单词 | segment |
释义 | segmentn. 1. A piece cut or broken off; a fragment. rare. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > wholeness > incompleteness > part of whole > [noun] > a separate part > a fragment shreddingc950 brucheOE shredc1000 brokec1160 truncheonc1330 scartha1340 screedc1350 bruisinga1382 morsel1381 shedc1400 stumpc1400 rag?a1425 brokalyc1440 brokeling1490 mammocka1529 brokelette1538 sheavec1558 shard1561 fragment1583 segment1586 brack1587 parcel1596 flaw1607 fraction1609 fracture1641 pash1651 frustillation1653 hoof1655 arrachement1656 jaga1658 shattering1658 discerption1685 scar1698 twitter1715 frust1765 smithereens1841 chitling1843 1586 J. Ferne Blazon of Gentrie ii. 98 Antichrist..deuiseth by councels and synods hat all signes, images, seagments or reliques of holy men..should be adored. c1620 A. Hume Of Orthogr. Britan Tongue (1870) ii. v. §7 This s sum haldes to be a segment of his, and therfoer now almost al wrytes his for it, as if it wer a corruption. 1691 J. Ray Wisdom of God 35 The Segments and Cuttings of some Plants. 1832 E. Bulwer-Lytton Eugene Aram I. i. i. 7 He also quarrelled with him the oftenest, and testified the least forbearance at the publican's segments of psalmody. 1837 T. Carlyle French Revol. I. vii. xi. 401 The truest segment of Chaos seen in these latter Ages. 2. a. Geometry. A plane figure contained by a right line and a portion of the circumference of a circle. In full segment of a circle. Also, see quot. 1728.In quot. a1631 loosely used for arc. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > number > geometry > shape or figure > [noun] > two-dimensional > figure forming part of circle nook cantle1551 quadrate1551 quadrant1559 section1570 sector1570 segment1570 sextant1628 half-round1718 octant1753 1570 H. Billingsley tr. Euclid Elements Geom. iii. f. 81v A section or segment of a circle, is a figure comprehended vnder a right line and a portion of the circumference of a circle. a1631 J. Donne Serm. (1954) VII. 244 The earth it selfe being round, every step wee make upon it, must necessarily bee a segment, an arch of a circle. 1728 E. Chambers Cycl. (at cited word) Segment is also applied by Extension, to Ellipses and other Curvilinear Figures. 1806 C. Hutton Course Math. (ed. 5) I. 42 To find the Area of any Elliptic Segment. Find the area of a corresponding circular segment. b. segment of a sphere: a solid figure bounded by a portion of the surface of a sphere and an intersecting plane. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > number > geometry > shape or figure > [noun] > three-dimensional > formed by cutting solid segment of a sphere1570 sector of a sphere1656 frustum1658 truncated cone or pyramid1704 frustulum1785 wedge1883 1570 J. Dee in H. Billingsley tr. Euclid Elements Geom. xii. sig. 376 Of segmentes, some are greater then the halfe sphere, some are lesse. 1704 J. Harris Lexicon Technicum I Segment of a Sphere, is a part of it cut off by a Plane;..therefore the Base of such a Segment must always be a Circle, and its Superficies a part of the Surface of the Sphere. c. A segmental portion of anything having a circular or spherical form. ΘΚΠ the world > space > shape > other specific shapes > [noun] > sector- or segment-shaped object segment1646 sector1715 sector-piece1715 the world > relative properties > wholeness > incompleteness > part of whole > [noun] > one of the parts into which anything is divided > of anything circular or spherical cantle1551 segment1646 1646 Sir T. Browne Pseudodoxia Epidemica vii. iv. 346 Even unto..such as live under the pole, for halfe a yeare some segments [of a rainbow] may appeare at any time under any quarter. View more context for this quotation 1700 J. Dryden tr. Ovid Ceyx & Alcyone in Fables 371 Indu'd with Robes of various Hew she flies, And flying draws an Arch, (a segment of the Skies). 1837 D. Brewster Treat. Magnetism 326 A frame..contains the segment of a glass cylinder. d. Heraldry. A bearing representing a portion of a circular object. ΘΚΠ society > communication > indication > insignia > heraldic devices collective > other heraldic representations > [noun] > portion of circular object segment1828 1828–40 W. Berry Encycl. Her. I. Segment, one side only of a coronet, &c. 3. a. Geometry. The finite part of a line between two points; a division of a line. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > number > geometry > line > [noun] > segment of segment1617 intersegment1690 intercept1864 1617 Speidell Geom. Extract. 24 Let BA be the greater segement giuen, and the whole line is required. 1885 C. Leudesdorf tr. L. Cremona Elements Projective Geom. 53 Let us examine the relation which exists between the lengths of two corresponding segments AB, A′B′ [of two straight lines]. b. Acoustics. Each of the portions into which the length of a vibrating string, wire, etc. is divided by the nodes. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > physics > science of sound > vibration > [noun] > vibrating part ventral segmenta1830 segment1863 1863 E. Atkinson tr. A. Ganot Elem. Treat. Physics 160 The part vibrating between two nodal points is called a ventral segment. 1872 J. D. Everett Deschanel's Elem. Treat. Nat. Philos. IV. lv. 832 The division into segments is often distinctly visible when the string of the sonometer is strongly bowed. 1879 G. B. Prescott Speaking Telephone (new ed.) 95 There will be two equal vibrating segments and a point of rest or node at the centre. 4. a. Each of the parts into which a thing is or may be divided; a division, section. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > wholeness > incompleteness > part of whole > [noun] > one of the parts into which anything is divided dealinga1300 divisionc1374 partc1392 spacec1392 long divisionc1400 severingc1400 skyvaldc1400 foddinga1425 panelc1450 partition1561 roomstead1600 canton1601 separation1604 share1643 scissurea1667 cutting1726 departmenta1735 segment1762 compartment1793 distribution1829 segregation1859 dept.1869 section1875 tmema1891 1762 R. Lowth Short Introd. Eng. Gram. 157 A sentence or Member is again subdivided into Commas, or Segments. 1847 G. H. Lewes Hist. Philos. (1867) I. 236 By the second segment of the intellectual world understand me to mean all [etc.]. 1847 L. Hunt Men, Women, & Bks. I. ii. 22 Being unable to divide the orange into its segments, he ventures upon a great liquid bite. 1886 J. Ruskin Præterita I. x. 307 I must..cease talk of pictorial and rhythmic efforts..and go back to give account of another segment of my learning. b. Cultural Anthropology. An autonomous sub-branch of a lineage group which remains within the larger tribal or clan structure. ΚΠ 1940 M. Fortes in Fortes & Evans-Pritchard Afr. Polit. Systems 243 A maximal lineage has an hierarchical structure. It consists of two or more major segments, each of a lesser span than the (inclusive) maximal lineage... Each major segment comprises lesser segments constituted on the same principle. 1950 M. Gluckman in A. R. Radcliffe-Brown Afr. Syst. Kinship & Marriage 169 The lineages within the clan are usually residential units. Their segments are cores of villages. 1977 Hunter & Whitten Stud. Cultural Anthrop. xviii. 397/1 A hierarchical type of authority structure that rests on levels of increasingly inclusive tribal segments. c. Linguistics. A unit forming part of a continuum of speech or (less commonly) text; an isolable unit in a phonological or syntactic system. ΚΠ 1943 K. L. Pike Phonetics vii. 107 A segment is a sound (or lack of sound) having indefinite borders but with a center that is produced by a crest or trough of stricture during the even motion or pressure of an initiator. 1946 B. Bloch in Language XXII. 237 A segment is a word or a sequence of words that does not occur alone as a pause-group in a major sentence. 1953 C. E. Bazell Ling. Form 7 Morphemic segments may frequently be classed together under one morpheme in the American sense, and considered from this standpoint are regarded as allomorphs. 1960 E. Sivertsen Cockney Phonol. iv. 122 /ð/ may be manifested, not as a separate segment, but in the dental quality of a preceding apical segment whose phonemic norm is otherwise alveolar. 1964 E. Palmer tr. A. Martinet Elements Gen. Linguistics i. 26 The word puerum, adequately characterized by the segment -um as the object of the verb. 1972 W. Labov Lang. in Inner City iii. 99 As a rule the ordering of variable constraints within a segment is more regular than ordering across segments. d. Computing. (See quot. 1954.) ΚΠ 1954 Computers & Automation May 18/2 Segment, a part of a complete specific routine, which can be entirely stored in the internal storage and contains the coding necessary to automatically call in and transfer control to other segments. 1963 Communications ACM 6 391/2 Segments of a program could not be treated as independent entities. In general, a symbol name, if used in one segment, could not be used in another segment with a different meaning. 1969 P. B. Jordain Condensed Computer Encycl. 367 When a program and its data are too large for the computer, the program must be divided into segments and so constructed that only the active segments (or overlays) need be in core. 1977 Hughes & Michtom Structured Approach to Programming v. 107 A segment is both a logical and physical subdivision of a module. Logically, it is a subfunction of the module's function. Physically, it is limited to the number of source-code lines that will fit on one printer page of source output (50 to 60 lines). 5. Botany. Each of the portions into which a leaf or other plant-organ is divided by long clefts or incisions. ΘΚΠ the world > plants > part of plant > part defined by form or function > [noun] > lobe or division clefta1398 fissure1656 lacinia1668 segment1713 lobe1731 earlet1787 1713 P. Blair Let. 1 Aug. in Misc. Observ. (1718) 104 Flowers..divided into five Segments. 1723 P. Blair Pharmaco-botanologia i. 18 The Bottom Leaves generally consist of five Pair of Segments. 1796 W. Withering Arrangem. Brit. Plants (ed. 3) I. 80 Segment (lacinium), the small parts of a leaf, cup, or petal, included between the incisions. ?1877 F. E. Hulme Familiar Wild Flowers I. Summary p. vi Borage... Calyx of five segments, very deeply cleft. 1880 A. Gray Struct. Bot. iii. §4. 98 When a leaf is divided or parted and these primary lobes again lobed or cleft, the lobes of first order are called Segments (sometimes divisions or partitions), and the parts of these, Lobes. 6. Biology and Embryology. a. Each of the longitudinal divisions composing the body in some animals, esp. in the Articulata; a somite, metamere. ΘΚΠ the world > animals > animal body > general parts > [noun] > regions comprising segments > segment articulation1765 segment1826 zoonite1838 somatome1856 somite1869 metamere1876 metamer1884 the world > life > biology > biological processes > procreation or reproduction > embryo or fetus > embryo parts > [noun] > regions segment1826 lateral plate1859 protovertebra1869 mesomere1902 organizator1924 organizer1925 field1927 organization centre1928 inductor1929 1826 W. Kirby & W. Spence Introd. Entomol. IV. 297 Segment (Segmentum). The great inosculating joints of the body. 1828 J. Stark Elements Nat. Hist. II. 127 Articulata. The third great division of the Animal Kingdom consists of animals which have their body or members composed of segments or articulated rings. 1872 H. A. Nicholson Man. Palæontol. xiv. 143 The body [in Arthropods] is composed of a series of segments or ‘somites’, arranged along a longitudinal axis. b. A cell formed by segmentation. ΘΚΠ the world > plants > part of plant > cell or aggregate tissue > [noun] > cell > types of > other types bast cell1842 basal cell1846 pollen cell1857 companion cell1859 segment1862 pollen mother cell?1870 sextant1875 transfusion cell1875 idioblast1882 trichoblast1882 symplast1894 megasporocyte1924 oat cell1940 heterokaryon1945 1862 C. Darwin On Var. Contrivances Orchids Fertilised v. 207 The three proper ovule-bearing cords or segments. 1882 S. H. Vines tr. J. von Sachs Text-bk. Bot. (ed. 2) 139 The other daughter-cell..appears..like a piece cut off from the back or side of the apical cell,..and is hence called the Segment. 7. Anatomy. a. Each complete series of bones forming a vertebra of the spinal column; also, each of the three annular divisions of the cranium proper. ΘΚΠ the world > life > the body > structural parts > bone or bones > spine > [noun] > vertebra of spondylec1400 whirl-bonec1400 vertebre1578 rowel1586 rack1615 rack-bone1615 vertebra1615 verticle1658 segment1846 1846 R. Owen Lect. Compar. Anat. Vertebr. Animals iii. 42 I define a vertebra, as one of those segments of the endo-skeleton which constitute the axis of the body [etc.]. 1880 A. Günther Introd. Study of Fishes iv. 64 There is no trace of vertebral segments or ribs. b. A division of the spinal cord and nerves. ΘΚΠ the world > life > the body > nervous system > cerebrospinal axis > spinal cord > [noun] > parts of segment1870 ciliospinal centre1881 myelocoele1885 ground-bundle1893 myelocele1896 1870 H. Spencer Princ. Psychol. (ed. 2) I. i. ii. 16 We find the nervous system formed of a series of centres, each sending fibres to the different organs of its own segment. 1899 T. C. Allbutt et al. Syst. Med. VIII. 623 Zoster on the face tends to follow the distribution of the three main peripheral branches of the ganglion rather than to be distributed over the supply of ‘root areas’ or segments’. 8. = segment-arch n. at Compounds 3a (or segmental adj.). ΘΚΠ society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > architecture > arch > [noun] > other types of arch bowOE craba1387 cove1511 triumphal arch (arc)a1566 straight arch1663 pointed arch1688 rough arch1693 jack-arch1700 oxi1700 raking arch1711 flat arch1715 scheme-arch1725 counter-arch1726 ox-eye arch1736 surbased dome1763 ogee1800 rising arch1809 sub-arch1811 deaf arch1815 four-centred arch1815 mixed arch1815 Tudor arch1815 camber1823 lancet arch1823 invert1827 platband1828 pier arch1835 ogive1841 scoinson arch1842 segment1845 skew arch1845 drop-arch1848 equilateral arch1848 lancet1848 rear arch1848 straining-arch1848 tierceron1851 shouldered arch1853 archlet1862 segment-arch1887 1845 J. H. Parker Gloss. Terms Archit. (ed. 4) I. 28 The only forms used by the ancients were the semicircle.., the segment.., and ellipse.., all of which continued prevalent till the pointed arch appeared. a1878 G. G. Scott Lect. Mediæval Archit. (1879) I. 146 The pointed arch had obtained universal predominance, though without involving the rejection of the semicircular or the plain segment. CompoundsGeneral attributive. C1. Simple attributive. segment-boundary n. (sense 6.) ΚΠ 1893 J. Tuckey tr. B. Hatschek Amphioxus 119 Thereby is introduced the later characteristic curvature of the segment boundaries [of the mesoblastic somite]. segment-leaf n. (sense 5.) ΚΠ 1731 P. Miller Gardeners Dict. I Segment-leaves, are Leaves of Plants divided or cut into many Shreds. C2. segment-shell n. (see quot. 1862). ΘΚΠ society > armed hostility > military equipment > weapon > missile > ammunition for firearms > [noun] > bullet or shell > shell > other types of shell carcass1684 light ball1729 anchor ball1779 shrapnel1810 hollow shot1862 segment-shell1862 blind-shell1864 ring-shot1868 star shell1876 ring-shell1879 pipsqueak1900 Black Maria1914 coal box1914 crump1914 Jack Johnson1914 Archie1915 Little Willie1915 whizz-bang1915 woolly bear1915 fizzbang1916 five-ninea1918 ashcan1918 cream puff1918 sea-bag1918 pudding1919 G.I. can1929 flechette1961 1862 F. A. Griffiths Artillerist's Man. (ed. 9) 192 The Segment Shell consists of thin cast iron cylinders, enclosing a series of segments of the same metal, cast separately, and built upon an iron disc. C3. In many combinations with the meaning segmental adj. (sense 1), esp. in the names of mechanical appliances, parts of machinery, etc., indicating the shape of the essential or working part. a. In the names of mechanical appliances, parts of machinery, etc., indicating the shape of the essential or working part. segment-arch n. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > architecture > arch > [noun] > other types of arch bowOE craba1387 cove1511 triumphal arch (arc)a1566 straight arch1663 pointed arch1688 rough arch1693 jack-arch1700 oxi1700 raking arch1711 flat arch1715 scheme-arch1725 counter-arch1726 ox-eye arch1736 surbased dome1763 ogee1800 rising arch1809 sub-arch1811 deaf arch1815 four-centred arch1815 mixed arch1815 Tudor arch1815 camber1823 lancet arch1823 invert1827 platband1828 pier arch1835 ogive1841 scoinson arch1842 segment1845 skew arch1845 drop-arch1848 equilateral arch1848 lancet1848 rear arch1848 straining-arch1848 tierceron1851 shouldered arch1853 archlet1862 segment-arch1887 1887 Dict. Archit. (Archit. Publ. Soc.) Segment arch. segment-rack n. ΚΠ 1835 A. Ure Philos. Manuf. 196 The..stretching-roller has its axle mounted in the segment-racks. segment-roof n. ΚΠ 1838 Civil Engineer & Architect's Jrnl. 1 225/2 From these springs a segment roof. segment vault n. ΚΠ 1776 G. Semple Treat. Building in Water 123 Erect a competent Number of Pillars..and thereon turn segment Vaults and Arches. b. (See E. H. Knight Pract. Dict. Mech. 1875 and Suppl. 1884.) segment-gear n. segment-saw n. segment-valve n. segment-wheel n. segment-window n. C4. In Linguistics (see sense 4c above). ΚΠ 1961 F. W. Householder in S. Saporta & J. R. Bastian Psycholinguistics 20/2 Exact boundaries were not as important as some early workers thought; location of segment-centers is in general adequate. 1969 Language 45 303 They would be stated in terms of component-sized entities (hypophonemes), however, not in terms of segment-sized entities (classical phonemes). 1971 Archivum Linguisticum 2 135 The features of articles and the features of suffixes are extracted from this complex and distributed in their proper places by ‘segment transformations’ or ‘segmentalization’. 1978 Language 54 47 Cf. Eng. svelte, sphere etc., whose initial clusters violate the segment-sequence constraints of English. Draft additions 1993 Broadcasting. A division of time within which a discrete item may be broadcast; hence, a separate broadcast item, usually one of a number which make up a programme. Originally U.S. ΘΚΠ society > communication > broadcasting > a broadcast programme or item > [noun] > types of > division of time within segment1946 1946 R. J. Landry This Fascinating Radio Business iv. 79 A radio program..is usually fifteen minutes, thirty minutes or sixty minutes in length although odd-length segments occur now and then. 1947 H. Bettinger Television Techniques ii. 13 There are limitations imposed by the length of time that can be allotted to a given program segment. 1950 H. J. Skornia et al. Creative Broadcasting ii. 8 The radio day is divided into time segments, determined by the audience available, and what the audience is doing. 1962 A. Nisbett Technique Sound Studio 273 A ‘talk’ is a programme or programme segment which consists of one person talking at the microphone. 1976 New Yorker 19 May 133/1 The ‘Today Show’ and ABC's ‘Good Morning America’ also ran segments on Carter. 1982 ‘E. McBain’ Beauty & Beast viii. 127 The television people..probably want to..tape you in Tampa for the eleven o'clock segment there. 1984 N.Y. Times 1 Sept. i. 41/6 ABC, CBS and NBC shared the award for outstanding investigative journalism, for segments of news programs. Draft additions 1993 Marketing. One of a number of sections of a market each of which is distinguished by a different set of requirements. ΘΚΠ society > trade and finance > [noun] > highly specialized trade or market segment1956 niche1963 market space1966 market niche1975 niche market1978 1956 Jrnl. Marketing 21 5/2 Recent introduction of a refrigerator with no storage compartment for frozen foods was in response to the distinguishable preferences of the segment of the refrigerator market made up of home freezer owners whose frozen food storage needs had already been met. 1964 Harvard Business Rev. Mar. 83/1 Sound marketing objectives depend on knowledge of how segments which produce the most customers for a company's brands differ in requirements and susceptibilities from the segments which produce the largest number of customers for competitive brands. 1975 Forbes 15 Feb. 38/3 Arcata is well positioned in the growth segments of the market. 1980 Chem. Week 23 July 29 A downturn in demand for polyvinyl chloride (PVC) plastics, the most dynamic segment of the chlorine market, is a major factor in the slide in chlorine demand. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1911; most recently modified version published online September 2021). segmentv. 1. transitive. To subject to the process of segmentation or division and multiplication of cells; to produce (new cells) by this process. ΘΚΠ the world > life > biology > biological processes > procreation or reproduction > types of reproduction > [verb (transitive)] > by division segment1859 1859 Todd's Cycl. Anat. & Physiol. V. 79/2 The whole yolk is segmented in mammalia. 1877 T. H. Huxley & H. N. Martin Course Elem. Biol. (ed. 4) 50 The new cells which are successively segmented off from the terminal cell. 2. a. intransitive. Of a cell or ovum: To divide or split up and give origin to one or more new cells by the process of segmentation n. ΘΚΠ the world > life > biology > biological processes > procreation or reproduction > types of reproduction > [verb (intransitive)] > by division segment1888 1888 G. Rolleston & W. H. Jackson Forms Animal Life (ed. 2) Introd. 24 In some Rotifera, Crustacea, and Insecta one polar body only is formed, and the ovum then proceeds to segment. b. Cultural Anthropology. Of a lineage group or clan: to divide into smaller autonomous branches within the larger social structure. Cf. segment n. 4b. ΘΚΠ society > society and the community > customs, values, and civilization > [verb (intransitive)] > process canton1611 cantonize1611 segment1940 1940 E. E. Evans-Pritchard in Fortes & Evans-Pritchard Afr. Polit. Systems 284 In the diagram below, A is a clan which is segmented into maximal lineages B and C. 1965 P. C. Lloyd in M. Banton Polit. Systems & Distrib. Power 66 The Ngoni have a lineage structure which continually segments. 1974 L. Mair Afr. Societies x. 127 All lineages segment in the course of generations. 3. transitive. To divide into segments. Cf. segment n. 4c, 4d. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > wholeness > mutual relation of parts to whole > separation > action of dividing or divided condition > divide [verb (transitive)] > into segments segment1872 segmentalize1968 1872 G. M. Humphry Observ. Myology 5 The caudal muscles therefore consist of a ‘dorsal’ and ‘ventral’ muscle on each side,..transversely segmented by the membranous septa and the vertebral processes running into it. 1878 A. H. Green et al. Coal: Hist. & Uses iv. 121 The axis, prefiguring what in most vertebrates becomes segmented and ossified into the centra,..retains [etc.]. 1959 E. M. Grabbe et al. Handbk. Automation, Computation, & Control II. ii. 130 A discussion of an automatic system which faces the problem of segmenting a program, either data or instructions, into pieces is given by this group. 1962 C. O. Frake in Gladwin & Sturtevant Anthrop. & Human Behavior 75 How do we segment the stream of speech into category-designating units? 1969 P. B. Jordain Condensed Computer Encycl. 202 No matter how much central memory is provided for a computer, it will always be possible to write a program too large to fit. The most common way to handle this situation is to segment the program into overlays. 1972 W. Labov Lang. in Inner City ii. 50 Young black children frequently find it difficult to segment I'm into I am. 1977 Hughes & Michtom Structured Approach to Programming vi. 122 A module..is segmented in the same hierarchical fashion that a system or program is developed. Derivatives segˈmenting adj. and n. ΘΚΠ the world > life > biology > biological processes > procreation or reproduction > types of reproduction > [adjective] > by division fissiparous1835 tomiparous1842 scissiparous1845 tetraschistic1885 segmenting1912 plasmotomic1949 1912 J. S. Huxley Individual in Animal Kingdom vi. 149 The blastomeres or separate cells of the segmenting egg. 1959 E. M. Grabbe et al. Handbk. Automation, Computation, & Control II. ii. 130 It is imperative that a programmer be allowed to override any automatic segmenting and allocation system in order to provide increased efficiency. 1977 Hughes & Michtom Structured Approach to Programming vi. 122 Segmenting is best handled at the stepwise refinement stage. Draft additions 1993 Cf. segment n. 4c, Additions, Additions. ΚΠ 1964 Harvard Business Rev. Mar. 83/1 Once you discover the most useful ways of segmenting a market, you have produced the beginnings of a sound market strategy. 1981 Times 18 Aug. 17/5 It segmented the market, dividing beer drinkers into categories and providing a beer and a price for each. 1988 Media Week 2 Sept. 9/1 Dear suggested that it might be possible in future economically to publish titles aimed at local markets segmented not by geography but by interest groups. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1911; most recently modified version published online June 2022). < n.1570v.1859 |
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