reserven.adj.
/rᵻˈzəːv/, U.S. /rəˈzərv/, /riˈzərv/ A. n.† 3. A thing or means to which one may have recourse; a refuge; a resort. Obsolete.
1.
a. In troops of reserve (also brigades of reserve, etc.): troops or parts of a military force which are withheld from action to serve as later reinforcements, or as cover. Similarly army (also body, corps) of reserve, etc. Cf. corps de réserve at corps n.1 2b.
ΘΚΠ
society > armed hostility > armed forces > the Army > branch of army > [noun] > special reserves or Territorial Army
army of reserve1607
reserves1826
Special Reserve1907
Territorial Army1907
home guard1908
T.A.1924
TAVR1967
1607 E. Grimeston tr. Gen. Inuentorie Hist. France ii. l. 10 The Combat growes hot, being very equal in valour and courage, but not in force, by reason of the troupes of reserue, which Edward kept for the last charge.
1632 tr. Swedish Discipline iii. 23 The King of Sweden..goes..to visite his three Brigades of Reserue in the Reere of the maine Battayle.
1658 T. Tanner Entrance of Mazzarini Continued 51 The whole Army (except a Body of Reserve commanded by the Baron de Sirot..) made a great Front.
1698 tr. Tacitus Hist. i, in tr. Ann. & Hist. III. 74 Auxiliaries of Germans..out of whom Vitellius..Compos'd also another Army of reserve to sustain the whole.
1719 G. London & H. Wise J. de la Quintinie's Compl. Gard'ner (ed. 7) 107 That we may always have some [trees] as 'twere in a Body of Reserve for that purpose.
1758 Orderly Bk. 24 Nov. in G. Washington Papers (1988) VI. 156 The 4th Part of each Brigade is to Compose a Corp of reserve to their respective Brigades.
1803 W. Scott Let. 27 Aug. (1932) I. 196 Armies of Reserve, and Militia, and Pikemen, and Sharpshooters, who are to descend from Ettrick Forest to the confusion of all invaders.
1866 Chambers's Encycl. VIII. 204/2 The Army of Reserve is a force incorporated under the act 22 and 23 Vict. c. 42 (1859).
1894 L. Drake in C. F. Horne Great Men & Famous Women II. 225 Here, in command of a body of reserve, he attacked the walls, after the first parties had been repulsed.
1901 Amer. Jrnl. Nursing 1 328 This country should have a corps of reserve among nurses numbering one thousand members.
1939 A. H. Imlah Ld. Ellenborough iv. 90 There were no adequate armies of reserve concentrated south of the Bolan and Khaibar passes.
1998 M. A. Wells Searching for Red Eagle iii. xii. 219 Claiborne..leads the center column of the Third Regiment of U.S. Infantry, with Lester's Guards and Wells' Dragoons acting as a corps of reserve.
b. plural. Troops of reserve (see sense A. 1a). Also in singular: a body of such troops. Also figurative.
ΘΚΠ
society > armed hostility > armed forces > the Army > group with special function or duty > [noun] > reserves
standardc1325
reserves1632
reservala1645
corps de réserve1704
relief1826
mass of manoeuvre1907
1632 tr. Swedish Discipline iii. 13 These three Brigades, (wherein some English and many Scots were) were accounted among the best and surest men of the Army: and called The Reserue of the Battell.
1642 N. Fiennes True Relation Battels fought against Bloudy Cavelliers 5 The Lord Fieldings Regiment..stood behinde the other two, in the way of a reserve.
1643 J. Byron Relation to Secretary 5 We forced them to fall fowle upon other Reserves of Horse that stood behind to second them, and so swept their whole Body of Horse out of the Field.
1670 C. Cotton tr. G. Girard Hist. Life Duke of Espernon i. i. 7 At the Battel of Dreux, where he fought at the head of the Reserve.
a1671 T. Fairfax Short Mem. (1699) 84 I had the right wing, with some Scots horse, and lances for my reserves.
1703 Clarendon's Hist. Rebellion II. ix. 506 In the Reserve, were the King's life-Guard..with the King's horse-Guards.
1781 G. Cockings Amer. War iv. 94 A strong reserve advancing, quick drew near, To take their station in the Hessian rear.
1846 H. H. Wilson Hist. Brit. India 1805–35 II. i. 25 The troops had been distributed in four columns of attack and a reserve.
1864 G. O. Trevelyan Lett. from Competition Wallah xi, in Macmillan's Mag. Apr. 495/1 The time will surely come when we may bring up our reserves with happy effect.
1918 D. Haig Diary 31 May in War Diaries & Lett. 1914–18 (2005) 416 Foch told me that the situation was anxious: the reserves which had been sent forward had ‘melted away very quickly’.
1966 D. Lavender Climax at Buena Vista (2003) xi. 207 He ordered his reserves into battle formation out of sight in the ravine.
2003 E. J. Erickson Defeat in Detail v. 199 Cavit Paşa began to move his reserves forward to form a new defensive line north of Görice.
c. In plural and singular. Military forces maintained by a state in addition to its regular army, navy, air force, etc., to be called on to meet particular needs, as in wartime, national emergencies, or the like.In later use sometimes with preceding modifying word. general, militia, naval reserve, etc.: see the first element.
ΘΚΠ
society > armed hostility > armed forces > the Army > branch of army > [noun] > special reserves or Territorial Army
army of reserve1607
reserves1826
Special Reserve1907
Territorial Army1907
home guard1908
T.A.1924
TAVR1967
1826 Hansard Commons 3 Mar. 1103 The additional force was required..to form a reserve at home, from which reinforcements might be sent to distant places, without stripping the country of its ordinary portion of defence.
1860 W. C. Hazlitt Hist. Venetian Republic I. vii. 310 Nor is it improbable that some precaution was taken against contingencies by the formation of a naval reserve.
1876 G. E. Voyle & G. de Saint-Clair-Stevenson Mil. Dict. (ed. 3) 338/2 In the British army this force consists of the auxiliary forces, as well as the army reserves, the militia reserve, or any other reserve and land forces.
1891 H. Patterson Illustr. Naut. Dict. 368 State naval reserves are on about the same footing as the militia.
1975 Times 10 July 12/6 The Government would move towards greater integration of the reserves with the Royal Navy.
1976 R. Massey When I was Young xxiii. 193 He had fifteen years in the regular cavalry behind him, followed by three years in the reserve.
2003 Telegram & Gaz. (Worcester, Mass.) (Nexis) 24 Oct. a15 I have..served in the United States Marine Corps Reserves, from which I was honorably discharged in 1989.
d. In plural and singular. Originally Anglo-Indian. A body of auxiliary members of the emergency services (originally the police), who may be called on to supplement and support the members of the regular services.
ΚΠ
1880 Ann. Rep. Admin. Assam 1878–9 37 The small numbers of the reserves of the civil police have rendered it impossible to do much in the way of drilling the civil police.
1886 Ann. Rep. Admin. Bengal 1884–5 6 The total sanctioned strength of the whole district police force including the reserve consisted of 73 superior officers, 3435 subordinate officers, and 20,001 constables.
1901 Polit. Sci. Q. 16 5 The act provided for a thoroughly organized corps of policemen,..a force of reserves stationed at the police headquarters, and mobilizing arrangements for suppressing serious tumults.
1946 Billboard 2 Feb. 38/3 Cook is a..member of the..Coast Guard Reserves.
1998 Herald (Glasgow) (Nexis) 21 July 14 A volunteer member of the Fire Services Reserve in Glasgow, he wanted to enlist in the Royal Marines.
e. A member of a reserve force, a reservist.
ΘΚΠ
society > armed hostility > warrior > soldier > soldier by branch of army > [noun] > auxiliary or reserve
volunteer1642
redif1836
home guard1850
reservist1854
reserve1897
Saturday night soldier1911
weekend soldier1970
1897 Times 6 Dec. 9/4 We can maintain only about 156,000 men and boys of all ranks, with 78,000 reserves who cannot be annually trained.
1947 W. F. Halsey & J. Bryan Admiral Halsey's Story xiv. 240 He proved to be a Reserve who had been to sea exactly once before, for a short cruise during his ROTC course at Georgia Tech!
2003 D. A. Doll in P. B. Francis & B. L. Ives Brown Shoes 77 Like myself, he was a reserve and had been released from active duty to the reserves at the end of 1949.
2. † a. A place or thing in which something is preserved or stored; this together with its contents. Also figurative. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > possession > supply > storage > [noun] > place where anything is or may be stored
aumbry1356
promptuary?a1425
repository1485
staple1523
magazine1583
reposement1592
repertory1593
rendezvous1608
reserve1612
conservatory1624
reconditory1633
dormerc1640
stowagea1641
depositum1646
repositary1650
magazine storehousea1654
deposit1719
reservoir1739
battery1748
depository1750
storage1775
depot1795
depositary1797
repertorium1797
rua1831
stowaway1913
1612 J. Donne Second Anniuersarie 4 in First Anniuersarie All haue forgot all good, Forgetting her, the maine Reserue of all.
1627 P. Hay Advt. Subj. Scotl. 30 Treasures reserved in the handes of Princes, bee but like Cisterns, and reserues of Water, which may be soone exhausted, by daylie taking from them.
1644 K. Digby Two Treat. i. xxiv. 214 How can one imagine that such iuice should circulate the whole body of an animall,..and retire to the reserue where it is kept for generation.
1659 J. Leak tr. I. de Caus New Inventions Water-works 30 The Reserve must be alwaies full of Water a foot high.
1730 J. Thomson Autumn in Seasons 161 These..The mountain-cisterns fill, those grand reserves Of water, scoop'd among the hollow rocks.
b. Frequently with of. A quantity of something (material or immaterial) which has been kept or stored, or which has not yet been used, dispensed with, etc.; a store, a stock; a remnant, a residue. In later use frequently in plural.Federal, gold, inner reserve, etc.: see the first element.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > possession > supply > storage > [noun] > that which is stored or a store > kept in reserve
arrearage1594
reserve1646
nest-egg1837
balance (in hand)1876
backlog1883
reservoir1941
the world > relative properties > wholeness > incompleteness > part of whole > that which is left or remainder > [noun] > what remains in excess
surplusc1374
overplusa1387
thrifta1387
surplusagec1407
surplusagec1407
superplusage1436
overdealc1440
overcome1445
superplusa1450
superfluities1483
upperplus1578
super1626
reserve1646
overs1864
overmatter1887
1646 Sir T. Browne Pseudodoxia Epidemica i. vi. 24 A Reserve of Puerilitie wee have not shaken off from Schoole. View more context for this quotation
a1649 G. Abbott Brief Notes Psalms (1651) cxxiii. 634 O thou that inhabitest the heavens, and hast thy reserves of good will and pleasure there.
1684 W. Pope Old Mans Wish (single sheet) A hidden Reserve of Burgundy wine.
1691 T. Hale Acct. New Inventions 44 Not only for their present use..but for a Reserve to answer accidents during their Voyages.
a1734 R. North Examen (1740) i. ii. 102 But ex pede Herculem. They, that let so much be seen, had notable Reserves however couched.
a1745 J. Swift 4 Last Years of Queen (1758) i. 18 He was allowed to have always kept a Reserve of Allegiance to his exiled Master.
1747 S. Richardson Clarissa II. xliii. 298 I have reserves of pens and ink.
1806 J. Beresford Miseries Human Life I. iv. 73 A drunken sailor, who..ejects his reserve of tobacco against the lady's drapery.
1868 J. E. T. Rogers Man. Polit. Econ. ix. 102 It is..a maxim in business that man..should have a hoard or reserve from which he can draw, when the times are untoward.
1878 Times 17 July 9/1 It is the characteristic of our people to..develope new reserves of strength and resource whenever a fresh occasion arises.
1929 H. Crane Let. c23 Oct. (1965) 347 I feel quite rested already, but I know that I need a little ‘reserve’.
1939 P. A. Rollins Gone Haywire 66 A baggy, dried cowhide fastened horizontally beneath the wagon box and used for carrying a reserve of fuel.
1984 Oxf. Illustr. Hist. Britain iii. 160 Their reserves of liquid capital enabled Italian companies to offer attractive terms.
2004 J. Clemens & D. Pettman Avoiding Subj. 16 [He] squanders his already limited reserves of energy and enthusiasm on ordering items over the phone from IKEA.
c.
(a) spec. (A stock of) funds kept available by a bank, insurance company, etc., to meet ordinary or probable demand. Frequently in plural. See also reserve fund n. at Compounds 2.
ΘΚΠ
society > trade and finance > financial dealings > types of money-dealing > [noun] > provision of capital > capital or principal > types of
stock1598
artificial capital1772
circulating capital1776
natural capital1785
money capital1791
working capital1798
reserve1819
authorized capital1825
current asset1826
loan capital1848
capital asset1851
water1867
capital equipment1893
refugee capital1926
risk capital1927
hot money1936
venture capital1943
risk money1944
exposure1975
1819 Hansard's Parl. Deb. 7 May 211 A similar degree of uncertainty, as to the amount of the circulating medium, must exist, as far as it arises from the varying reserves of all bankers, even when the circulating medium consists in part of gold, and will then equally apply..to the reserve of the Bank of England.
1836 Champion & Weekly Herald 20 Nov. 4/5 Does not the system of publicity that is now given..show the constant pressure on the reserves of the Bank of England beyond all doubt?
1848 Bankers' Mag. Sept. Suppl. p. cxxiv The Bank's reserve..was about 3,000,000l.
1885 Jrnl. Inst. Actuaries 25 141 On a new method of comparing the Reserves for Policies.
1952 P. Studenski & H. E. Krooss Financial Hist. U.S. x. 115 The state adopted a free banking system, requiring a 100 per cent reserve against all public liabilities.
1961 Jrnl. Finance 16 81 Under these circumstances the lending bank's reserves will fall by the amount of the new loan.
2002 Business Rev. Weekly 27 June 53/1 AMP has a net reserve on its re-insurance business of $1.8 billion and a prudential margin of $225 million.
(b) Capital accumulated by a company from profits which are not paid to shareholders as a dividend; the part of a company's profits that is added to its capital in this way (originally more fully surplus reserve). Also in plural.hidden reserve: see hidden adj. 1d.
ΘΚΠ
society > trade and finance > management of money > income, revenue, or profit > profit > [noun] > profit to be shared > part not shared out
reserve1849
1849 Daily News 24 May 6/1 He..did not consider they [sc. the bank's prospects] could be worse than they had been, during which time they had still maintained the dividend and put by a reserve.
1882 Times 20 Jan. 7/6 A gross profit of £68,744 for the year just ended, from which the Board would pay a dividend of 6 per cent. per annum, adding £20,000 put to reserve last half-year.
1901 Q. Jrnl. Econ. 15 518 The surplus reserve of a corporation is that part of its net earnings which is set aside before dividends are declared.
1954 H. Macmillan Diary 15 Dec. (2003) 370 M&Co seems to be flourishing... A good profit this year—mostly (as usual) put to reserve.
1974 Terminol. Managem. & Financial Accountancy (Inst. Cost & Managem. Accountants) 63 Reserves, undistributed or surplus profits. The creation and distribution of certain reserves are affected by company policy and legal considerations, e.g. the provisions of the Memorandum and Articles of Association of the company.
2000 Ann. Rev. 1999 (CGU plc) 19/1 The total cost of dividends for 1999..will amount to £515m.., leaving nil to be transferred to reserves.
d. The amount of coal, oil, gas, a mineral, etc., which is known to exist and be capable of extraction in a particular district. Usually in plural.In specialist contexts reserve (in singular or plural) may be used specifically to denote a part of a lode, seam, etc., which has been exposed and from which coal or ore can be profitably extracted.coal, gas, oil reserve: see the first element.
ΘΚΠ
the world > the earth > minerals > mineral sources > [noun] > reserves
reserve1838
reserve grade1912
1838 F. Burr Elements Pract. Geol. iii. 213 The South Wales coalfield, the reserves contained in which..may probably be considered as sufficient to supply the whole consumption of England for about 1000 years.
1854 J. H. Murchison Brit. Mines ii. 55 The machinery and materials are valued at £15,000, and there are three years' reserves of ore in the mine.
1856 D. T. Ansted Elem. Course Geol. (ed. 2) 579 Reserves (in mining). A part of a lode laid bare by the exploring and regular work of the mine, and from which the ore can be at any time removed.
1890 Daily News 19 Mar. 2/5 The task of prospecting, exploring, and proving the existence of mineral reserves.
1912 M. H. Burnham Mod. Mine Valuation i. 66 Ore in a developed mine lying below that which the engineer is willing to class as a reserve, and pay for, is ‘possible’ only. [Note] The above table classes as reserves only the ore lying above the deepest level.
1946 J. D. Forrester Princ. Field & Mining Geol. xiii. 486 The mine operators..have been able to decrease their mine development costs..but at the same time markedly increase ore reserves.
1955 Times 9 Aug. 8/2 This would exhaust the known reserves of coal, oil and natural gas..within less than a century.
1990 H. Palmer & T. Palmer Alberta viii. 205 This discovery led to another boom and opened up vast reserves of naphtha or wet gas.
2004 N.Y. Times Bk. Rev. 8 Feb. 12/3 The current known reserves [of uranium] can supply the earth's energy needs for only 25 years at best.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > advantage > usefulness > use (made of things) > recourse > [noun] > that to which one has recourse
chevisancec1330
recoursec1405
resorta1413
refugec1425
shift1523
rescours1533
reserve1644
1644 W. Prynne & C. Walker True Relation Prosecution N. Fiennes 34 The Colonell thus driven to the wall and worsted on every hand, used two pleas more for his last reserve.
1673 R. Allestree Ladies Calling i. v. ⁋28 'Tis..thought to be but the effect of destitution and secular wants, a reserve rather then a choice.
1699 R. Bentley Diss. Epist. Phalaris (new ed.) Pref. p. li The only reserve then that I had left, was to write to Mr. Grævius.
a1715 Bp. G. Burnet Hist. Own Time (1724) I. 320 So he thought, he had a sure reserve to gain England at any time over to them.
1724 G. Jeffreys Edwin iii. 41 That Secret..Has took a foolish Turn, and ruin'd all; Unless my last Reserve, your Genius, aids me To [etc.].
4.
a. An expressed or tacit limitation, exception, condition, or restriction made concerning something; a proviso, a qualification; the action or fact of making such a limitation, exception, etc. Now rare.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > attention and judgement > testing > attestation, witness, evidence > qualification > [noun] > reservation, proviso
conditionc1315
preveance?1316
purview1442
proviso1443
provision1450
saving1478
forprise1530
cautel1541
caveat1579
postulate1588
cautiona1593
non obstante1604
reservation1606
unless1606
reservancy1630
salvo1642
reserve1644
stipulation1792
reserver1807
get-out clause1912
clausula rebus sic stantibus1939
escape clause1945
1644 H. Burton Grand Impostor Unmasked 12 Onely with this Reserve, that this Primate become Pope, when time serves.
1654 E. Wolley tr. ‘G. de Scudéry’ Curia Politiæ 109 With this reserve and difference, that she shall receive that illustrious honour from my hands, and not I from hers.
a1679 W. Outram 20 Serm. (1682) 304 To evade and escape the plainest truths by some reserves.
1699 R. Bentley Diss. Epist. Phalaris (new ed.) 258 It is at his Service: but with this reserve, that he shall not abuse me for Lending it.
1729 R. Wodrow Corr. (1843) III. 432 All his declarations seemed to be yet consistent with some favourite scheme..he had taken up, and that led him into his reserves as to the personal property.
1772 E. Griffith Wife in the Right iv. 65 I approve your chivalry, Governor, but with this reserve, that you are sure your Ladies be also Ladies of honour, on their part.
1836 Q. Rev. July 501 Every indulgence to the criminal in capital cases throughout the code is always stated with this reserve, ‘except in cases of high treason’.
1865 M. Arnold Ess. Crit. vii. 223 How many reserves must be made in praising either his poetry, or his criticism!
1908 A. Bennett Old Wives' Tale ii. iii. 182 Constance and Samuel were very satisfied; full of praise for other people's children, but with the reserve that of course Cyril was hors concours.
1983 P. O'Brian Treason's Harbour v. 153 He had..offered some to Jack, but with the reserve that there would be a roast sheep at the fort which Captain Aubrey must share.
b. Limitation or qualification of one's support, belief, acceptance, etc., of something; an instance of this; a doubt, a misgiving; = reservation n. 6b.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > attention and judgement > testing > attestation, witness, evidence > qualification > [noun] > instance of > in the mind only
mental reservation1606
restriction1607
reserve1690
1690 N. Lee Massacre of Paris ii. i. 12 Without the smallest Mental Reservation, Equivocation, or the least Reserve.
1859 J. S. Mill On Liberty i. 19 In the minds of almost all religious persons..the duty of toleration is admitted with tacit reserves.
1874 L. Stephen Hours in Libr. 1st Ser. 301 The..story..is to be received with a certain reserve.
1933 Jrnl. Royal Statist. Soc. 96 117 The conclusions arrived at could be accepted only with considerable reserve.
1957 P. Thody Albert Camus v. 62 Two articles..contained serious reserves as to the value of the attitude advocated in The Plague.
2005 M. J. Buckley in D. F. Ford et al. Fields of Faith i. 15 Freud..believed—with some reserve—that one could get to the prehistoric by a study of primitives.
5. Something reserved or set apart for a particular reason or purpose.† a. gen. Obsolete.In early use also in plural: the provisions or scope of a means of setting something or someone apart (as the mercy of God, etc.).† c. Chiefly Scottish. A tree which has been selected to be left standing rather than cut down. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > relative properties > wholeness > mutual relation of parts to whole > separation > [noun] > separating from main body > separating for a purpose > that which is
reserve1649
set-aside1943
1649 Bp. J. Taylor Great Exemplar iii. xvii. 65 Either they that remain are sealed up to a worse calamity, or left within the reserves and mercies of Repentance.
1679 C. Ness Distinct Disc. Antichrist 146 Besides the reserve of 45 y. hereafter to be spoke of.
1693 W. Bates Serm. Several Occasions x. 352 Men are within the Reserves of Mercy; God spares them in order to Pardon.
1695 W. Kennett Parochial Antiq. Gloss. at Chirch-Scot A reserve of Corn rent paid to Secular Priests, or to the Religious.
1710 H. Prideaux Orig. & Right Tithes ii. 72 They were Maintained out of the Sacrifices, that were offered, and..had every time they officiated a reserve over and above for the support of their Families also.
b. A location or area reserved for a particular use or purpose, esp. as the property or place of abode of a particular person or group of people, or in the interests of wildlife conservation. Cf. reservation n. 9.Frequently with preceding modifying word, as game, nature reserve, etc. For established compounds see the first element.The usual term in Canada, Australia, and New Zealand, and formerly in South Africa, for an area of land set aside for the use of a specific indigenous group (see Indian, native reserve, etc., at the first element).
ΘΚΠ
society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabited place > district in relation to human occupation > a land or country > part of country or district > [noun] > reservation for indigenous people
reserve1667
Indian reserve1752
reservation1792
Indian reservation1804
station1825
location1833
native reserve1842
native location1866
res1880
native location1928
township1934
homeland1959
1667 in Maryland Hist. Mag. (1925) 20 283 Olivers Reserve, 150 acr[es].
1771 G. Washington Let. 7 Nov. in Writings (1834) II. 367 They have made a reserve of thirty thousand acres,..to provide for any claims, which may hereafter come in.
1798 in Western Reserve Hist. Soc. Publ. 96 175 We the Subscribers are severally interested in the tract of Land called the Connecticut Reserve.
1805 Statutes at Large U.S.A. (1846) VII. 98 The latter [Indian] reserve to be subject to the same laws and regulations as may be established in the circumjacent country.
1811 in Coll. Acts Parl. Great Britain applying to Upper-Canada (1818) 294 The lands and tenements in the possession of the lessees of the Crown and Clergy Reserves.
1852 R. Godlonton & E. Irving Narr. Kaffir War iii. xvii. 232 They fell upon two Fingo kraals in the ‘Reserve’..and completely destroyed them.
1882 St. James's Gaz. 15 Mar. 6/1 Other dangers of the oyster in the shallow waters of the reserves are heat and cold.
1892 Pall Mall Gaz. 21 Apr. Each monk's ‘reserve’ contains a passage..which serves as his exercise ground.
1953 P. H. Abrahams Return to Goli iv. ii. 106 At the moment the Blacks of the Reserves have only about 10 per cent of the total land area of the Union.
1965 Austral. Encycl. I. 88/2 Southern Australia..has allocated a large part..of the western desert in the north-west of the State for aboriginal reserves.
1992 Zoo Life Winter 38/2 (caption) She..makes a point of visiting wildlife reserves and other zoos whenever she travels.
2008 Vancouver Province (Nexis) 8 July a39 The majority of players on the under-19 Iroquois squad come from reserves in Ontario and New York state.
ΚΠ
1792 Lett. & Papers Agric. (Bath & West of Eng. Soc.) VI. 272 The same person marks for reserves any self-planted trees he can find in the coppices and hedgerows that come in course for cutting.
1799 Hull Advertiser 28 Dec. 2/1 The Earl of Breadalbane's woods..contain about two thousand chosen reserves, from 40 to 100 years old.
1825 in Rep. Supreme Courts Scotl. (1840) 12 605/2 The glen to be cut in spring 1826, and the Lagary wood to be cut in spring 1827... The reserves are to be one in ten, and of an average value.
d. In dyeing, pottery decoration, etc.: an area which is kept free from an applied colour, originally by the application of a resist (resist n. 2); (more generally) an area which remains the original colour of the material or the colour of the background. Cf. sense A. 9.
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > ornamental art and craft > decoration of china > [noun] > painting > area left uncoloured
reserve1876
the world > textiles and clothing > textiles > textile fabric or an article of textile fabric > textile fabric > textile fabric manufactured in specific way > treated or processed in specific way > [noun] > printed > in specific way > area left original colour
reserve1910
1876 P. G. Hamerton Etching & Etchers 281 Reserves of pure white amidst dark shading may be made anywhere.
1910 Burlington Mag. Aug. 284/1 [In these textiles] for the most part the surface is covered by circular reserves in which..figures..are placed in pairs symmetrically confronted.
1980 Catal. Fine Chinese Ceramics (Sotheby, Hong Kong) 166 With reserves of emblems and precious objects alternating with trellis diaper panels around the rim.
1993 Antique Dealer Aug. 5/2 (advt.) The central reserves [of the jug] are painted in underglaze blue with a Chinaman fishing in an Oriental landscape.
e. Chiefly British. Usually more fully as central reserve. = reservation n. 11.
ΘΚΠ
society > travel > means of travel > route or way > way, path, or track > road > [noun] > for wheeled vehicles > dual carriageway > central reservation
reservation1887
reserve1923
median1944
1923 Garden Cities & Town Planning 13 217/2 Two carriageways, each 25 feet wide, separated by a central reserve of about 20 feet.
1937 Sunday Times 10 Jan. Nearly all the new roads have broad central ‘reserves’ and broad grass verges on each side.
1968 Highway Code 15 When crossing a dual carriageway, treat each half as a separate road. Wait at the central dividing strip (the central reserve) until there is a safe gap in the traffic.
2004 Irish Times (Nexis) 11 Feb. (Motors section) 51 This section of motorway has been the location of serious and fatal incidents caused by speeding and vehicles crossing the central reserve into oncoming traffic.
6.
a. Avoidance of plain speaking or openness; reticence; circumspection or discretion in speech or writing; (occasionally) an instance of this. Also with negative connotation: the withholding or concealment of information or truth; obscurantism.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > language > speech > taciturnity or reticence > [noun]
stillnessc1050
silencea1225
seld-speech?c1225
taciturnityc1450
retreata1533
mum1555
silentness1573
reticence1603
reticencya1617
reservation1619
parciloquy1656
reserve1659
costiveness1792
incommunicativeness1815
mutism1824
incommunicableness1835
ineloquence1843
incommunicability1855
unspeaking1860
mumchanceness1910
mumchanciness1920
1659 J. Gauden Ἱερα Δακρυα iv. xx. 562 More veniall and excusable may those verball reluctancies, reserves, and refractures..seem.
1661 J. Gauden Causa Dei 164 As by your speaking you do not strengthen the hands of an evill cause and evill doers, so by your silence and reserve, you do cast a just reproach and discountenance upon them.
1697 J. Vanbrugh Provok'd Wife i. 5 You have given me so many proofs of your Friendship, that my reserve has been indeed a Crime.
1704 J. Norris Ess. Ideal World II. xii. 512 The reserve of a theory; which..ought not to attempt to explain everything, but to have some clouds mingled with its light.
1725 A. Pope tr. Homer Odyssey III. xiv. 220 On dark reserve what better can prevail, Or from the fluent tongue produce the tale?
1795 W. Paley View Evidences Christianity (ed. 3) II. ii. ii. 61 As to the rest, a solemn reserve is maintained.
1817 A. Hatton Gonzalo de Baldivia I. iv. 204 Flora..considered Lazarillo's silence and reserve respecting what had taken place during his confinement in the Inquisition a particular affront to herself.
1864 J. H. Newman Apologia App. 67 It was a duty..to observe a great reserve and caution in communicating to them the knowledge of ‘the whole counsel of God’.
1898 Glasgow Herald 2 Apr. 8/2 Both General Woodford and the Spanish Ministers show pointed reserve concerning the contents of the memorandum.
1952 ‘C. S. Forester’ Lieutenant Hornblower ii. 12 The wardroom officers..seemed to be secretive and very much inclined to maintain a strict reserve about themselves.
1954 Sat. Rev. (U.S.) 17 Apr. 13/2 Although Kesselring writes with some reserve about his snowballing difficulties after 1941, it is clear that things never went quite right again.
2006 T. Buckley in S. A. Kan & P. T. Strong New Perspectives Native N. Amer. ix. 228 What was offensive was Lake's breaching of the community's reserve regarding specific sacred knowledge.
b. The imposition of a limit to one's actions; restraint, self-control; avoidance of exaggeration or excessive effects (in writing, painting, etc.).
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > behaviour > good behaviour > restrained or moderate behaviour > [noun]
i-metOE
hovec1175
metc1175
methec1175
measurec1225
measure?c1225
temperancea1340
methefulnessc1350
temperurec1380
mannera1382
mannernessa1382
sobernessc1384
attemperancec1386
measurablenessa1400
amesingc1400
meanheada1425
mediocrity?a1425
moderation?a1425
moderancea1460
temperancy1526
mean1531
modesty1531
temperature1536
measure-keeping1556
moderateness1571
moderature1574
sobriety1582
mediety1583
moderacy1601
temperateness1609
reserve1660
medium1693
soft pedal1899
met1932
1660 Word in Season (single sheet) Offices of Respect, and Comfort, ought to be performed with Liberty, and Chearfullness, without any the least mixture of Scruple, and Reserve.
1665 R. Boyle Occas. Refl. Introd. Pref. sig. a5v That noble Figure..I should be loath to use..with no more Reserve than those great Orators Tully and Isocrates have Sometimes done before me.
1739 H. Brooke Gustavus Vasa i. i. 2 Let him bear up to what thy Praises speak him, And I will win him spite of his Reserve, Bind him with sacred Friendship to my Soul, And make him half myself.
1760 Hist. in Ann. Reg. 29/1 Notwithstanding this reserve of the king..the victory was compleat.
1822 P. B. Shelley Hellas 27 He crouches, watching till the spoil be won, And must be paid for his reserve in blood.
1860 J. Ruskin Mod. Painters V. 184 Reserve... I mean by it the power which a great painter exercises over himself in fixing certain limits..which he will not transgress.
1902 Amer. Jrnl. Philol. 23 138 It is only by contrast with their exaggerated uses that we learn to appreciate the exquisite reserve of the best period.
1926 Musical Q. 12 211 He made great use of Eastern modes and rhythms, but always with an artist's reserve.
1999 Guardian (Nexis) 30 Oct. 23 Cool heads—Tony Blair has so far handled himself with admirable reserve—need speedily to refocus public attention.
c. Lack of cordiality; coolness or distance of manner; formality; aloofness; undemonstrativeness. Also (occasionally) in plural in same sense.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > behaviour > bad behaviour > discourtesy > [noun] > lack of affability
strangenessc1386
unhomelinessc1440
fremdnessa1500
coldness1557
coolnessa1586
self-guarda1586
diskindness1596
formality1599
reservedness1606
inaffability1611
restrainta1616
unconess1637
chillness1639
froideur1645
distance1660
starchedness1670
buckram1682
starchness?1693
starch1694
reserve1711
stiffness1717
unapproachableness1727
retirement1803
angularity1824
standoffishness1826
distancy1836
chill1837
starchiness1844
unapproachability1846
hedgehogginess1858
standoff1865
offishness1867
aloofness1878
pokerishness1880
untouchableness1909
untouchability1919
stuffiness1926
1711 M. Prior Poems Several Occasions 67 My Soul surpriz'd,..Left all Reserve, and all the Sex behind.
1728 E. Young Love of Fame: Universal Passion (ed. 2) vi. 45 There is no woman, where there's no reserve.
1748 S. Richardson Clarissa V. xvi. 164 And so to my charmer, whom, notwithstanding her reserves, I hope to prevail upon to walk out with me on the heath.
1777 R. Watson Hist. Reign Philip II I. vii. 184 The people threw off the reserve which they had hitherto maintained.
1805 H. Lee Canterbury Tales V. 264 Thrown wholly off his reserves by surprise and vexation.
1838 E. Bulwer-Lytton Alice I. ii. v. 179 On the whole, they made just allowance for his habits of distant reserve.
1879 Mrs. A. G. F. E. James Indian Househ. Managem. 79 English people in England are too apt to wrap themselves up in what they think is a dignified reserve.
1920 D. H. Lawrence Women in Love i. 18 There was a certain hostility, a hidden ultimate reserve in him, cold and inaccessible.
1928 F. B. Livingston This Man & this Woman xvi. 136 Ruth was the only person before whom Veronica threw off her reserves and relieved the tension of her perturbations.
1986 E. Longford Pebbled Shore (1988) ix. 139 Her reserve I did not find chilling since my own family were singularly undemonstrative.
2007 N.Y. Times (Nexis) 14 Nov. e1 Mr. Rattle, with not a trace of British reserve, dived among the players and engaged in a hugfest.
7. An act of keeping some knowledge from another person; a fact or piece of information kept back or disguised; a secret. Now somewhat archaic (in later use chiefly in negative contexts).
ΘΚΠ
the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > secrecy, concealment > [noun] > something concealed, a secret
derna1000
counsel1377
secrec1386
dernheada1400
secretnessc1425
secrecyc1450
secret1450
concealment1598
reservation1612
cabal1631
recess1646
occult1648
reserve1680
state secret1822
reserving1844
inédit1910
1680 Bp. G. Burnet Some Passages Life Rochester Pref. sig. A4v He used very few Reserves with me.
1714 J. Swift Some Free Thoughts upon Present State Affairs (1741) 4 Thus he grows to abound in Secrets and Reserves, even towards those with whom he ought to act in the greatest Confidence.
1768 L. Sterne Sentimental Journey II. 84 He insisted I had a reserve, and that I would speak my opinion frankly.
1795 E. Burke Corr. (1844) IV. 296 Consult Mr. Grattan, with whom I have no reserves, and I wish you to have none.
1843 E. Pickering Friend, or Foe? II. iv. 118 You know where he spends his days. He could have no reserves from you, his bosom friend.
1865 M. B. Smedley Mere Story II. xiv. 219 Say everything that is in your heart to me. Let there be no reserves—there never have been any reserves between us.
1937 G. M. Trevelyan Grey of Fallodon ii. ii. 167 When..Dorothy died, Grey had no reserves from her and leant strongly upon her help.
2006 N. B. Ganaway Construction Business Managem. xi. 117 When you and an employee have gone beyond the employer/employee relationship to, say, the point of becoming drinking buddies who have no reserves between you.
8. Christian Church. The action of reserving a particular right, prerogative, etc., to be exercised by a superior authority; = reservation n. 2. Chiefly in Papal reserve.
ΘΚΠ
society > faith > worship > benefice > advowson > [noun] > of pope: reservation to vacant benefice
reservation?a1425
reserve1725
society > faith > worship > sacrament > confession > absolution > [noun] > reservation of power of
reservation1536
reserve1725
1725 D. Cotes tr. L. E. Du Pin New Eccl. Hist. 17th Cent. I. ii. iii. 46 Benedict XII made a general Reserve [Fr. une reserve generale] of all the Benefices in Curia.
1884 W. E. Addis & T. Arnold Catholic Dict. 718/1 He quotes..from Constitutions of Richard, bishop of Salisbury, clear cases of Papal reserve.
1964 Past & Present No. 29. 30 The instructions of September 1530 which asked Henry's envoys to investigate the extent of the papal reserve of power by the side of the king's imperial authority.
2008 D. Prudlo Martyred Inquisitor iii. 89 In the years before the papal reserve came into effect, translation of a person's body by the local bishop was the equivalent of formal canonization.
9. In textile or pottery decoration, electroplating, etc.: = resist n. 2. Now rare.
ΘΚΠ
the world > matter > colour > colouring > colouring matter > [noun] > dye > resist
resist1815
reserve1824
resistant1860
society > occupation and work > industry > working with specific materials > working with metal > [noun] > coating with metal > preparation used to prevent
reserve1824
1824 A. Ure tr. C.-L. Berthollet & A.-B. Berthollet Elements Art of Dyeing II. vi. i. 279 When a green ground is wished for upon cloth, acetate of alumina is printed on, and a reserve is applied to the parts that are to remain white.
1839 A. Ure Dict. Arts 228 A chrome orange reserve may be made by introducing a larger proportion of sub~acetate of lead.
1873 E. Spon Workshop Receipts (1885) 1st Ser. 217/2 Make a gold reserve, and use a silver reserve.
1930 Occup. & Health: No. 195: Dyeing (Internat. Labour Office) 1/2 The excess products (mordants, reserves, thickening agents and colouring substances) are removed by passing the materials through hot baths.
10. = reserve price n. at Compounds 2.
ΘΚΠ
society > trade and finance > monetary value > price > [noun] > auction prices
sale price1793
starting price1805
reserve price1820
put-up price1831
reserve1854
knock-down price1888
1854 D. G. Rossetti Let. c26 June (1965) I. 203 The rest he put into a sale at Christie's, after taking my advice as to the reserve he ought to put on the Hunt, which I fixed at 500 gs. It reached 300 in real biddings.
1911 R. Fry Let. 4 Feb. (1972) I. 340 It [sc. a picture] was valued by Berenson..at £6,000 but I don't think..that the reserve will be nearly so high as that.
1977 Irish Press 29 Sept. 15/5 Fastest trial winner of the day, in 29.87, The Best Band, went to 1,025 guineas, but this was a long way short of the reserve.
1998 Classic Cars Apr. 163/2 A claimed highest bid that was still below the vendor's reserve may have been made by the owner him/herself.
11. Chiefly Agriculture. A distinction awarded to an animal or other exhibit at a show, indicating that it will receive a prize in the event of another being disqualified; an animal, etc., to which such an award is made. Cf. reserve champion n. (b) at Compounds 2, reserve number n. at Compounds 2, reserve ticket n. at Compounds 2. N.E.D. (1906) states that reserve was used in this sense at the Royal Agricultural Society's Show at Bury St Edmunds in 1867 (cf. quot. 1868).
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > prosperity > success > token of victory or supreme excellence > [noun] > prize > other than first
consolation prize1866
reserve1869
1868 Derby Mercury 29 July 6/5 The Queen's Hereford bull, ‘Deception’, was marked as a reserve number [at the Royal Agricultural Society's Show, Bury St Edmunds].]
1869 Times 7 Dec. 4/5 Mr. Walter Farthing's Birmingham prize cow ‘Lady’..being the ‘reserve’ for the plate, as well as first in her class.
1884 Jackson's Oxf. Jrnl. 17 May 6/2 Mr. J. Shrub..won Reserve with his dark brown gelding, Prince.
1917 C. L. Hill Guernsey Breed 388 He [sc. a bull] was reserve for the King's Cup at the R. A. A. S. show in 1906.
1932 Times 20 July 10/4 Dame Ethel Locke King..was awarded the reserve for Shiwa Rosey of Goodnestone Lad.
1962 Q. Jrnl. Forestry 56 335 L. E. Stanton Hope's display of forestry tools and instruments..won the reserve for the silver gilt medal.
2000 Carmarthen Jrnl. (Nexis) 2 Aug. 27 Limousin breeder Wendy Morgan was celebrating again last week having been awarded reserve for the commercial beef championship.
12. Sport. A player who is kept in readiness to replace another player if required; a player chosen for this purpose. Also in plural: the reserve or second team (frequently with preceding name). See also sense B. 3.
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > sport > player or sportsperson > [noun] > team or group > member of > reserve or substitute
substitute1826
sub1864
reserve1885
walk-on1965
1885 Times 24 Dec. 7/5 The reserves for England are—C. H. Sample, Northumberland, back [etc.].
1900 A. Upward Ebenezer Lobb 71 I have so many to select from... But..I can put you down as a reserve.
1927 Times 9 May 6/5 Police protection had to be given to..the referee in the East Anglian Cup final between Chelmsford and Norwich City Reserves.
1961 Daily Express 14 Jan. 10 Aston Villa assistant manager Dick Taylor..saw 19-year-old Cheung bamboozle Villa reserves.
1976 Evening Post (Nottingham) 14 Dec. 18/5 The England reserve, who injured his back against East Midlands last week, is replaced by Nottingham Casuals' Ian Henry.
1977 Belfast Tel. 22 Feb. 29/3 He played for the reserves last night and if there is no reaction, he will be in the Thistle first team tonight.
2008 News & Observer (Raleigh, N. Carolina) (Nexis) 17 Oct. c2 He's a reserve on one of the worst teams in the NBA.
B. adj. (attributive).
1. Military. That is or forms part of a reserve (sense A. 1).
ΘΚΠ
society > armed hostility > armed forces > the Army > branch of army > [adjective] > reserve
reserve1655
territorial1910
1655 Ld. Orrery Parthenissa (new ed.) I. ii. i. 136 I gott 1000. Horse and as many Foote in Armes, and by a furious and unexpected Sally, forc'd the next Guards to a hasty retreate, and in the disorder thereof routed some Reserve Troopes which came to oppose us.
1677 Earl of Orrery Treat. Art of War 150 You should never choose a Ground to fight on..which you cannot fill up, with your fighting, and reserve Squadrons and Battalions.
1761 ‘Whackum Smackum’ Scrubs of Parnassus 26 If he shou'd..act as a reserve brigade, Should Gen'ral Murphy want his aid.
1790 T. B. Clarke Statistical View Germany 62/2 2,000 reserve troops, &c.
1849 Times 23 Feb. 5/4 A select committee was agreed to be appointed to inquire into the practicability of providing a reserve steam navy, available for the national defence.
1853 J. H. Stocqueler Mil. Encycl. 231/1 The depôt companies left at home by infantry regiments embarking for foreign service are now called the Reserve companies.
1916 D. Haig Diary 28 Oct. in War Diaries & Lett. 1914–18 (2005) 249 The difficulties of the long carry to this part of our front are such that all reserve troops have to be employed.
1945 H. P. Samwell Infantry Officer with Eighth Army iv. 33 We had agreed that he should bring up Company H.Q. and the reserve platoon behind, while I led the forward platoons.
2001 Navy News Sept. 34/3 (advt.) You will be required to provide full details of your employer on joining the reserve forces.
2. gen. (That may be) held in reserve; constituting a reserve (sense A. 2b); spare.
ΘΚΠ
the world > time > change > exchange > substitution > [adjective] > held in reserve
reserve1824
standby1882
back-up1952
1693 J. Evelyn tr. J. de La Quintinie Compl. Gard'ner i. iii. xx. 182 This operation of the Transporting of Reserve Trees, may be done till Mid-summer.
1824 W. Thompson Inq. Princ. Distrib. Wealth 424 A reserve store..for as many months or years supply as experience shows may be rendered necessary for the deficiency of bad harvests.
1866 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 156 574 The principal and reserve proboscideal spines in the members of the genus Tetrastemma.
1876 G. E. Voyle & G. de Saint-Clair-Stevenson Mil. Dict. (ed. 3) 339/1 The reserve ammunition of a regiment is carried in carts.
1902 G. S. Whitmore Last Maori War xi. 181 He had to subsist them from the reserve provisions brought up with so much difficulty by pack horses to Galatea.
1931 Los Angeles Times 17 Nov. ii. 10/2 It will still be a question up to 2 p.m. Saturday afternoon as to how much reserve force Harvard has ready for another hard pressure game.
1955 V. W. von Hagen Highway of Sun xiv. 242 Leighton pointed to the gasoline gauge. Dangerously low, the high altitudes were rapidly emptying the reserve tank.
1975 Audubon May 28/2 The flora and fauna of the oceans are the reserve cornucopia which could provide us in the future with substitute sources of all sorts of items.
2003 Guardian 7 July i. 4/3 Webbing which was supposed to hold the reserve chute in place had also been sabotaged.
3. Sport. That is a reserve (sense A. 12). Also: (of a team, game, etc.) consisting of or played by reserves.
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > sport > player or sportsperson > [adjective]
sporting1679
sportive1713
sportsmanly1778
sportsmanlike1816
reserve1869
sporty1889
sportif1953
society > leisure > sport > types of sport or game > [adjective]
amateur1789
pro-amateur1886
sand lot1890
pro-am1937
non-contact1942
pro-celebrity1952
pro-celeb1953
reserve2001
1869 Times 17 Aug. 7/6 They returned home on foot, their boat being rowed back for them by their two reserve men.
1880 Fitchburg (Mass.) Daily Sentinel 22 May The above men..were selected as the team proper, and a reserve team was organized.
1881 Leeds Mercury 15 Feb. 8/5 Two Oxford University men and M. Shearman (East Sheen) are the reserve forwards.
1923 Daily Mail 3 Mar. 13 C. L. Spackman..and H. J. Still as reserve backs are possibles.
1993 Non-League Football Today Mar. 31/1 He played for the reserve team..contributing with a goal assist.
2001 Sun 27 Jan. 75/5 I was on the bench alongside Cloughie at a reserve match against Barnsley and their full-back kept kicking our winger.
4. Of a wine: designated or claimed to be of superior quality; spec. that has been aged for longer than a standard wine. Cf. Reserva n.
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > drink > intoxicating liquor > types or qualities of intoxicating liquor > [adjective] > good
in heart1626
round1827
supernacular1828
reserve1880
the world > food and drink > drink > intoxicating liquor > types or qualities of intoxicating liquor > [adjective] > mature
ripec1400
well-brewed1570
reserve2006
1880 H. Vizetelly Facts about Port iii. vi. 190 Some reserve wine proved alike dry and soft, with an agreeable sub-pungency of flavour and a fine vinous bouquet.
1961 San Antonio (Texas) Light 30 Nov. 29 (advt.) Bordeaux reserve red... Clear ruby red, full bouquet... Bordeaux reserve white... Charming white, rich aroma.
1989 C. Clark Amer. Wines of Northwest ii. viii. 159 The first reserve Pinot, in a full, ripe flavory style, has considerable flair, if not the elegance that marks northern Willamette Pinots.
2006 N.Y. Times (National ed.) 23 Apr. iii. 7/2 The reserve wines, which sell for $2 or $3 more per bottle, undergo a longer fermentation than the regular wines and are aged in oak barrels.
Phrases
P1. in reserve.
a. Set aside or kept for a possible eventuality; remaining unutilized, unexploited, etc.; still available.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > possession > supply > storage > in store [phrase] > in reserve
in warnestorec1440
in reserve1624
1624 E. Bolton Nero Caesar xxix. 167 The ouer-plus of the soldiers..may be thought to bee in reserue for accidents, and other the sodein exigents of warre.
1666 W. Sancroft Lex Ignea 41 We are all Clinicks in this point; would fain have a Baptism in Reserve, a wash for all our sins, when we cannot possibly commit any more.
1691 T. Hale Acct. New Inventions 91 The only Method in reserve..is this of Lead.
1746 Mrs. Carter in M. Pennington Life (1808) I. 105 My fellow nut-catcher and I have another wood in reserve where we hope for better success.
1778 H. Brooke Charitable Assoc. i. ii. 212 But, ladies, I have a relishing morceau in reserve for you.
1814 T. Chalmers Evid. Christian Revel. (ed. 5) i. 13 There is still a second argument in reserve.
1887 R. W. Irvine et al. Football 125 The tactics of keeping the wing players in reserve.
1939 H. Miller Tropic of Capricorn 122 There was a little schnapps in the cupboard which his old man kept in reserve.
1959 Observer 15 Mar. 13/5 I don't have facials now: I keep that and massage in reserve for when I get older.
2004 S. Mehta Maximum City 187 Stinger missiles from the Afghan war have been distributed over the subcontinent, held in reserve for the next big riot.
b. Of an area (of the surface of a piece of pottery, paper, etc.): kept free from applied colour. Of a decorative figure: placed in an area which has been kept free of the surrounding colour or pattern. Cf. sense A. 5d.
ΚΠ
1906 Burlington Mag. Mar. 422/1 These vessels..are of copper, ornamented with figures in reserve beneath arcading.
1915 R. L. Hobson Chinese Pottery & Porcelain I. viii. 106 [A leaf was] stuck on to the ware while the slip was applied, and afterwards removed, leaving a leaf-shaped pattern in reserve.
1982 Metrop. Mus. Art Bull. Spring 31/2 With transparent washes and parts of the white paper left in reserve, Homer suggested the play of tropical sunlight on the irregular surface of a wall.
2000 A. Ray Eng. Delftware 36 An overall floral decoration on either side of a central band with floral motifs in reserve.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > mental capacity > expectation > expectation, waiting > waiting [phrase]
on (also upon) the reserve1655
to watch the clock?1705
in waiting1769
waiting in the wings1876
the mind > language > speech > taciturnity or reticence > [adjective]
unspeakinga1382
speechless1390
mutec1400
dumb1406
silenta1425
peaceablec1425
secretc1440
of few wordsa1500
tongue-tied1529
mum1532
closec1540
strait-laced1546
tongue-dumb1556
incommunicable1568
sparing1568
inconversable1577
retentive1599
wordless1604
mumbudget1622
uncommunicable1628
monastica1631
word-bound1644
on (also upon) the reserve1655
strait-mouthed1664
oyster-like1665
incommunicative1670
mumchance1681
speechless1726
taciturnous1727
tongue-tacked1727
monosyllabic1735
silentish1737
untalkative1739
silentious1749
buttoned-up1767
taciturn1771
close as wax1772
untittletattling1779
reticent1825
voiceless1827
say-nothing1838
unremonstrant1841
still1855
unvocal1858
inexpansive186.
short-tongued1864
non-communicating1865
tight-lipped1876
unworded1886
chup1896
tongue-bound1906
shut-mouthed1936
zip-lipped1943
shtum1958
1655 in E. Nicholas Nicholas Papers (1892) II. 161 I cannot make any conjecture of Cromwells busines with his parliament, but think he lyes upon the reserve.
1688 R. L'Estrange Brief Hist. Times II. iv. 65 And so did Otes and the rest, (Purposely Pretermit) many things, and keep themselves upon the Reserve.
1701 W. Wotton Hist. Rome 336 This made them keep themselves upon the Reserve.
1740 tr. C. de F. de Mouhy Fortunate Country Maid II. 326 She took me in her Arms, and express'd a Regret for being upon the Reserve, declaring an entire Confidence in me.
1771 Hist. Sir William Harrington III. lxvii. 175 He really of late has been very much upon the reserve, seldom caring..to go on with the discourse.
1809 B. H. Malkin tr. A. R. Le Sage Adventures Gil Blas III. vii. i. 13 I shall..disclose a secret to you; though men in our profession cannot be too much on the reserve.
1855 A. Marsh Heiress of Haughton II. 87 My sweet boy will see the propriety of resisting the temptation of being her cavalier, and the good taste of keeping himself a little upon the reserve.
P3. without reserve.
a. Without limitation, qualification, or restriction of any kind; without reservation; (also) without restraint, freely, frankly.
ΘΚΠ
society > authority > lack of subjection > freedom or liberty > freedom of action or from restraint > without restraint [phrase] > without restriction or limit
without reserve1658
the sky's the limit1908
(with) no holds barred1942
no strings attached1951
1658 R. Baxter Crucifying of World xvi. 91 They say they are sanctified, and the people of God; and if they were so indeed, they would be Devoted to him without reserve.
1700 J. Welwood Mem. Material Trans. 239 His Subjects were obliged to obey him without Reserve.
1751 S. Johnson Rambler No. 176. ⁋2 A furious critic, whose age, rank, or fortune gives him confidence to speak without reserve.
1794 W. Paley Evidences (1825) II. 16 It [sc. Christianity] denied without reserve the truth of every article of heathen mythology.
1815 M. Elphinstone Acct. Kingdom Caubul Introd. 53 The King..said he had sent for us that we might converse without reserve.
1871 Era 19 Feb. 12/4 Every actor and actress in New York, without reserve, volunteered.
1925 J. M. Keynes in A. C. Pigou Memorials A. Marshall i. i. 18 He had not kept his ideas to himself, but had shared them without reserve in lecture and in talk with friends and pupils.
1955 A. J. P. Taylor Bismarck i. 29 Bismarck had no such regrets. He alone defended the settlement of Olomouc without reserve.
2008 N.Y. Times (Nexis) 14 Sept. a37 He had a wonderful and rich life. He loved and was loved without reserve.
b. With reference to sale by auction: without a reserve price.
ΘΚΠ
society > trade and finance > selling > a public sale > [adverb] > at or by auction > without stipulations or reserve price
without reserve1779
1779 (title) A catalogue of foreign and English books..which will be sold by auction (without reserve)..at the Lebec's Head Tavern, in the Strand, on Thursday, Sept. 30th, 1779.
1799 Times 1 June 1/1 (advt.) The beautiful Collection of paintings..now exhibiting, and selling off without reserve.
1877 Musical Times Nov. 519/1 (advt.) About twenty Harmoniums..which have been returned from hire, and will be sold without reserve.
1901 Fort Wayne (Indiana) Sentinel 25 May 8/4 (advt.) Rugs from Persia, India and Ottoman empire..will be put at auction and sold without reserve.
1987 Herald (Melbourne) (Nexis) 17 Nov. 21 Rucker's assets..were sold without reserve at cheap prices to buyers who cleaned up.
2007 A. D. Bryce Art Smart 133 [The sales] feature almost everything, including estate arts pieces often sold without reserve and at very low prices compared to retail.
Compounds
C1. General attributive (in various senses of the noun).
ΚΠ
1812 Hist. Campaigns Brit. Forces Spain & Portugal II. ii. iii. 226 5 nine-pounders..and two reserve waggons [i.e. waggons carrying a reserve of ammunition].
1849 in R. Southey Common-place Bk. 2nd Ser. 627/1 (heading) The Indian Reserve-lands at Gay Head.
1898 Daily News 30 Mar. 5/3 Recruits..will be enlisted for three years' army and nine years' reserve service.
1911 W. H. Koebel In Maoriland Bush xix. 253 An occasional small patch of ‘reserve’ bush throws its long shadow down the steep hillsides.
1916 ‘B. Cable’ Action Front 125 Men who live month in month out in a narrow territory, bounded on the east by the forward firing line and on the west by..the villages of the reserve billets.
1959 N. Mailer Advts. for Myself (1961) 50 In early 1941 he wrote to his father that he would like to take advantage of his reserve commission to enter the army.
1974 ‘D. Kyle’ Raft of Swords x. 97 In Vancouver..there are a great many British immigrants. Some..are ex-service, still on the reserve list.
1999 Mining Jrnl. (Nexis) 14 May 365 The new reserve figures assume a cut-off grade of 0.67 g/t Au (recovered) for the mill ore.
C2.
reserve bench n. a seat at the side of a sports field for a team's substitutes; (also) a team's roster of substitute players.
ΚΠ
1903 Logansport (Indiana) Pharos 5 May 3/2 He was not feeling well before the game and was placed on the reserve bench.
1972 Ebony Apr. 114 It was a total team effort with dazzling guards.., sharp-shooting forwards..and a strong reserve bench.
2008 Express & Echo (Exeter) (Nexis) 18 June 43 Sitting on the reserve bench can be very frustrating.
reserve buoyancy n. buoyancy available to a (waterborne or airborne) craft in excess of its gross weight.The reserve buoyancy of a ship arises from the amount of its watertight volume that is above the waterline.
ΘΚΠ
society > travel > travel by water > vessel, ship, or boat > vessel with reference to qualities or attributes > [noun] > attributes of vessel > buoyancy available in excess of weight
reserve buoyancy1873
1873 Times 14 Apr. 7/6 She would lose a certain amount of reserve buoyancy that she now has in her half-raised forecastle.
1910 W. J. Jackman & T. H. Russell Flying Machines (1912) xxi. 196 The reserve buoyancy, that is the total lifting capacity aside from the weight of the airship and its equipment, is estimated at three tons.
1951 D. H. C. Birt Sailing Yacht Design vi. 99 There is no reserve buoyancy forward on heeling to balance that in the after-sections.
2001 C. Kulczycki New Kayak Shop ii. 18/1 In such boats the hull should flare, thus increasing the volume above the waterline and increasing reserve buoyancy.
reserve cell n. Physiology a relatively undifferentiated cell that participates in the renewal or regeneration of tissue, esp. epithelial tissue; (also) a chromophobe cell of the posterior pituitary (now rare).
ΘΚΠ
the world > life > biology > substance > cell > types of cells > [noun] > other types of cells
reticular cell1832
torula1833
reserve cell1842
subcell1844
parenchyma cell1857
pedicel cell1858
nettle cell1870
heterocyst1872
prickle cell1872
angioblast1875
palisade cell1875
sextant1875
spindle cell1876
neuroblast1878
body cell1879
plasma cell1882
reticulum cell1882
stem cell1885
Langhans1886
basal cell1889
pole cell1890
myelocyte1891
statocyst1892
mast cell1893
thrombocyte1893
iridocyte1894
precursor1895
nurse cell1896
amacrine1900
statocyte1900
mononuclear1903
oat cell1903
myeloblast1904
trochoblast1904
adipocyte1906
polynuclear1906
fibrocyte1911
akaryote1920
Rouget cell1922
Sternberg–Reed1922
amphicyte1925
monoblast1925
pericyte1925
promyelocyte1925
pituicyte1930
agamete1932
sympathogonia1934
athrocyte1938
progenitor1938
Reed–Sternberg cell1939
submarginal1941
delta cell1942
mastocyte1947
squame1949
podocyte1954
transformed cell1956
transformant1957
spheroplast1958
pinealocyte1961
immunocyte1963
lactotroph1966
mammotroph1966
minicell1967
proheterocyst1970
myofibroblast1971
cybrid1974
1842 Edinb. New Philos. Jrnl. 32 82 We cannot help considering these little capsules as reserve cells, when the larger organs are lost.
1872 E. B. Baxter tr. G. E. von Rindfleisch Man. Pathol. Histol. I. 404 Between their bases only a few reserve cells, to replace those which are shed, are here and there apparent.
1930 C. Bloom in A. A. Maximow & W. Bloom Textbk. Histol. xxxiv. 693 Most of the chromophobe cells [of the hypophysis], the so-called chief or principal or reserve cells, have relatively small amounts of cytoplasm.
1975 L. Foulds Neoplastic Devel. II. iii. 111 Convincing photomicrographs of a layer of small cuboidal cells [in cervical epithelium] have been published and these cells have been identified as the basal cells or reserve cells from which the layer of overlying columnar cells is renewed.
2005 Human Pathol. 36 155 (caption) After estrogenic stimuli, the reserve cells convert to mature squamous mucosa.
reserve champion n. †(a) a second or further advocate for a cause (obsolete rare); (b) (chiefly in agricultural competitions and shows) a person, animal, or exhibit which will be named champion in the event of the winner being disqualified; a runner-up (cf. sense A. 11).
ΚΠ
1838 Let. 10 Feb. in London Med. Gaz. 10 Mar. 941*/2 The announcement, coming as it does from the reserve champion of the party—for be it observed, that it is no longer the original calumniator.
1889 Manch. Guardian 10 Jan. 7/1 The animal was also a winner of the best Devon at Birmingham, was reserve champion at Norwich, and a second prize winner at the Smithfield Show last year.
1956 Jrnl. Range Managem. 9 153/1 Awards in the colored slide contest went to Hurlon C. Ray..as Grand Champion and Robert A. Darrow, College Station, Texas as Reserve Champion.
2007 Lancaster (Pa.) New Era (Nexis) 20 Sept. 1 [His] pumpkin decorated to look like a turtle earned reserve champion.
reserve clause n. North American (a) Law a clause in a legal document reserving the right of certain parties to alter or repeal the terms of the document; (b) Sport a clause in a professional player's contract with a team, reserving the team's rights to the player once the contract has expired, preventing free movement between teams (now chiefly historical).
ΚΠ
1837 J. Mitchell Life Wallenstein, Duke of Friedland ix. 315 It is not true..that the reserve clause, in favour of the emperor, was left out in the paper presented for signature.
1888 N.Y. Times 20 Dec. 2/6 Our lawyers say that the reserve clause of the League and the claimed right to sell a player will not stand.
1923 J. J. McGraw My Thirty Years in Baseball xxiii. 124 The reserve clause was stricken from our contracts. This made us free agents at the end of the season, giving us the right to go to another club or anywhere we pleased.
1973 Globe & Mail (Toronto) 5 Dec. 34/1 What would happen, you might ask, if the NHL discarded the lovable old reserve clause altogether, and the hockey players could be had for grabs, by the highest bidder?
1978 Business Hist. Rev. 52 44 A reserve clause allowed the legislature to amend or repeal any charter of incorporation at any time.
1990 D. DiMaggio & B. Gilbert Real Grass, Real Heroes x. 130 The reserve clause stated that if you decided not to play for your team, you remained the property of that team anyhow.
reserve currency n. a strong currency which is widely used in international trade and which a central bank is prepared to hold as part of its foreign exchange reserves.
ΘΚΠ
society > trade and finance > money > medium of exchange or currency > [noun] > types of currency
soft currency1837
fiat-money1880
token coinage1881
token-money1889
token currency1893
monopoly money1895
hard currency1940
soft currency1940
reserve currency1950
petrocurrency1974
cryptocurrency1991
commodity dollar1998
1950 Times 1 June 10/1 The status of sterling as an international trading and reserve currency and the protection of sterling against gold losses due to the use of sterling balances.
1967 Listener 26 Jan. 116/3 Britain, in or out of the Common Market, should maintain sterling as a reserve currency.
1978 Time 3 July 8/1 The D-mark is being pushed more and more into the role of an international reserve currency.
2004 N.Y. Rev. Bks. 11 Mar. 17/3 It was..evident in 1945 that the United States would direct any effort to manage the world economy, with the dollar as the principal reserve currency.
reserve fund n. a fund kept as a reserve, esp. by a bank or other financial institution; also in plural (cf. fund n.1 2b).
ΘΚΠ
society > trade and finance > financial dealings > banking > [noun] > reserve fund of bank
reserve fund1810
rest1833
1810 F. Baily Doctr. Life-annuities & Assurances xiv. 483 The joint stock, raised by the accumulation of the reserve fund necessary for the security of this guarantee.
1814 Monthly Rev. June 178 They possess the same claim to confidence now, when their reserve-funds are in Bank of England notes, as formerly when they were in specie.
1853 E. C. Gaskell Cranford xv. 228 Miss Matty would be perplexed as to her duty if she were aware of any little reserve-fund being made for her while the debts of the bank remained unpaid.
1928 F. E. Baily Golden Vanity xiv. 201 No dividend, reserve fund wiped out, and a dog-fight at the annual general meeting.
2002 N.Y. Times 31 Mar. 30/3 During the boom times, New York State squirreled away hundreds of millions of dollars in reserve funds.
reserve number n. chiefly Agriculture (now rare) = reserve ticket n.
ΚΠ
1855 Jackson's Oxf. Jrnl. 17 Mar. 7/2 The following resolution..was carried, viz.:—‘That a reserve number be given by the judges in each class of live stock’.
1939 Times 28 Aug. 15/4 A similar figure was paid..for Handcross Hero, which was reserve number in his class.
reserve price n. the figure stipulated (usually by the vendor) as the lowest acceptable price for an item being sold at auction.
ΘΚΠ
society > trade and finance > monetary value > price > [noun] > auction prices
sale price1793
starting price1805
reserve price1820
put-up price1831
reserve1854
knock-down price1888
1820 Morning Chron. 25 Aug. (advt.) Delightful Residence..—By Messrs. Robins, at the Mart, on Tuesday, Sept. 12, at twelve, without a reserve price.
1897 Musical Times 38 46/1 Rossini's original manuscript of ‘Guillaume Tell’ was sold..for £168 on a reserve price of £20.
1935 Chambers's Encycl. I. 569/1 Where, under the conditions, a sale by auction is subject to a reserve price, no contract is concluded..if the highest bid is lower than the reserve price.
2001 Ecologist May 47/2 Animals that failed to reach their reserve price were cordoned off and then sold privately, saving the dealer the auctioneer's cut.
reserve ticket n. chiefly Agriculture the designation given to the reserve (sense A. 11) for a prize; cf. reserve champion n.
ΚΠ
1874 Aberdeen Jrnl. 12 Aug. 7/2 Glendronach's, Jeweller, which stood second at Aberdeen, and got the reserve ticket at Inverness, was placed first.
1931 Times 28 Sept. 18/4 The filly foal..Elstow Choice, won her class and was awarded the reserve ticket for the best foal.
2006 Farmers Guardian (Nexis) 29 Dec. 36 Topping the trade was a newly calved heifer from Gordon Beresford, Halton West, Skipton. It won the reserve ticket and sold to Wick Williams.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2010; most recently modified version published online March 2022).
reservev.1
/rᵻˈzəːv/, U.S. /rəˈzərv/, /riˈzərv/ 1. transitive. With for, †till, to, †unto (a person, frequently oneself). Frequently in passive.
a. Christian Church. To set apart (a matter) to be dealt with by a superior authority.Originally and esp. with reference to absolution and censure for particular sins. Cf. reservation n. 2b.
ΘΚΠ
society > faith > church government > ecclesiastical discipline > court > legal process > [verb (transitive)] > transfer
reserve1357
J. Gaytryge Lay Folks' Catech. (York Min.) (1901) 56 (MED) Yit may we noght be assoiled of our false athe, Bot of our bisshop or him that has his power, For swilk cas is riuely reserved til him seluen.
?c1430 (c1400) J. Wyclif Eng. Wks. (1880) 98 Prelatis chargen more here park..þan goddis hestis... Þei receruen assoilynge for brekynge of here park to hem self.
1440 in A. H. Thompson Visitations Relig. Houses Diocese Lincoln (1919) II. 187 The punysshyng of your persone, prioresse..we reserve to our selfe.
a1525 J. Irland Of Penance & Confession in W. A. Craigie Asloan MS (1923) I. 19 The confessour suld..knaw quhidder he has powere to assolȝe him fra the syn or gif it be reseruit.
1632 R. Winterton tr. J. Gerhard Golden Chaine Divine Aphorismes xx. 342 He challengeth unto himself the Supreme power of Excommunicating, absolving, dispensing with, reserving cases, conferring indulgences, benefices, and such like.
1658 Additionals to Myst. of Jesvitisme 107 It is not lawfull for Regulars to give absolution in cases reserved to the Ordinaries of the places.
1728 E. Chambers Cycl. at Reserve Certain Cases..called reserved Cases, as being reserved to the Bishop.
1812 W. H. Coombes tr. J. Marsollier Life St. Francis of Sales II. v. 33 They were permitted to grant dispensations in matters of inferior moment; higher concerns were reserved to the Bishop.
1876 ‘P. Pyper’ Mr. Gray & Neighbours I. 97 It would be a difficult case of conscience..that he should feel bound to ‘reserve’ for his bishop.
1883 J. A. Froude Short Stud. 4th Ser. i. iii. 35 Every question..in which an ecclesiastic was a party, the Church courts had endeavoured to reserve for themselves.
1940 Speculum 15 447 He authorized them to absolve those who had been excommunicated for laying violent hands on clerks, cases which by right or privilege were reserved to the bishop.
1961 A. Butler tr. H. Daniel-Rops Protestant Reformation i. 22 The tribunal of the Sacred Rota gave judgment in cases reserved to the Holy See.
2005 L. B. Pascoe Church & Reform ii. 85 Ecclesiastical matters which because of their importance were regarded by canon law as reserved to the pope alone for final and authoritative judgement.
b. gen. To assign (a case, judgment, decision, etc.) to a superior or more competent authority. Chiefly Law in later use.
ΚΠ
c1390 in C. Brown Relig. Lyrics 14th Cent. (1924) 173 (MED) Al such demyng..Schulde beo reseruet to godes poueere.
a1439 J. Lydgate Fall of Princes (Bodl. 263) i. l. 4982 (MED) This mateer..I reserue Onto deuynys to termyne.
c1450 (c1415) in W. O. Ross Middle Eng. Serm. (1940) 121 (MED) God hathe reserved suche domes to hym-selfe.
1681 E. Everard Pressures & Grievances Protestants France 41 (heading) Process for Cases reserved to Provosts.
1710 W. Bisset Mod. Fanatick 22 [They] shifted off that part upon him, who left it also wholly untouch'd under pretence of reserving that matter to the Supreme Tribunal.
1828 A. Crichton tr. C. W. Koch Hist. Revolutions Europe I. ix. 317 All negociations for peace, truces, and alliances..were reserved to the King.
1833 J. Dymock & T. Dymock Bibliotheca Classica 490/1 The informers preferred groundless accusations against her, and the matter was reserved to the emperor.
1904 Times 19 Dec. 9/4 A point of law taken by Mr. Lawson..was reserved for the Court for Crown Cases.
1955 F. Barlow Feudal Kingdom Eng. 12 The ‘criminal’ element [of a lord's jurisdiction]..was not greatly increased when ‘infangentheof’ and some minor offences normally reserved to the king were added to it.
2001 W. F. May Beleaguered Rulers i. 52 The expansion of judicial power included..the designation of special cases reserved to judges alone.
2.
a.
(a) transitive. To set apart or keep for or (now less commonly) to oneself or another; to assign or allocate exclusively. Also occasionally without construction.
ΘΚΠ
the world > relative properties > wholeness > mutual relation of parts to whole > separation > separate [verb (transitive)] > separate from main body > to or for another
reservea1382
a1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Bodl. 959) (1959) Gen. xxvii. 36 Wheþer þou hast not reseruyd [L. reservasti]..to me..þi blyssyng?
?c1400 (c1380) G. Chaucer tr. Boethius De Consol. Philos. (BL Add. 10340) (1868) i. pr. iv. l. 331 I ne reserued [e] neuer no þing to my self.
c1475 tr. A. Chartier Quadrilogue (Univ. Coll. Oxf.) (1974) 197 It was expedient som of the goodys to reserue for [a1500 Rawl. reserve to] the prince at his neede.
1490 W. Caxton tr. Eneydos xviii. 67 In suche a wyse that no thynge I haue reserued for my selfe but that it was alle habandouned vnto the.
c1500 (?a1475) Assembly of Gods (1896) 2088 (MED) Then shall ye haue the triumphall guerdoun That God reserueth to euery creature.
a1513 R. Fabyan New Cronycles Eng. & Fraunce (1516) I. xiiii. f. viiiv The fader..for the thirde Cordeilla reserued no thynge.
a1547 Earl of Surrey Poems (1964) 17 And that I have deserved..Is to his handes reserved That never felt the smart.
1584 H. Llwyd & D. Powel Hist. Cambria 101 After the death of Edward to reserue the crowne to the dukes use.
1607 E. Topsell Hist. Foure-footed Beastes 72 [Some] buy Kye and let them forth to farme, reseruing the calfe to themselues.
1643 J. Caryl Expos. 3 First Chaps. Iob i. 61 Of other Sacrifices, as the sinne-offering,..there were parts..reserved for the Priest.
1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost ix. 768 Was..to us deni'd This intellectual food, for beasts reserv'd ? View more context for this quotation
1714 R. Hunter Androboros ii. iii. 15 [They] have freely offer'd..to divide with us the Commerce of the World, generously resigning and yeilding to us that of the two Poles, reserving to themselves only what may lie between e'm.
1762 H. Walpole Vertue's Anecd. Painting II. i. 13 He commonly made duplicates of his pictures, reserving one of each for himself.
1779 W. Jones Let. 19 July (1970) 301 Remember to reserve for me a copy of your book.
1810 W. Scott Lady of Lake ii. 91 Thy churlish courtesy for those Reserve, who fear to be thy foes.
1824 Excursion U.S. & Canada 408 They are induced to sell their lands..although they generally reserve a small tract for themselves.
1874 J. R. Green Short Hist. Eng. People ii. §7. 95 [He] exacted from him..a humiliation which men reserved for the deadliest of their foes.
1916 A. Girault Colonial Tariff Policy France i. 37 The colonies were a private domain, and it was quite natural for the proprietor to reserve them to himself.
1959 News Chron. 13 Aug. 4/1 It should still be..possible to allow those who smoke to do so..on a bus top, reserving the lower deck to those who find the habit revolting.
1961 A. J. Schmidt Yeoman in Tudor & Stuart Eng. 25 One final treat Adam reserved for himself was a pipeful of tobacco.
2001 B. Sloan I watched Wild Hog eat my Baby i. 27 Their most blatantly sensational crime coverage was reserved for ordinary people caught up in lurid murder cases.
(b) transitive. In passive, with reference to a historically significant event, achievement, etc.
ΚΠ
1690 J. Locke Two Treat. Govt. i. xi. 174 But this discovery it seems was reserved for our A—— to make 2 or 3000 Years after, and let him injoy the Credit of it.
1732 G. Berkeley Alciphron I. ii. i. 68 This Discovery was reserved to our times.
1833 N. Arnott Elements Physics (ed. 5) II. 100 It was reserved for Mr. Dalton to make the admirable discovery [etc.].
1866 J. Bryce Holy Rom. Empire (new ed.) xiii. 225 The third and crowning triumph of the Holy See was reserved for the thirteenth century.
1954 F. Courtney Cardinal R. Pullen iii. 59 It was reserved to St. Thomas to find a metaphysical solution for the agnosticism of the grammarians.
2006 B. Newman Frauenlob's Song of Songs ii. 85 It was reserved for Frauenlob to assert, in effect, that the Cross is Mary.
b. transitive. Christian Church. To set apart (a benefice) for presentation by the Pope. Cf. reservation n. 2a. Now historical.
ΘΚΠ
society > faith > worship > benefice > [verb (transitive)] > set apart benefices for presentation by pope
reservea1387
a1387 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden Polychron. (St. John's Cambr.) (1882) VIII. 309 He [sc. the Pope] reserved [L. reservavit] to hym self þe firste benefice þat voyded by deeþ, by resignacioun, oþer by translacioun.
c1400 Last Age of Church (1840) p.xxiv (MED) No more schulde fatte beneficis be reserued þanne smale, ȝif no pryuy cause of symonye were tretide.
1584 J. Rainolds & J. Hart Summe of Conf. 384 [Clemens VI] hauing made new Cardinals, reserued the benefices in England that were void, and should be void next,..to the summe of two thousand markes, and for them he prouided two Cardinalls to be their pastours.
1715 Bp. G. Burnet Hist. Reformation III. i. 8 Only one Benefice might be reserved from a Collator of 10.
1734 J. Baker Hist. Inquisition ix. 116 A Rescript of Pius V. in which he reserves all Benefices..vacant for the Crime of Heresy committed by any one, to the Nomination and Appointment of the Apostolick See.
1820 G. Miller Lect. Philos. Mod. Hist. IV. 563 Instead of reserving benefices arbitrarily, he obtained the positive right of collation during six alternate months in each year.
1927 H. Belloc Hist. Eng. II. 13 The Papal Court reserved benefices to itself..to the loss and exasperation of lay presenters.
2005 K. Plger Eng. & Avignon Popes 42 It [sc. the decretal Licet ecclesiarum]..claimed the pope's exclusive authority to reserve benefices whose holders had died at the papal court to his disposition.
c. transitive. Frequently with for, to, †unto. To retain (a prerogative, right, entitlement, etc.), esp. for one's own use; to lay claim to, esp. exclusively; (sometimes) spec. to retain or secure entitlement to (an asset, esp. a payment or sum of money) by formal stipulation.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > possession > retaining > retain or keep [verb (transitive)] > for oneself or another
reserve1399
withholdc1430
society > law > transfer of property > transfer [verb (transitive)] > retain interest in property transferred
reserve1399
the mind > attention and judgement > testing > attestation, witness, evidence > qualification > modify, qualify [verb (transitive)] > stipulate for
reserve1399
provide1423
patise1542
condition1549
covenant1577
stipule1623
stipulate1685
society > law > administration of justice > process, writ, warrant, or order > [verb (transitive)] > serve with writ > again
reserve1399
1399 Rolls of Parl.: Henry IV (Electronic ed.) Parl. Oct. 1399 Pleas §9. m. 2 He wille be counseld by his lordes..reservyng evermore to hym self that dignite of his grace..os it longes to his real astate.
a1402 J. Trevisa tr. R. Fitzralph Defensio Curatorum (Harl.) (1925) 54 (MED) Teþingis beþ reserued and dewe to hym of whom we fongeþ al þat we haueþ.
1439 in F. B. Bickley Little Red Bk. Bristol (1900) II. 152 (MED) Reseruyng to yow and to your successoures plein poair atte all tymes to repelle, vndo, make lesse, and encrese the same ordenauns to youre pleser.
a1475 in A. Clark Eng. Reg. Godstow Nunnery (1905) i. 132 (MED) Þe abbas reseruid to her selfe..þe goinge a-geine to all quarell þat she had bi-fore a-geiniste him.
1530 St. German's Secunde Dyaloge Doctour & Student xxii. f. lv If a man make a feffement & reserue the profytes..that reseruacyon ys voyde in the lawe.
1540 Act 32 Hen. VIII c. 1 Saving alway and reserving to the King..all his right title and interest of prymer season and reliefis, and..all other rightes and dueties.
a1599 E. Spenser View State Ireland 4 in J. Ware Two Hist. Ireland (1633) [They] acknowledged King Henry for theyr Soveraigne Lord, reserving yet..unto themselves all their owne former priviledges.
1641 Rastell's Termes de la Ley (new ed.) f. 242v If a lease bee mad for yeares of ground, reserving the great trees growing upon the same,..the lessee may not meddle with them.
1658 Rec. for Charles Countie in J. H. Pleasants Arch. Maryland (1936) LIII. 6 It is ordered..that the Defen[dant] giue the Plant[iff] a firme new bil of Saile..resaruing to him selfe the benefit of landing and Spring water upon the sayd land.
1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost xii. 71 Man over men He made not Lord; such title to himself Reserving . View more context for this quotation
1712 Hist. Treaty Utrecht 259 He reserves a Right and Liberty of making new Demands, as the Course of the Negociations may require.
1774 Decisions Court of Session till 1764 1 498 A father having reserved a faculty to burden the estate with wadsets,..this was not found a real burden.
1834 T. Pringle Afr. Sketches xiv. 473 Reserving to the chiefs certain rights of seigniory over the respective domains.
1883 Law Rep.: Queen's Bench Div. 11 575 The tenant is not concluded by the amount of rent which may have been reserved on the premises.
1892 Glasgow Herald 18 Oct. 4/2 The Government, when the minimum tariff was adopted, reserved the prerogative of signing treaties of commerce.
1929 Yale Law Jrnl. 38 992 [He] mortgaged his stock of goods to the defendant.., reserving for himself the privilege of sale in the ordinary course of business.
1944 W. T. Cresswell in R. Greenhalgh Pract. Builder xv. 423/2 The insurers usually reserve to themselves the right or option of reinstating damage by fire as an alternative to the payment of the insurance money.
1992 World (BBC) Apr. 83/4 Naturally sensitive about anything pertaining to his city yet reserving the right to be as caustic as he pleases about it himself.
2004 M. P. Gerace Mil. Power, Conflict & Trade i. 27 The United States did not ratify the Declaration, partly because it wished to reserve the option of using privateers for the future.
d. transitive. Chiefly Law. To set apart (a portion of rent) to be paid in a specified commodity.
ΘΚΠ
society > trade and finance > fees and taxes > hire or rent > rent (land or real property) > [verb (transitive)] > set apart portion of rent
reserve1575
1575–6 Act 18 Eliz. c. 6 §1 That thone thirde parte at the leaste of tholde Rente be reserved and paide in Corne for the saide Colleges.
1663 F. Philipps Antiq. Præ-emption & Pourveyance for King viii. 443 The third part of the Colledges yearly Rents and Revenues should be for ever paid and reserved in Corn, Malt, and other provisions for house-keeping.
1766 W. Blackstone Comm. Laws Eng. II. xx. 318 Antiently the greater part of rents were reserved in provisions.
1776 A. Smith Inq. Wealth of Nations I. i. v. 40 The rents which have been reserved in corn have preserved their value much better than those which have been reserved in money. View more context for this quotation
1863 C. Senior Hand-bk. Income Tax Law & Pract. viii. 92 Where the whole or part of the rent is reserved in corn or grain, then the estimate of the annual value is to be made on [etc.].
1922 Virginia Law Rev. 8 330 Rent..involves an essentially active obligation by the burdened land; and that is especially true when the rent is reserved in kind.
1996 W. Thwaites in A. Randall & A. Charlesworth Markets, Market Culture & Pop. Protest 18th-cent. Brit. & Ireland vii. 143 It was enacted [in 1575] that one-third of the rents of Oxford college properties should be reserved in wheat and malt.
e. transitive. To arrange for (a room, seat, ticket, etc.) to be kept for a particular person; to book. In later use frequently without construction. Also (occasionally) intransitive.
ΘΚΠ
society > communication > record > written record > record in writing [verb (transitive)]
writeeOE
awriteeOE
markOE
titlea1325
record1340
registera1393
accordc1450
chronicle1460
to write upa1475
calendar1487
enrol1530
prickc1540
scripture1540
to set down1562
report1600
reservea1616
tabulatea1646
to take down1651
actuate1658
to commit to writing (also paper)1695
to mark down1881
slate1883
a1616 W. Shakespeare Macbeth (1623) iii. iv. 45 Macb. The Table's full. Lennox. Heere is a place reseru'd Sir. View more context for this quotation
1695 Ld. Lonsdale in Eng. Hist. Rev. Jan. (1915) 93 The Prince had reserved for me the Vice Chamberlain's place.
1725 W. Broome in A. Pope et al. tr. Homer Odyssey III. xiii. Observ. 140 It was an ancient custom to invite Kings and Legislators to all publick feasts..: and the chief seat was always reserved for the chief Magistrate.
1766 in Westm. Gaz. 22 Apr. (1910) 2/3 The seats in the House of Commons were begun to be taken for the members by pinning down a ticket with their names in such seats as they chose, which were reserved for them till prayers began.
1864 D. G. Rossetti Let. 5 July (1965) II. 513 He will reserve for me his two pit tickets for Mirella tonight.
1878 P. Merritt & G. Conquest Velvet & Rags i. i. 12 How many rooms shall I reserve?
1903 W. B. Yeats Let. 25 Sept. (1994) III. 432 It may make it difficult for you to offer to reserve seats at the first five performances.
1938 L. Bemelmans Life Class (1939) ii. vii. 197 Political discourses at his Stammtisch, the table regularly reserved for him and his group of friends, at the Löwenbräu.
1967 L. Deighton Expensive Place iii. 23 What say to La Coupole? It's one of the few places..where we don't have to reserve.
2008 Play: N.Y. Times Sports Mag. June 27 (advt.) Introducing the Sports Museum of America... Daily capacity is limited, so reserve your timed-tickets today.
3. † e. transitive (reflexive). To hold back from action or involvement in a matter or concern. Also with up. Obsolete.
a. transitive. To keep back or set aside for future use or for a later occasion; to put by, store up; to refrain from using, deploying, etc., immediately. Frequently with for or until (formerly †to).
ΘΚΠ
the mind > possession > supply > storage > store [verb (transitive)] > reserve
reservea1382
keepa1400
sparea1400
savea1450
to put by1568
to put aside1569
to set byc1595
sepose1609
seposit1657
to lay aside1711
to set away1747
to lay by1786
to lay (also put) past1847
to put away1861
a1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(1)) (1850) Ecclus. xxviii. 5 He whil he is flesh, reserueth ire, and mercy asketh of God.
a1425 (a1400) Prick of Conscience (Galba & Harl.) (1863) 3928 (MED) Þus pardon in purgatory availles..bot som clerkes counsailles Þat we it spare and reserve halely Until we com til purgatory.
c1430 N. Love Mirror Blessed Life (Brasenose e.9) (1908) 127 (MED) It is leuefulle to goddis seruauntes forto haue money and reserue it to hir nede.
?a1450 tr. Macer Herbal (Stockh.) (1949) 122 (MED) Þei cutten..þe popie bolle, and þe mylk þat comeþ out þer-of þey takyn and reseruyn hit drye.
a1595 R. Southwell Humble Supplication (1600) 78 I leaue the slaunders forged against Priests, after theyr Executions, purposely reserued till the parties were past answering.
1621 T. W. tr. S. Goulart Wise Vieillard 123 Pleasure seemes to reserue her dainties to the last, and for the last seruice and messe.
1651 ‘A. B.’ tr. L. Lessius Sir Walter Rawleigh's Ghost 300 The which remunerations and recompensations, seeing they are not ever payed in this life,..are to be reserved for the life to come.
1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost viii. 50 Such pleasure she reserv'd, Adam relating, she sole Auditress. View more context for this quotation
1718 Lady M. W. Montagu Let. 31 July (1965) I. 427 I..have reserv'd my thanks to the conclusion.
1799 W. Sandford Pract. Remarks Wine & Spirits 143 It is part of wisdom to be as sparing as possible, in the expenditure of this excitability, during the earlier parts of life, that more may be reserved for a later period.
1824 J. H. Newman Hist. Sketches (1873) II. ii. xi. 294 The appeal to the gentler emotions of the soul is reserved..for the close of his oration.
1855 Friends' Intelligencer 15 Sept. 415/1 He dug, for each tree, a hole... The top soil he carefully reserved, but the sub-soil he rejected.
1897 M. Kingsley Trav. W. Afr. 319 He keeps steadily at it in his way, reserving his roysterings until he is settled in life.
1911 F. M. Farmer Catering for Special Occasions vii. 168 Wash oysters and reserve soft portions.
1943 A. Rand Fountainhead ii. xii. 376 The attorney had reserved Dominique for his climax.
1995 Field Mar. 83/1 It is customary to reserve this call for the last 20 strokes of the race.
b. transitive. To keep back or hold over to a later time or place or for further consideration; to defer discussion, decision, or declaration in regard to (a matter). With for, to (formerly also with other prepositions), until . (In quot. 1634 with infinitive as object.) Cf. to reserve (one's) judgement at Phrases 1.
ΘΚΠ
the world > time > a suitable time or opportunity > untimeliness > delay or postponement > delay [verb (transitive)] > for later treatment or consideration
reservec1384
to put in suspense1421
resplait1447
to put in resplait1452
to leave over?c1475
sleep1519
refer1559
suspend1581
seposit1657
pigeonhole1840
shelve1847
table1849
pend1953
c1384 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Royal) (1850) Jude i. 6 Aungels that kepten not his princehed..he reseruede [L. reservavit] in to the doom of greet God.
c1485 ( G. Hay Bk. Law of Armys (2005) 68 God reseruis till his jugement all secrete misdedis.
a1500 tr. A. Chartier Traité de l'Esperance (Rawl.) (1974) 42 (MED) Where is thanne the divine iustice, or to what tyme is she reseruid whanne she may nat helpe vs nor amende our myscheves whanne we haue most nede vnto hir?
1535 Bible (Coverdale) 2 Pet. ii. 9 How to reserue the vniust vnto the daye of iudgment for to be punyshed.
1581 G. Pettie tr. S. Guazzo Ciuile Conuersat. (1586) ii. 52 It shall suffice for this time to discourse onelie of publike Conuersation, and the other wee will reserue for tomorrow.
1634 W. Tirwhyt tr. J. L. G. de Balzac Lett. 53 I will reserve to speak as I ought of this rare vertue, till my great work come to light.
1658 E. Phillips New World Eng. Words Retention, in Common-law,..when a Court pronounceth not a full arrest, or judgement, but reserves somewhat to be afterwards ordered.
1715 J. Addison Spectator No. 556. ¶2 I shall reserve for another time the History of such Club or Clubs.
1770 W. Hooper tr. J. F. von Bielfeld Lett. III. viii. 106 I have only given you these matters in gross, reserving for our conversation the detail of what you shall wish to know.
1800 R. Bisset Douglas II. v. 193 Reserving farther discussion of this subject for a future period, he turned the conversation on subjects of literature and science.
1838 C. Thirlwall Hist. Greece V. 217 The great rebellion.., as it is not immediately connected with the affairs of Greece, we reserve for more particular notice in another place.
1878 T. H. Huxley Physiography (ed. 2) 72 Its full discussion must be reserved for the next chapter.
1906 Times 15 Feb. 14/5 The schedule of contumacy was read by the Registrar and signed by the Archbishop, reserving the penalties to a future day.
1957 J. Bayley Romantic Survival vii. 71 The analyst..would reserve his opinion until he could see what the poet was getting at.
2000 K. Smith in G. Kennedy Merchant Marine Internat. Affairs vi. 167 Salter reserved for future consideration the possibility that such high-level appeals might occasionally be needed.
c. transitive. Christian Church. To retain or preserve (a portion of the consecrated elements, esp. of the bread) for certain purposes after the celebration of the Eucharist. Also intransitive. Cf. reservation n. 3.
ΘΚΠ
society > faith > worship > sacrament > communion > mass > celebrate mass [verb (transitive)] > preserve elements
reservea1500
pyx1545
a1500 (?c1425) Speculum Sacerdotale (1936) 111 The body of Crist is reseruyd and kept in the day of Cena Domini... Wyne is moyste and may noȝt wele be kept and may of necligence be lykkyd, and þerfore it is noȝt reseruyd.
1549 Bk. Common Prayer (STC 16267) Visitacion of Sicke f. xxii* And yf thesame daye there be a celebracion of the holy communion in the churche, then shall the priest reserue (at the open communion) so muche of the sacrament..as shall serue the sicke person.
a1626 L. Andrewes Opuscula Quædam Posthuma (1629) ii. 6 Against the time of extremity it was thought not amiss to have it reserved.
1699 Bp. G. Burnet Expos. 39 Articles (1700) xxviii. 342 We can bear with the practice of the Greek Church, of reserving and sending about the Eucharist, when there is no Idolatry joyned with it.
1737 R. Challoner Catholick Christian Instructed xxiii. 220 The Place where the blessed Sacrament is reserved in the Church in order for the Office of Good-Friday..is by the People called the Sepulchre.
1758 S. Redford Important Inq. (ed. 2) App. 397 They offer up and shew the people the Sacrament reserved on those two solemn days.
1832 W. Palmer Origines Liturg. II. viii. 229 The custom of the Christian Church has been to reserve the sacraments of Christ's body and blood from the public liturgy, and not to consecrate them in private.
1849 D. Rock Church of our Fathers III. ii. xi. 41 A portion of the eucharist, under one kind alone, was always reserved in the church, from each mass to the other.
1867 G. F. Cobb Kiss of Peace 171 With such a usage, it is obviously a great practical advantage to be enabled to reserve in one kind only.
1900 L. T. Dibdin Reservation of Sacrament 4 Do you reserve in both kinds?
1920 Harvard Theol. Rev. 13 397 The long-continued practice in the American Church of reserving the sacrament for adoration as well as for use in Communion.
2000 Oxf. Compan. Christian Thought 80/2 In the pyx where the sacrament was reserved for the sick.
d. transitive (reflexive). To keep oneself in reserve for a future occasion, eventuality, etc.
ΚΠ
1577 H. Bull tr. M. Luther Comm. 15 Psalmes (new ed.) 97 The heathen Poet sayd: Endure and reserue yourselues for more happy thinges.
1647 J. Howell New Vol. of Lett. 241 Farewell, my noble friend, cheere up, and reserve your self for better dayes.
1724 J. Gay Captives i. i. 3 Retreat, my friends; let us reserve ourselves For some more prosp'rous hour.
1757 C. Arnold Osman iv. iv. 76 Osman. My Queen! what say you? let me have your Thoughts. Aphendina. I would reserve myself for after hearing.
1829 H. Smith New Forest II. vii. 175 I must reserve myself for Friday.
1874 J. Parker Paraclete i. v. 56 Little natures reserve themselves for great occasions: majestic natures make all occasions great.
1923 W. S. Davis Life Mediaeval Barony iii. 43 The jongleurs ordinarily reserve themselves for the evenings.
1994 Independent (Nexis) 14 Feb. 36 I've trained harder in the last few weeks in the knowledge that I didn't have to reserve myself for a Saturday match.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > behaviour > good behaviour > restrained or moderate behaviour > exercise moderation or restraint [verb (reflexive)]
hold971
withholdc1200
containc1290
keep1340
restraina1387
refrainc1450
retaina1500
attemper1548
retract1548
temper1560
reserve1586
check1833
the world > action or operation > inaction > not doing > abstaining or refraining from action > abstain or refrain from action [verb (reflexive)] > avoid or shun > avoid duty or work
feignc1300
reserve1586
1586 King James VI in H. Ellis Orig. Lett. Eng. Hist. (1824) 1st Ser. III. 14 Reserve up youre self na langer in the earnist dealing for my Mother.
1642 King Charles I Answer xix. Propositions Parl. 1 The Cabalists of this businesse have with great Prudence reserved themselves.
1670 G. Havers tr. G. Leti Il Cardinalismo di Santa Chiesa i. i. 16 It is the custom of the Italians, to constrain and reserve themselves as much as possibly.
1799 J. Grahame Wallace ii. vi. 35 Think not of vengeance, noble Wallace, now. I do entreat you to reserve yourself.
4. † a. transitive. To retain or preserve alive or unscathed; to save from death, disaster, etc. Obsolete.† c. transitive. To retain (a person) in one's service. Obsolete.† d. transitive. To leave unaltered. Obsolete. rare.† e. transitive. To leave untouched or intact; to refrain from removing or destroying. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > safety > protection or defence > preservation from injury or destruction > preserve from injury or destruction [verb (transitive)] > preserve alive or spare the life of
reservea1382
savea1382
preservea1393
reprise?1567
a1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Bodl. 959) (1959) Gen. xii. 12 Þey schal slee me, & þe þey schall reserue [a1425 L.V. kepe; L. reservabunt].
a1425 Rev. Methodius in J. Trevisa Dialogus Militem et Clericum (1925) 97 (MED) Noe..schuld ilede his wife & iij sones wiþ þe wyues of hem, whiche he reserued (or kepte) in þe flowinge of þe flode.
c1440 S. Scrope tr. C. de Pisan Epist. of Othea (St. John's Cambr.) (1970) 66 He wanne the flees of goold; wherbi he had worschip aboue alle knyghtis lyuynge, and be Meede was reserued from deth.
a1450 tr. Aelred of Rievaulx De Institutione Inclusarum (Bodl.) (1984) 23 The and suche other that ben clene and hool in lymes, he hath kepte and reserued from alle suche meschefs.
a1500 Twelve Profits of Tribulation (Rawl.) in C. Horstmann Yorkshire Writers (1896) II. 401 (MED) Tribulacion reseruith [a1500 Harl. kepeth; L. Preservat] the frome fallynge into dette.
1555 R. Eden in tr. Peter Martyr of Angleria Decades of Newe Worlde Pref. sig. aijv Reseruynge such as were ouercome in the warres, and conuertynge them to a better mynde.
1592 T. Kyd Spanish Trag. i. sig. A4v Men of warre, Such as warres fortune hath reseru'd from death.
1625 F. Bacon Ess. (new ed.) 330 In the other two Destructions,..the Remnant of People, which hap to be reserued, are commonly Ignorant and Mountanous People.
1684 tr. A. O. Exquemelin Bucaniers Amer. iii. 37 The Prisoners being all dead and annihilated (excepting onely two, whom they reserved to shew them what they desired) they marched from hence unto the Town of San Pedro.
1769 O. Goldsmith Rom. Hist. I. xi. 127 Their captains and generals he made prisoners of war, being reserved to adorn his triumph.
1797 C. Fox in tr. A. Ahmad Aks-i partaw: Series of Poems Introd. p. xvii [He] not only over-ran, but desolated countries..and leading into Tartarian slavery, those still more cruelly reserved from slaughter.
1817 J. Hackett Jrnl. 18 Dec. in Narr. Exped. to join S. Amer. Patriots (1818) 60 Such of the nuns as were reserved from slaughter, were carried away with them as victims of their brutality.
1895 W. J. Abbot C. H. Harrison ii. 34 He saw his closest associates brained by the savages' tomahawks, and supposed himself reserved from death only for torture.
b. transitive. With object complement. To keep or maintain (a person or thing) in a particular state or condition. Now archaic and rare (in later use chiefly in to reserve alive: cf. sense 4a).
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > safety > protection or defence > preservation from injury or destruction > preserve from injury or destruction [verb (transitive)] > preserve from decay, loss, or destruction > preserve in certain condition
maintaina1400
reservec1400
c1400 Bk. to Mother (Bodl.) 167 (MED) Angelis þat kepten not þer state he reseruede in euerlastinge peine.
?1518 A. Barclay Fyfte Eglog sig. Avjv But suche as were fayre, and of theyr stature ryght As wyse and subtyle, reserued she in syght.
1526 W. Bonde Pylgrimage of Perfection iii. sig. DDDii He was euermore quyet and restfull in hymselfe, and reserued his spirit euer at libertye.
1592 Countess of Pembroke tr. R. Garnier Antonius iv. sig. L4 You euer-liuing Gods..which..subiect to no chaunge Chaunge all, reseruing nothing in one state.
a1616 W. Shakespeare Measure for Measure (1623) v. i. 464 One in the prison That should by priuate order else haue dide, I haue reseru'd aliue. View more context for this quotation
1632 W. Lithgow Totall Disc. Trav. ii. 73 He reserueth vnder his commaund, fourty thousand..Horse-men.
1633 T. Heywood Eng. Traveller ii. i Till that day come, you shall reserve yourself A single man.
1736 Compl. Family-piece ii. i. 217 Sometimes he [sc. the fox] is reserved alive, and hunted another Day.
1821 W. Grimshaw Hist. U.S. (ed. 2) xi. 227 The public property destroyed was immense, and that which was reserved uninjured amounted in value to at least half a million of dollars.
1876 Med. Times & Gaz. 23 Dec. 138/2 The tumor..was reserved entire for examination, and with it a fragment of liver and a kidney.
1909 H. R. Haggard Yellow God viii. 142 Save a few whom they reserved alive, they killed them mercilessly.
1946 F. Martin Hunting of Silver Fleece vii. 66 The men and aged were killed at once, the women reserved alive for warriors' delight.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > possession > retaining > retain or keep [verb (transitive)] > attached to one's person or service
at-holdc1200
withholdc1300
retain1449
reservea1529
a1529 J. Skelton Magnyfycence (?1530) sig. Eiiii Thynke you with magnyfycence I shal be reserued.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > possession > retaining > retain or keep [verb (transitive)] > keep, maintain, or preserve > unaltered
reserve1597
1597 T. Morley Plaine & Easie Introd. Musicke 95 Phi. You blamed my beginning, yet haue you altred it nothing. Ma. I haue indeede reserued your beginning.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > safety > protection or defence > preservation from injury or destruction > preserve from injury or destruction [verb (transitive)] > abstain from injuring, destroying, or removing
sparec897
reserve1634
retain1683
1634 T. Herbert Relation Some Yeares Trauaile 146 Some reserue a locke vpon the top of the head.
a1679 W. Outram 20 Serm. (1682) 304 These men must find out some distinctions whereby they may..reserve that hand.
5. † c. transitive. To make an exception of, or in favour of (a thing or person); to except or exempt (a person) from something. Obsolete.Also postpositively in past participle (in quot. 1587: with out prejudice or offence to ——, saving ——). Cf. reserved conj. and prep.
a. transitive. Chiefly with for. To set apart or keep (a thing) apart for a particular use or purpose, or with a particular end in view. Formerly also with †to, and with subordinate clause.Not always distinguishable from sense 3a.
ΘΚΠ
the world > relative properties > wholeness > mutual relation of parts to whole > separation > separate [verb (transitive)] > separate from main body > for a purpose
reservec1410
separate1526
to set apart1711
to set aside1720
seclude1771
ring-fence1870
c1410 tr. R. Higden Polychron. (St. John's Cambr.) (1879) VII. 95 He wasted þe south marche, sleynge þe males, reservynge þe females to his lust.
1415 in F. J. Furnivall Fifty Earliest Eng. Wills (1882) 23 (MED) I woll that Isabell my wyfe haue..all my corne..oute take xl quarters of wete reserued to fullfell with my wille.
1453 in J. Raine Testamenta Eboracensia (1855) II. 189 (MED) I will..that xx marc be kept and reservid for all my small dettis.
1463 in S. Tymms Wills & Inventories Bury St. Edmunds (1850) 31 I wil mine ffeffes and executours so it hurte not the sale, reserve the gardyn that it may longe to the longe tyled hous.
1542 in C. Rogers Rental Bk. Cupar-Angus (1880) II. 194 Tway akaris reseruit out of the said tway parceis for keiping of the woid.
a1599 E. Spenser View State Ireland 5 in J. Ware Two Hist. Ireland (1633) They vse to place him that shalbe their Captaine, upon a stone alwayes reserved for that purpose, & placed commonly upon a hill.
1617 F. Moryson Itinerary iii. 69 That the whole roome towards the streets may be reserved for shoppes.
1637 Decree Starre-Chamber conc. Printing xxxiii. sig. H4v Euery Printer shall reserue one Book..and shall..deliuer it to the Officer..to be sent to the Librarie at Oxford.
1714 in Essex Inst. Hist. Coll. (1883) XX. 179 Voated that the Neck of Land..be granted and reserved for the use of the Town of Salem for a pasture for Milch Cows and Rideing Horses.
1788 E. Gibbon Decline & Fall V. l. 175 Their powers are reserved for the moments of flight and pursuit.
1817 J. Mill Hist. Brit. India II. iv. v. 162 Jaffier..offered to accept of his mediation; reserving in his mind the use of every clandestine effort to accomplish his own designs.
1891 ‘S. C. Scrivener’ Our Fields & Cities xiii. 112 The 300 acres reserved (for poor men's gardens).
1910 F. Howkins Housing Acts 1890–1909 ix. 125 Certain portions of the area would be reserved for the erection of better class residences.
1970 G. Scott-Heron Vulture i. 17 The Easter suits stayed in the closet. They were reserved for your burial.
1999 BBC Top Gear Mag. June 182/3 Both of these people carriers..frequently end up as second cars reserved for school runs, holidays and little day trips.
b. transitive. To set (a person) apart for some fate, destiny, end, etc. Formerly also with †to, and with infinitive. Now rare.
ΘΚΠ
the world > relative properties > wholeness > mutual relation of parts to whole > separation > separate [verb (transitive)] > separate from main body > for a purpose > specifically a person
reserve1513
1513 G. Douglas tr. Virgil Æneid v. xi. 52 O pepill vnhappy, to quhat mischevous end Fortoun reservis ȝow of this warld to wend?
1567 W. Painter Palace of Pleasure II. xiii. f. 81v The Gods haue made all thyngs mortall, hauing reserued onely themselues to bee immortall.
1595 S. Daniel First Fowre Bks. Ciuile Warres i. cix. sig. F3 Now reserued in our age To home confusion and disordered rage.
1645 J. Howell Epistolæ Ho-elianæ i. xxv. 49 I hope God hath reserv'd me for a better destiny.
1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost ii. 161 We are decreed, Reserv'd and destin'd to Eternal woe. View more context for this quotation
1704 D. Defoe in 15th Rep. Royal Comm. Hist. MSS (1897) App. iv. 88 What Providence has reserved for me he only knows.
1763 D. Mallet Elvira i. viii. 12 I came the willing victim of your love, Resign'd, devoted to whatever fate Heaven may reserve for either!
1826 W. Scott Woodstock II. vii. 187 Good God! for what am I reserved!
1876 Bulwer-Lytton's Pausanias (ed. 2) i. i. 27 Worthy of the destinies for which I foresee that the son of Miltiades is reserved.
1964 B. M. W. Knox Heroic Temper i. 7 Even Oedipus at Thebes knows obscurely..that the gods have reserved him for some special destiny.
ΘΚΠ
the world > relative properties > kind or sort > individual character or quality > quality of being exclusive > exclude [verb (transitive)] > except
to take outc1175
out-takec1390
outnima1400
excludec1400
outcepta1470
reserve1523
except1530
exempt1548
to put by1594
abate1598
exemea1600
bate1619
rescinda1687
to tell out1812
to tell out of ——1812
exception1845
1523 Ld. Berners tr. J. Froissart Cronycles I. ccclxxxvi. 656 For they knowe well ynoughe howe ye were in Scotlande, wherfore they shulde haue reserued you.
a1535 T. More Dialoge of Comfort (1553) ii. xviii. sig. L.viiiv There be very fewe..reserued also, but that they set theyr heartes very sore theron.
1579 T. North tr. Plutarch Liues 435 And the sea being hie wrought..made shipwrackes of them, the Admirall onely reserued.
1586 R. P. tr. D. Ortúñez de Calahorra Third Pt. Mirrour of Knighthood f. 170v The knight of the Sunne you may esteeme him as wholie your owne, sauing one thing which I doe reserue from your subiection, which is my soule.
1587 A. Fleming et al. Holinshed's Chron. (new ed.) III. 1010/1 But the reuerence of these writers reserued, this cannot be true concerning the church.
1613 S. Purchas Pilgrimage ix. ix. 725 The old Men, Women, and sick Folks, were reserued from this Tribute.
1635 F. Quarles Emblemes i. i. 5 Our great Creator did, Reserve this Tree, and this alone forbid.
a1806 S. Horsley Serm. (1816) II. xxii. 211 In this same decree, which so remarkably reserves the abstinence from blood, the Sabbath is not at all reserved as a thing either of necessity or expedience.
d. transitive. To exempt (a person) from military service, esp. in wartime, because he or she is engaged in an important civilian occupation; to class (a civilian occupation) as of such importance that many of those employed in it are exempted from military service. Usually in passive. See also reserved adj. 2e. Now historical.
ΘΚΠ
society > armed hostility > military organization > enlistment or recruitment > discharge from service > [verb (transitive)] > exempt from service
reserve1915
1915 Local Govt. Board Circular No. R.4: 1st Suppl. 1 Mechanics and electricians engaged in the maintenance and repair of tools and machinery, engine men and stokers..have already been reserved in all trades.
1922 Encycl. Brit. XXXI. 705/2 In a public announcement the list of starred occupations subsequently reserved was set out as follows: [etc.].
1940 Economist 20 July 73/2 He [sc. Ernest Bevin]..is transferring persons to war work by pressure and persuasion rather than by compulsion. An early example of this was the raising of the reservation age in certain industries while postponing the date, so that men below the new age limit could..transfer into war jobs where they would still be reserved.
1950 O. Blakeston Pink Ribbon ii. 27 Then..along came the war... I was ‘reserved’ because of my occupation.
1993 J. T. Sumida in J. A. Lynn Feeding Mars x. 219 By July of 1915, of the total of 480,000 male workers reserved from military service on account of their occupations, 400,000..were those engaged in production for the Admiralty.
6. † c. transitive. Of a place: to constitute a location where (a thing) exists or may exist; to contain, retain, hold. Obsolete. rare.
a. transitive. To continue to have, possess, or show (a characteristic, quality, mark, etc.); to preserve, retain. Now rare.Common in the late 16th and early 17th centuries.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > possession > retaining > retain or keep [verb (transitive)] > retain a quality or characteristic
keepc1315
reservec1425
retain?a1475
c1425 J. Lydgate Troyyes Bk. (Augustus A.iv) v. 1645 (MED) Pite was noon in his brest reseruyd, But quitte hir fully as she haþ disservid.
1550 T. Cranmer Def. Sacrament f. 74 They saye that he reserueth the formes and apparances of bread & wyne, and turneth them into the Uerite of his fleshe and bloud.
1570 G. Buchanan Chamæleon in Vernac. Writings (1892) 53 [He] threatenit schamefullie (gif he had reservit any schame) the quenis maiestie of Ingland.
1585 T. Washington tr. N. de Nicolay Nauigations Turkie iv. xx. 134 Armenia the greater, nowe called Turcomania, and Armenia the lesser, which yet reserueth his name.
1600 W. Cornwallis Ess. I. xxii. sig. M4 I mislike not a common Affability so it reserue the state of the party, for otherwise it is not humility, it is basenesse.
1632 W. Lithgow Totall Disc. Trav. ix. 405 I had done that..which neuer man had done before me reseruing life.
1665 T. Herbert Some Years Trav. (new ed.) 305 The Persians had this Character of old,..of all men the most civil; which disposition they reserve unto this day.
1726 G. Leoni tr. L. B. Alberti Architecture I. 45/2 A liquid..substance, which..when harden'd..reserves in the mass the original figure of its parts.
1829 J. F. Davis tr. Fortunate Union II. 260 Who should know that, within these walls, There is a Mowtan which still reserves its sweets.
1898 P. Ingraham Land of Legendary Lore xxvi. 177 The house is now the property of Colonel Charles Chipley, who has done much to improve it, yet it still reserves its old time attractive features.
1995 R. J. Dent Chesapeake Prehist. 97 Even though archaeology has matured as a discipline, it still reserves a certain fascination for the earliest materials.
b. transitive. To keep in one's possession, to retain; to preserve (an object). Now rare.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > possession > retaining > retain or keep [verb (transitive)]
holda855
haveeOE
witec1000
at-holdc1175
withholdc1200
keepc1400
reserve?a1439
retain1449
detain1541
to stick to ——1560
contain1600
to make good1606
preserve1617
inhold1726
to hang on to1873
a1439 J. Lydgate Fall of Princes (Bodl. 263) i. l. 4886 (MED) The doom off Parcas she gan thus disobeie, The brond reseruyng vnder lok and keie.
1533 T. More Apol. v, in Wks. 851/1 The copye that was deliuered me (which copy I reserue and kepe for my declaracion).
1537 T. Paynell tr. Erasmus Comparation Vyrgin & Martyr f. 18v The swerde, with which they were martered, was reserued and kept amonge the holy relykes.
1596 W. Lambarde Perambulation of Kent (rev. ed.) 187 They do yet reserue.., a Mace and a Horne, assured badges of an incorporation.
a1616 W. Shakespeare Othello (1622) iii. iii. 299 She so loues the token,..That she reserues it euer more about her. View more context for this quotation
1648 J. Raymond Itinerary Voy. Italy 93 In the next Church the Pillars are reserv'd in wodden cases, which Saint Peter and Saint Paul were tyde too.
1686 Bp. G. Burnet Some Lett. conc. Switzerland iv. 223 The vast Vaults..and the remains of Antiquity that are reserved in them.
1729 ‘C. Fell’ Lives of Saints IV. 53 He added a Caution that must pass for a strong Proof of the Christians reserving and venerating the Relicks of those who suffer'd for the Faith.
1800 S. Turner Acct. Embassy Court Teshoo Lama 81 A few days after, I had an application for a fresh supply of the former [sc. raspberry jam and claret], with no intention, I believe, that it should be reserved among the relics.
1989 D. Kinsley Goddesses' Mirror ii. 34 Her body is burned and her bones reserved as sacred relics, which are kept at her temples throughout the land.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > possession > retaining > retain or keep [verb (transitive)] > of things contained by places
reserve1614
the world > space > relative position > condition of being internal > containing or having within > contain or have within [verb (transitive)]
holdc1000
takec1175
keep1340
harbour1362
containa1382
comprehend1393
comprise1483
carry1517
house1542
refrain1542
to fetch in1565
enharbour1596
inhold1614
reserve1614
1614 W. Lithgow Most Delectable Disc. Peregrination sig. P2 [The Dead Sea] breedeth nor reserueth no kind of fishes.
1632 W. Lithgow Totall Disc. Trav. x. 447 The Snowy Alpes..reserue continually Snow on their tops.
ΚΠ
c1450 (?c1408) J. Lydgate Reson & Sensuallyte (1901) l. 1100 In hir figure Reserved was al mesure.
c1450 J. Lydgate Reson & Sensuallyte l. 1665 And specialy to be reseyved [read reserved] That peyse and novmbre be observed, Throgh rethoryke, as in sentence.
8. † b. transitive. To preserve from decay, spoiling, perishing, etc. Obsolete.
a. transitive. To keep in store; to lay up as a store or stock; to deposit for safe keeping; (in later use esp.) to store (water). Now rare.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > possession > supply > storage > store [verb (transitive)]
again-layOE
to put upc1330
to lay up?a1366
bestow1393
to set up1421
reserve1480
powder1530
store1552
uplay1591
garnera1616
storea1616
revestry1624
reposit1630
barrel1631
magazine1643
stock1700
to salt down1849
reservoir1858
tidy1867
larder1904
1480 in C. Gross Gild Merchant (1890) II. 70 Ye shall see that all dutis that lengithe to the yelde of the Trynnytie be trewly rerit and reservit by yowr powers.
a1538 T. Starkey Dial. Pole & Lupset (1989) 100 A certayn summe..the wych..schold ever be reservyd in a commyn place.
1553 R. Eden tr. S. Münster Treat. Newe India sig. Fiijv Palaces, in which the artillery or armure of the cytie is reserued.
1613 S. Purchas Pilgrimage vii. xii. 707 Their water is raine water, reserued in Cisternes.
1657 S. Purchas Theatre Flying-insects 205 If wee negligently reserved hens, or other food, in the morning, wee should have onely bones.
1692 J. Ray Wisdom of God (ed. 2) i. 200 Stagnating Water, reserved in Pools and Cisterns.
1753 W. Maitland Hist. Edinb. ii. 205/1 The Water reserved therein is of great Use in extinguishing casual Fires.
1817 Niles' Weekly Reg. 24 May 194/1 The water reserved in the basins will raise the ascending boats to the level of the upper gate.
1834 L. Baldwin Rep. introducing Pure Water into City of Boston 4 (heading) Rain water reserved in cisterns.
1873 Rep. Secretary of War (U.S.) II. App. T. 840 So that the water reserved in the Meadow Lake added to the low-water discharge of the river might afford 6 feet water in the channel throughout the period of ordinary low water.
1967 V. A. Oyenuga Agric. in Nigeria iii. 62 The amount of water reserved in the rain forest is also reduced if the forest lies on a slope or in a mountainous area.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > safety > protection or defence > preservation from injury or destruction > preserve from injury or destruction [verb (transitive)] > preserve from decay, loss, or destruction
savea1325
servea1375
conservea1413
observe?1440
support1495
powder1530
reserve1555
incorrupt1890
the world > action or operation > safety > protection or defence > preservation from injury or destruction > preserve from injury or destruction [verb (transitive)] > preserve in proper condition > relics or antiquities
reserve1555
1555 R. Eden tr. Peter Martyr of Angleria Decades of Newe Worlde ii. i. f. 57 Certeine fruites..whiche they reserue [L. servant] for store as wee doo chestnuttes.
1585 T. Washington tr. N. de Nicolay Nauigations Turkie iii. i. 69 b The snow..being reserued in these colde places serueth in whotte weather too refreshe..his drinke.
1605 W. Camden Remaines ii. 27 The Ægyptians embalmed and filled them with odoriferous spices, reseruing them in glasse or coffins.
1658 J. Evelyn tr. N. de Bonnefons French Gardiner 248 Pull as many of them out of the ground as you desire to reserve.
1750 S. Johnson Rambler No. 51. ⁋6 The best methods of conserving, reserving, and preserving fruits.
ΘΚΠ
the world > time > change > absence of change, changelessness > lasting quality, permanence > be permanent [verb (intransitive)] > remain, continue
bidec893
ofstandeOE
astandc1000
restOE
holdc1175
dure1297
akeepc1300
lastc1300
arrest1393
containc1400
perseverec1425
reserve1529
to run on1533
to stick by ——1533
persist1538
persist1539
to hold up1582
retaina1631
persist1659
1529 T. More Dialogue Heresyes ii, in Wks. 179/2 Yf theyr opinions hadde any where continuallye endured there woulde theyr bokes haue continually reserued.
1614 W. Lithgow Most Delectable Disc. Peregrination sig. P3 The water of Iordan..will reserue vnspoiled, both moneths and yeares.
1641 H. L'Estrange Gods Sabbath 26 Because it [sc. manna] tainted against nature, and miraculously reserved upon other dayes.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > hiding, concealing from view > keeping from knowledge > keep from knowledge [verb (transitive)]
heeleOE
dernc893
mitheeOE
wryOE
buryc1175
hidec1200
dilla1300
laina1375
keepa1382
wrapa1382
cover1382
conceala1393
curea1400
shroud1412
veilc1460
smorec1480
cele1484
suppress1533
wrap1560
smoulder1571
squat1577
muffle1582
estrange1611
screen1621
lock1646
umbrage1675
reserve1719
restrict1802
hugger-mugger1803
mask1841
ward1881
thimblerig1899
marzipan1974
1719 D. Defoe Farther Adventures Robinson Crusoe 10 The Ideas of Things, which we form in our Minds, perfectly reserv'd, and not communicated to any.
1725 A. Pope tr. Homer Odyssey I. iii. 107 Of all the Chiefs, this Heroe's fate alone Has Jove reserv'd, unheard of, and unknown.
11. transitive. In dyeing, pottery decoration, etc.: to leave (an area) free from an applied colour, originally by the application of a resist (resist n. 2); to execute (a decorative motif) in reserve (see reserve n. and adj. Phrases 1b). Usually in passive.
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > ornamental art and craft > decoration of china > decorate china [verb (transitive)] > leave uncoloured
reserve1824
1824 A. Ure tr. C.-L. Berthollet & A.-B. Berthollet Elements Art of Dyeing II. ii. ii. iii. 77 Such [places] as have been reserved at the first dyeing, not being so at the second, take a lighter hue than the ground of the cloth.
1885 L. M. E. Solon Art of Old Eng. Potter (ed. 2) iii. 86 A space was reserved between the two ridges, leaving a hollow to be filled in by slips of divers colours.
1908 J. F. Blacker ABC of collecting Old Eng. China (ed. 2) 41 Rich ground colours were successfully employed... Panels were reserved in white for painting.
1972 Trans. Oriental Ceramic Soc. 38 123 Round the sides are six small landscapes in panels reserved in red and gilt trellis-diapered ground.
2000 G. Fehérvári Ceramics Islamic World ii. 40/1 Inside the roundel there is a seven-petalled flower reserved in white.
Phrases
P1. to reserve (one's) judgement: to refrain from passing comment or making a decision at the present time.
ΚΠ
1604 W. Shakespeare Hamlet i. iii. 69 Take each mans censure, but reserue thy iudgement. View more context for this quotation
1664 J. Howell Προεδρια-Βασιλικη 98 Let the prudent and unpassionat Reader weigh with leasure the foregoing Particulars, and reserve his Judgement till he hath run through the Reasons and Arguments of the other two Kings in order to a Precedency.
1739 E. Button Rudim. Anc. Hist. iii. ii. 273 But they by an angry Silence reserv'd their Judgment to a future Enquiry into the Authors of this Offence.
1849 Times 26 May 5/5 It is the duty of Her Majesty's servants to reserve their judgement until we shall be in possession of the full information.
1899 Folk-lore 10 236 How far these traditions may be trusted is a question on which I must reserve judgement.
1922 Printers' Ink 29 June 82/2 We ask you to reserve your judgment until after you have seen the new Illinois Zinc Shingles.
1966 Burlington Mag. Feb. 105/3 The other friends..declared themselves similarly impressed—except for Bonnard who reserved his judgement.
2005 Evo June 76/3 We'll have to reserve judgement on the M6's ability to carry speed over a typically tetchy British B-road.
P2. to reserve one's position: to refrain from making known one's attitude or viewpoint on a particular subject.
ΚΠ
1873 Ann. Reg. 1872 i. 162 The Count..guarded himself from expressing approval or otherwise of the principle of action indicated, and, while reserving his own position, left the signatories freedom to take their own line.
1890 Times 14 Aug. 5/3 He thoroughly understood that the right hon. gentleman wished to reserve his position and not to commit himself.
1948 Internat. Organization 2 54 The twelfth recommendation..was accepted by all committee members except delegates of Guatemala and Uruguay who reserved their position.
1968 Classical Q. New Ser. 18 26 She has reserved her position as far as secret sin is concerned.
2003 B. Cleverly Damascened Blade (2004) 257 But the issue is an extremely complicated one and I'm not prepared to say more than that at this moment. I reserve my position.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2010; most recently modified version published online June 2022).
> see also
also refers to : re-servev.2
<
n.adj.1607v.11357see also
- imp-tree
- imp-yard
- impacability
- impacable
- impacific
- impack
- impacking
- impackment
- impact
- impact crater
- impact extrusion
- impact head
- impact ionization
- impact load
- impact loading
- impact pressure
- impact printer
- impact printing
- impact resistance
- impact screen
- impact strength
- impact test
- impact tube
- impact zone
- impacted