biern.

Brit.

/bɪə/, U.S.

/bɪ(ə)r/

Forms: Old English bǽr, ber, Middle English bære, bare, byer, Middle English–1500s bere, Middle English–1600s beer(e, Middle English–1500s Scottish beyr, Middle English–1600s bear(e, 1500s beir(e, 1500s–1600s biere, 1500s– bier.

Origin: A word inherited from Germanic.

Etymology: Common Germanic: Old English, West Saxon bǽr , Anglian bér , = Old Saxon, Old High German bâra (Middle High German bâre , modern German bahre ), Old Germanic *bêrâ feminine < beran to bear; compare Old Norse barar feminine plural, also barrow n.⁴ The modern spelling (since 1600) appears to be due to imitation of the French form bière, < Old High German bâra (compare Provençal bera, Italian bara).

†1. A framework for carrying; a handbarrow; a litter, a stretcher. Obsolete exc. Historical.

ΘΚΠ

society > travel > means of travel > a conveyance > conveyance carried by person or animal > [noun] > hand-barrow

bierc890

barrowc950

barrowc1300

handbarrow1511

fercule1606

c890 tr. Bede Eccl. Hist. v. xix. (Bosw.) On his þegna handum on bære boren wæs.

c975 Rushw. G. John v. 8 Aris & ginim bere ðine & gaa.

c1300 Beket 899 Ibare in barewe other in bere.

1535 Bible (Coverdale) 2 Macc. iii. 27 They toke him vp and bare him out vpon a beare.

1582 R. Stanyhurst tr. Virgil First Foure Bookes Æneis iv. 76 On beers her softlye reposing.

1609 W. Shakespeare Sonnets xii. sig. B3^v Sommers greene all girded vp in sheaues Borne on the beare with white and bristly beard.

1851 T. H. Turner Some Acct. Domest. Archit. I. iv. 140 Horse litters or beres were also in use.

a. The movable stand on which a corpse, whether in a coffin or not, is placed before burial; that on which it is carried to the grave.

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > death > obsequies > funeral equipment > [noun] > bier

bier1387

feretoryc1400

byre1467

coffin1526

horse1597

fercule1606

hearse1610

sandapile1623

wheel-bier1898

handy1909

OE Cynewulf Elene 872 Þa þær menigo cwom, folc unlytel, ond gefærenne man brohton on bære beorna þreate on neaweste.

c1175 Ormulum (Burchfield transcript) l. 8167 All þe bære wass bileȝȝd Wiþþ bætenn gold. & sillferr.

1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) 2 Sam. iii. 31 Forsothe Dauid folwide the beere [Cov. bere].

1387 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden Polychron. (1527) v. xiii A byer [L. feretrum] of a wonder werke is yet seen at Dorchester aboue the place of his fyrste graue.

a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 20703 Four of þapostles ber þe bere.

1565 J. Jewel Replie Hardinges Answeare iv. 283 Who so euer was chosen Bishop there, shoulde come to the Beare, and laye his Predecessours hande vpon his heade.

1611 Bible (King James) 2 Sam. iii. 31 King Dauid himselfe followed the biere .

1611 Bible (King James) Luke vii. 14 Hee came and touched the beere .

1658 Sir T. Browne Hydriotaphia: Urne-buriall i. 7 Feretra or Beers of Wood.

a1701 H. Maundrell Journey Aleppo to Jerusalem (1703) 99 He had seiz'd the Bier.

1877 W. C. Bryant Little People 303 Following the bier, Chanted a sad and solemn melody.

b. Put for the corpse on the bier. rare.

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > death > obsequies > funeral equipment > [noun] > bier > corpse on

bier1595

1595 E. Spenser Astrophel in Colin Clouts come Home Againe sig. F3 The dolefulst beare that euer man did see, Was Astrophel.

3. transferred. A tomb, a sepulchre.

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > death > disposal of corpse > burial > grave or burial-place > [noun]

buriels854

througheOE

burianOE

graveOE

lairc1000

lair-stowc1000

lich-restc1000

pitOE

grass-bedOE

buriness1175

earth housec1200

sepulchrec1200

tombc1300

lakec1320

buriala1325

monumenta1325

burying-place1382

resting placea1387

sepulturea1387

beda1400

earth-beda1400

longhousea1400

laystow1452

lying1480

delfa1500

worms' kitchen?a1500

bier1513

laystall1527

funeral?a1534

lay-bed1541

restall1557

cellarc1560

burying-grave1599

pit-hole1602

urn1607

cell1609

hearse1610

polyandrum1627

requietory1631

burial-place1633

mortuary1654

narrow cell1686

ground-sweat1699

sacred place1728

narrow house1792

plot1852

narrow bed1854

1513 G. Douglas tr. Virgil Æneid iii. i. 116 To Polidorus wp a beir We ereckit.

1535 W. Stewart tr. H. Boethius Bk. Cron. Scotl. (1858) II. 600 Tuke the Scottis in the feild war slane, To Crissin bereis in the tyme thame buir.

1590 E. Spenser Faerie Queene iii. iii. sig. Dd7^v He was surprisd, and buried under beare.

1808 W. Scott Marmion i. Introd. 13 Drop upon Fox's grave the tear, 'Twill trickle to his rival's bier.

†4. to bring to, on, or upon (one's) bier: to bring to the grave or to death, to put to death; in passive, to meet one's death, die. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > death > [verb (passive)]

miscarryc1440

to bring to, on, or upon (one's) bierc1480

snatch1597

remove1832

take1920

the world > life > death > killing > kill [verb (transitive)]

swevec725

quelmeOE

slayc893

quelleOE

of-falleOE

ofslayeOE

aquellc950

ayeteeOE

spillc950

beliveOE

to bring (also do) of (one's) life-dayOE

fordoa1000

forfarea1000

asweveOE

drepeOE

forleseOE

martyrOE

to do (also i-do, draw) of lifeOE

bringc1175

off-quellc1175

quenchc1175

forswelta1225

adeadc1225

to bring of daysc1225

to do to deathc1225

to draw (a person) to deathc1225

murder?c1225

aslayc1275

forferec1275

to lay to ground, to earth (Sc. at eird)c1275

martyrc1300

strangle1303

destroya1325

misdoa1325

killc1330

tailc1330

to take the life of (also fro)c1330

enda1340

to kill to (into, unto) death1362

brittena1375

deadc1374

to ding to deathc1380

mortifya1382

perisha1387

to dight to death1393

colea1400

fella1400

kill out (away, down, up)a1400

to slay up or downa1400

swelta1400

voida1400

deliverc1400

starvec1425

jugylc1440

morta1450

to bring to, on, or upon (one's) bierc1480

to put offc1485

to-slaya1500

to make away with1502

to put (a person or thing) to silencec1503

rida1513

to put downa1525

to hang out of the way1528

dispatch?1529

strikea1535

occidea1538

to firk to death, (out) of lifec1540

to fling to deathc1540

extinct1548

to make out of the way1551

to fet offa1556

to cut offc1565

to make away?1566

occise1575

spoil1578

senda1586

to put away1588

exanimate1593

unmortalize1593

speed1594

unlive1594

execute1597

dislive1598

extinguish1598

to lay along1599

to make hence1605

conclude1606

kill off1607

disanimate1609

feeze1609

to smite, stab in, under the fifth rib1611

to kill dead1615

transporta1616

spatch1616

to take off1619

mactate1623

to make meat of1632

to turn up1642

inanimate1647

pop1649

enecate1657

cadaverate1658

expedite1678

to make dog's meat of1679

to make mincemeat of1709

sluice1749

finisha1753

royna1770

still1778

do1780

deaden1807

deathifyc1810

to lay out1829

cool1833

to use up1833

puckeroo1840

to rub out1840

cadaverize1841

to put under the sod1847

suicide1852

outkill1860

to fix1875

to put under1879

corpse1884

stiffen1888

tip1891

to do away with1899

to take out1900

stretch1902

red-light1906

huff1919

to knock rotten1919

skittle1919

liquidate1924

clip1927

to set over1931

creasea1935

ice1941

lose1942

to put to sleep1942

zap1942

to take down1967

wax1968

trash1973

ace1975

c1480 Childe Bristowe 132 in Remains Early Pop. Poetry Eng. (1864) 116 Sone, now y pray the, myn attourney that thu be, when y am broght to bere.

1513 G. Douglas tr. Virgil Æneid x. x. 138 This Dardane prince Sa mony douchty corpsis brocht on beyr.

1559 D. Lindsay Test. Papyngo l. 405 in Wks. (1931) I

1559 W. Baldwin et al. Myrroure for Magistrates Suffolk xvi Through privy murder we brought him to his beere.

1559 W. Baldwin et al. Myrroure for Magistrates Mempr. v When I had my brother brought on beire.

Compounds

C1. General attributive.

bier-carrier n.

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > death > obsequies > people involved in funeral > [noun] > coffin- or bier-carrier

bier-carrier1654

underbearer1700

1654 J. Trapp Comm. Job xxxiii. 22 His life..to the Bier-carryers, say the Tigurines.

C2.

† bier-balk n. Obsolete a balk in a field where there is a right of way for funerals.

ΘΚΠ

society > travel > means of travel > route or way > way, passage, or means of access to a place > [noun] > between arable fields > where there is right of way for funerals

bier-balk1563

1563 2nd Tome Homelyes sig. Ssss.iv Where their auncetours left, of theyr lande, a brode and sufficient beere balke, to cary the corps to the christen sepulture.

bier-cloth n. a pall.

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > death > obsequies > funeral equipment > [noun] > pall

pallc1400

mortcloth1497

hearse-cloth1522

hearse1530

pall cloth1541

bier-cloth1549

coffin-cloth1625

grave-cloth1646

death cloth1699

hearse-cover1885

1549 Invent. Ch. Goods in Norfolk Archæol. (1865) VII. 34 Itm ij beer clothes, whereof the on is of blacke worsted, the other of canvasse.

1693 London Gaz. No. 2845/4 Two black Bier Cloths.

† bier-right n. Obsolete an ordeal in which a person, accused of murder, was required to approach the corpse, and clear himself on oath.

ΘΚΠ

society > law > administration of justice > court proceedings or procedure > trying or hearing of cause > [noun] > trial > trial by ordeal > types of

corsneda1000

water-ordeallOE

waterdoom1580

fire ordeal1612

alfet1678

bier-right1828

1828 W. Scott Fair Maid of Perth viii, in Chron. Canongate 2nd Ser. II. 237 I have heard of the bier-right, Sir Louis.

† bier-tree n. Obsolete the frame of a bier.

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > death > obsequies > funeral equipment > [noun] > bier > frame of

bier-treec1440

c1440 Bone Flor. 1350 Broght hym home on a bere-tree.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1887; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	bier
释义	biern. Brit. /bɪə/, U.S. /bɪ(ə)r/ Forms: Old English bǽr, ber, Middle English bære, bare, byer, Middle English–1500s bere, Middle English–1600s beer(e, Middle English–1500s Scottish beyr, Middle English–1600s bear(e, 1500s beir(e, 1500s–1600s biere, 1500s– bier. Origin: A word inherited from Germanic. Etymology: Common Germanic: Old English, West Saxon bǽr , Anglian bér , = Old Saxon, Old High German bâra (Middle High German bâre , modern German bahre ), Old Germanic bêrâ feminine < beran* to bear; compare Old Norse barar feminine plural, also barrow n.⁴ The modern spelling (since 1600) appears to be due to imitation of the French form bière, < Old High German bâra (compare Provençal bera, Italian bara). †1. A framework for carrying; a handbarrow; a litter, a stretcher. Obsolete exc. Historical. ΘΚΠ society > travel > means of travel > a conveyance > conveyance carried by person or animal > [noun] > hand-barrow bierc890 barrowc950 barrowc1300 handbarrow1511 fercule1606 c890 tr. Bede Eccl. Hist. v. xix. (Bosw.) On his þegna handum on bære boren wæs. c975 Rushw. G. John v. 8 Aris & ginim bere ðine & gaa. c1300 Beket 899 Ibare in barewe other in bere. 1535 Bible (Coverdale) 2 Macc. iii. 27 They toke him vp and bare him out vpon a beare. 1582 R. Stanyhurst tr. Virgil First Foure Bookes Æneis iv. 76 On beers her softlye reposing. 1609 W. Shakespeare Sonnets xii. sig. B3^v Sommers greene all girded vp in sheaues Borne on the beare with white and bristly beard. View more context for this quotation 1851 T. H. Turner Some Acct. Domest. Archit. I. iv. 140 Horse litters or beres were also in use. 2. a. The movable stand on which a corpse, whether in a coffin or not, is placed before burial; that on which it is carried to the grave. ΘΚΠ the world > life > death > obsequies > funeral equipment > [noun] > bier bier1387 feretoryc1400 byre1467 coffin1526 horse1597 fercule1606 hearse1610 sandapile1623 wheel-bier1898 handy1909 OE Cynewulf Elene 872 Þa þær menigo cwom, folc unlytel, ond gefærenne man brohton on bære beorna þreate on neaweste. c1175 Ormulum (Burchfield transcript) l. 8167 All þe bære wass bileȝȝd Wiþþ bætenn gold. & sillferr. 1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) 2 Sam. iii. 31 Forsothe Dauid folwide the beere [Cov. bere]. 1387 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden Polychron. (1527) v. xiii A byer [L. feretrum] of a wonder werke is yet seen at Dorchester aboue the place of his fyrste graue. a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 20703 Four of þapostles ber þe bere. 1565 J. Jewel Replie Hardinges Answeare iv. 283 Who so euer was chosen Bishop there, shoulde come to the Beare, and laye his Predecessours hande vpon his heade. 1611 Bible (King James) 2 Sam. iii. 31 King Dauid himselfe followed the biere . View more context for this quotation 1611 Bible (King James) Luke vii. 14 Hee came and touched the beere . View more context for this quotation 1658 Sir T. Browne Hydriotaphia: Urne-buriall i. 7 Feretra or Beers of Wood. a1701 H. Maundrell Journey Aleppo to Jerusalem (1703) 99 He had seiz'd the Bier. 1877 W. C. Bryant Little People 303 Following the bier, Chanted a sad and solemn melody. b. Put for the corpse on the bier. rare. ΘΚΠ the world > life > death > obsequies > funeral equipment > [noun] > bier > corpse on bier1595 1595 E. Spenser Astrophel in Colin Clouts come Home Againe sig. F3 The dolefulst beare that euer man did see, Was Astrophel. 3. transferred. A tomb, a sepulchre. ΘΚΠ the world > life > death > disposal of corpse > burial > grave or burial-place > [noun] buriels854 througheOE burianOE graveOE lairc1000 lair-stowc1000 lich-restc1000 pitOE grass-bedOE buriness1175 earth housec1200 sepulchrec1200 tombc1300 lakec1320 buriala1325 monumenta1325 burying-place1382 resting placea1387 sepulturea1387 beda1400 earth-beda1400 longhousea1400 laystow1452 lying1480 delfa1500 worms' kitchen?a1500 bier1513 laystall1527 funeral?a1534 lay-bed1541 restall1557 cellarc1560 burying-grave1599 pit-hole1602 urn1607 cell1609 hearse1610 polyandrum1627 requietory1631 burial-place1633 mortuary1654 narrow cell1686 ground-sweat1699 sacred place1728 narrow house1792 plot1852 narrow bed1854 1513 G. Douglas tr. Virgil Æneid iii. i. 116 To Polidorus wp a beir We ereckit. 1535 W. Stewart tr. H. Boethius Bk. Cron. Scotl. (1858) II. 600 Tuke the Scottis in the feild war slane, To Crissin bereis in the tyme thame buir. 1590 E. Spenser Faerie Queene iii. iii. sig. Dd7^v He was surprisd, and buried under beare. 1808 W. Scott Marmion i. Introd. 13 Drop upon Fox's grave the tear, 'Twill trickle to his rival's bier. †4. to bring to, on, or upon (one's) bier: to bring to the grave or to death, to put to death; in passive, to meet one's death, die. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > life > death > [verb (passive)] miscarryc1440 to bring to, on, or upon (one's) bierc1480 snatch1597 remove1832 take1920 the world > life > death > killing > kill [verb (transitive)] swevec725 quelmeOE slayc893 quelleOE of-falleOE ofslayeOE aquellc950 ayeteeOE spillc950 beliveOE to bring (also do) of (one's) life-dayOE fordoa1000 forfarea1000 asweveOE drepeOE forleseOE martyrOE to do (also i-do, draw) of lifeOE bringc1175 off-quellc1175 quenchc1175 forswelta1225 adeadc1225 to bring of daysc1225 to do to deathc1225 to draw (a person) to deathc1225 murder?c1225 aslayc1275 forferec1275 to lay to ground, to earth (Sc. at eird)c1275 martyrc1300 strangle1303 destroya1325 misdoa1325 killc1330 tailc1330 to take the life of (also fro)c1330 enda1340 to kill to (into, unto) death1362 brittena1375 deadc1374 to ding to deathc1380 mortifya1382 perisha1387 to dight to death1393 colea1400 fella1400 kill out (away, down, up)a1400 to slay up or downa1400 swelta1400 voida1400 deliverc1400 starvec1425 jugylc1440 morta1450 to bring to, on, or upon (one's) bierc1480 to put offc1485 to-slaya1500 to make away with1502 to put (a person or thing) to silencec1503 rida1513 to put downa1525 to hang out of the way1528 dispatch?1529 strikea1535 occidea1538 to firk to death, (out) of lifec1540 to fling to deathc1540 extinct1548 to make out of the way1551 to fet offa1556 to cut offc1565 to make away?1566 occise1575 spoil1578 senda1586 to put away1588 exanimate1593 unmortalize1593 speed1594 unlive1594 execute1597 dislive1598 extinguish1598 to lay along1599 to make hence1605 conclude1606 kill off1607 disanimate1609 feeze1609 to smite, stab in, under the fifth rib1611 to kill dead1615 transporta1616 spatch1616 to take off1619 mactate1623 to make meat of1632 to turn up1642 inanimate1647 pop1649 enecate1657 cadaverate1658 expedite1678 to make dog's meat of1679 to make mincemeat of1709 sluice1749 finisha1753 royna1770 still1778 do1780 deaden1807 deathifyc1810 to lay out1829 cool1833 to use up1833 puckeroo1840 to rub out1840 cadaverize1841 to put under the sod1847 suicide1852 outkill1860 to fix1875 to put under1879 corpse1884 stiffen1888 tip1891 to do away with1899 to take out1900 stretch1902 red-light1906 huff1919 to knock rotten1919 skittle1919 liquidate1924 clip1927 to set over1931 creasea1935 ice1941 lose1942 to put to sleep1942 zap1942 hit1955 to take down1967 wax1968 trash1973 ace1975 c1480 Childe Bristowe 132 in Remains Early Pop. Poetry Eng. (1864) 116 Sone, now y pray the, myn attourney that thu be, when y am broght to bere. 1513 G. Douglas tr. Virgil Æneid x. x. 138 This Dardane prince Sa mony douchty corpsis brocht on beyr. 1559 D. Lindsay Test. Papyngo l. 405 in Wks. (1931) I 1559 W. Baldwin et al. Myrroure for Magistrates Suffolk xvi Through privy murder we brought him to his beere. 1559 W. Baldwin et al. Myrroure for Magistrates Mempr. v When I had my brother brought on beire. Compounds C1. General attributive. bier-carrier n. ΘΚΠ the world > life > death > obsequies > people involved in funeral > [noun] > coffin- or bier-carrier bier-carrier1654 underbearer1700 1654 J. Trapp Comm. Job xxxiii. 22 His life..to the Bier-carryers, say the Tigurines. C2. † bier-balk n. Obsolete a balk in a field where there is a right of way for funerals. ΘΚΠ society > travel > means of travel > route or way > way, passage, or means of access to a place > [noun] > between arable fields > where there is right of way for funerals bier-balk1563 1563 2nd Tome Homelyes sig. Ssss.iv Where their auncetours left, of theyr lande, a brode and sufficient beere balke, to cary the corps to the christen sepulture. bier-cloth n. a pall. ΘΚΠ the world > life > death > obsequies > funeral equipment > [noun] > pall pallc1400 mortcloth1497 hearse-cloth1522 hearse1530 pall cloth1541 bier-cloth1549 coffin-cloth1625 grave-cloth1646 death cloth1699 hearse-cover1885 1549 Invent. Ch. Goods in Norfolk Archæol. (1865) VII. 34 Itm ij beer clothes, whereof the on is of blacke worsted, the other of canvasse. 1693 London Gaz. No. 2845/4 Two black Bier Cloths. † bier-right n. Obsolete an ordeal in which a person, accused of murder, was required to approach the corpse, and clear himself on oath. ΘΚΠ society > law > administration of justice > court proceedings or procedure > trying or hearing of cause > [noun] > trial > trial by ordeal > types of corsneda1000 water-ordeallOE waterdoom1580 fire ordeal1612 alfet1678 bier-right1828 1828 W. Scott Fair Maid of Perth viii, in Chron. Canongate 2nd Ser. II. 237 I have heard of the bier-right, Sir Louis. † bier-tree n. Obsolete the frame of a bier. ΘΚΠ the world > life > death > obsequies > funeral equipment > [noun] > bier > frame of bier-treec1440 c1440 Bone Flor. 1350 Broght hym home on a bere-tree. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1887; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.c890
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