scirrhusn.

Brit.

/ˈsɪrəs/,

/ˈskɪrəs/, U.S.

/ˈskɪrəs/,

/ˈsɪrəs/

Inflections: Plural scirrhi, scirrhuses, scirrhusses.

Forms: 1500s scirrhos, 1500s–1800s schirrus, 1500s– scirrhus, 1600s schirrhus, 1600s schirrous, 1600s scirrus, 1600s scyrrhus, 1600s 1800s skyrrhus.

Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymon: Latin scirros.

Etymology: < classical Latin scirros hard tumour (Pliny) < ancient Greek σκίρρος , variant of σκῖρος hardened swelling or tumour (Hippocrates), also hard land overgrown with bushes, of unknown origin. Compare earlier scirrhous adj. Compare also later scirrhe n. and forms from Romance languages cited at that entry.The following may perhaps show an earlier instance of this word:a1475 in J. Norri Names of Sicknesses in Eng. 1400–1550 (1992) 199 Whet ye wel that stiracis [perh. read scirucis] is an harde enpostume as a stone glewed togedre..þer nys none ache ne freting.

a. Medicine. Originally: a hard tumour or swelling; an abnormally hard area of tissue, esp. in a glandular organ. In later use: spec. a cancer with a hard texture resulting from the presence of dense fibrous connective tissue in the stroma. Now rare.

ΘΚΠ

the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > growth or excrescence > [noun] > tumour > hard tumour

sclerosis1398

scirrhus1565

scirrhe?a1591

scirrhoma1601

nodea1610

scleriasis1684

sclerocele1811

scleroma1857

the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > growth or excrescence > [noun] > tumour > malignant tumours

cancer1527

carcinoma1583

crab1614

scirrhus1759

sarcoma1804

malignant melanoma1838

melanocarcinoma1857

adenosarcoma1871

adenocarcinoma1872

angiosarcoma1873

lymphosarcoma1874

mycosis fungoides1874

melanosarcoma1875

osteosarcoma1876

chondrosarcoma1883

psammosarcoma1886

trophoblast1889

liposarcoma1893

multiple myeloma1897

sarcoid1899

leiomyosarcoma1914

spongioblastoma1918

osteogenic sarcoma1923

sympathicoblastoma1927

reticulosarcoma1928

carcinoma in situ1932

malignancy1934

teratocarcinoma1946

sympathoblastoma1960

sympathogonioma1966

sympathicogonioma1974

the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > diseases of tissue > [noun] > cancer > types of

soft cancer1804

soot-wart?1810

melanosis1826

mastoid cancer1846

skin cancer1847

cancroid1854

epithelioma1872

soot-cancer1878

scirrhus1881

chimney-sweep's cancer1888

peau d'orange1896

pigskin1898

medullary carcinoma1926

1565 J. Hall Expositiue Table 115 in tr. Lanfranc Most Excellent Woorke Chirurg. The pure Scirrhus, made of melancholy, maye in mixtures receyue any of the other three humores.

1615 H. Crooke Μικροκοσμογραϕια 460 In this place sayth Bauhine..I found a scirrhus or hard tumor.

1660 Bp. J. Taylor Worthy Communicant ii. §3. 140 The Priest..thrusts his hand into the region of the lower belly, and looks if there be an ulcer, or a scirrhus.

1759 Monthly Rev. Dec. 515 Mr. Guy sets out with an enquiry into the nature and cause of Scirrhuses..and delineates their dreadful and alarming appearances.

1793 J. Pearson Pract. Observ. Cancerous Complaints 5 I have never yet met with an unequivocal proof of a primary Scirrhus in an absorbent gland.

1802 W. Heberden, Jr. tr. W. Heberden Comm. Hist. & Cure Dis. iii. 13 The abdomen has been observed to swell from various other causes besides the more common ones of a dropsy either in the belly or ovaries, of pregnancy, or scirrhi of some of the viscera.

1881 A. Flint Treat. Princ. Med. (ed. 5) 46 A scirrhus is a hard cancer in which the fibrous stroma predominates.

1936 Lancet 16 May 1104/1 A small pyloric scirrhus may be seen with extensive metastases.

1992 A. Gauld Hist. Hypnotism (1995) iii. 55 So swollen and hard, and so excessively sensitive to touch, was her abdomen that he concluded scirrhi were present.

b. figurative and in figurative contexts. Something likened to a hard swelling or tumour. Now rare.

ΚΠ

1647 T. Fuller Cause Wounded Conscience iv. 22 And when that Callum, Schirrus or Incrustation drawn over it by nature..is once fleyed off, the Conscience becomes so pliant and supple, that the least imaginable touch is painfull unto it.

1809 Monthly Mag. Nov. 428/1 For a mutilation or schirrus of the intellectual faculties, we hear of no effectual, or even pretended prescription.

1912 H. Church Poems 132 The hot scirrhus of a jaded heart..is here, And doth corrupt the pleasant-scheming life.

2. Medicine. Originally: †the condition of having a scirrhus (obsolete); †an instance or case of this (obsolete). In later use: disease causing or characterized by fibrosis; spec. cancer of the scirrhous type. Now rare and chiefly historical.

ΘΚΠ

the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > diseases of tissue > [noun] > cancer

cankereOE

cancer1527

carcinoma1583

carcinomatosis1872

big C1959

scirrhus2003

1578 H. Lyte tr. R. Dodoens Niewe Herball ii. iii. 151 It [sc. the Wall floure] cureth the Scirrhos, or hard impostems of the Mother.

1592 N. Gyer Eng. Phlebotomy xxvii. 279 With scarifying it is vsed, in inflamed members, stuffed or vexed with paine, in the disease called Scirrhus, which is a hardnes growing in the flesh within the skinne.

1605 T. Tymme tr. J. Du Chesne Pract. Chymicall & Hermeticall Physicke iii. 161 Of the congelations of these salts comes goutes stones, scirrhus, hardnesse, and divers kinds of obstructions.

1651 N. Biggs Matæotechnia Medicinæ Praxeωs §155 The dysentery, Colick or nephritick Convulsions, schirrhus, &c.

1718 J. Quincy Pharmacopœia Officinalis ii. iv. 121 It somewhat inclines by Urine, and is reckon'd good in Schirri.

1732 J. Arbuthnot Pract. Rules of Diet iii. 323 Many chronical Distempers, as Jaundice, Dropsy, Schirrus's, and Scurvies.

1813 J. Thomson Lect. Inflammation 126 To regard schirrus as one of the usual effects of ordinary inflammation.

1849 E. Sieveking tr. C. Rokitansky Man. Pathol. Anat. II. 136 Granular liver..is termed by Laennec cirrhosis; older authors have considered it identical with or related to scirrhus.

1872 E. R. Peaslee Ovarian Tumors 20 I also think a single ovary to be more frequently affected by scirrhus than both.

1921 L. D. Bulkley Cancer & its Non-surg. Treatm. iv. 69 In scirrhus, the stroma may greatly preponderate over the parenchyma.

2003 Observer Mag. 9 Nov. 70/1 The word ‘cancer’ was replaced with the more ancient term ‘scirrhus’ [in old death certificates], but it meant the same thing.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2014; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

单词	scirrhus
释义	scirrhusn. Brit. /ˈsɪrəs/, /ˈskɪrəs/, U.S. /ˈskɪrəs/, /ˈsɪrəs/ Inflections: Plural scirrhi, scirrhuses, scirrhusses. Forms: 1500s scirrhos, 1500s–1800s schirrus, 1500s– scirrhus, 1600s schirrhus, 1600s schirrous, 1600s scirrus, 1600s scyrrhus, 1600s 1800s skyrrhus. Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymon: Latin scirros. Etymology: < classical Latin scirros hard tumour (Pliny) < ancient Greek σκίρρος , variant of σκῖρος hardened swelling or tumour (Hippocrates), also hard land overgrown with bushes, of unknown origin. Compare earlier scirrhous adj. Compare also later scirrhe n. and forms from Romance languages cited at that entry.The following may perhaps show an earlier instance of this word:a1475 in J. Norri Names of Sicknesses in Eng. 1400–1550 (1992) 199 Whet ye wel that stiracis [perh. read scirucis] is an harde enpostume as a stone glewed togedre..þer nys none ache ne freting. 1. a. Medicine. Originally: a hard tumour or swelling; an abnormally hard area of tissue, esp. in a glandular organ. In later use: spec. a cancer with a hard texture resulting from the presence of dense fibrous connective tissue in the stroma. Now rare. ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > growth or excrescence > [noun] > tumour > hard tumour sclerosis1398 scirrhus1565 scirrhe?a1591 scirrhoma1601 nodea1610 scleriasis1684 sclerocele1811 scleroma1857 the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > growth or excrescence > [noun] > tumour > malignant tumours cancer1527 carcinoma1583 crab1614 scirrhus1759 sarcoma1804 malignant melanoma1838 melanocarcinoma1857 adenosarcoma1871 adenocarcinoma1872 angiosarcoma1873 lymphosarcoma1874 mycosis fungoides1874 melanosarcoma1875 osteosarcoma1876 chondrosarcoma1883 psammosarcoma1886 trophoblast1889 liposarcoma1893 multiple myeloma1897 sarcoid1899 leiomyosarcoma1914 spongioblastoma1918 osteogenic sarcoma1923 sympathicoblastoma1927 reticulosarcoma1928 carcinoma in situ1932 malignancy1934 teratocarcinoma1946 sympathoblastoma1960 sympathogonioma1966 sympathicogonioma1974 the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > diseases of tissue > [noun] > cancer > types of soft cancer1804 soot-wart?1810 melanosis1826 mastoid cancer1846 skin cancer1847 cancroid1854 epithelioma1872 soot-cancer1878 scirrhus1881 chimney-sweep's cancer1888 peau d'orange1896 pigskin1898 medullary carcinoma1926 1565 J. Hall Expositiue Table 115 in tr. Lanfranc Most Excellent Woorke Chirurg. The pure Scirrhus, made of melancholy, maye in mixtures receyue any of the other three humores. 1615 H. Crooke Μικροκοσμογραϕια 460 In this place sayth Bauhine..I found a scirrhus or hard tumor. 1660 Bp. J. Taylor Worthy Communicant ii. §3. 140 The Priest..thrusts his hand into the region of the lower belly, and looks if there be an ulcer, or a scirrhus. 1759 Monthly Rev. Dec. 515 Mr. Guy sets out with an enquiry into the nature and cause of Scirrhuses..and delineates their dreadful and alarming appearances. 1793 J. Pearson Pract. Observ. Cancerous Complaints 5 I have never yet met with an unequivocal proof of a primary Scirrhus in an absorbent gland. 1802 W. Heberden, Jr. tr. W. Heberden Comm. Hist. & Cure Dis. iii. 13 The abdomen has been observed to swell from various other causes besides the more common ones of a dropsy either in the belly or ovaries, of pregnancy, or scirrhi of some of the viscera. 1881 A. Flint Treat. Princ. Med. (ed. 5) 46 A scirrhus is a hard cancer in which the fibrous stroma predominates. 1936 Lancet 16 May 1104/1 A small pyloric scirrhus may be seen with extensive metastases. 1992 A. Gauld Hist. Hypnotism (1995) iii. 55 So swollen and hard, and so excessively sensitive to touch, was her abdomen that he concluded scirrhi were present. b. figurative and in figurative contexts. Something likened to a hard swelling or tumour. Now rare. ΚΠ 1647 T. Fuller Cause Wounded Conscience iv. 22 And when that Callum, Schirrus or Incrustation drawn over it by nature..is once fleyed off, the Conscience becomes so pliant and supple, that the least imaginable touch is painfull unto it. 1809 Monthly Mag. Nov. 428/1 For a mutilation or schirrus of the intellectual faculties, we hear of no effectual, or even pretended prescription. 1912 H. Church Poems 132 The hot scirrhus of a jaded heart..is here, And doth corrupt the pleasant-scheming life. 2. Medicine. Originally: †the condition of having a scirrhus (obsolete); †an instance or case of this (obsolete). In later use: disease causing or characterized by fibrosis; spec. cancer of the scirrhous type. Now rare and chiefly historical. ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > diseases of tissue > [noun] > cancer cankereOE cancer1527 carcinoma1583 carcinomatosis1872 big C1959 scirrhus2003 1578 H. Lyte tr. R. Dodoens Niewe Herball ii. iii. 151 It [sc. the Wall floure] cureth the Scirrhos, or hard impostems of the Mother. 1592 N. Gyer Eng. Phlebotomy xxvii. 279 With scarifying it is vsed, in inflamed members, stuffed or vexed with paine, in the disease called Scirrhus, which is a hardnes growing in the flesh within the skinne. 1605 T. Tymme tr. J. Du Chesne Pract. Chymicall & Hermeticall Physicke iii. 161 Of the congelations of these salts comes goutes stones, scirrhus, hardnesse, and divers kinds of obstructions. 1651 N. Biggs Matæotechnia Medicinæ Praxeωs §155 The dysentery, Colick or nephritick Convulsions, schirrhus, &c. 1718 J. Quincy Pharmacopœia Officinalis ii. iv. 121 It somewhat inclines by Urine, and is reckon'd good in Schirri. 1732 J. Arbuthnot Pract. Rules of Diet iii. 323 Many chronical Distempers, as Jaundice, Dropsy, Schirrus's, and Scurvies. 1813 J. Thomson Lect. Inflammation 126 To regard schirrus as one of the usual effects of ordinary inflammation. 1849 E. Sieveking tr. C. Rokitansky Man. Pathol. Anat. II. 136 Granular liver..is termed by Laennec cirrhosis; older authors have considered it identical with or related to scirrhus. 1872 E. R. Peaslee Ovarian Tumors 20 I also think a single ovary to be more frequently affected by scirrhus than both. 1921 L. D. Bulkley Cancer & its Non-surg. Treatm. iv. 69 In scirrhus, the stroma may greatly preponderate over the parenchyma. 2003 Observer Mag. 9 Nov. 70/1 The word ‘cancer’ was replaced with the more ancient term ‘scirrhus’ [in old death certificates], but it meant the same thing. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2014; most recently modified version published online June 2022). < n.1565
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