runneln.¹

Brit.

/ˈrʌnl/, U.S.

/ˈrən(ə)l/

Forms: 1500s–1600s 1800s– runnell, 1600s runnil, 1600s runnill, 1600s– runnel; see also rundle n.²

Origin: Either (i) a variant or alteration of another lexical item. Or (ii) formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: rindle n.; run v., -el suffix¹

Etymology: Either an alteration of rindle n. (see α. forms at rindle n.) after run v., or independently < run v. + -el suffix¹ . Compare post-classical Latin runilus ditch (1497 in a British source). Compare runnet n.²Perhaps attested earlier in the place name Ronnelond, Devon (1330; now Runland).

1. A small stream of water; a rill, a rivulet; a trickle. Also figurative.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the earth > water > rivers and streams > stream > [noun] > rivulet or runnel

rindleeOE

runningc1350

stripec1440

ruissel1477

channel1478

veina1500

rivel1542

rivereta1552

rivulet1577

rundle1577

runnel1577

runner1578

runnet1601

rival1602

riverling1605

run1605

riveling1615

creek1622

drill1641

vein riveret1652

riverlet1654

rigolet1771

runlet1801

1577 D. Settle True Rep. Voy. Frobisher sig. Dij^v The water..sinketh into the earth, and so vanisheth awaye, without any runnell aboue the earth.

1600 E. Fairfax tr. T. Tasso Godfrey of Bulloigne xii. lxvii. 226 With murmur lowd downe from the mountaines side A little runnell tumbled neere the place.

1623 J. Hayward Davids Teares (new ed.) 252 Siens of that corrupted tree, Runnells flowing from that poysonous spring.

1656 in Rec. Braintree, Mass. (1886) 7 This way..formerly going up the rockes straight from the runnill of water in the country highway.

1747 W. Collins Odes 49 Dashing soft from Rocks around, Bubbling Runnels join'd the Sound.

1786 S. Henley tr. W. Beckford Arabian Tale 90 Vathek applied his ear, with the hope of catching the sound of some latent runnel.

1817 W. Scott Harold vi. xvii. 195 He placed her on a bank of moss, A silver runnel bubbled by.

1865 A. Smith Summer in Skye I. 243 Ossian drew into himself every lyrical runnel.

1883 G. C. Davies Norfolk Broads xxvi. 198 Herons stand in the little runnels which trickle over the flats.

1935 M. M. Atwater Crime in Corn-weather i. 2 The little river—at this season no more than a network of shallow runnels between thirsty sand bars.

1971 L. Beckwith About my Father's Business (1973) xiii. 163 I was only too eager to..turn on the tap of the barrel and watch the varnish-brown runnel filling the jar.

1983 Observer Mag. 10 Apr. 41/1 [His] photographs of theatre folk tended to obliterate the runnels of time rather than show them up.

2009 Guardian (Nexis) 20 Oct. (G2 section) 19 [His] body is criss-crossed with welts,..runnels of fresh blood soaking into his loincloth.

2. A small channel in which water may flow; a gutter; (more generally) a groove, a furrow.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the earth > water > rivers and streams > stream > [noun] > channel for conveyance of water

water leatOE

water lade1224

leat1279

watergang1293

sow1316

trough1398

wissinga1400

lanec1420

waterway1431

water leasow1440

watercoursea1450

fleam1523

lead1541

cut1548

aqueducta1552

lake1559

strand1565

race1570

channel1581

watergauge1597

gout1598

server1610

carriage1669

runnel1669

aquage1706

shoot1707

tewel1725

run1761

penstock1763

hulve1764

way-gang1766

culvert1774

flume1784

shute1790

pentrough1793

raceway1793

water carriage1793

carrier1794

conductor1796

water carrier1827

penchute1875

chute1878

by-cut1883

1669 W. Simpson Hydrologia Chymica 296 The rain..is carryed away by runnels.

1779 G. Edwards Some Observ. assisting Farmers 6 Keeping water-furrows and runnels open.

1863 M. Howitt tr. F. Bremer Greece & Greeks II. xiv. 102 A clear stream of water flowed..into a stone runnel along the floor.

1883 Fortn. Rev. July 144 Small runnels are generally chiselled for the purpose of conducting the water into the cistern.

1932 Open Air Year (Times Publishing Co.) 3 In every ditch fed by a ploughed field the mouths of the runnels are strewn with accumulations of silt.

1943 M. Lavin Tales from Bective Bridge 17 The tears were streaming..down the easy runnels of her dried and wrinkled face.

1984 J. Seymour Forgotten Arts (1985) 68/2 Runnels were cut in the sand of the top box through which the metal was to be poured.

2004 I. McDonald River of Gods (2005) xlvi. 462 Rain..leaping into the overloaded runnels and downpipes.

3. English regional (Yorkshire). A funnel for pouring liquid. Now rare.

ΚΠ

1855 F. K. Robinson Gloss. Yorks. Words 144 Runnel,..a funnel by which liquids are poured into bottles.

1876 C. C. Robinson Gloss. Words Dial. Mid-Yorks. Runnel,..a funnel.

1928 A. E. Pease Dict. Dial. N. Riding Yorks. Runnel,..a funnel for pouring water into bottles, &c.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2011; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

runneln.²

Brit.

/ˈrʌnl/, U.S.

/ˈrən(ə)l/

Forms: 1600s–1800s runnel, 1700s ronell (Scottish), 1700s–1800s runnell.

Origin: Of uncertain origin. Perhaps a variant or alteration of another lexical item. Etymon: rundle n.¹

Etymology: Origin uncertain. Perhaps a variant of rundle n.¹ (compare rundle n.¹ 9). Alternatively, perhaps a diminutive formation (compare -el suffix¹) ultimately < the same early Scandinavian base as rone n.² (in which case rundle n.¹ 9 may show a variant of this word, perhaps by association with other senses of rundle n.¹). Eng. Dial. Dict. (at cited word) records the word as still in use in Worcestershire in 1903.

Chiefly English regional (northern and midlands). Now rare.

A branch or shoot growing upon a pollarded tree; wood in this form. Also: a pollarded or stunted tree (sometimes more fully runnel tree).

ΘΚΠ

the world > plants > by growth or development > defined by habit > tree or woody plant > cultivated or valued > [noun] > lopped or sculpted tree or pollard

pollinger1570

pollard1588

lop1656

runnel1673

bolling1691

rundlea1697

polder1704

lop-stick1821

animal tree1884

1673 J. Ray N. Countrey Words in Coll. Eng. Words 39 Runnel, pollard wood, from running up apace.

1720 in H. Hamilton Select. Monymusk Papers (1945) 87 I spock to Pittodrie for ronell trees.

1861 W. Barnes in Macmillan's Mag. June 127 If an ash-tree is polled, there grow out of its head..young runnells.

1879 G. F. Jackson Shropshire Word-bk. Runnel, an old stunted tree, usually a pollard, and hollow.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2011; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

runnelv.

Brit.

/ˈrʌnl/, U.S.

/ˈrən(ə)l/

Inflections: Present participle (chiefly U.S.) runneling, runnelling; Past tense and past participle (chiefly U.S.) runneled, runnelled;

Origin: Formed within English, by conversion. Etymon: runnel n.¹

Etymology: < runnel n.¹ Compare earlier runnelling adj.

1. intransitive. To flow or move in a runnel or runnels.

ΚΠ

1862 A. J. Symington Pen & Pencil Sketches Faröe & Iceland 205 Beneath the fall, it [sc. the river] flows peacefully along, runnelling and rippling on, to the blue fiord, through the quiet green valley.

1937 Billings (Montana) Gaz. 6 Aug. 4/4 Erosion then started, wind erosion and, with the return of rains or snow cover, water erosion. With no vegetation or very little to hold the soil, it runnelled away, little by little.

1961 Sewanee Rev. 69 235 She sat.., hearing the soft trickle where the overflow spilled and runneled away to the creek.

2005 R. Story More than you Know 240 She looked at Ginny,..a trail of spittle runneling down her chin from the corner of her mouth.

2. transitive. To form streams or channels on (a surface); to furrow, channel.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the earth > water > rivers and streams > stream > [verb (transitive)] > form streams or channels in

runnel1920

the world > the earth > structure of the earth > formation of features > erosion or weathering > erode [verb (transitive)] > cut channels or holes

gull1577

rout1726

wash1766

scour1773

gully1775

erode1830

gorge1849

ravine1858

ream1859

channel1862

canyon1878

to plough out1886

cañon1889

incise1893

runnel1920

1920 A. Fritchey Jars of Life 51 The tawny mountains runneled by time's wear.

1934 H. Roth Call it Sleep ii. iii. 145 Sweat runnelled his aunt's cheeks.

1978 M. L'Engle Swiftly Tilting Planet (1981) viii. 161 Gaudior turned inland around the edge of the ice cliff, moving up on slipping sand runneled by melting ice.

2001 Guardian (Nexis) 25 June 22 20 years have washed over them, runnelling their faces and wearing away their hair.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2011; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

n.¹1577

n.²1673

v.1862

单词	runnel
释义	runneln.¹ Brit. /ˈrʌnl/, U.S. /ˈrən(ə)l/ Forms: 1500s–1600s 1800s– runnell, 1600s runnil, 1600s runnill, 1600s– runnel; see also rundle n.² Origin: Either (i) a variant or alteration of another lexical item. Or (ii) formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: rindle n.; run v., -el suffix¹ Etymology: Either an alteration of rindle n. (see α. forms at rindle n.) after run v., or independently < run v. + -el suffix¹ . Compare post-classical Latin runilus ditch (1497 in a British source). Compare runnet n.²Perhaps attested earlier in the place name Ronnelond, Devon (1330; now Runland). 1. A small stream of water; a rill, a rivulet; a trickle. Also figurative. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > water > rivers and streams > stream > [noun] > rivulet or runnel rindleeOE runningc1350 stripec1440 ruissel1477 channel1478 veina1500 rivel1542 rivereta1552 rivulet1577 rundle1577 runnel1577 runner1578 runnet1601 rival1602 riverling1605 run1605 riveling1615 creek1622 drill1641 vein riveret1652 riverlet1654 rigolet1771 runlet1801 1577 D. Settle True Rep. Voy. Frobisher sig. Dij^v The water..sinketh into the earth, and so vanisheth awaye, without any runnell aboue the earth. 1600 E. Fairfax tr. T. Tasso Godfrey of Bulloigne xii. lxvii. 226 With murmur lowd downe from the mountaines side A little runnell tumbled neere the place. 1623 J. Hayward Davids Teares (new ed.) 252 Siens of that corrupted tree, Runnells flowing from that poysonous spring. 1656 in Rec. Braintree, Mass. (1886) 7 This way..formerly going up the rockes straight from the runnill of water in the country highway. 1747 W. Collins Odes 49 Dashing soft from Rocks around, Bubbling Runnels join'd the Sound. 1786 S. Henley tr. W. Beckford Arabian Tale 90 Vathek applied his ear, with the hope of catching the sound of some latent runnel. 1817 W. Scott Harold vi. xvii. 195 He placed her on a bank of moss, A silver runnel bubbled by. 1865 A. Smith Summer in Skye I. 243 Ossian drew into himself every lyrical runnel. 1883 G. C. Davies Norfolk Broads xxvi. 198 Herons stand in the little runnels which trickle over the flats. 1935 M. M. Atwater Crime in Corn-weather i. 2 The little river—at this season no more than a network of shallow runnels between thirsty sand bars. 1971 L. Beckwith About my Father's Business (1973) xiii. 163 I was only too eager to..turn on the tap of the barrel and watch the varnish-brown runnel filling the jar. 1983 Observer Mag. 10 Apr. 41/1 [His] photographs of theatre folk tended to obliterate the runnels of time rather than show them up. 2009 Guardian (Nexis) 20 Oct. (G2 section) 19 [His] body is criss-crossed with welts,..runnels of fresh blood soaking into his loincloth. 2. A small channel in which water may flow; a gutter; (more generally) a groove, a furrow. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > water > rivers and streams > stream > [noun] > channel for conveyance of water water leatOE water lade1224 leat1279 watergang1293 sow1316 trough1398 wissinga1400 lanec1420 waterway1431 water leasow1440 watercoursea1450 fleam1523 lead1541 cut1548 aqueducta1552 lake1559 strand1565 race1570 channel1581 watergauge1597 gout1598 server1610 carriage1669 runnel1669 aquage1706 shoot1707 tewel1725 run1761 penstock1763 hulve1764 way-gang1766 culvert1774 flume1784 shute1790 pentrough1793 raceway1793 water carriage1793 carrier1794 conductor1796 water carrier1827 penchute1875 chute1878 by-cut1883 1669 W. Simpson Hydrologia Chymica 296 The rain..is carryed away by runnels. 1779 G. Edwards Some Observ. assisting Farmers 6 Keeping water-furrows and runnels open. 1863 M. Howitt tr. F. Bremer Greece & Greeks II. xiv. 102 A clear stream of water flowed..into a stone runnel along the floor. 1883 Fortn. Rev. July 144 Small runnels are generally chiselled for the purpose of conducting the water into the cistern. 1932 Open Air Year (Times Publishing Co.) 3 In every ditch fed by a ploughed field the mouths of the runnels are strewn with accumulations of silt. 1943 M. Lavin Tales from Bective Bridge 17 The tears were streaming..down the easy runnels of her dried and wrinkled face. 1984 J. Seymour Forgotten Arts (1985) 68/2 Runnels were cut in the sand of the top box through which the metal was to be poured. 2004 I. McDonald River of Gods (2005) xlvi. 462 Rain..leaping into the overloaded runnels and downpipes. 3. English regional (Yorkshire). A funnel for pouring liquid. Now rare. ΚΠ 1855 F. K. Robinson Gloss. Yorks. Words 144 Runnel,..a funnel by which liquids are poured into bottles. 1876 C. C. Robinson Gloss. Words Dial. Mid-Yorks. Runnel,..a funnel. 1928 A. E. Pease Dict. Dial. N. Riding Yorks. Runnel,..a funnel for pouring water into bottles, &c. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2011; most recently modified version published online March 2022). runneln.² Brit. /ˈrʌnl/, U.S. /ˈrən(ə)l/ Forms: 1600s–1800s runnel, 1700s ronell (Scottish), 1700s–1800s runnell. Origin: Of uncertain origin. Perhaps a variant or alteration of another lexical item. Etymon: rundle n.¹ Etymology: Origin uncertain. Perhaps a variant of rundle n.¹ (compare rundle n.¹ 9). Alternatively, perhaps a diminutive formation (compare -el suffix¹) ultimately < the same early Scandinavian base as rone n.² (in which case rundle n.¹ 9 may show a variant of this word, perhaps by association with other senses of rundle n.¹). Eng. Dial. Dict. (at cited word) records the word as still in use in Worcestershire in 1903. Chiefly English regional (northern and midlands). Now rare. A branch or shoot growing upon a pollarded tree; wood in this form. Also: a pollarded or stunted tree (sometimes more fully runnel tree). ΘΚΠ the world > plants > by growth or development > defined by habit > tree or woody plant > cultivated or valued > [noun] > lopped or sculpted tree or pollard pollinger1570 pollard1588 lop1656 runnel1673 bolling1691 rundlea1697 polder1704 lop-stick1821 animal tree1884 1673 J. Ray N. Countrey Words in Coll. Eng. Words 39 Runnel, pollard wood, from running up apace. 1720 in H. Hamilton Select. Monymusk Papers (1945) 87 I spock to Pittodrie for ronell trees. 1861 W. Barnes in Macmillan's Mag. June 127 If an ash-tree is polled, there grow out of its head..young runnells. 1879 G. F. Jackson Shropshire Word-bk. Runnel, an old stunted tree, usually a pollard, and hollow. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2011; most recently modified version published online March 2022). runnelv. Brit. /ˈrʌnl/, U.S. /ˈrən(ə)l/ Inflections: Present participle (chiefly U.S.) runneling, runnelling; Past tense and past participle (chiefly U.S.) runneled, runnelled; Origin: Formed within English, by conversion. Etymon: runnel n.¹ Etymology: < runnel n.¹ Compare earlier runnelling adj. 1. intransitive. To flow or move in a runnel or runnels. ΚΠ 1862 A. J. Symington Pen & Pencil Sketches Faröe & Iceland 205 Beneath the fall, it [sc. the river] flows peacefully along, runnelling and rippling on, to the blue fiord, through the quiet green valley. 1937 Billings (Montana) Gaz. 6 Aug. 4/4 Erosion then started, wind erosion and, with the return of rains or snow cover, water erosion. With no vegetation or very little to hold the soil, it runnelled away, little by little. 1961 Sewanee Rev. 69 235 She sat.., hearing the soft trickle where the overflow spilled and runneled away to the creek. 2005 R. Story More than you Know 240 She looked at Ginny,..a trail of spittle runneling down her chin from the corner of her mouth. 2. transitive. To form streams or channels on (a surface); to furrow, channel. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > water > rivers and streams > stream > [verb (transitive)] > form streams or channels in runnel1920 the world > the earth > structure of the earth > formation of features > erosion or weathering > erode [verb (transitive)] > cut channels or holes gull1577 rout1726 wash1766 scour1773 gully1775 erode1830 gorge1849 ravine1858 ream1859 channel1862 canyon1878 to plough out1886 cañon1889 incise1893 runnel1920 1920 A. Fritchey Jars of Life 51 The tawny mountains runneled by time's wear. 1934 H. Roth Call it Sleep ii. iii. 145 Sweat runnelled his aunt's cheeks. 1978 M. L'Engle Swiftly Tilting Planet (1981) viii. 161 Gaudior turned inland around the edge of the ice cliff, moving up on slipping sand runneled by melting ice. 2001 Guardian (Nexis) 25 June 22 20 years have washed over them, runnelling their faces and wearing away their hair. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2011; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.¹1577n.²1673v.1862
随便看	uricosuric uricotelic uricotelism uricotelisms uride uridine uridines uridrosis uridylic uridylic acid urient urim urim and thummim urinable urinaemia urinal urinal cherry urinal metal urinal monger urinal stall urinal-glass urinal-like urinalglass urinalist urinallike

runneln.1

runneln.2

runnelv.

runneln.¹

runneln.²