| 释义 |
rown.1 Origin: Of uncertain origin. Etymology: Origin uncertain; rew n.1 (which is much better attested in Old English) is probably from a variant (with suffix causing i-mutation) of the same base. Perhaps ultimately (with ablaut variation and different suffix or root extension) < the same Germanic base as Middle Dutch rīe , rije (Dutch rij , †rije ), Middle High German rīhe row (German Reihe ) and also Middle Dutch rīghe row, plank (Dutch rijge ), Middle Low German rēge , reige , rīge row, line, Old High German rīga curved line, arc (Middle High German rige line, row), in turn perhaps ultimately (in spite of semantic difficulties) < the same Indo-European base as ancient Greek ἐρείκειν to rend (see rixation n. and compare the further foreign-language forms cited at that entry); perhaps ultimately (with different root extension) < the same Indo-European base as rive v.1 Compare also Old Icelandic rá- (in rámerki landmark; compare Old Swedish ra , ramärke landmark, boundary marker (Swedish råmärke )), either < an ablaut variant of the Germanic base of Middle Dutch rīe , etc. (see above), or a specific use of Old Icelandic rá rae n. (and hence of distinct origin; perhaps originally with reference to a pole being used as a marker). Compare post-classical Latin roua, rowa line, hedgerow (1268, 1316 respectively in British sources; < English).Connections with classical Latin rīma fissure (see rima n.), with Lithuanian rievė tree ring (of uncertain origin), or with Early Irish réo ray (of unknown origin), have also been suggested, but cannot be substantiated. The word is not securely attested in Old English, although compare the related verb gerāwan to cut (furrows) in rows (see row v.2). Earlier currency (in sense 3; compare on row at Phrases 1b(b)) is perhaps shown by the following:eOE Bald's Leechbk. (Royal) (1865) ii. xxxiii. 238 Gedo þa on ecedes sester fulne, oferwylle, sele þonne drincan on sume rawe [perh. read sume on rawe] nigon dagon.However, it seems more likely that the manuscript reading rawe represents some other word, perhaps a scribal error for seawe , dative singular of seaw juice (see sew n.1). the world > plants > by growth or development > defined by habit > tree or woody plant > wood or assemblage of trees or shrubs > [noun] > planted, cultivated, or valued > hedge or hedgerow the world > space > relative position > closed or shut condition > that which or one who closes or shuts > a barrier > [noun] > hedge or fence > a fence a1225 ( Bounds (Sawyer 858) in S. E. Kelly (2001) 474 Of cealdan wylle to ðære þorn rawe [a1170 Claud. C.ix ðorn rewe], of ðære þorn rawe þæt eft in on gorgrafes slæd. c1400 (?c1380) 105 (MED) Þe fyrre in þe fryth, þe fei[r]er con ryse..þe perez, And rawez & randez & rych reuerez. a1425 (Stonyhurst) f. 39 Maceria, a ston walle or a rowe. 1539 in (1868) 8 206 Robt. Nesshe oweth for woods within the closyng of hys farme, and the rows and hedges thereof. 1785 J. Wagstaffe Let. 31 Aug. in (Bath & West. Soc. Great Brit.) (1786) 3 88 (heading) On Planting in the Rows of New and upland Inclosures. 1873 69 60 The defendant said: ‘I did, in the year 1868, build stone rows across my fields.’ 1917 10 55 (advt.) You can turn around in a small space; get close to the rows and fences. 1995 J. M. Sims-Kimbrey 249/2 Plant them roots uv Lily-uv-the-Valley under the row. 2000 B. Newman & L. A. Newman 37 The Poconos are crisscrossed with these stone rows. Farmers piled the stones along the edges of their fields..to enclose livestock. 2. the world > matter > light > [noun] > ray or beam c1225 (?c1200) (Bodl.) l. 200 (MED) His heorte feng to heaten & his meari mealten; þe rawen rahten of luue þurh euch lið of his limes. a1325 (Arun.) (1857) 167 (MED) E du solayl issunt les rays [glossed:] rowes. c1425 J. Lydgate (Augustus A.iv) i. 1199 Þe larke..Gan to salue the lusty rowes rede Of Phebus char. c1475 (a1449) J. Lydgate Seying of Nightingale (Harl.) l. 3 in (1900) 16 (MED) Towardes Even the Saphyre-huwed sky Was westward meynt with many Rowes Rede. 1568 Tayis Bank l. 26 in W. T. Ritchie (1928) III. 297 The reid sone rais wt rawis. society > communication > book > matter of book > [noun] > a line in a book society > communication > writing > written text > layout > [noun] > line c1450 (c1380) G. Chaucer (Fairf. 16) (1878) l. 448 He most rede many a Rowe On Virgile or on Claudian. c1450 (?a1400) (Ashm.) 2701 (MED) Quen he had red all þe rawis, for rancour he swellis. 1598 Bp. J. Hall iv. i. 3 Which who reads thrise,..And deepe indenteth euery doubtfull row, Scoring the margent. 1604 W. Shakespeare ii. ii. 422 The first rowe of the pious chanson [1623 Pons Chanson] will showe you more. View more context for this quotation society > leisure > entertainment > pastimes > game > board game > chess > [noun] > chessboard > rank or file c1475 Chess Probl. in f. 10v Then fayne a drawght in the same rowe wt þi Roke. 1768 A. Tucker I. i. 267 The spots of a chess board lie in eight equal rows with their flat sides turned towards each other. 1889 W. Steinitz I. p. xviii The remaining two squares of this row are vacant. 1918 C. Morris II. at Chess The board is divided into eight tiles running longitudinally..and laterally into eight ranks or rows... The rows are numbered from 1 to 8. society > communication > writing > system of writing > alphabet > [noun] > the alphabet, allusively 1570 J. Foxe (rev. ed.) I. 175/1 This Charles builded so many monasteries as there be letters in ye row of A.B.C. 1596 L. Hutton sig. Eiiv I care not if this Cunny-catching H. were wypte out of the letters rowe to hang on the Gallowes. 1611 J. Davies 255 But I Am little i, the least of all the Row. 1652 T. Brooks 119 The Chris-Chrosse is no letter, and yet that taught him more then all the letters in the row. 3. the world > space > relative position > arrangement or fact of being arranged > arrangement in (a) row(s) or line(s > [noun] > a line or row α. c1225 (?c1200) (Bodl.) (1981) l. 704 (MED) Al þe hweoles beon þurhspitet..rawe bi rawe. a1400 (a1325) (Vesp.) 23043 (MED) Þe formast rau sal stan him nere. 1483 (BL Add. 89074) (1881) 301 Rawe, series. c1500 (?a1437) (1939) cliv (MED) A long rawe Off treis saw I. a1522 G. Douglas tr. Virgil (1959) viii. ii. 30 Twa galeis..With dowbill raw of ayris on athir syde. 1629 J. Achesone 10 A Ranke is a raw of men, standing one by another, shoulder to shoulder. c1730 A. Ramsay Ram & Buck in 4 Leading his family in a raw. 1814 W. Nicholson 116 Glancin' trenchers in a raw And luggies laid in order. 1988 R. Vettese 33 Nae wash strung oot like raws o bricht flags. the world > relative properties > order > order, sequence, or succession > [noun] > a series or succession ?1510 T. More tr. G. Pico della Mirandola in tr. G. F. Pico della Mirandola sig. d.iv Thi praier..rathir interrupted & broken..then drawen on lenght with a continuall rowe & nombre of wordis. 1559 in J. Strype (1824) I. App. xi. 36 Let them shew me their busshoppes; they are so far off, as to bringe a rowe in order unto St. Paul. 1674 N. Fairfax 106 By which kind of Mathematical parts..he does all his great feats in his whole row of Answers. 1712 S. Cobb tr. E. Holdsworth 7 Of Cadwalladars, and a long Row Of Ancestors, some thousand Years ago, They vaunt, as Heralds born. 1869 Sept. 253/2 The long rows of busy days. 1941 B. Schulberg x. 190 I know we're going to knock them for a row of Academy Awards. 2001 G. Gradev in S. Crowley & D. Ost vi. 122 Despite the row of successes in particular policy areas or individual cases, trade unions face a continuing loss of power. the world > space > shape > curvature > roundness > [noun] > circularity > a circle > a circular formation 1576 A. Fleming tr. J. L. Vives in 402 Thus haue I runne about a round row of writers, and haue shewed wherein they are to be marked. 1617 F. Moryson iii. 137 Some sixe miles from Salisbury is a place in the fields where huge stones are erected..standing in three rowes after the forme of a crowne. 1719 D. Defoe 129 I..surrounded my self with a Row of Stakes set upright in the Ground. 1837 P. Keith 292 Peristomium..consists of a circular and double row of fine and tooth-shaped substances. 1898 D. Christison xii. 318 Circles of standing-stones in Aberdeenshire, as the ‘Raws o' Noth’, the ‘Raws of Rayne’. 1997 Spring–Summer 9/1 The..provision of earthenware figures outside the tomb, sometimes placed in rows..around the enceinte. society > leisure > the arts > performance arts > variety, etc. > performers in variety, etc. > [noun] > chorus-girl > row of 1849 W. M. Thackeray (1850) I. xiv. 125 Who's that gal in the second row, with blue ribbons, third from the stage. 1889 Dec. 448/2 The chorus girl..always has hopes of getting out of the ‘front row’ into a principal's dressing-room. 1922 E. K. Fagan vi. 97 The rung above the chorus lady proper was..the ‘first row’ chorus—the beauties. 1932 D. L. Sayers xxiii. 303 O.K. darling. ‘Aeroplane Girl’, first row, song and dance. 1967 A. Wilson ii. 85 The thousands of silly boys who join the back row of the chorus every year. 1993 Spring 70 That year I was a chorus girl in Funny Girl. Back-row. 4. society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabited place > district in relation to human occupation > town as opposed to country > town or city > part of town or city > [noun] > row or street of buildings c1248 in W. Fraser (1874) II. 11 Mukeraw. a1300 in C. Innes (1842) 219 Duas acras circa le Raue de Hertlawflat. ?c1450 (1891) 1881 (MED) Of þat towne on þe este rawe, A house bren. 1488 (c1478) Hary (Adv.) (1968–9) vii. l. 558 Haist ȝow fast... Behynd thaim cum and in the Northast Raw. 1531 in J. W. Clay (1902) VI. 19 The third part of one Raw called Scherome Raw. 1564 in J. D. Marwick (1875) 185 The hie passege quhilk ledys fra the West Port to the Commoun Mwre throuch the raw and streit callit [blank]. 1622 J. Chamberlain 26 Oct. (1939) II. 460 Yt is a straunge sight..to see..haberdashers, pointmakers, and other meane trades crept into the goldsmithes row. 1634 H. Peacham (new ed.) i. xxv. 88/2 Take the fine skin of an Abortive which you may buy in Paternoster-row. 1663 in (1894) V. 205 Being in the Towne of Providence afores[ai]d, and in the Rowe of the Towne. 1753 W. Maitland i. vi. 97 The Brewery in the Candlemaker Row. 1770 5 237/1 Yesterday died at his house in Bedford-Row, Randle Wilbraham, Esq. 1781 M. J. Armstrong X. 334 Four shops in the butchery, one tenement with a wool-shop in Spicer-Row. 1807 G. Crabbe Parish Reg. i, in 40 This infected Row, we term our street. 1832 W. Stephenson 50 When he got up to the raw, An open door and light he saw. 1900 ‘R. Guthrie’ 43 Passing down the row, her passage was like a procession. 1938 D. Thomas 16 June (1987) 304 I warn you that our cottage is pokey and ugly, four rooms like stained boxes in a workman's and fisherman's row. 1999 J. Burchill iv. 58 Before I..moved out to my riverside palazzo, I lived in a broom cupboard over a shop in Southampton Row. society > travel > means of travel > route or way > way, path, or track > lane > [noun] > between buildings 1599 T. Nashe 19 Yarmouth. Her sumptuous porches and garnisht buildings..the spanbroad rowse running betwixt. 1742 (ed. 3) I. 61 The Streets [of Yarmouth] are all exactly strait.., from Lanes or Alleys, which they call Rows, crossing them in strait Lines also. 1865 25 Aug. These ‘rows’ are simply alleys running from one main thoroughfare to another. They are almost inconceivably narrow. 1908 R. J. E. Ferrier in H. J. D. Astley 156 Its common rows or lanes. These are narrow streets crossing the town..at frequent but irregular distances. 2004 (ed. 6) 580 One..interesting feature of the old town is the narrow parallel alleys—locally ‘rows’—which were built to connect South Quay..with the town centre. the world > the earth > named regions of earth > named cities or towns > [noun] > in Britain > London > parts of 1607 T. Middleton iii. sig. F3 Where growes this pleasant fruit, sayes one Citizens wife in the rowe. a1670 T. Rawlins (1678) ii. i The subtil practice of one afternoon for Petty-coats i' th' Row. 1772 Oct. 517/2 A bookseller in the Row, who looked at it [sc . a pamphlet]—shook his head..and retired into his back shop. 1812 W. Combe xxiii. 221 'Tis not confined..To vulgar tradesmen in the Row. Success depends on writing well—Booksellers bow when volumes sell. 1822 Ld. Byron 27 Aug. (1979) IX. 198 The shipwreck..‘took’ as they say in the Row. 1901 M. H. Peterson i. 98 It was Trevelyan who dropped in to afternoon tea with unfailing regularity..and took her driving, or riding on the Row. 1991 (Nexis) 14 Sept. Work is afoot on the Row and the park's other rides. 2008 M. Tungate ii. 228 Lately there have been signs that The Row is being nibbled away at the edges... Happily, though, the future of Savile Row seems assured. society > travel > means of travel > route or way > way, path, or track > path or place for walking > [noun] > ambulatory > portico or arcade 1610 P. Holland tr. W. Camden i. 605 Galleries or walking places, they call them Rowes having shops on both sides. 1777 in (Royal Soc.) (1779) 68 132 There is a form of building peculiar to Chester, called the Rows, which are covered galleries that make a complete communication between most of the principal streets. 1846 A. Smith (1848) Prel. The wind came..brawling along the covered rows. 1908 G. A. Audley (rev. ed.) vii. 80 The portion of Rows between the latter street and Watergate Street, used to be known as the ‘Scotch Row’, from the practice of the merchants from north of the Tweed clanning together there during the two great Fairs. 2003 T. Haskell iii. 129 This unique two-tier shopping system has a line of shops at street level and another at the first floor, served by a continuous covered pedestrian gallery, called the Row. 1667 R. L'Estrange tr. F. de Quevedo ii. 83 Many a Brave fellow lives in Cuckolds-Row. 1683 J. Dunton 37 [He said] there was neither God, Angel, nor Spirit... Where did you hear him say so?.. In Blackmouth-lane, and Blasphemers-row. 1837 3 282/2 A neat one-storied range..called Bachelors' Row..designed..for the accommodation of single gentlemen. 1850 J. W. Carlyle 8 Sept. (1903) II. 19 A..broth..in which you play the part of the tasting-bone of Poverty Row. 1907 Dec. 659/1 The widow..does not feel that she is accepting charity and is on the way to paupers' row. 1978 5 Nov. a14/4 ‘Hooker's Row’, a block on Vancouver's classy Georgia St., where a dozen well-dressed prostitutes parade nightly. 2006 7 Jan. (Central ed.) p1/3 A stretch of oceanfront estates referred to as Billionaire's Row. society > authority > punishment > imprisonment > prison > [noun] > cell > line of cells 1827 E. Mackenzie I. 222 The highest story..contains..seven sleeping cells. Most of the cells in this row measure nine feet by five feet.] 1873 731 The cells on the second floor contain those charged with murder..and is [sic] therefore called ‘Murderers' Row’. 1968 7 June 96 Talk isn't easy on the Row. 1973 7 Oct. (Today Suppl.) 26/3 You'd think we would all be exhilarated to be off the row. But..we didn't want to face the responsibilities of..having to fend for ourselves. 1994 May 57/2 Life on ‘the row’ has little to recommend it. Prisoners can choose to lift weights, work in the death-row garment factory, or pursue their appeals. 2005 J. Goldenflame 50 The Gay Tank had three floors of cells: Pretty Boy Row,..and Stud Row for the more aggressive homosexuals. society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabited place > a building > parts of building > [noun] > floor or storey 1873 ‘S. Coolidge’ iii ‘Which row are you going to have a room in?’ she went on. 1893 (Directors Indian Rights Assoc.) 23 One of the boys, having..obtained leave to paper his room, made it so attractive that nearly every room in the row was likewise papered soon after. 1896 33 161/1 Will Tribble and Jim Brooks occupied the back room on the middle row upstairs that night. †5. the world > relative properties > kind or sort > [noun] > a kind, sort, or class c1300 (?c1225) (Cambr.) (1901) l. 1080 Horn..sette him wel loȝe In beggeres rowe. c1440 S. Scrope tr. C. de Pisan (St. John's Cambr.) (1970) 13 If he will be on the good mennes rowe, he most haue the vertu of iustice. 1484 W. Caxton tr. G. de la Tour-Landry (1971) cxiiii. 152 To putte her self in the Rowe or companye of them that were renommed. c1500 Sir Corneus in M. M. Furrow (1985) 288 Lordynges all, now may ȝe know That I may dance in þe cokwold row. 1581 G. Pettie tr. S. Guazzo (1586) i. f. 24v The error of the world, which estemeth them in the row of the tollerable. 1655 H. L'Estrange 128 To allow the use of lawful pastimes in the lower row upon that day. 1678 R. Cudworth i. i. 13 Democritus..was of the Italick Row, or Pythagorick Succession. 1738 tr. S. Guazzo 71 Those whom you have now described, I think should stand in the Row of the Desirable and Commendable. 1787 M. Cutler Jrnl. 5 July in W. P. Cutler & J. P. Cutler (1888) I. 225 She has an only daughter,..who is, at least, approaching the old-maid's row. 1821 W. Liddle 31 If ye'd been o' the batch'lor row, It ne'er wad bred up sic a strow. the world > space > relative position > arrangement or fact of being arranged > state of being gathered together > an assemblage or collection > [noun] > of people or animals > regarded as a whole or a body of people gathered c1300 (?c1225) (Laud) (1901) l. 924 (MED) Of al þe kinges rowe [c1300 Cambr. kniȝtes] Þer nas Bute fewe slawe. a1393 J. Gower (Fairf.) ii. 1960 That I mai stonde in thilke rowe Amonges hem that Saundres use. a1450 (c1410) H. Lovelich (1904) I. l. 1416 Ȝif thow wylt not the sothe beknowe, mochel wers schal j sein aforn al this rowe. a1500 (a1460) (1897–1973) 119 (MED) God looke ouer the raw, ffull defly ye stand. society > society and the community > social class > [noun] a1350 in G. L. Brook (1968) 31 (MED) He byt vs..on ys ryht hond hente rowe wyþ ryhtwyse men to aryse. 1555 L. Digges sig. F iiiv Euery Table hath within, twoo rowes of figures: the vupper is for the staf: the other for the squrye shadow. 1663 H. Walrond ii. 21 Remember to look the figures of the lower sum in the first row towards the left hand. 1777 (Royal Soc.) 66 359 The numbers in the last horizontal row but one of this table. 1824 W. Colbourn (ed. 2) ii. ii. 138 To form this table, write the numbers 1, 2, 3, 4, &c..., in a line horizontally. This is the first or upper row. 1849 A. Cayley in 8 85 In some cases it will be necessary to leave a certain number of the vertical rows ρ, σ..unpermuted. 1897 19 99 The square A is magic because each row, column, and diagonal has the same sum. 1939 A. C. Aitken i. 4 A matrix may possibly consist of a single row, or of a single column, of elements. 1992 R. G. Lipsey & C. Harbury (ed. 2) xx. 210/1 In the top row of Table 20·2 we can see..the production that takes place if A and B are self-sufficient. 2008 (Nexis) 22 Jan. c9 Spreadsheets of more than 1 million rows and 16,000 columns. society > leisure > the arts > performance arts > the theatre or the stage > a theatre > auditorium > [noun] > seat or place > row of seats 1572 J. Hooker sig. F.iii It is made like a Theater, hauing foure rowes of seates... At the higher end in the midle of ye lower rowe: is a seat made for ye Speaker. 1670 S. Wilson (new ed.) i. 180 Vnder these trees of the demicircle, rise vp stone seats, six rowes high, like the seats in an Amphitheater. 1710 R. Steele No. 130. ⁋12 They shall have a Place kept for them in the first Row of the Middle Gallery. 1758 S. Johnson 12 Aug. 145 She [was]..among those that sat in the first row. 1791 J. Boswell anno 1784 II. 519 An appearance so improper in the front row of a front box. 1828 in (1892) 30 Apr. 22 Each row [of the pit at the Lyceum] divided into ‘stalls’ or single seats at half-a-guinea each. 1888 XXIII. 223/1 The chief priestesses..occupied marble thrones in the προεδρία or front row. 1963 S. Plath iv. 44 We slipped out of our seats and said Excuse me Excuse me Excuse me down the length of our row. 1997 June 37/1 He is the audience, he's the representative of the persons sitting in row ‘J’. 2007 J. McCourt iii. 96 [He] had collapsed in the back row of the cinema..during the climax of John Huston's Moby Dick. the world > food and drink > farming > cultivation or tillage > planting > [noun] > row of plants 1600 R. Surflet tr. C. Estienne & J. Liébault ii. xlvi. 300 The borders and continued rowes [Fr. bordures & piqueures] of soueraigne, thyme, balme, rosemarie,..& other fragrant herbes. 1670 (Royal Soc.) 5 1058 Plants..set in rowes..as the Vine, Olive-trees, and other Fruit-trees. 1733 J. Tull xi. 59 Servants are apt to Hoe too far from the Rows. 1786 J. Abercrombie 328 Dig the ground between the plants, raising the earth ridge-ways along the rows on both sides. 1855 ‘E. S. Delamer’ 41 Set another row parallel to, and a foot apart from, the former; and then a couple more rows, which will complete the bed. 1875 E. H. Knight III. 2452/1 The rider..who manages the plows, moving them to the right or left as the plants in the rows may require. 1929 H. A. A. Nicholls & J. H. Holland (ed. 2) i. v. 48 (caption) The ‘Pilot’ is made for planting rows at varying distances between 2 ft. 6 in. and 4 ft. apart. 2007 27 Aug. 66/1 It is relatively simple..to cross two inbreds by sowing the two lines side by side in nearby rows. the world > textiles and clothing > textiles > textile fabric or an article of textile fabric > textile fabric > textile fabric manufactured in specific way > [noun] > consisting of loops or looped stitches > knitted fabric > stitches > row of 1786 M. A. Meilan tr. A. Berquin XI. 44 Will the purse be finish'd? There are still at least a dozen rows to do. 1800 M. Edgeworth Simple Susan i, in (ed. 3) II. 72 Her mother's unfinished knitting lay upon a table near the bed, and Susan sat down in her wicker arm chair and went on with the row. 1872 ‘G. Eliot’ II. iii. xxvi. 69 Mrs Taft, who was always counting stitches and gathered her information in misleading fragments caught between the rows of her knitting. 1970 M. Hamilton-Hunt 19 Cast on in usual way, work a few rows..the depth of the hem required. 2006 June 29/1 When you are knitting with more than one colour on the same row, you must twist the two colours on the reverse to prevent holes forming. the world > space > relative position > arrangement or fact of being arranged > state of being gathered together > an assemblage or collection > [noun] > bundle > of teasel-heads 1792 J. Sewell in (1793) 21 54 Twenty four of the bunches [of teazle] are fixed on a small stick, and called a row, 240 of which make a load in bulk, equal to a ton of hay from the meadow. society > leisure > the arts > music > musical sound > pitch > system of sounds or intervals > [noun] > arrangement of chromatic scale 1936 22 14 The chief contribution towards the organization of the twelve-tone system is..the ‘row’: a semi-arbitrary arrangement of the twelve chromatic tones into a horizontal motival structure. 1958 A. Jacobs 390 This method works through the ‘note-row’ (or ‘series’), in which all the twelve notes are placed in a particular order as the basis of a work. No note is repeated within a row, which accordingly consists of twelve different notes and no others. 1965 20 May 757/3 An important aspect of the work is the extraction from the note-series of innumerable motivic elements and of the great variety of ways in which the row is itself presented. 1971 1 Oct. 1180/2 He [sc. Webern] was particularly partial to rows whose second half is a mirror inversion of the first. 2002 S. Johnson 237 Each section begins with the dyad row, then continues with reordered versions of that row. Phrases P1. In prepositional phrases. (See also a-row adv.) a. the world > relative properties > order > order, sequence, or succession > in order, sequence, or succession [phrase] c1230 (?a1200) (Corpus Cambr.) (1962) 172 Ga we swa duneward rawe bi rawe [?c1225 Cleo. reawe birewe, a1250 Nero bireawe & bireawe, a1250 Titus birawe]. aþet to þe leaste. ant drah to gedere al þe team under þe moder. c1330 (?a1300) (Auch.) (1973) 8632 (MED) Þer he was of Arthour biknawe & of his feren al bi rawe. c1425 (Huntington) (1948) 172 (MED) Take a smerte rodde and bete hem alle by rowe [Emmanuel arowe; Trin. Cambr. on a rowe]. a1464 J. Capgrave (Cambr. Gg.4.12) (1983) 134 Edward wrot..he rehersed be rowe þe rite of Edgare, of Edward þe Martir..William Conqwerour, Richard, and many mo. 1533 T. More ii. xxi. f. clxiii Thus haue I..now replyed to euery chapyter of hys boke by row. a1575 N. Harpsfield (1878) (modernized text) 78 Consider all these parts of the decalogue by rowe as diligently..as you may. a1500 (a1460) (1897–1973) 188 (MED) In som mynde it may the bryng To here oure sawes red by rawes. 1589 A. Fleming tr. Virgil Georgiks i. 4 in A. Fleming tr. Virgil Set in thy foote with me, And now enure thy selfe to be by rowes called vpon. 1607 E. Topsell 490 The colour of this beast in the outmost parts is red, in the innermost white, but sprinkled here with blacke spots, and almost by rowes. †b. on row. the world > space > relative position > arrangement or fact of being arranged > arrangement in (a) row(s) or line(s > in (a) row(s) or line(s [phrase] ?a1300 Thrush & Nightingale (Digby) l. 54 in C. Brown (1932) 102 (MED) Among a þousent leuedies I-tolde, Þer nis non wickede I holde, Þer hy sitteþ on rowe. 1487 (a1380) J. Barbour (St. John's Cambr.) xi. 431 Thai stude than rangit all on raw, Reddy for till byde Battale. a1500 (c1400) (1977) l. 52 (MED) Roynyshe were þe resones þat þer on row stoden. 1578 J. Rolland 254 That all the Ladeis..Suld stand on raw..That the pepill micht all thame planelie se. 1624 T. Heywood vii. 334 They neither speed, Nor doth their pace seeme tarde, but on row In order march. 1805 W. Scott iv. xxvi. 117 Level each harquebuss on row; Draw, merry archers, draw the bow. the world > relative properties > order > order, sequence, or succession > in order, sequence, or succession [phrase] c1330 (?a1300) (1886) l. 504 Þe rauen he ȝaue his ȝiftes..On rowe. a1400 (a1325) (Vesp.) 221 (MED) Þis are the maters redde on raw, Þat i thynk in þis bok to draw. c1440 (?a1400) (1930) l. 1193 Thus he dalt þam on rawe Till þe daye gun dawe. a1450 (1885) 158 Maistirs, takes to me in tente, And rede youre resouns right on rawes. a1500 (?a1400) (1935) 243 (MED) Thouȝ we schulde suffyr deth, euerychon on Rowe..we gladly in ȝour goddys leve. 1509 S. Hawes (1845) xxvii. 132 Full wofull was my herte, Whan all on rowe they toke me by the hande. 1543 ( (1812) 399 (MED) The Frenche..gate the lande ay by and by on rowe. 1584–9 J. Maxwall f. 4v Quha writ thir wers gif ȝe wald knaw First ȝe man sers..Than rychtlie pers thame all on raw. †c. on (also †upon) a row. the world > relative properties > order > order, sequence, or succession > in order, sequence, or succession [phrase] c1300 (Laud Misc. 108) (1889) 61 (MED) An hundred develes, ratches on a rowe With stringes him drowen. c1425 J. Lydgate (Augustus A.iv) ii. 382 (MED) Her names..He schal hem fynde write vp-on a rowe..eueryche after other. a1450 (c1410) H. Lovelich (1904) I. l. 1474 Thinges that ben past, j knowe, and thinges that ben comeng vppon a rowe. c1552 in J. Strype (1694) II. 137 The child that is yet unborn Shal them curse al on a rowe. 1612 T. Beard (ed. 2) 202 They slew their lawfull King, and set vp three other on a row. 1658 R. Brathwait 95 Whole troups of healths [sc. toasts] come pealing on a row. 1689 in D. Laing (1825) 1st Ser. xxvii. 1/1 Claverse and his Highland men, Came down upon a raw. 1730 G. Odingsells ii. i. 29 I charge my Foe, With four Bumpers on a Row. 1840 R. H. Barham Mr. Barney Maguire's Acct. in 1st Ser. 292 He play'd a Consarto, With his four-and-twenty fidlers all on a row! the world > space > relative position > arrangement or fact of being arranged > arrangement in (a) row(s) or line(s > in (a) row(s) or line(s [phrase] a1350 in G. L. Brook (1968) 38 Hire gurdel of bete gold is al..al whiþ rubies on a rowe. c1400 (?c1380) 545 (MED) Set hem alle vpon a rawe And gyf vchon inlyche a peny. a1439 J. Lydgate (Bodl. 263) ix. l. 2208 That thei sholde be pleyn confessioun Requere mercy, knelyng on a rowe. 1548 f. xxijv Thei frapped together .xxiiii. greate Hulkes..and set theim on a rowe. 1601 J. Weever sig. B2 v Downe in a dale enameled with roses, Ten thousands Adones standing on a raw. 1683 J. Dryden & N. Lee v. i. 61 Five hundred popular Figures on a Row. 1755 Lady M. W. Montagu in II. 160 Myself and daughters standing on a row, To all the foreigners a goodly show! 1879 E. J. Pfeiffer 41 There were angels harping;..with eyes serene..they sat on a row. 1923 C. M. Doughty (rev. ed.) v. 182 Come to wood-side, they halted on a row. the world > relative properties > order > order, sequence, or succession > in order, sequence, or succession [phrase] the world > space > relative position > arrangement or fact of being arranged > arrangement in (a) row(s) or line(s > in (a) row(s) or line(s [phrase] c1330 (?c1300) (Auch.) l. 3796 Þe kniȝtes riden out in a rowe, & þo þe tornement be-gan. c1450 ( G. Chaucer (Fairf. 16) (1871) l. 975 She wolde haue be..A chefe meroure..Thogh they had stonde in a Rowe. 1557 R. Record sig. Hii Men call a line of Brickes..when many bee laied in a rowe. 1677 in A. M. Munro (1899) I. 129 That the stands upon the midstreit be set onlie single at others ends in a raw. 1697 J. Dryden tr. Virgil Georgics iv, in tr. Virgil 129 They..chime their sounding Hammers in a Row . View more context for this quotation 1719 D. Defoe 89 When the poor Women saw themselves set in a Row thus. 1843 XXVII. 237/2 [The shores] north of the island are beset with almost innumerable islets, which lie along it in a row. 1855 J. W. Carlyle II. 251 Near the sea..are three houses in a row. 1955 ‘N. Shute’ (1956) 76 The girls sat in a row on the edge of the pier dangling their legs over the water. 1969 ‘E. Lathen’ xiii. 139 Acute gastric distress..kept him awake..for a second night in a row. 2009 8 Apr. 10/8 Rare species..are in danger of becoming extinct because two wet summers in a row have led to a loss of habitat. the world > space > relative position > arrangement or fact of being arranged > arrangement in (a) row(s) or line(s > in (a) row(s) or line(s [phrase] c1450 in (1925) 59 12 (MED) Boltevpryght ageyn the walle ye stonde With other folke, whan ye be set in rowe. c1450 Urbanitatis (Calig. A.ii) in (2002) i. 14 Do hem no Reuerens, but sette alle in Rowe. 1542 N. Udall tr. Erasmus Pref. **ij The ordre of regions and kyngdomes as thei stand in rowe. a1634 A. Gardyne (1878) 173 Thy gloring and thy greef for both in raw, Charactred in thy countenance wee saw. c1650 Earles off Chester 119 in (1867) I. 277 To whom there did succeed in row 8 heyres of his successiuelye. a1796 R. Burns (1968) II. 792 An' plagues in ranked numbers tell In deadly raw. 1868 W. Barnes 19 Stems of elms may rise in row, Dark brown, from hillocks under snow. 1909 J. Miller V. 144 The black sea-horses rode in row; Their white manes tossing to the night. 1998 H. G. Tucker (2002) i. 7 There are n men standing in row, among whom are two men named A and B. the world > space > relative position > arrangement or fact of being arranged > arrangement in (a) row(s) or line(s > in (a) row(s) or line(s [phrase] a1500 (a1400) (Chetham) (1889) l. 2424 (MED) Syn after comen in rose..Men wyth haukes and houndes harde. a1513 W. Dunbar Tua Mariit Wemen in (1998) I. 42 Ane cumlie tabil..With ryalle cowpis apon rawis. a1525 (c1448) R. Holland Bk. Howlat l. 244 in W. A. Craigie (1925) II. 102 Quhen yai war rangit on rawis. 1657 N. Billingsley xxii. 79 The pris'ners cloath'd with red-cross'd Sambitoes, Were at Validolid plac'd all in rowes. 1694 (1711) ii. 126 Round about this Star are small black Spots, in rows. 1774 Projects 126/1 The pieces..are colligated in rows, by running packthread through the peg-holes. a1822 P. B. Shelley tr. J. W. von Goethe Scenes from Faust in (1824) 409 An hundred bonfires burn in rows. 1891 54 25 About these trees patients sat in rows. 1957 G. W. Skinner iii. 107 The..Chinese tradesmen moved to the two-story shop-houses built in rows along the new streets. 1987 W. Montgomerie in No. 46. 15 In Mr Dawson's classroom we stude in raws like green papingoes. 2007 S. S. Gronim iv. 97 When Smith encountered an abandoned Indian orchard, he noticed that they had planted the trees not in rows..but irregularly. P2. c1225 [see sense 3aα. ]. 1532 (c1385) Usk's Test. Loue in f. cccxxxiiiiv/2 We al shul nowe pray to the goddes rowe by rowe. 1693 N. Staphorst tr. L. Rauwolf Trav. Eastern Countries i. ix, in J. Ray I. 111 When I came to the Olive-trees, I found they were ran several Olive-trees further, which stand row by row. 1778 J. Abercrombie at Nursery The ground is to be digged but one spade deep, proceeding row by row. 1848 E. Bulwer-Lytton III. xi. ii. 158 Row by row, line by line, all the multitude shouted forth [etc.]. 1888 J. Bryce II. App. 641 They pull their coats. The field is worked row by row and hill by hill. 1921 Jan. 6/2 By aid of the glass I read the pattern from the engraving, row by row, so many spaces and so many trebles. 2000 D. D. Chiras iii. 81 Stucco netting is applied row by row to the inside and outside surfaces of the straw bale wall. 1696 J. Lead 174 Carried up thou must be in thy Spirit, not only to see in Vision, or in bare Idea's these Stones of Glory, but to have them put upon thee, as thy Breast-plate, row upon row. 1789 D. Davidson 80 Through the breathing harvest, row on row, Appears the tedded grain. 1840 R. Browning vi. 448 With guarders row on row, Gay swarms of varletry that come and go. 1870 W. Morris 3 Above them did they see the terraced way, And over that the vine-stocks, row on row. 1915 J. McCrae in 8 Dec. 468/3 In Flanders fields the poppies blow Between the crosses, row on row. 1956 C. Beaton Diary in (1979) xxi. 305 It was almost an uncanny experience to enter the deserted Chanel building, to walk past row upon row of display stalls long since covered with dust sheets. 2009 30 Apr. 12/2 This could be Marrakech: row upon row of raw meat, and fresh fruit, and flies and umbrellas and clothes. P4. In proverbial phrases (from sense 8). the world > action or operation > difficulty > present difficulties [verb (intransitive)] > have difficulty > have to contend with difficulties 1810 24 Mar. 2/4 True, we have a hard row to hoe—'tis plaguy unlucky the feds have taken him up. 1848 J. R. Lowell 1st Ser. i. 8 You've a darned long row to hoe. 1892 A. C. Gunter ix I am afraid Harry Lawrence has a hard row to hoe. 1955 2 Aug. 4/6 The lecturer then set himself a hard row to hoe; the scholarly correction of everything his audience may have been taught at school. 1961 B. Fergusson v. 119 Mountbatten had therefore no easy row to hoe; but he had a definite course to steer: the invasion of France. 1976 26 Apr. 62/3 Women have a God-damned hard row to hoe. 2006 Mar. 12/2 She has the proverbial tough row to hoe, and I hope she can succeed. society > society and the community > social relations > lack of social communication or relations > lack of social communications or relations [verb (intransitive)] 1832 Aug. 117 They told him that they were resolved to nullify, and would ‘hoe their own row’ in spite of all the Yankee pedlars in creation. 1841 17 362 Our American pretender must, to adopt an agricultural phrase, ‘hoe his own row’..without the aid of protectors or dependents. 1871 in M. Schele De Vere 608 Now that I have hoed my own row..they deluge me with congratulations. 1914 T. W. Hanshew xxvi. 237 ‘Did the father relent, or did he invite the pair of them to clear out and hoe their own row in future?’ ‘He..simply ignored their existence.’ 2002 (Nexis) 10 Feb. 46 I am not a great believer in ‘rights’, except to education and health care; we hoe our own row. 1846 3 Oct. The poor fellow seems to be placed in rather a bad row of stumps. 1873 Dec. 713 The critter I was riding had lost a shoe and was in a bad row for stumps. 1901 J. O. Harris xxix. 164 I've never run agin' such a hard row of stumps as I have for the last year or so. 1919 14 Aug. 8/2 The church school has been in a ‘hard row of stumps’ for some years, but competent judges predict that it is about to enjoy a period of greater patronage. 1999 19 Jan. 7 My grandmother..was a great one for picking up phrases and never dropping them. I cannot count the number of times she told me I was going to be ‘in a bad row for stumps’. Compounds 1902 326 A field or row boss should not be given over fifty pickers. 1937 11 July 9/3 ‘The young ones aren't as good as their parents,’ said the row boss. 1977 29 Aug. 48/1 So much for row-boss supervision, so much for harvest labor. 2002 J. L. Rosenbloom iv. 67 In addition to operating a small store for the workers, the boss received a salary of $12.50 a week for serving as row boss. the world > food and drink > farming > cultivation or tillage > cultivation of plants or crops > crop or crops > [noun] > other crops 1776 W. Marshall 11 Aug. (1778) sig. Ii This disparity of dead labour holds good, generally, between random and row crops. 1845 6 255 The horse-hoe is universally employed among the row-crops. 1919 A. P. Davis ix. 136 This is less apt to occur..with row crops set at some distance from the pipes than with those sown broadcast. 1930 6 11 Irrigation farmers call beets, potatoes, and beans rowcrops in distinction from alfalfa and the grains, the flood crops, for in the former case the water is directed down rows instead of being allowed to flow over the whole field. 1950 5 May 505/3 Light, medium and heavy tractors were all represented, and each group was subdivided into rowcrop and general-purpose tractors. 2003 E. Schlosser ii. 78 The strawberry is one of the most labor-intensive row crops. 1778 W. Marshall Digest 63 A comparative view of the Row and Random Cultures. 1858 P. L. Simmonds 319/1 Ridge-hoe, a field implement for row-culture. 1999 (Nexis) 13 May d2 Although there is some work in building a raised bed, in the long run it has many advantages over flat row culture. society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabited place > dwelling place or abode > a dwelling > a house > types of house > [noun] > house of specific shape or style 1871 J. M. Langford Let. 2 Dec. in ‘G. Eliot’ (1956) V. 223 Some of the Row Houses whose subscription was partially delivered have been in for more. 1899 19 June 3 The death..took place in one of the new smoky row houses on Villere. 1957 W. H. Whyte xxiii. 305 A study of several new Philadelphia row-house neighborhoods. 1979 29 Mar. 21/4 The township has called for ten feet of yard between the end of a line of row houses and the next building. 2009 (National ed.) 23 Jan. c21/1 Much is made of the surviving woodwork and ornamental plaster in this Renaissance Revival row house. society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabited place > dwelling place or abode > a dwelling > a house > [noun] > collectively > type of 1920 Aug. 134/2 That dreary, mechanical, institutionalized aspect of the whole block by which row housing has sucked out all the character and individuality from the streets of American cities. 1968 13 Feb. b2/4 There is no doubt that municipalities..would be agreeable to more realistic zoning in respect to smaller lots, row housing, etc. 2001 (Nexis) 3 Mar. c1 In other cities such as London, New York, Boston or Toronto the red-brick row housing would go almost unnoticed. 1880 V. 118 (caption) Bodin's row-marker. a1884 E. H. Knight Suppl. 770/2 Row Marker, an implement for marking out ground for planting in rows. 1998 L. Tilgner (new ed.) 63 My grandfather had a homemade row marker. I used features of his and added my own ideas. the world > relative properties > number > mathematical number or quantity > numerical arrangement > [noun] > array > matrix 1936 A. 157 9 We shall use the notation already employed..to signify the row matrix which is transposed of a column matrix. 2008 K. A. Stroud & D. J. Booth 64 We use a simple row matrix in stating the x- and y-coordinates of a point relative to the x- and y-axes. 1936 22 31 Examples could be multiplied indefinitely, but..most of them would boil down to some similar types of random distribution of the row-notes. 1996 D. J. Headlam iv. 199 The rhythmic proportions of the row notes reflect the order-position 02591468B37A. 1800 J. Lawrence 402 Here the superiority of the row system will clearly manifest itself. 1905 Apr. 125/2 The row system is better than the hill system, usually, for the home garden. 2008 (Nexis) 6 Apr. f4 The old row system of vegetable gardening is very inefficient in terms of using space. the world > relative properties > number > mathematical number or quantity > tensor > [noun] > vector > specific type of 1928 H. W. Turnbull iii. 36 There are two distinct types of vector, the row vector, and the column vector. 1978 13 Apr. 605/2 A row vector..may be derived which has elements representing the magnitude of growth response to each climatic variable. 2001 F. A. Morrison ii. 23 It is arbitrary whether we write these vectors as column or row vectors. society > leisure > the arts > performance arts > the theatre or the stage > theatre-going > theatregoer > [noun] > theatre audience > occupants of specific seat or place society > leisure > sport > types of sport or game > ball game > football > association football > [noun] > spectator accommodation > destination of wild or undirected shot or clearance 1943 6 Mar. 356/3 Subtle detail of the impersonation and much of the singing do not reach a person in row Z of the huge auditorium. 1990 19 Mar. 41/1 When a booted clearance into row Z of the Arthur Wait stand at Selhurst Park would have sufficed, McLaughlin played the ball instead to Jemson. 2022 (Nexis) 24 Jan. 54 You could sense the panic in their ranks when their scrum-half Dan Robson hoofed a loose ball into Row Z to relieve the pressure. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2011; most recently modified version published online December 2022). rown.2 Origin: Formed within English, by conversion. Etymon: row adj. Etymology: < row adj. Compare earlier rough n.1 the world > space > shape > unevenness > [noun] > roughness a1250 (?a1200) (Nero) (1952) 81 Hwo se euer mis seið ðe oðer misdeð þe..he is þi uile..& uileð awei al þi rust & al ði ruwe [c1230 Corpus Cambr. ruhe] of þine sunnen. ?a1400 (a1338) R. Mannyng (Petyt) ii. 215 (MED) Þou has frendis inowe in Inglond & in France, If þou turne to þe rowe, þei salle drede þe chance. a1450 Lessons of Dirige (Digby) l. 123 in J. Kail (1904) 111 (MED) My skyn is cloþed al on roue. the world > the earth > minerals > ore > [noun] > metal ore > tin ore 1778 W. Pryce 319/1 Crop... The second sort is called Rows, a corruption of Roughs, being poorer and larger in size. a1863 J. T. Tregellas (1868) 94 Go athurt the floors ovver to a laarge pile of Row. 1874 J. H. Collins (1875) xvii. 111 Material of a mixed nature, called ‘dredge’, or ‘roughs’, or ‘rows’. 1884 1 370 The material operated on was the ordinary rough sand (‘rows’) from the tin dressing floors. 1920 A. H. Fay 580/2 Roughs; Rows (Corn.), coarse, poor sands, resulting from tin dressing. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2011; most recently modified version published online March 2022). † rown.3 Origin: A borrowing from French. Etymon: French roue. Etymology: < Middle French roue (French roue ; also Anglo-Norman ro , roo , roue , rowe , etc., Anglo-Norman and Middle French roe ) wheel (end of the 11th cent. in Old French, in a gloss in Rashi, as rode ), the wheel of Fortune (c1155), a wheel used as an instrument of torture (early 12th cent. in Anglo-Norman) < classical Latin rota wheel (see rota n.). Compare earlier roo n.1 Scottish. Obsolete ( historical in later use). society > authority > punishment > torture > instrument or place of torture > [noun] > wheel 1557 J. Knox Pref. Apol. Protestants Paris in (1855) IV. 301 This young gentilman condempnit to be brunt quick, was laid upon a maner of a rowe above the fyre. c1600 (1804) 154 To be publickly punisht, brokin upoun the roow, and thus pynit to the death. 1604 in IV. 105 To be brokin vpoun ane row quhill he be deid. 1897 Nov. 665/2 The number of malefactors hanged, beheaded, burnt,..broken on the ‘row’, and otherwise disposed of in public spectacle. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2011; most recently modified version published online December 2020). rown.4Origin: Probably a variant or alteration of another lexical item. Etymon: roll n.1 Etymology: Probably a Scots variant of roll n.1 (although this is first attested later in the equivalent sense: see roll n.1 4c). Compare earlier rower n.3, and later roller n.1 12. Compare also later row v.7, rove v.4, and rove n.6 Chiefly Scottish and Irish English ( northern). Now rare. the world > textiles and clothing > textiles > treated or processed textiles > [noun] > rove or slubbing a1646 D. Wedderburn (1685) 21/2 Filum, a threed. Neta, a row. 1825 ‘J. Nicholson’ 385 The portions thus rolled are called rows, rolls, or rowans. 1825 ‘J. Nicholson’ 391 The rows or rowans are taken to a roving-billy. a1908 H. C. Hart MS Coll. Ulster Words in M. Traynor (1953) 234 Row: a small roll of cloth for the spinner. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2011; most recently modified version published online March 2022). rown.5 Origin: Of uncertain origin. Perhaps an imitative or expressive formation. Etymology: Origin uncertain, perhaps originally imitative of the indistinct sound of a noisy commotion (compare earlier row dow dow n.), or perhaps related to row adj. (compare rough v.2 2). 1. society > society and the community > dissent > lack of peacefulness > [noun] > a disturbance caused by dissension society > society and the community > dissent > quarrel or quarrelling > [noun] > noisy or angry quarrel > instance of 1746 S. Barry Let. 6 June in D. Garrick (1831) I. 41 A terrible ‘Row’ ensued, between the few who paid ready money, and those who brought in his benefit-tickets. 1821 Ld. Byron xcix. 120 As boys love rows, my boyhood liked a squabble. 1839 W. McNally 66 American and French seamen have never met on shore..without a row. 1886 30 July 5/1 [He] got into a row with the keeper of a chili stand and was arrested. 1916 D. Cooper 16 Oct. (2005) 37 I didn't want a row with him..so I parried his advances as best I could and got rid of him. 1940 31 Jan. 40/2 When school came out I played footy, and picked a row with a kid. 2008 24 Nov. 12/1 If you have a problem with your kids at school, don't go around there, steamrollering in, wanting to have a row with the headmaster or the teachers. the mind > attention and judgement > testing > debate, disputation, argument > controversy, dispute, argument > [noun] > instance of 1879 28 June 291 A row over the Army Medical Establishment, which bloomed into a squabble over allegations of inhumanity to Zulus. 1884 47 31 The spoils of office were more safe perhaps while there was a possibility of a row between the North and the South. 1955 11 May 14/3 The Barons Court contest gains piquancy from a big local row which both sides expect to favour the Conservatives. 1979 21–7 Sept. 60/1 The £100 million complex has stood idle, paralysed by an inter-union ‘who does what’ row over 42 jobs. 2000 16 May i. 8/6 A row over whether Whitehall or Holyrood has the final say over train services north of the border. the world > physical sensation > hearing and noise > degree, kind, or quality of sound > loudness > [noun] > loud sound or noise 1753 J. Poulter 13 He would prick again for thirty [Guineas]; we were afraid he would make too big a Row when he lost that, that is, a great Noise. 1789 No. 12. 12 I shall..now and then kick up a row in the street. 1806 T. S. Surr III. vii. 203 It was reserved for the present winter..to introduce in the pit of the opera a row, in the lowest sense of that vulgar word. 1835 6 308 From the infernal row which the hounds made, he could have expected nothing short of being eaten alive. 1864 ii Chudleigh was going to speak..when Chorley cried, ‘Hold your row, will you?’ 1885 ‘F. Anstey’ 25 You can do no good to yourself or any one else by making a row. 1921 P. G. Wodehouse Let. 23 Mar. in (1990) i. 18 Next door to a set of blighters who made a row in their cabin till two every morning. 1986 Ajneya in M. R. Anand & S. B. Rao 70 I had been living in comfortable isolation as a B class prisoner. I had kicked up a row out of sheer boredom. 2003 (Nexis) 4 Dec. 11 The God-awful row [sc. loud music] coming from some cars could not possibly allow normal levels of concentration. the mind > attention and judgement > contempt > disapproval > rebuke or reproof > [noun] > scolding 1830 4 Sept. 190/2 Mother will give us a fine row for this night's work. 1884 Feb. 322/2 That..would certainly lead to a rupture with Julia, and a row from Mr. Bradberry, whom the old woman feared. 1973 M. Philip 64 ‘He's probably the one that got a row from his father this morning,’ said Peter. ‘I heard it going on when I went to wash up.’ 1985 D. Will & R. M. Wrate 16 Mother had repeatedly suggested that the best way of dealing with Keith's outbursts of temper was to ignore them. Father had suggested giving him a row every time he lost his temper. 2010 R. Pilcher v. 18 I'm not giving you a row, darling, so no need for that face. Phrasesthe mind > attention and judgement > enquiry > making inquiries [phrase] 1810 J. Poole i. iv. 15 Polonius. You look stark mad, Ophelia!—What's the row? Ophelia. I've had a precious fright. 1838 C. Dickens I. viii. 123 Hullo! my covey, what's the row? 1849 H. D. Thoreau 357 Come to see the sport, and have a hand in what is going,—to know ‘what's the row’, if there is any. 1940 C. Stead ix. 444 ‘What's the row?’ ‘Some son of a bitch wrote to that Forgotten Man that I married.’ Compounds c1840 J. Mitford (1891) 130 It was a case like that of the row-loving Irishman. 1881 ‘L. Carroll’ Jrnl. 26 May in (1898) 212 The row-loving men in College are beginning to be troublesome. 1947 H. Sinsheimer i. 23 Here..swarm the ‘plebs’, the row-loving rag-and-bobtail, the stuffing, boozing, belching mob of London. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2011; most recently modified version published online March 2022). rown.6Origin: Formed within English, by conversion. Etymon: row v.1 Etymology: < row v.1 Compare earlier rowing n.1 and rowth n.1Compare the following example of an apparent earlier use in the sense of ‘oar’, which does not appear to be paralleled elsewhere:1647 H. Hexham Copious Eng. & Netherduytch Dict. A rowe, Een riem daermen mede roeyt [‘an oar with which one rows’]. society > travel > travel by water > propelling boat by oars, paddle, or pole > [noun] > rowing > spell of rowing society > travel > travel by water > [noun] > a voyage > short voyage or trip > in specific type of craft 1767 91 The only exercise which I can use at present..is to take a row in my boat. 1818 A. Opie I. 79 She also proposed a row on the water, and the happy party found a boat and rowers ready at the word of command. 1832 F. Trollope (ed. 2) I. xvi. 249 A row upon the Ohio was another of our favourite amusements. 1864 L. S. Costello 310 Re-entering the gondola [we] resumed our row. 1914 Dec. 22 Maud was not averse to going for a row with two handsome and agreeable young men. 2004 (Univ. Glasgow) June 14/1 Stein gave an after dinner talk on his 2002 solo transatlantic crossing..—the first row from continental Europe to South America. 1959 1 Aug. 5/2 ‘I finally beat him, increasing my upright row to 205 pounds.’ In addition to the upright row, Miller's favorite off-lift is the one-armed dead lift. 1973 9 May Here are a few of the things that can be done on this weight-lifting machine:..upright row, bent-over row, sitout row. 1991 Feb. 85/1 During the off-season consult with a qualified trainer and do hyperextensions, ‘good mornings’, and bent-over rows to strengthen the trunk. 2015 Aug. 51/1 Cable flys can be double-handed or single-handed, while rows on a bench help isolate the lats. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2011; most recently modified version published online March 2022). rowadj.Origin: A variant or alteration of another lexical item. Etymon: rough adj. Etymology: Originally the inflected stem of rough adj., which in the course of the early Middle English period became a separate word with its own distinct inflections. Compare Middle Dutch ruw- , rū (Dutch ruw , regional (southern) rouw ) and Middle Low German ruw- , rū , contrasting with the Germanic forms cited at rough adj.See discussion of the forms at rough adj. Uses as simplex are rare after the 16th cent. English regional ( south-western) in later use. Now rare. the world > space > shape > unevenness > [adjective] > rough the world > action or operation > behaviour > bad behaviour > violent behaviour > [adjective] > rough > of language or expression α. OE Bounds (Sawyer 416) in W. de G. Birch (1887) II. 364 Ðonne to ðære ruwan hecgan. OE tr. (1995) §29. 242 Ða gesawe we þær ruge wifmen, & wæpned men wæron hie swa ruwe & swa gehære swa wildeor [L. pilosos in modo ferarum toto corpore]. a1225 ( Bounds (Sawyer 496) in S. E. Kelly (2000) 150 Þæt swa west on þone ruwan hlync. a1250 (?a1200) (Nero) (1952) 53 Nis þer þeonne bute vorworpen sone þet ruwe vel abute þe heorte. a1325 (c1250) (1968) l. 1539 Sridde ghe iacob and made him ru Ðor he was bare, nu lik esau. c1425 Liber Monasterii de Hyda (Sawyer 865) in S. Miller (2001) 204 Begyn fyrst by est Manyngford.., than to the lytyl rw burw [c1425 (OE) on þone litlan rwan beorh], than to the grene lynch by Myldune. Compounds (Harl. 221) 437 Rowchere, acrimonia. 1891 R. P. Chope at Dashle The milk-thistle is called Milky-dashle, and the Scotch thistle Row-dashle. 1891 R. P. Chope at Dashle Row-dogs.., Rough men (Clovelly). 1995 J. Bord & C. Bord 80 On the Isle of Portland (Dorset), the phantom dog was called a Row Dog (meaning rough, from his shaggy coat). the world > animals > birds > parts of or bird defined by > [adjective] > of feet > having feathered feet the world > textiles and clothing > clothing > wearing clothing > [adjective] > wearing footwear > wearing shoes > wearing shoes made from specific material 1896 R. Kipling 118 What care I for your row-foot earls, Or all the sons o' your body? 1924 F. S. Copeland 228 ‘You are not a rowfoot churl, my son,’ replied the princess, ‘but an unfortunate prince.’ a1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomaeus Anglicus (BL Add.) f. 145 Row foted [L. habentes pedes pennatos] dowfes brediþ wel nygh euery moneþ. 1564 W. Bullein f. 2 I had better be hanged in a withie or in a Cowtaile, than bæ a rowfooted Scot. 1848 6 1973 Small Spotted Dog, Scyllium canicula. Frequently called ‘rough’ or ‘row-hound’. 1912 F. Ward (ed. 2) iv. 39 Some smaller members of the shark tribe are known as dog-fishes, of which the row-hound is the commonest. 1403–4 in F. B. Bickley (1900) II. 182 (MED) No Smyth yclepid a Rowsmyth..be nowȝt thorow the towne no maner of yreware to sylle. 1408 in G. Otto (1938) 84 (MED) Rowsmyth. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2011; most recently modified version published online March 2022). rowv.1Origin: A word inherited from Germanic. Etymology: Cognate with Old Frisian rōi- (in rōiskip ship that is rowed, rowing boat; West Frisian roeije , East Frisian rōi , roie , North Frisian rui , rö ), Middle Dutch rōyen , roeyen (Dutch roeien ), Middle Low German rōjen (German regional (Low German) rojen ), Middle High German rüejen , rüegen (compare German rojen < German regional (Low German)), Old Icelandic róa , Norwegian ro , Old Swedish roa (Swedish ro ), Old Danish roo (Danish ro ) < the same Indo-European base as Mycenaean Greek e-re-e , Early Irish ráid , Lithuanian irti , all in sense ‘to row’. Derivative nouns from the same base with varying ablaut grades and suffixation can be seen in Old English rōðor oar (see rudder n.), Sanskrit aritra oar, aritār rower, ancient Greek ἐρετμόν oar, ἐρέτης rower, classical Latin rēmus oar (see reme n.1), Early Irish rámae oar (Irish rámha, rámh), Welsh rhawf spade (compare rhwyf oar < Latin), Lithuanian irklas oar.In Old English a strong verb of Class VII. Weak forms of the past tense and past participle are attested from the early Middle English period and quickly become dominant. While strong forms of the past participle continue into the 16th cent., strong forms of the past tense are not attested in Middle English after the first half of the 14th cent.; however, for an example of (occasional) use much later compare quot. 1669 at sense 1a. On the Old English (chiefly Northumbrian) forms with initial hr- see discussion at R n. The β. forms are reverse spellings reflecting earlier vocalization of l in Scots (compare γ. forms at roll v.2). In Old English the prefixed form gerōwan to row, to traverse by rowing (compare y- prefix) is also attested; compare also berōwan berow vb. at be- prefix 4, oþrōwan to row off (compare oth prep.), oferrōwan to row over (compare over- prefix). 1. society > travel > travel by water > propelling boat by oars, paddle, or pole > [verb (intransitive)] > row OE (Northumbrian) viii. 23 Nauigantibus autem illis obdormiuit : hrowundum uel miððy gehrowun ðonne ðæm slepde [OE West Saxon Gospels: Corpus Cambr. þa hig reowun, þa slep he]. OE (1991) 33 Ego ascendo nauem.., et nauigo ultra marinas partes : ic astige min scyp..& rowe ofer sælice dælas. lOE (Laud) anno 1046 His sciperes gefengon hine [sc. Beorn] & wurpon hine on þone bat & bundon hine & reowan to scipe. c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon (Calig.) (1963) 3896 He þohte swa forð teon æfter þere Temese, rouwen swa longe þat he come to Londen. c1300 St. Thomas Becket (Laud) l. 1149 in C. Horstmann (1887) 139 (MED) In-to þe se he wende; heo roweden [a1325 Corpus Cambr. rewe] forth al þane dai. c1330 (?a1300) (1886) l. 1655 (MED) So rewe þe kniȝtes trewe; Tristrem, so rewe he. c1400 (?c1380) l. 216 Þay ruyt hym to rowwe and letten þe rynk one. 1477 W. Caxton tr. R. Le Fèvre (1913) 50 They made redy their oores & rowed by the force of their armes. 1553 R. Eden tr. S. Münster sig. Lvjv They were enforsed to gather vppe theyr sayles, and to rowe only with the maste. 1578 T. Nicholas tr. F. Lopez de Gómara 38 Having rowen little more then halfe a league, they espied a greate Towne. 1617 F. Moryson i. 3 All Passengers without difference of condition must help to rowe. 1663 Marquis of Worcester §15 The course..according to which the Oars shall row. 1669 T. Allin 2 Sept. (1940) (modernized text) II. 111 He..out with his oars and rowed [MS rew] away from him. 1700 J. Dryden tr. Ovid Ceyx & Alcyone in 365 The Sailors ship their Oars, and cease to row. 1707 E. Ward 57 They pray as they row, backwards. 1765 J. Bartram Jrnl. 22 Dec. 3 in W. Stork We rowed but a few miles, then landed and walked on shore. 1867 4 684 With burnished hull and perfumed sails, and silver oars rowing in unison. 1884 S. Baring-Gould (new ed.) ii. 27 She..cast loose, and began to row. 1911 XXIII. 784/2 The Leander crew..failed to start, and the Cornell crew rowed on to the finish without offering to return. 1939 C. Isherwood 135 Otto kept splashing with his oars—at first because he couldn't row properly, later merely to annoy Peter. 2001 J. Gough ii. xiv. 42 I..dreamt I was trying to row to an island. society > travel > travel by water > action or motion of vessel > [verb (intransitive)] > make progress > by oars or sweeps c1300 (?c1225) (Laud) (1901) l. 645 (MED) Y say a schip rowe Mid watere al by flowe. a1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomaeus Anglicus (BL Add.) f. 155v Þer in may no shippe rowe noþer sayle, for al þing þat hath no lyf synkeþ downe. (Harl. 221) 438 Rowyn, yn watyr, navigo. c1480 (a1400) St. Martha 33 in W. M. Metcalfe (1896) I. 286 As fysche wald he dwel in þe flud, & our-tyrwit batis, þat rowyt þare. ?a1535 To City of London (Vitellius) in J. Small (1893) II. 277 Where many a barge doth saile, and row with are. 1590 J. Smythe 12 All the long boates..do rowe with all furie towards the land. 1613 A. Sherley 8 Perceiving a Fregat a farre off, rowing towards vs. 1694 ii. 150 All the other Longboats row out before, and take notice which way the Line doth stand. 1791 J. Smeaton §210 We therefore agreed that the light yawl should row the headmost. 1823 21 Nov. 2/5 A French frigate's boat rowed up alongside, when one of the Frenchmen took hold of her painter. 1878 W. C. Bennett 113 When his ship comes sailing into port and his boat rows here to me..I shall clasp him on the quay! 1906 R. Kipling 74 Towards morning a Dane ship, rowing silently, struck against us in the mist. 2009 J. Hale x. 142 The Athenians saw a small boat rowing across from the enemy line. a1325 (?c1300) (Cambr. Gg.1.1) l. 1288 (MED) Fro heuene litht Þeder Iesu send an angel britht. Þe angle mad þe watir so flowe, Wen he schol þeder rowe. c1400 (?a1387) W. Langland (Huntington HM 137) (1873) C. xi. 52 (MED) Free wil and free wit folweþ a man euere To repenten and ryse and rowen out of synne. a1500 (?c1378) J. Wyclif (1880) 411 (MED) We shulden be pilgryms heere & rowe wisely in þis boot to heuene. 1579 sig. Iiiv Where riot rules within the ship, there Whoredome holds an Ore, And Sloth doth holde the fickle helme, while Enuy row to shore. 1630 J. Taylor Cast over Water in ii. 161 To their iournies end all Creatures rowes. 1663 S. Butler i. i. 67 Whatsoe're we perpetrate, We do but row, w'are stear'd by Fate. a1732 T. Boston (1851) X. 356 The way he [sc. Satan] would have them go, is the way their natural bent lies. Hence he has easy work to prompt them forward, for he rows with the tide. 1851 65 529 The usual form is that of a journal; and as I row with the stream, I must follow the example. 1990 28 May 6/1 The Bush Administration is..feeling beset by troubles as the president rows back from his ‘no new taxes’ campaign pledge. the world > animals > by locomotion > locomotion of animals > [verb (intransitive)] > swim OE tr. Vitas Patrum in B. Assmann (1889) 205 Þa bleowan wit þa kylla and astigon þæron and scufon hig þa ut on þa ea, and wit reowan sticcmælum mid uncrum fotum, oð þæt hig unc asetton swiðe feor on oðre healfe þære ea. 1621 D. Widdowes tr. W. A. Scribonius 63 Geese, Duckes, Swannes, haue whole feete to rowe in the water. 1694 ii. 119 When they [sc. starfish] swim in the Water they hold their Legs together, and so they row along. 1728 J. Thomson 39 In the Pond, The finely-checker'd Duck, before her Train, Rows garrulous. 1827 T. Hood Plea Midsummer Fairies iv, in 3 Others [sc. fish] with fresh hues row'd forth to win My changeable regard. 1866 4 649 His armour-bearer, with wiser mind enduring to prolong his life, now evading the adverse waves, now rowing with his feet, brought the body of his master to land. 1885 R. Bridges vii. vi. 81 Down he dived, And rowing with his glistening wings, arrived At Aphrodite's bower. 1900 399 It swam in a manner hitherto undescribed in crabs by rowing with its last two pairs of thoracic legs. 1922 J. A. Thomson v. 207 The turtle rows with its flipper-like limbs. 2005 M. J. Benton viii. 247/1 (caption) Plesiosaur locomotion;..three hypotheses; (a) rowing underwater like a duck, (b) flying underwater like a penguin [etc.]. 3. society > travel > travel by water > propelling boat by oars, paddle, or pole > propel boat by oars, paddle, or pole [verb (transitive)] > row (a boat) c1350 Nominale (Cambr. Ee.4.20) in (1906) 11* Homme neef de veroun nage, M[an]. schippe with ore rowith. a1393 J. Gower (Fairf.) ii. 1905 (MED) The barge Envie stiereth..Wher Falssemblant with Ore on honde It roweth, and wol noght arive. 1466 in (1841) 211 (MED) My mastyr gaffe to the men of the kervelle for rowenge the bote to Manytre and to Yipswiche, xj [d.]. 1590 E. Spenser ii. vi. sig. R3 In this wide Inland sea,..My wandring ship I row. 1699 W. Dampier i. iv. 75 They are rowed with from 16 or 20 to 24 Oars. 1728 E. Chambers (at cited word) Oar, An Instrument whereby a Boat, Barge, Galley, &c. is row'd, or advanc'd along the Water. 1788 B. Franklin Let. 25 Oct. in (1888) X. 17 A large boat rowed by the force of steam is now exercised upon our river. 1810 G. Crabbe xxii. 305 Alone he row'd his Boat, alone he cast His Nets beside. 1884 D. Pae 77 The arrangement was that Willy should row one boat and Eustace the other. 1946 K. Tennant (1947) ii. 31 Jamaica was breathing heavily with the effort of rowing the flattie against the tide. 2009 Apr.–May 38 A gig boat was being rowed to shore. society > travel > travel by water > transportation by water > transport by water [verb (transitive)] > in specific type of craft or by specific propulsion the world > movement > progressive motion > moving with current of air or water > movement in or on water > move in or on water [verb (transitive)] > move as by oars a1470 T. Malory (Winch. Coll.) 53 Go ye into yondir barge and rowe yourselffe to the swerde and take hit. 1489 (a1380) J. Barbour (Adv.) iii. 425 Þe thrid wes ane Þat rowyt þaim our deliuerly, and set þaim on þe land. a1513 R. Fabyan (1516) II. f. ccv This Mayer..was rowed thyther by water. 1612 J. Selden in M. Drayton x. 166 All these, he..sitting at the Sterne, compelled to row him ouer Dee. 1656 W. Sanderson i. 60 He, and Tylliburn rowed her over the Lake. 1774 O. Goldsmith IV. 327 He makes a virtue of necessity, and hospitably rows him to shore. 1838–9 F. A. Kemble (1863) 74 We rowed the doctor over to see some of his patients. 1857 28 166 Our goods were rowed across in a boat, but it was necessary for the animals to swim. 1979 J. Hodgins (1980) i. i. 27 He..untied Preserved Crabbe's little wooden punt, and rowed himself seaward. 1992 S. Prospere 75 Reverend Dodgson rowed Alice Liddell and her sisters..from Folly Bridge to Godstow. society > travel > travel by water > propelling boat by oars, paddle, or pole > propel boat by oars, paddle, or pole [verb (transitive)] > row (a boat) > make a stroke 1769 W. Falconer at Strokesman The person who rows the hindmost oar in a boat, and gives the stroke, which the rest are to follow. 1866 ‘Argonaut’ 55 He must impress upon all his crew the necessity of not rowing a single stroke carelessly. 1866 ‘Argonaut’ 58 In these..two men row a pair of oars. 1907 June 365/1 The beaten crew rowed an inferior stroke and the winning crew a better one. 1996 J. F. Lazenby ii. 28 The classical trireme, in which each man rowed a single oar. society > travel > travel by water > vessel, ship, or boat > vessels propelled by oars or poles > be propelled by oars or poles [verb (transitive)] > be fitted for (so many) oars 1769 W. Falconer at Boat Pinnaces..are somewhat smaller, and never row more than eight oars. 1799 Ld. Nelson in (1845) I. 11 The Spanish barge rowed twenty-six oars, besides Officers, thirty in the whole. 1806 A. Duncan 178 In a small boat rowing six oars. 1854 H. Miller xxiv. 508 I purchased..a light little yawl..that rowed four oars. 1934 20 143 In the Shetlands... a larger type [of boat], rowing six oars and known therefore as sixerns, were used in..deep-sea fishing. 1980 D. Pope (2001) xv. 184 The little jolly-boat was hoisted out—rowing four oars, she carried eight armed men. 1606 T. Dekker sig. D4v At Westminster-bridge..ready to be torne in peeces to haue two pence rowed out of your purse. society > travel > travel by water > propelling boat by oars, paddle, or pole > propel boat by oars, paddle, or pole [verb (transitive)] > row (a boat) > make (one's way) by rowing 1610 G. Fletcher vi. 69 You dead Swallowes, that so liuely now Through the flit aire your winged passage rowe. 1736 R. Ainsworth (at cited word) To row one's own course, or do as one pleaseth. a1811 J. Grahame (1812) 129 Smooth, in sinuous course, the swimmer winds..with extended arms, rowing his way. 1821 W. Scott II. xiii. 325 Joan.., with robust pace, and red sturdy arms, rowed her way onward, amongst those prim and pretty moppets. 1884 29 Mar. 6/1 University crews have rowed the course on sliding seats. 1911 tr. in (1918) 569 Placing his canoe in the waters of the lake and boarding it the young hunter soon rowed his way to the shore. 1997 L. Lippman vii. 53 Tess felt she could row the length of the Chesapeake. 6. 1667 J. Milton vii. 439 The Swan..Rowes Her state with Oarie feet. View more context for this quotation 1713 W. Derham vii. i. 379 [The legs] somewhat out of the Center of the Body's Gravity..for the better rowing their Bodies through the Waters. 1787 T. Best 1 The tail an instrument of progressive motion which serves to row them forward. 1859 H. Read vii. 117 Some [creatures] are rowed by fins; others soar on their wings. 1884 (ed. 3) I. ii. 78 With the lever it is rowed to the right or left as may be required. 1903 J. R. A. Davis II. xiv. 155 A common British Comb-Jelly..which is rowed through the water by eight longitudinal rows of little paddles. 1997 A. M. Jones v. 124 Very small insects such as some midges have hairy wings and effectively row themselves through the air rather than fly. 1707 J. Mortimer 20 'Tis a vast quantity of Water that their turning will row along upon a flat. 1894 Apr. 68 In this contrivance [sc. a tank] the boat remains still, and the water is rowed by. 1910 G. H. Corsan i. 37 Both arms are in the same position..but the left arm is lower, and in the water, rowing the water back. 1997 B. MacLaverty (1998) 244 ‘Mum the water's too hot.’ ‘Row it round you.’ The right hand clawed the water backwards, the left pushed it forwards. 7. Sport. society > leisure > sport > types of sport or game > racing or race > boat racing or race > race boats [verb (transitive)] > row a race 1804 1 Feb. Yesterday the match was rowed..between a select number of Watermen belonging to London, and the same number of chosen men at Gravesend. 1852 J. F. Bateman iii. 23 Some University scratch Four-oared Races were rowed. 1883 J. Brinsley-Richards xi. 106 Ricardo and Campbell were gamely rowing a good stern-race, but no more. 1888 W. B. Woodgate (Badminton Libr. of Sports & Pastimes) 252 This [race of 1846] was the first race rowed in keelless boats. 1933 12 June 6/6 The race is rowed..in gigs pulling six oars over a two-mile course. 1980 1 June xxiii. 12/3 Classic Yale-Harvard Regatta in New London... The four-mile varsity race..will be rowed on the Thames River. 2007 (Nexis) Feb. Hayes, a 42-year-old consultant, never rowed a race until he came to the boat center several years ago. 1815 C. I. Johnstone III. xxxiii. 34 He had..been sent to box and see the world at Westminster school; to row and make Latin verses at Eton. 1877 2 726 Unfortunately Fowler was too unwell to row for Selwyn. 1887 34 184 He rows for the glory of Harvard or of Yale. 1907 7 401 In his younger days he was a keen cricketer... He also used to row. 1956 L. E. Jones iii. 70 Freshmen were..urged to row. 2009 (Nexis) 18 July 12 I rowed for Great Britain at the Barcelona Olympics and feel very proud to have done so. society > travel > travel by water > propelling boat by oars, paddle, or pole > propel boat by oars, paddle, or pole [verb (transitive)] > row (a boat) > row at position in boat 1840 May 330 The Etonian Club Boat..which had to contest the grand heat with the Trinity College, Cambridge, boat, and on which occasion he rowed stroke. 1883 C. Reade in Dec. 131/2 [He] rowed six in the college boat. 1889 J. K. Jerome vii I gave it up at last; I said I'd row bow. 1903 10 Dec. 132/1 G. C. Drinkwater, of Wadham, who rowed bow in last year's 'Varsity Eight, made a splendid fight with them. 1964 27 Apr. 75 He might row stroke on the varsity crew. 2000 D. J. Boyne (2005) 133 Brown, whom Parker had placed in the two seat, usually rowed six in the Princeton varsity. society > leisure > sport > types of sport or game > racing or race > boat racing or race > race boats [verb (transitive)] > row a race > row against 1861 14 Aug. 249/2 I offered to fight him for the difference, or to wrestle him for it, or to walk him for it, or run, or hop, or swim, or row him for it. 1888 W. B. Woodgate (Badminton Libr. of Sports & Pastimes) 237 Beach..rowed Wallace Ross for the championship. 1919 T. A. Cook 367 This is the second time Shrewsbury have rowed Eton. 1991 (Nexis) 26 Mar. 30 Cambridge dismissed yesterday's statistics... ‘Last year we were two stones a man lighter and we still rowed Oxford very close.’ society > leisure > sport > types of sport or game > racing or race > boat racing or race > race boats [verb (transitive)] > row a race > use in rowing 1876 10 Aug. 140 Oxford University, who only rowed seven oars in the final heat. 1906 7 Nov. 297/1 The enforced retirement of Gatehouse at the eleventh hour compelled them to row an untrained man. Phrasesthe world > action or operation > difficulty > present difficulties [verb (intransitive)] > have difficulty > have to contend with difficulties OE 185 Werig sceal se wiþ winde roweþ.] c1230 (?a1200) (Corpus Cambr.) (1962) 58 Ȝe as ȝe wulleð waxen & nawt wenden hindward sikerliche ȝe moten rowen aȝein stream wið muchel swinc breoken forð. a1250 (?c1200) (Maidstone) (1955) 85 (MED) Sorwe hit is to rowen [a1275 Trin. Cambr. roȝen, a1300 Jesus Oxf. reowe] awen [read aȝen] þe se-flode. c1330 in R. H. Robbins (1959) 141 (MED) Who-so roweþ aȝein þe flod, Off sorwe he shal drinke. a1393 J. Gower (Fairf.) iv. 1781 (MED) Betre is to wayte upon the tyde Than rowe ayein the stremes stronge. a1475 (Lansd.) (Ph.D. diss., Univ. of Washington) (1965) 7003 (MED) He þat loueþ þere þat is hat, Aȝenst þe streem he roweþ sore. c1475 (Folger) (1969) 491 (MED) I woll no more row ageyn þe floode. 1677 A. Horneck vi. 345 He that can row against the Stream, may with greater facility row with it. 1679 W. Petty in E. Fitzmaurice (1895) 244 I have been travailing in dark dirty crooked ways, and have been rowing against wind and tide. 1786 T. Morell tr. Seneca II. cxxii. 357 Life is nothing else but rowing against the stream [L. non alia vita est quam contra aquam remigantibus]. 1855 C. Kingsley iv I am not going to be fool enough to row against wind and tide too. 1917 18 80 During this day they had constantly rowed against the stream, having increased their distance only 12 miles up the river. 2008 S. Rushdie (2009) 95 Always rowing against the tide, eh, Birbal... Now that he is exonerated, your doubts move against him. the world > action or operation > endeavour > make an attempt or endeavour [verb (intransitive)] > attempt more than one can do 1557 Earl of Surrey et al. sig. Q.iiv I rowe not so farre past my reache. 1575 G. Gascoigne Posies in (1587) 131 Hold wyth the head, and row not past thy reach. 1585 A. Bourcher in R. Edwards (new ed.) sig. D Perhaps you think me bolde that dare presume to teache, As one yt runns beyond his race, & rowes beyond his reach. 1604 J. Hind sig. n4 I would wish my gallant youthes..not to row past their reach. society > armed hostility > hostilities at sea > administration and ceremonial > organize naval affairs, etc. [verb (intransitive)] > do rounds 1756 Log ‘Tyger’ 30 Dec. in S. C. Hill (1905) 10 Rowed guard. At half past 3 the guard boat fired two muskets and burnt a false fire as an alarm. 1769 W. Falconer Guard-boat, a boat appointed to row the rounds amongst the ships of war which are laid up in any harbour. 1845 No. 11. 639 Next day the boats of the Thunderbolt rowed guard and prevented any landing. 1903 G. E. Belknap in F. S. Hill 346 A powerful search-light was kept in operation all night, and boats rowed guard on moonless nights. 1992 P. O'Brian (1993) 62 They were within a mile of the Hermione, when they were seen by two Spanish gunboats rowing guard. P4. to row dry. society > travel > travel by water > propelling boat by oars, paddle, or pole > [verb (intransitive)] > row > row in specific manner or style 1769 W. Falconer Nage sec, row dry! the order to row without wetting the passengers. 1845 E. J. Wakefield I. xi. 328 Row dry, boys!—lay on! Pull two, back three! 1998 P. O'Brian (1999) i. 7 Bonden shoved off, said ‘Give way’, and with exact timing, rowing dry with long grave strokes, they pulled the barge. society > travel > travel by water > propelling boat by oars, paddle, or pole > [verb (intransitive)] > row > pretend to row 1834 F. Marryat II. ix. 143 ‘There's that fellow Jones..never touching the water all the while... He's rowing dry, your honour—only making bilave.’ 1866 17 85 Some ‘rowed dry’ and ‘caught crabs’, and some knocked the backs and elbows of their companions. 1890 at word To row dry... To go through the motions of rowing in a boat swung at the davits of a ship, as a sailor in punishment for some offense connected with boats or rowing. 1583 B. Melbancke (new ed.) sig. Pv And so imitate the waterman whiche lookethe one waye, and roweth another. 1610 S. Rowlands sig. Bv Hee's a dogged knaue, and will bite before he barke... His deuise is, a Waterman, looking one way and rowing another. a1632 T. Dekker (1636) sig. G4v Now in good sooth my Lord, shee has but vs'd you As watermen use their fares, for shee look'd one way, And row'd another. 1678 J. Bunyan 138 My Great Grand-father was but a Water-man, looking one way, and Rowing another; and I got most of my Estate by the same occupation. View more context for this quotation 1728 Earl of Ailesbury (1890) 650 Certain it was that in her Court there were persons that looked one way and rowed another. 1802 L. Chester iv. 35 I'm tired to death of these Waterman politicians, looking one way and rowing another, in religion or politics. 1937 R. W. Winston iii. xxvi. 344 Southern leaders should not be forced to row one way and look another. P6. society > society and the community > social relations > association for a common purpose > associate for common purpose [verb (intransitive)] 1787 Feb. 280 If you will row in one boat with us, and become an accomplice of mine, I will put some hundreds in your way. 1801 G. Hanger II. 347 This society (pardon the vulgarity of the expression!) all rowed in one boat, passing bills from one to the other. 1819 J. H. Vaux New Vocab. Flash Lang. in II. 202 Row in the boat, to go snacks or have a share in the benefit arising from any transaction to which you are privy. 1962 F. O'Connor Let. 6 Sept. in (1979) 491 If I can lay my hands on it, I will send you an article about him and St. Thomas in which they are rowing in the same boat. 2007 (Nexis) 21 Dec. sp 2 All the players..that made the list..have been added to the bad books... You are all now rowing in the same boat. society > society and the community > social relations > co-operation > co-operate [verb (intransitive)] 1861 H. Mayhew III. 67 There was three of us rowed in with it [sc. the making and selling of Guy Fawkes figures], so we got a few shillings a-piece. 1897 12 Feb. 5/7 It's very likely the sellers..are anything but satisfied with the results of sales by auction where a ‘knock-out’ is arranged, and especially where the auctioneer ‘rows in’ with the crew. 1934 P. Allingham xvi. 202 I think these boys had better row in with us... We may as well stick together. 1970 G. F. Newman vii. 194 What if they try to row in? 1998 E. MacDermott v. 66 Some of the Independents would have to row in with them..to make up the required numbers. society > travel > travel by water > propelling boat by oars, paddle, or pole > [phrase] > order to cease rowing 1802 N. Salmon (rev. ed.) at Row Rowed of all, lève rames. 1836 F. Marryat I. xi. 172 ‘In bow—rowed of all.’ The boat was laid alongside. 1867 W. H. Smyth & E. Belcher 583 Rowed of all, the orders for the rowers to cease, and toss their oars into the boat simultaneously, in naval style. 1904 G. Cross I. vi. 112 ‘In bow—rowed of all’, said I, as the well-manned boat glided silently to the foot of the stairs. 1991 P. O'Brian (1993) 206 ‘Rowed of all’, cried Reade at last, and the bargemen tossed their oars into the boat, Navy-fashion. P8. the mind > attention and judgement > contempt > disapproval > rebuke or reproof > rebuke or reprove [verb (transitive)] > severely 1838 J. R. Lowell in (1898) 58 338 When I recite Locke, he [sc. the tutor] generally spends three quarters of the time in endeavoring to row up that delectable writer. 1845 N.Y. Tribune 10 Dec. in J. R. Bartlett (1848) at To row up We should really like, of all things, to row up the majority of Congress as it deserves in regard to the practice. 1850 J. R. Lowell in H. E. Scudder (1901) I. 303 I am tired of controversy, and, though I have cut out the oars with which to row up my friend Bowen, yet I have enough to do. Phrasal verbs PV1. 1967 6 Feb. 1/1 He then rowed back to the discouraging position adopted by President Johnson. 1971 13 May 16/4 There also remained Rippon's political and public-relations problem in rowing back from his widely publicized, emotionally phrased demand. 1992 (Nexis) 21 Jan. 4 Leaders of some Commonwealth states came under renewed pressure to row back on price increases and reintroduce subsidies on some basic goods. 2007 A. Ford vi. 129 But almost as soon as he had stated his intention, Ussher rowed back. PV2. society > travel > travel by water > propelling boat by oars, paddle, or pole > propel boat by oars, paddle, or pole [verb (transitive)] > row (a boat) > overtake or outstrip by rowing 1866 May 464 The long steady pulling of Oxford rowing Cambridge down just after passing the top of the Eyot. 1869 in W. E. Sherwood (1900) 156 What is allowed to be the strongest crew upon the river..has been rowed down every day. 1900 W. Peacock 34 Oxford rowed them down and ran into them off the Crab Tree. 2008 (Nexis) 7 July (Sport) 27 They rowed down Marlow in the final. PV3. 1865 F. Chavasse Diary 4 Dec. in M. Smith & S. Taylor (2004) 155 The heat for second place was rowed off between our boat & Bussell's. 1919 T. A. Cook i. 7 It was necessary to row off some preliminary heats the day before the official racing began. 1956 13 June 14 The first heats of the Oxford University Silver Sculls were rowed off yesterday. PV4. society > travel > travel by water > propelling boat by oars, paddle, or pole > propel boat by oars, paddle, or pole [verb (transitive)] > row (a boat) > exhaust by rowing 1874 May 448 Another spurt showed how thoroughly the Oxford crew were rowed out, and they fell altogether to pieces at the White Hart. 1914 4 July 17/1 Dibble was rowed out, and Sinagaglia won by five lengths. 1928 7 Aug. 12/6 Both pairs finished in a distressed condition, Boardman being completely rowed-out. 2008 (Nexis) 9 July (Sport) 4 The Welsh crew kept the pressure on all the way and the favourites looked rowed out at the finish. PV5. society > leisure > sport > types of sport or game > racing or race > boat racing or race > take part in boat racing or race [verb (intransitive)] > actions in rowing race 1830 27 Aug. Harlequin rowed over [in the Liverpool regatta]. 1868 4 July 14/3 First Trinity rowed over for the trial heat, and in the final heat on the second day ‘warmed up’ University to some tune. 1907 27 Feb. 247/2 On Friday both boats rowed over, and on Saturday Christ Church II bumped Queen's. 2000 J. Durack et al. 5 It is not clear what the rules were that governed the situation if everybody rowed over (and hence no one would be eliminated). This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2011; most recently modified version published online June 2022). rowv.2Origin: Formed within English, by conversion. Etymon: row n.1 Etymology: < row n.1 Compare earlier rew v.Compare Old English gerāwan to cut (furrows) in rows ( < the Germanic base of y- prefix + the Germanic base of row n.1). the world > matter > light > shine [verb (intransitive)] > emit rays a1393 J. Gower (Fairf.) iii. 1057 (MED) Whan the dai began to rowe, Tho mihten thei the sothe knowe. c1400 (c1378) W. Langland (Laud 581) (1869) B. xviii. 123 Eyther axed other..Of þe dyne & of þe derknesse, and how þe daye rowed [C. roued; v.rr. rowide, reued]. a1450 (c1385) G. Chaucer (Tanner 346) (1871) l. 2 Gladeth the louers in the morow gray; lo, venus risen amonge you rowes rede. 2. 1582 S. Batman xiii. xxix. f. 201/1 These fishes haue their teeth double rowed, and doe bite daungerously. 1623 J. Hagthorpe 52 The Zibra is a certaine beast in Africk..like a Mule, her bodie rowed with rowes of seuerall colours. 1657 G. Thornley tr. Longus 197 His mouth rowed with Elephant-pearl. 1666 W. Dugdale xix. 49 Upon this board is laid a Cloth,..which is of black colour, rowed with strekes. a1718 T. Parnell (1721) 132 Bid her wear thy Necklace row'd with Pearl. the world > space > relative position > arrangement or fact of being arranged > arrangement in (a) row(s) or line(s > arrange in (a) row(s) or line(s [verb (transitive)] 1703 R. Neve 42 They Row them up, like a Wall.., with some small Intervals betwixt them. 1795 Mar. 279 Carrots..may, it seems, be rowed with a drill-plough. 1824 J. Mactaggart 151 A farmer..Made aften sweet milk cheese, And raw'd them nicely on his deals. 1825 14 May 313/3 Beans and potatoes are drilled or rowed so wide as to admit of horse hoeing. 1895 J. Nicholson (ed. 4) 157 [Potatoes] rawed on the hob, whaur they toastit. 1960 12 Jan. 63/3 [Hay] is sometimes baled the same evening. If not , it is rowed up and tedded out again the next morning. 1998 (Nexis) 6 May 17 Corn stalks are bent in submission to their fate, and cabbages, once neatly rowed and hoed, await theirs. the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > a straight course > go in a straight course [verb (intransitive)] 1822 J. Hogg in 461/1 Tell us how the langkail thrive, And how the turnips raw, Geordie. 1834 Aug. 297/1 The turnips are rowing beautifully, and thus far have escaped disease. 1877 E. Peacock at word Them carrots raws well. I could n't see one last time I past, an' they 're th' whole length o' th' close noo. 1903 4 July 319/2 We grow in rows, two and a half feet apart,..just as you would plant corn or potatoes, rowing both ways. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2011; most recently modified version published online March 2022). rowv.3Origin: Probably a variant or alteration of another lexical item. Etymon: row v.1 Etymology: Probably originally a specific use of row v.1, on account of the action of stirring resembling the stroke of an oar, and of the shape of the implements used. Compare slightly later rudder n. 5.In uses referring to the processing of herring (compare quot. 1641 at sense 1) perhaps influenced by rore v. or its etymon Middle Dutch roeren to move, stir (for the semantic connection see discussion at roaring n.2); compare rower-back n. the world > movement > motion in specific manner > irregular movement or agitation > agitate [verb (transitive)] > stir a1400 (Pepys) (1976) 114 Grut cleueþ to geder; take dust & rowe it, it altobloweþ. 1641 S. Smith 10 One Boy doth row and stirre them up and downe in the salt. 1704 at Brewing Then let it [sc. liquor] be put into the Mashing Tub to wet the Malt, as stiff as you can well row it up. 1765 7 When the first mash is quite done rowing up. 1788 W. Marshall Provincialisms E. Yorks. in II. 348 To row, to rake or stir about, as ashes in an oven. 1807 IV. 348/2 So much [water] is poured to a quantity of malt in the mashing tub, as makes it of a consistence stiff enough to be just well rowed. 1877 in F. Ross et al. ‘Row it weel aboot’, stir it up well. 1928 A. E. Pease Row, to rake, to stir. 1996 P. Sambrook iii. 104 (caption) Rowing the mash: a contemporary illustration showing both the mash tun and firebox raised on a platform. †2. the world > movement > impact > striking > striking in specific manner > strike in specific manner [verb (transitive)] > strike with pushing action > poke or prod c1500 Stations of Jerusalem l. 561 in C. Horstmann (1881) 2nd Ser. 363/1 (MED) Jhesu..bad hym pute his hond in his ryȝht syde; When Thomas hade rowyd in his wonde, He wepe full sore & fell to grounde. 1600 R. Cawdrey 517 Hee that roweth in an eye for the getting out of a moate, when a beame is sticking, there is small hope that he shall cleare that eye. 1877 F. Ross et al. Row-inti,..to make a vigorous investigation. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2011; most recently modified version published online March 2022). † rowv.4Origin: Of uncertain origin. Etymology: Origin uncertain. Perhaps compare classical Latin ruere to rush (see rue v.2) or Middle French roer to turn over (see rotate v.; in Old French also in sense ‘to wander about’ (1262)). Perhaps compare also earlier row adj. or later roll v.2 39, but a connection with either of these would present phonological problems. Obsolete. ?a1400 (a1338) R. Mannyng (Petyt) (1996) i. l. 10174 Þan begynnes þe louh to flowe & ouer bankes to renne & rowe [Fr. covrir et soronder]. c1475 (Caius) l. 7700 Wyth a Roke he smote hym sore; Vppon the heed he brake the browe; Abowt the shulders the blod gan Rowe [a1500 Cambr. ranne downe, c1330 Auch. out span]. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2011; most recently modified version published online December 2020). rowv.5Origin: Formed within English, by conversion. Etymon: row adj. Etymology: < row adj. Compare earlier rowing n.2 Compare slightly earlier rough v.2 Textiles. the world > textiles and clothing > textiles > textile manufacture > manufacture textile fabric or that which consists of > manufacture of textile fabric > treating or processing textile fabric > treat or process textile fabric [verb (transitive)] > put nap on 1487 (Electronic ed.) Parl. Nov. 1487 §30. m. 12 An acte that noe stranger or denyson shall carry any wollen clothes out of this realme, before they be barbed, rowed and shorne. 1511–12 c. 6 §1 The Walker..shall not rowe nor werke any Clothe or Webbe with any Cardes. 1543 c. 8 §13 (Publ. Gen. Acts) Teyntours whiche hereafter shalbe vsed..for due stretchyng of cloth onely, after that it commeth fro the myll, and before it be rowen. 1557 Let. in R. Hakluyt (1598) I. 298 Whether our set clothes..be rowed and shorne: because ofttimes they goe vndrest. 1604 (Bundle 126, No. 1) Ad eskurand. et tondend. (Anglicè, to thick and to rowe) apud molendinum suum. 1624 Will in J. Strype (1720) I. ii. vii. 130/1 My twelve Cloth-workers, that usually row and sheere my Clothes. 1775 J. Whitaker II. 320 To row cloth is to raise the nap of it with a sharp instrument. 1887 J. Bonwick iv. i. 348 Henry VII. arrested the export of cloth above 40s. till it was barbed, rowed, and shorn. 1969 A. Plummer & R. E. Early i. 5 The shrinking made the ‘web’ close and firm and prepared it for the subsequent process called rowing or raising a nap on the surface of the cloth. 1982 C. Aspin 31 (caption) At the back of the room a workman is ‘rowing’ cloth with a teasel bat to raise the nap. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2011; most recently modified version published online March 2022). rowv.6 Origin: Apparently formed within English, by conversion. Etymon: row n.5 Etymology: Apparently < row n.5 Compare earlier rough v.2 2. slang and colloquial. †1. the world > action or operation > harm or detriment > hostile action or attack > make an attack upon [verb (transitive)] > roughly 1789 14 Nov. 10 We..looked into every coach, rowed the waggons, examined both the boxes, the roofs, and the baskets. 1790 No. 55. 11 ‘Let's row him, Racket,’ exclaimed a third; upon which they unanimously turned their horses against me. 1803 (at cited word) To row a room; to break the furniture. 1825 C. M. Westmacott I. 158 Rowing a fellow—going with a party in the dead of night to a man's room, nailing or screwing his oak up [etc.]. 1863 E. Hitchcock 335 The smart stories told by collegians about ‘rowing Freshmen’. the world > physical sensation > sleeping and waking > state of being awake > wake or rouse [verb (transitive)] > other ways of rousing 1789 21 Feb. 11 Racket rowed me up at seven o'clock—sleepy and queer but forced to get up to make breakfast for him. society > society and the community > dissent > lack of peacefulness > cause a disturbance [verb (intransitive)] society > society and the community > dissent > quarrel or quarrelling > quarrel [verb (intransitive)] > in noisy or angry manner the world > physical sensation > hearing and noise > degree, kind, or quality of sound > loudness > confused sound > [verb (intransitive)] > uproar or tumult society > leisure > social event > a merrymaking or convivial occasion > merrymaking or conviviality > make merry [verb (intransitive)] > noisy or riotous > indulge in rag 1797 L. Gurney in A. J. C. Hare (1895) I. 66 After scolding, rowing, bickering,..we all agreed to go. 1828 E. Bulwer-Lytton II. xii. 105 We rowed, swore, slanged with a Christian meekness and forbearance. 1868 31 July 5/6 The noisy, ill-bred herd of greedy Germans that stormed, rowed,..and upset benches. 1882 B. Harte 59 You forget how you used to row..because tramps..came to the ranch. 1890 T. A. Janvier xvi. 195 Some of these Indians are friendly, and we don't want to start a row with them if they are willing not to row with us. 1914 S. Lewis xvii. 227 Why, Mouse! I thought you'd be glad to see me. I've never rowed with you, have I? 1970 G. F. Newman viii. 209 He couldn't remember rowing. Rows were usually loud demonstrative things. 1978 R. Rendell viii. 73 We row, of course we do, that's healthy in a marriage, but we love each other. 2003 C. Birch ix. 119 Violet in tears,..it was her own wedding after all, and she hated them to be rowing over her. 3. the mind > attention and judgement > contempt > disapproval > rebuke or reproof > rebuke or reprove [verb (transitive)] > severely the mind > attention and judgement > contempt > disapproval > rebuke or reproof > rebuke or reprove [verb (intransitive)] > scold the mind > attention and judgement > contempt > disapproval > rebuke or reproof > rebuke or reprove [verb (transitive)] > drive away by scolding a1798 J. Palmer (1811) I. xv. 212 Helen will row you well..if you are not as good as your word. 1843 J. Paget vi. 150 I have succeeded I trust in reproof—rowing in good earnest, till a culprit even wept. 1856 C. M. Yonge i. xix. 185 I suppose you think I have no right to row you, but I do it to save you from worse. 1863 W. E. Gladstone in J. Morley (1903) II. v. vi. 104 She rowed me for writing to Lord Palmerston about her accident. 1876 G. R. Le Hunte Let. 5 July in A. H. G. Stanmore 59 I rowed him up, and gave him four hours' sentry-go, for six nights, to impress it on his mind. 1908 June 143/1 Most fathers would have rowed me out of the house. 1976 31 July 6/4 You get these weird, insecure feelings that they might be trying to row you out. 2000 11 Dec. 43/6 Sprewell..had rowed his teammates for not getting upset after they lost a home game against Miami. the mind > attention and judgement > contempt > disapproval > criticism > criticize [verb (transitive)] > severely 1826 R. H. Froude Let. in (1838) I. 197 I..will try my best to set to rights the places you row. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2011; most recently modified version published online March 2022). † rowv.7Origin: Apparently formed within English, by conversion. Etymon: row n.4 Etymology: Apparently < row n.4 Earlier currency is probably implied by rowing n.3 Compare slightly earlier rove v.4 Scottish. Obsolete. rare. the world > textiles and clothing > textiles > textile manufacture > treating or processing textile materials > [verb (transitive)] > draw out or twist 1794 Tarry Woo in J. Ritson I. xl. 283 Tar-ry woo is ill to spin,..When 'tis card-ed, row'd, and spun Then the work is haflens done. 1825 J. Jamieson Suppl. Row, to roll wool or cotton for spinning. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2011; most recently modified version published online March 2019). † rowadv.Origin: Formed within English, by conversion. Etymon: row adj. Etymology: < row adj. Compare later rough adv. Obsolete. the mind > emotion > anger > furious anger > [adverb] the world > action or operation > behaviour > bad behaviour > violent behaviour > [adverb] > roughly or violently c1325 (c1300) (Calig.) 590 (MED) King lotrin..dude al is wille, vor he lokede so rowe. a1413 (c1385) G. Chaucer (Pierpont Morgan) (1881) i. l. 206 At which þe god of loue gan to loken rowe [?a1425 Harl. 3943 row] Right for despit, and shop for to ben wroken. a1450 (?a1300) (Caius) (1810) l. 4661 Kyng Richard took it to greef; And on hym gan to looke rowe. a1500 (?c1450) 168 (MED) He was grete and longe and blakke and rowe rympled. ?1518 sig. B.i.v He loked perysshe and also rowe A man wolde take hym for a shrewe I trowe. 1598 Chaucers Dreame in T. Speght f. 358/1 His heavy brow He shewed the Queene, and looked row. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2011; most recently modified version published online December 2021). > as lemmasROW 1949 18 Feb. 7/3 Said Section intersects the West R.O.W. line of the State Hy. 2004 (Nexis) 28 May 2 I ride a road legal motorbike on the small number of rights of way (ROW) that allow vehicles. < |
