which haue reynes, the left reyne is less fatter than the right. 1657 Sir T. Browne Nature's Cabinet Unlock'd 235 When the humour here is very watrish, it cannot be expurged with a convenient celerity from one rein; and therefore there are two, which are placed near the spina dorsi, at the beginning of the loyns. Compounds † General attributive with first element in singular form, as rein-guard, rein-gut; also objective, as rein-trying adj. Obsolete. ΚΠ a1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Bodl. 959) (1963) 2 Kings xx. 8 Joab was..gird with a knijf hangynge vn to þe reyne guttis [a1425 L.V. entrayls; L. ilia] in þe scheþe. 1799 T. H. Turner Acct. Anc. Chivalry 11 Rein Guards, for the lower part of the Back. 1823 G. Crabb Universal Technol. Dict. Rein-guard (Mil.), that part of armour which guarded the lower part of the back. 1827 R. Pollok Course of Time II. x. 228 Rein-trying, heart-investigating day. 1857 C. H. Spurgeon Saint & his Saviour ii. 69 All thy repentances, thy tears, thy sighs, thy groans, must go for nothing, being but dross and dung in the sight of the rein-trying Jehovah. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2009; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.?a1200
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