单词 | reserved |
释义 | reservedadj.n. A. adj. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > safety > protection or defence > preservation from injury or destruction > [adjective] > preserved or undestroyed reserved1546 spared1874 1546 G. Joye Refut. Byshop Winchesters Derke Declar. f. cxliv When ye maye agene ioyne your abolished head to his owne reserued body. 1555 R. Eden tr. Peter Martyr of Angleria Decades of Newe Worlde ii. i. f. 52v They lerned by the reserued chyldren [L. servatis pueris]. 1667 E. Waterhouse Short Narr. Fire London 100 Dwelling and Trading in the remains of the Freedom, and in the reserved Suburbs. 2. a. That has been reserved (in various senses of reserve v.1); set or kept apart; specially retained for a particular use, purpose, person, etc. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > kind or sort > individual character or quality > quality of being exclusive > [adjective] > excepted out-takea1325 exempt1426 except1467 reserved1565 excepteda1569 reservatory1654 exempted1712 the world > relative properties > wholeness > mutual relation of parts to whole > separation > [adjective] > separated or cut off from > separated from main body > for a purpose retrait?c1475 reserved1565 set-aside1943 1565 J. Hall tr. Lanfranc Most Excellent Woorke Chirurg. Antidotarie iv. 57 Incorporate all these, wyth the herbes and rotes, in the reserued decoction, & therof make vp an emplaster, meanly thicke and liquide. 1596 T. Bell Suruey Popery iii. x. 453 What..doth a mouse take, when shee catcheth the reserued hoast, or what doth she eate? 1631 B. Jonson Staple of Newes iv. iv. 65 in Wks. II With all your..reseru'd Questions, and Answers that you game with. 1664 J. Evelyn Pomona viii. 20 in Sylva Let the reserved Branches be divided at a convenient roundness. 1728 E. Chambers Cycl. at Cases At the Article of Death,..all reserv'd Cases are absolvable by the Ordinary. 1791 Ld. Kames Dict. Decis. (ed. 2) I. 291 In a question, how far a reserved faculty..accresced to a creditor whose debt was contracted before that faculty? 1798 C. Hutton Course Math. I. 150 Divide the reserved quotient by the square of s, and reserve this quotient. 1838 W. Bell Dict. Law Scotl. 858 Reserved powers are of different sorts; as a reserved power of burdening a property, or a reserved power to revoke or recall a settlement or other deed. 1884 Catholic Dict. 717/2 Absolution from a reserved sin may be given by the superior who reserves it. 1897 W. Walsh Secret Hist. Oxf. Movement x. 342 The ostensible reason for restoring the Reserved Sacrament is that it is then always ready to be given to the sick. 1931 W. Eiselen in A. M. Duggan-Cronin Bantu Tribes II. ii. 35 The greater part of the Pedi tribe lived in reserved areas situated in the Middelburg, Lydenburg and Pietersburg districts. 1952 C. Seltman Twelve Olympians iii. 34 In the ancient parish church he might..see a crucifix upon the altar, a light burning before a reserved Host, and an image of Our Lady in one aisle. 1973 R. A. Lee Hist. Regulatory Taxation i. 5 A revenue law must only raise revenue. It cannot encroach in any way upon the reserved powers of the states. 2002 J. Harris & F. Warde French Kitchen 40/2 Check the seasoning, scatter with the reserved watercress and serve at once. b. spec. Of a seat (at a public entertainment or meeting, on a train, etc.), a table in a restaurant, a room in a hotel, etc.: that has been or may be specially engaged beforehand to be used or occupied by a particular person. Of a ticket: entitling the holder to such a seat, table, room, etc. Also in figurative contexts. ΚΠ 1625 T. Godwin Moses & Aaron i. vii. 37 The chiefe Rabbies sate in reserved chaires, these are those chiefe seats in the Synagogues. 1822 Times 11 May 1/2 Tickets of admission to the reserved seats may be had on application to Mr. Suter. 1856 Times 1 Sept. 9/2 The performance..was..alone worth the price of a reserved ticket and a visit to St. George's hall. 1867 People's Mag. 5 Oct. 663/2 Whether they were suffered to depart, or were shown into a reserved room, and thence were smuggled privately into audience out of their turn, it is not for me to say. 1873 P. G. Hamerton Intellect. Life viii. ii. 288 Reserved seats in the great assemblage of the world. 1902 Atlanta Constit. 13 Apr. 8/3 A great feature of German saloon life is the stammtisch or reserved table where men of all professions and all conditions meet every evening. 1935 R. Macaulay Personal Pleasures 19 Now for the train;..Second-class... No, nothing else about it matters, and I have no reserved seat. 1994 Time 25 July 28/1 Other parks..sell reserved tickets through a commercial agency. 2002 N. Lebrecht Song of Names i. 1 Survival instinct propels me through the Euston crowds towards a reserved first-class seat on the nine-oh-three Intercity Express. c. Of a soldier, ship, etc.: belonging to or constituting a reserve (reserve n. 1b, 1c). reserved list (now historical): a list of naval officers removed from active service but kept in reserve in case of being required; so reserved pay, etc. ΘΚΠ society > armed hostility > hostilities at sea > administration and ceremonial > [noun] > list of officers or sailors muster-book1702 Navy Lista1770 prize list1782 reserved list1826 flag-list1873 inscription maritime1902 1655 W. Sales Theophania ii. 46 [He] being returned, commanding Emilius and me to draw out those thousand reserved men a-part, coming to the head of them, made a short speech. 1720 D. Defoe Life Capt. Singleton 100 Whereupon our reserved Men advancing, we resolved to fire only three Men at a time, and move forward like an Army firing in Platoons. 1757 Let. to W. P— 71 Of the 73 Ships remaining as yet unapplied, we may reasonably suppose there may be 20..either building, repairing, or unfit for Service,..then our reserved Fleet will consist of the following Rates. 1826 Times 4 Mar. 2/1 Instead of fairly stating to the Admiralty that he was in holy orders, he asked, as a convenience to himself, to be put upon the reserved list. 1826 Caledonian Mercury 10 Aug. Twenty Captains were called into service from the reserved half pay list. 1852 Naut. Mag. & Naval Chron. May 234 We should not only have reserved ships, but reserved officers, and reserved seamen. 1852 Naut. Mag. & Naval Chron. May 238 Adequate caution is not taken to insure the services of those men who are receiving reserved pay. 1866 Chambers's Encycl. VIII. at Reserved List In the remote contingency of the Active List being exhausted,..these ‘reserved’ officers would be liable to be called upon to serve. 1895 Hampshire Tel. & Sussex Chron. 6 Apr. 8/5 Admirals, Sir Wm. Loring, K.C.B.,..Gilbert B. Rutherford (all on Retired List), and Richard H. Stopford (on reserved half-pay). 1924 Times 24 June 14/5 The vacancy created by Colonel Commandant G. J. H. Mullins..being placed on the Reserved List of Colonels, R.M. 1996 J. Slagle Ironclad Captain 398 After being placed on the Reserved List, Gilliss worked for the Smithsonian Institution until the outbreak of the Civil War. d. In dyeing, pottery decoration, etc.: left in the original colour of the material or the colour of the background; decorated with a motif or motifs in reserve (see reserve n. and adj. Phrases 1b). Cf. reserve v.1 11. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > ornamental art and craft > decoration of china > [adjective] > left uncoloured reserved1824 1824 A. Ure in tr. C.-L. Berthollet & A.-B. Berthollet Elements Art of Dyeing II. 446 The reserved portions being defended from the action of the indigo, remain white, while the rest of the surface takes a fast blue. 1833 Jrnl. Franklin Inst. Apr. 263 If the brown glaze is not to cover the whole of the surface, wet paper is laid on the reserved parts, which, after the glaze has been put on and has ceased to be fluid, is removed. 1899 Jrnl. Hellenic Stud. 19 171 The sculptured pediment..reappears, treated in the same manner, the ‘reserved’ palmette supported by the same band of delicate egg-pattern, only on two other lekythoi. 1930 Discovery Aug. 255/2 From the fourth level [of the excavations at Ur] came a peculiar form of painted pottery that has been termed ‘Reserved slip-ware’, the paint being applied to the whole body of the pot and then wiped off at intervals so as to produce a series of striations. 1954 M. Rickert Painting in Brit.: Middle Ages 231 Reserved edges, spaces left around a painted ornament exposing the vellum of a manuscript page. In Hiberno-Saxon decoration the reserved edges aid in clarifying a complicated pattern of spirals or interlace. 1977 Sci. Amer. Mar. 122/2 (caption) Pot d carries a ‘reserved’ design, produced by applying a red slip over an orange underslip. 2002 Anatolian Stud. 52 123/1 A range of petals is placed on a reserved band in the shoulder zone [of the vessel]. e. Designating a civilian occupation which is considered to be of sufficient importance that most of those employed in it are exempted from military service, esp. in wartime. Chiefly in reserved occupation. Now historical. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > [noun] > regular occupation, trade, or profession > high-priority civilian employment reserved occupation1915 1915 Local Govt. Board Circular No. R.2 2 A list has been prepared..of still further occupations (to be known as ‘reserved occupations’), to which, in the public interest, from the point of view of the export trade or for other reasons, it is desirable to extend some measure of protection, either because the persons included in them..are engaged in work which could not be interrupted without serious dislocation or because the industries affected are such that it would be unwise to take more men from them without special investigation. 1915 Times 4 Nov. 5/1 Comparatively few recruits asked to be put in the reserved classes. 1944 A. Thirkell Headmistress iv. 79 Her girls wished to go straight into the Forces..while their parents wanted them to..get a job in a reserved occupation. 1972 M. Jones Life on Dole viii. 61 Mining was a reserved occupation, and even young men who wanted to get into uniform found themselves directed to the pits. 1992 M. S. Alexander Republic in Danger (2002) 135 It was the outbreak of war itself that activated controls over men in reserved trades. 2004 B. Richards Secret Flotillas I. xi. 114 He..fretted at being in a reserved civilian occupation and obtained a transfer to the French air force. 3. Averse to showing familiarity; slow or reluctant to reveal emotion or opinions; cold or distant in manner, formal; reticent, uncommunicative. a. Of behaviour, character, disposition, etc. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > behaviour > bad behaviour > discourtesy > [adjective] > not affable > specifically of manners, looks, etc. moy1487 squeamish1577 reserved1605 repellent1776 repellant1780 1605 J. Marston Dutch Courtezan ii. i A chast reserued priuatnes, a modest continence. a1616 W. Shakespeare All's Well that ends Well (1623) iii. v. 62 All her deseruing Is a reserued honestie. View more context for this quotation 1644 J. Bulwer Chirologia 131 A reserved carriage which begat envy in the people to the greatest Emperours. 1691 A. Wood Athenæ Oxonienses II. 196 Men of the Presbyterian perswasion..generally are morose, clownish, and of sullen and reserved natures. 1749 H. Fielding Tom Jones V. xiii. xi. 90 ‘Pursuit of whom?’ said Sophia, a little recollecting herself, and assuming a reserved Air. View more context for this quotation 1780 E. Burke Speech Oeconomical Reformation 83 The judges are, or ought to be, of a reserved and retired character. 1813 Sketches of Character (ed. 2) I. 211 [He] was of a reserved disposition. 1872 J. Ruskin Eagle's Nest §92 The reserved and proud imagination of the master-schools. 1933 J. C. Powys Glastonbury Romance i. 325 Her pose was withdrawn, chaste, reserved, remote, her face cold and pale. 1984 A. Lee Sarah Phillips (1985) 99 I always felt that behind your reserved manner in class was a rare sensitivity of nature. 2000 N.Y. Times Mag. 6 Aug. 66/2 My driver looks like a terrorist: steady eyes, thick beard, the reserved watchfulness of the devout. b. Of a person.In quot. 1622 applied figuratively to a flower. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > behaviour > bad behaviour > discourtesy > [adjective] > not affable strange1338 estrangec1374 formal?1518 cold1557 squeamish1561 icy1567 buckrama1589 repulsive1598 starched1600 unaffable1603 stiff1608 withdrawing1611 reserved1612 aloof1639 cool1641 uncordial1643 inaffable1656 staunch1659 standfra1683 distant1710 starcha1716 distancing1749 pokerish1779 buckramed1793 angular1808 easeless1811 touch-me-not1817 starchy1824 standoffish1826 offish1827 poker-backed1830 standoff1837 stiffish1840 chilly1841 unapproachable1848 hedgehoggy1866 sticky1882 hard-to-get1899 stand-away1938 princesse lointaine1957 1612 F. Bacon Ess. (new ed.) 120 Some are so close, and reserved, as they will not shew their wares, but by a darke light. 1622 G. Wither Faire-virtue sig. L8 Let who will; praise, and behold, The reserued Marigold. 1660 F. Brooke tr. V. Le Blanc World Surveyed 251 His wife being very reserv'd and discreet in her husband's presence, but in his absence more free and jolly. 1685 J. Crowne Sir Courtly Nice i. 6 We are the most reserv'd Family in the World. There were Fourteen Sisters of us, and not one of us married. 1747 W. Collins Odes 36 Thy Springs, and dying Gales, O Nymph reserv'd. 1782 W. Cowper Friendship 188 The man I trust, if shy to me, Shall find me as reserv'd as he. 1806 T. S. Surr Winter in London III. i. 76 [They] are certainly queer, stiff, reserved sort of people. 1883 J. A. Froude Short Stud. 4th Ser. i. xii. 146 As a statesman he was reserved, seldom showing his own thoughts. 1915 W. S. Maugham Of Human Bondage xxi. 89 He limped about demurely, silent and reserved. 1985 L. Whistler Laughter & Urn ii. 17 He could not..broadcast an easy affection; for he was reserved, even secretive. 2008 Independent 10 Jan. 4/1 Clinton, normally so reserved and controlled, seemed to emerge from her bubble of scripts and talking points. ΘΚΠ society > society and the community > social relations > lack of social communication or relations > retirement or seclusion > secluded place or place of seclusion > [adjective] secrec1374 blindc1386 privatea1513 secret?a1513 shadowy1555 close1571 retired1593 retrait1603 sequestrate1632 recessful1646 recluse1650 reserved1653 secessive1653 coy1670 sequestrated1726 slya1764 secluded1798 shy1841 retiracied1856 undisprivacied1870 madding1874 1653 I. Walton Compl. Angler xi. 205 They will usually lye..in one reserved place, where the water is deep, and runs quietly. View more context for this quotation 1689 J. Chetham Angler's Vade Mecum (ed. 2) xiv. 122 Abundance of them [sc. fish] lie together in one reserved place where the water runs deep and quietly. 4. Of a meaning, reservation, etc.: tacit, secret; unspoken, unexpressed, kept to oneself. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > hiding, concealing from view > keeping from knowledge > hidden or indirect meaning > [adjective] covert1393 sidelinga1500 implieda1535 insinuate1534 understood1576 implicative1602 insinuated1605 reserved1607 whispered1608 interpretative1610 implicit1613 tacit1637 tacid1651 adumbrative1751 inexplicit1827 inexpress1871 1607 R. Parsons Treat. tending to Mitigation ix. 379 All those that following the litterall apparent sense of those wordes of our Sauiour, did hold him to be ignorant in deed of the day of Iudgment, which being decreed and established by the Church, ech Father endeauoured to find out the true reserued meaning, of our Sauiour. 1680 J. Owen Contin. Expos. Epist. Paul vi. 136 There is an Intimation in it of a reserved Condition rendring the saying ensuing a most sacred Oath... But the formality of the Oath of God is neither in Genesis nor here expressed. ?1760 W. Cooke Boyse's New Pantheon (ed. 2) 175 Thus the antient Eastern Nations had a reserv'd Meaning in all their emblematical Figures; which is frequently in our Power, even at this Distance of Time, to make out. 1835 P. Leicester Boswroth Field I. iv. 78 What mean you lady?.. Have you any reserved sense in your words? 1861 J. W. Cole tr. F. Guizot Mem. IV. 533 You see now whether I seek for any reserved thoughts in the discrepancies between our two points of view. 1911 M. G. Hyde Confessions & Lett. Terence Quinn McManus 64 I still had a reserved doubt whether those ‘Chinatown’ Celestials averaged up in the moral line to their countrymen still at home. Yet expressing that doubt..seemed an unnecessary and ungallant proceeding. 1989 Man 24 460 Those reserved meanings, which most men either deny exist or do not know or are not agreed upon. 5. Limited, restricted; restrained, temperate, cautious, sparing. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > kind or sort > individual character or quality > quality of being special or restricted in application > quality of being restricted or limited > [adjective] narroweOE restraint1445 modifiedc1485 limitate1541 restricteda1550 strait-laced1549 scant1556 circumcised1561 contract1561 restrained1578 determinate1586 limited1590 restrict1597 strict1597 confined1605 determineda1616 limitary1620 prescript1645 modificated1646 circumscribed1647 conscribed1654 limitated1654 reserved1654 coarctated1655 straiteneda1665 unabsolute1694 stinted1710 bounded1711 contracted1711 cramped1741 special1815 municipal1856 fine-cut1894 stingy1927 society > authority > subjection > restraint or restraining > restriction or limitation > [adjective] > restricted or limited narroweOE restraint1445 modifiedc1485 limitate1541 restricteda1550 scant1556 contract1561 limited1590 confined1605 limitary1620 prescript1645 modificated1646 circumscribed1647 limitated1654 reserved1654 coarctated1655 unabsolute1694 bounded1711 contracted1711 cramped1741 crimped1828 stingy1927 1654 J. Bramhall Just Vindic. Church of Eng. ii. 26 It is good to be sparing and reserved in censuring hereticks for obstinacy. 1735 J. Swift Let. to Middleton in Wks. IV. 198 It hath been the Wisdom of the English Parliaments, to be very reserved in limiting the Press. 1750 W. Warburton Let. 20 Oct. in Lett. Late Eminent Prelate (?1793) xxviii. 48 I shall be more reserved in telling you what I think of you; that is, upon condition you don't provoke me again by your talk of sticking to your Readership. 1836 Brit. & Foreign Rev. 3 No. 5. 224 Prudent governments..are cautious and reserved in the use of such a power. 1860 T. P. Thompson Audi Alteram Partem (1861) III. cxxxiv. 101 The early Protestants, from whom the Anglican Church makes a reserved and cautious profession of being descended. 1949 P. M. A. Linebarger- in F. M. Marx Foreign Govts. xxix. 577 It is likely that Japanese judges..will be extremely reserved in exercising judicial review. 2004 J. A. Zimmerman Ministry Liturg. Environment vii. 75 Since Holy Thursday evening's Mass is a festive one, a reserved use of flowers is permitted. B. n. With the. Those who are or have been reserved (in various senses); reserved people as a class. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > behaviour > bad behaviour > discourtesy > [noun] > lack of affability > person > collectively reserved1656 1656 W. Montagu tr. J. Du Bosc Accomplish'd Woman 43 Venus despiseth the solitary and the reserved; those that run after all companies and publick assemblies so eagerly, please her better to enlarge her Empire. 1728 E. Young Love of Fame: Universal Passion (ed. 2) iv. 255 Fame is a bubble the reserv'd enjoy; Who strive to grasp it, as they touch, destroy. 1751 S. Johnson Rambler No. 147. ⁋5 By some occult method of captivation, he animated the timorous..and opened the reserved. 1860 J. Smith Good News for All 113 The lost sheep would be found..and the reserved of the house of Israel would be pardoned. 1907 H. Clergue Salon 148 The timid were given confidence, the reserved were drawn out. 1922 W. W. Charters How to sell at Retail (1924) iv. 46 The nervous, the good-humored, the irritable, the reserved, are all the same to them! 2001 J. A. Stuart tr. P. Scheerbart Gray Cloth 121 The reserved want the reserved, the happy want the happy, but the sad never want the sad. Compounds reserved word n. Computing a word in a programming language which has a fixed and specific role and so cannot be redefined by a programmer or used for another purpose (e.g. as the name of a variable). ΚΠ 1961 J. E. Sammett in Ann. Rev. Automatic Programming 2 203 The three types of reserved words [in Cobol] are the connectives ( in, of, and, or), optional words which are used to improve the readability of the source program but are not required, and key words which are required. 1984 M. P. Atkinson et al. in P. M. Stocker et al. Databases, Role, & Struct. 265 The DML sublanguage has a notion of reserved words whereas Fortran does not. 2007 M. Lutz Learning Python (ed. 3) xi. 226 In Python 2·6, the words with and as are scheduled to become new reserved words. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2010; most recently modified version published online March 2022). reservedconj.prep. Now rare (Law in later use). Except that. Obsolete. rare. ΚΠ 1438 in F. B. Bickley Little Red Bk. Bristol (1900) II. 168 (MED) Euery maistre..schulde be redy euery sonday in the yere to serve..vnto the houre of vij..and than cesyng all the day forward, excepte and reserved if eny Knyght or Squyer or eny other straunger goyng on her passage and iournee..nedethe and wol haue botys or schone that they be served atte her nede. ?1473 W. Caxton tr. R. Le Fèvre Recuyell Hist. Troye (1894) I. lf. 8 v He had grete abondance of wordly goodes, reseruyd onely he dorste not marye. a1616 W. Shakespeare Henry VI, Pt. 1 (1623) v. vi. 167 Onely reseru'd, you claime no interest In any of our Townes of Garrison. View more context for this quotation B. prep. With the exception of, except, save. Now only in except and reserved. Formerly also: †without prejudice or offence to, saving (obsolete). ΚΠ ?1473 W. Caxton tr. R. Le Fèvre Recuyell Hist. Troye (1894) I. lf. 119 All they that herde speke ther of made Ioye and were glad therof, reseruyd Iuno. 1474 W. Caxton tr. Game & Playe of Chesse (1883) iii. iv.108 Alle worldly thynges ben mortifyed and appetissid in olde men reserued auaryce only, whiche alleway abideth wyth hym. 1481 W. Caxton tr. Siege & Conqueste Jerusalem (1893) cxxxii. 196 They haue taken it entierly, Reserued a dongeon. a1529 J. Skelton Magnyfycence (?1530) sig. Eiiiv Yet syr reserued your better aduysement It were better he spake with you or he wente. 1531 T. Elyot Bk. named Gouernour ii. vi. sig. Pviiv All men were abasshed, reserued the chiefe iustice. 1556 tr. J. de Flores Histoire de Aurelio & Isabelle sig. M4 Soddaineley..was Isabell..stripede of her attire (reseruede a riche smocke). 1598 J. Stow Suruay of London 344 All his lands & tenements in Southwarke, except & reserued the capitall Messuage, two mansions called Southwarke Place..and all the gardens and lands to the same appertaining. 1876 in Law Rep.: Chancery Div. (1878) 9 224 The said John Wheatcroft agrees to sell..all those five closes of land situated in Crich aforesaid.., except and reserved all minerals, stone, and clay, and full liberty to enter at all times and search for and get the same. 2008 London Gaz. 2 July 9970/2 The property situated at all that plot of land..with the gardens, outbuildings and appurtenances thereto belonging..(except and reserved the mines and minerals as the same have been heretofore excepted and reserved). This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2010; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < adj.n.1546conj.prep.1438 |
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