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单词 rhombic
释义

rhombicadj.n.

Brit. /ˈrɒmbɪk/, U.S. /ˈrɑmbɪk/
Forms: 1600s–1700s rhombick, 1700s– rhombic.
Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: rhomb n., -ic suffix.
Etymology: < rhomb n. + -ic suffix. Compare post-classical Latin rhombicus (1699 or earlier). Compare rhomboidal adj., rhomboid adj.
A. adj.
1. Chiefly Mineralogy.
a. Of a solid figure or object, esp. a crystal: having a rhombus as a cross-section or base; (of a mineral) having ccrystals of this form. Also: (Crystallography) = orthorhombic adj.
ΘΚΠ
the world > matter > chemistry > crystallography (general) > crystal (general) > crystal systems > [adjective] > orthorhombic
rhombic1671
rhomboid1671
rhomboidal1700
rectangular1837
trimetric1837
orthorhombic1854
prismatic1858
the world > relative properties > number > geometry > shape or figure > [adjective] > three-dimensional > with particular section or base > quadrilateral
rectangular?a1560
rhombic1671
rhombical1728
1671 Philos. Trans. 1670 (Royal Soc.) 5 2041 The Figure of this Chrystal stone is like a Rhombick or Rhomboid Prisme.
1771 J. Hill Fossils 60 The pure Rhombic Spar.
1802 J. Playfair Illustr. Huttonian Theory 246 The spar taking the form of rhombic crystals.
1811 R. Phillips Exper. Exam. Last Edition Pharmacopoeia Londinensis 52 The primitive crystal of this salt appears to be a right rhombic prism.
1822 Trans. Cambr. Philos. Soc. 1 196 This prism would have right bases if the apex of each rhombic pyramid were truncated.
1866 H. E. Roscoe Lessons Elem. Chem. xv. 135 Rhombic or common neutral sodium phosphate.
1879 F. Rutley Study of Rocks ix. 84 In the rhombic system the three axes of elasticity coincide with the three crystallographic axes.
1903 Daily Chron. 7 Nov. 3/3 The pyroxene phenocrysts usually are represented by separate crystals of the monoclinic as well as the rhombic type.
1922 A. E. H. Tutton Crystallogr. & Pract. Measurem. II. (ed. 2) lvi. 1304 Only in the rhombic system do the pinakoidal forms all remain angularly unaltered at 90°.
1959 N. Feather Introd. Physics Mass, Length & Time xvi. 313 A [shearing] stress deforms a square prism into a rhombic prism.
2008 Sedimentary Geol. 212 74/2 In comparison to type-1 dolomite..the rhombic crystal shape is relatively poorly defined.
b. Of a solid figure, esp. a dodecahedron: having faces that are rhombuses, contained by rhombuses (usually of equal size).
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1823 H. J. Brooke Familiar Introd. Crystallogr. 121 The rhombic dodecahedron.
1878 H. P. Gurney Crystallogr. 85 A form consisting of twelve similar rhombuses..is..called the rhombic dodecahedron.
1910 Encycl. Brit. I. 712/2 Fine rhombic dodecahedra occur in the schistose rocks of the Zillerthal.
1964 L. Pauling in Proc. National Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 51 981 The outer shell of the complex involves 32 atoms, lying at the corners of a rhombic triacontrahedron.
1994 Nature 17 Feb. 598/3 Among the semi-regular solids (known to Archimedes) the rhombic dodecahedron does fill space.
2.
a. Shaped like or resembling a rhombus; having four straight sides of equal length.Other words of similar meaning include rhombed, rhombeous, rhombical, rhombiform, and rhomboid.
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > shape > angularity > specific angular shape > [adjective] > quadrilateral > diamond, lozenge, or rhomb
lozenge-like1551
lozengy1602
diamond-cut1637
diamonded1642
lozenge1658
rhomboidal1658
rhomboideal1677
rhomboid1681
rhombic1701
rhomboidicala1703
star-cut1704
rhombeous1773
rhombed1776
rhombiform1825
lozenge-shaped1833
the world > relative properties > number > geometry > shape or figure > [adjective] > two-dimensional > quadrilateral > rhombic
rhomboidal1658
rhomboideal1677
rhomboid1681
rhombic1701
rhomboidicala1703
rhombeous1773
rhombed1776
rhombiform1825
1701 N. Grew Cosmol. Sacra i. iii. §21 Many other sorts of Stones are regularly figured;..the Selenites, of Parallel Plates, as in a Deck of Cards; and they are of a Rhombick Figure.
1798 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 88 426 The Abbé Hauy, by measuring the rhombic plane of Corundum, found its two diagonals to be as two to three.
1816 P. Cleaveland Elem. Treat. Mineral. & Geol. 444 Dodecaedrons with rhombic faces.
1873 C. H. Ralfe Outl. Physiol. Chem. 83 The crystals form shining, rhombic plates.
1902 Bull. Amer. Museum. Nat. Hist. 18 105 The two hills and the road between them form a roughly rhombic figure.
1927 F. Boas Primitive Art ii. 43 Some of the rectangles with rhombic checkerwork have a white background.
2002 Times (Nexis) 19 Oct. (Features section) 25 A work from 1969, in which two sullen, black rhombic shapes are planted side by side.
b. Zoology. Having the shape of a lozenge or diamond, often with rounded corners.
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the world > animals > animal body > general parts > [adjective] > lozenge-shaped
rhombic1798
1798 E. Donovan Nat. Hist. Brit. Insects VII. 9 Wings greyish brown. First pair marked with rhombic whitish spots.
1851 S. P. Woodward Man. Mollusca i. 69 L[oligo] vulgaris... Body tapering behind... Fins terminal, united, rhombic.
1870 P. Gillmore tr. L. Figuier Reptiles & Birds iii. 109 Strobilosaura have the scales of the back and sides imbricate, generally rhombic.
1920 H. H. Newman Vertebr. Zool. v. 110 Usually ganoid scales are rhombic in form.
1963 D. G. Stead Sharks & Rays Austral. Seas x. 108 The name of Gummy is applied to it because of the rhombic, pavement-like teeth.
2004 P. Vecsei & D. Peterson in G. T. O. LeBreton et al. Sturgeons & Paddlefish N. Amer. v. 116 Unique to the Atlantic sturgeon are the large rhombic plates found along the lateral base of the anal fin.
c. Botany. Of a leaf, petal, etc.: more or less diamond-shaped; widest at or above the middle, and slightly angled and tapering towards the base and apex.
ΘΚΠ
the world > plants > part of plant > part defined by form or function > [adjective] > oval or circular
orbicular1753
suborbicular1753
lance-egged1787
rhomboid?1788
lance-ovala1794
spear-egg-shaped1796
lance-ovate1800
rhombic1805
1805 tr. K. L. Willdenow Princ. Bot. & Veg. Physiol. i. 29 Rhombic, (rhombeum), when the sides of the leaf run out into an angle.
1870 J. D. Hooker Student's Flora Brit. Islands 318 Atriplex patula,..sepals rhombic or deltoid.
1913 H. J. Elwes & A. Henry Trees Great Brit. & Ireland VII. 1829 Populus robusta... Leaves..variable in shape, about 3 in. in length, ovate-deltoid or rhombic.
1964 E. Salisbury Weeds & Aliens (ed. 2) vi. 162 The leaves are mealy; the lower are usually opposite, often oval or rhombic.
1997 C. Stace New Flora Brit. Isles (ed. 2) 978 D. purpurella... Labellum obscurely lobed, ± rhombic, with reddish-purple ground-colour.
d. Designating a type of radio aerial shaped like a rhombus and positioned horizontally.
ΘΚΠ
society > communication > telecommunication > radio communications > radio equipment > [adjective] > types of aerial
rhombic1933
unipole1945
1933 Bell. Lab. Rec. 11 vi. 172 (caption) The Miami receiving station and rhombic antennas for the new tropical services.
1968 Radio Communication Handbk. (ed. 4) xiii. 62/2 The design of V and rhombic aerials is quite flexible and both types will work over a 2 : 1 frequency range.
1975 D. G. Fink Electronics Engineers' Handbk. xxii. 64 The rhombic antenna is in wide use.
2005 W. Orchiston & B. Slee in W. Orchiston New Astron. ii. 145 (caption) The 70–130 MHz rhombic aerial at the short-lived Penrith field station.
B. n.
A rhombic radio aerial.
ΘΚΠ
the world > matter > physics > electromagnetic radiation > electronics > electronic devices or components > [noun] > device receiving signal > antenna for radio waves
aerial wire1899
aerial1902
antenna1902
sectoral horn1939
rhombic1940
1940 Radio May 54/2 Larry said one of his rhombics was so big that one pole was in Oakland and another was in San Jose.
1968 Radio Communication Handbk. (ed. 4) xiii. 62/1 The average gain of a rhombic is 3db greater than that of a V aerial with the same legs.
1981 R. S. Elliott Antenna Theory & Design ix. 436 The Vee antenna..is a simplification of the rhombic, with legs 3 and 4 removed.
2001 R.Kitchen RF & Microwave Radiation Safety Handbk. (ed. 2) ii. 24 Triple rhombics are quite common.

Compounds

C1.
a. Botany and Zoology. Prefixed to adjectives forming adjectives with the sense ‘partly rhombic and partly ——’, as rhombic-lanceolate, rhombic-ovate, etc.
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1804 G. Shaw Gen. Zool. V. ii. 409 Shape rhombic-ovate, very slightly lengthened: colour of upper parts pale yellow.
1828 J. Stark Elements Nat. Hist. I. 395 Body rhombic-ovate, slightly lengthened.
1870 J. D. Hooker Student's Flora Brit. Islands 317 Leaves rhombic-triangular.
1905 C. S. Sargent Man. Trees N. Amer. 160 Cottonwood. Leaves rhombic-lanceolate, abruptly acuminate.
1962 A. R. Clapham et al. Flora Brit. Isles (ed. 2) 580 Black Poplar... Lf-blades 5–10 cm., rhombic-ovate or deltoid-ovate.
2007 A. F. Rhoads & T. A. Block Plants Pennsylvania (ed. 2) 478 Leaves rhombic-ovate with an acute to obtuse apex.
b.
rhombic-based adj.
ΚΠ
1844 G. Fownes Elem. Chem. iii. 214 The right rhombic-based octahedron.
1895 N. Story-Maskelyne Crystallogr. 334 A rhombic based prism.
2002 M. Ohring Materials Sci. Thin Films (ed. 2) i. 50 The related Knoop microhardness test employs a rhombic-based diamond pyramid indenter.
rhombic-scaled adj. Zoology (now rare)
ΚΠ
1877 Q. Jrnl. Geol. Soc. London 33 556 Authors have..been only too apt to refer nearly every small rhombic-scaled fusiform-shaped ganoid fish from Upper Palæozoic rocks to Palæoniscus.
1906 Guide Gallery Reptilia & Amphibia Brit. Mus. (Brit. Mus. Nat. Hist.) 92 The Eugnathidæ are the rhombic-scaled forerunners of the modern Amia.
C2. Mineralogy.
rhombic mica n. now rare the mineral phlogopite.
ΚΠ
1844 J. D. Dana Syst. Mineral. (ed. 2) 322 Rhombic Mica.
1911 J. P. Rowe Pract. Min. Simplified ix. 143 Phlogopite..is called rhombic mica, on account of the shape of the crystals.
rhombic pyrites n. now rare the mineral marcasite.
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1867 R. Hunt & F. W. Rudler Descr. Guide Mus. Pract. Geol. 101 Marcasite occurs in a series of prismatic forms, which have suggested the name of rhombic pyrites.
1916 Trans. Inst. Mining Engin. 51 532 Under ordinary atmospheric conditions marcasite or rhombic pyrites decomposed very rapidly.
rhombic quartz n. Obsolete feldspar.
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1770 E. M. da Costa in G. von Engeström & E. M. da Costa tr. A. F. Cronstedt Ess. Syst. Mineral. 72 (note) The Germans and other nations call this substance Feld-spat, that is feild or vague spar; a name very inadequate to its nature, as it touches no wise on the sparry class. I have therefore, in my Lectures, given it the English name of Rhombic Quartz.
1817 J. Sutcliffe Short Introd. Study Geol. 39 They differ widely in colour and character, according to the rhombic quartz, the feldspar..&c. which, in different places, enter into their composition.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2010; most recently modified version published online March 2022).
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adj.n.1671
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