† sprotn.¹

Forms:

α. Old English sprott- (inflected form), Old English–1600s sprot, Middle English–1500s sprott, Middle English–1500s sprotte.

β. Old English sprote (plural, perhaps transmission error), Middle English–1600s sprote.

See also sprat n.¹

Origin: A word inherited from Germanic.

Etymology: Cognate with Middle Dutch, Dutch sprot , Middle Low German sprot ( > German Sprotte , †Sprott , early modern Danish sprot , sprut , spryt , sprøt ), denoting various small fishes, perhaps ultimately < the same Germanic base as sprout v.¹Compare post-classical Latin sprottus , sprotus (from 13th cent. in British sources), Anglo-Norman sproz (13th cent.), esproz (plural, 13th cent.), sprottes (plural, 14th cent.), sprot (15th cent.). In Old English usually a strong masculine. The Old English form sprote in quot. OE at β. , if it is not simply a scribal error, may perhaps show the plural of a feminine (ō -stem) by-form sprot ; it is not clear whether the later β. forms share the same origin.

Obsolete.

A sprat (see sprat n.¹ 1). Also occasionally: a smelt. In quot. OE at β. apparently used to translate a post-classical Latin form saliu, of uncertain sense and origin.In quot. 1500 at β. attributive.

ΘΚΠ

the world > animals > fish > class Osteichthyes or Teleostomi > order Salmoniformes (salmon or trout) > [noun] > family Osmeridae(smelts) > osmerus eperlanus (smelt)

smeltc725

sprotOE

sparling1307

spirlingc1425

spurlinga1471

prim1668

spirinchea1682

the world > animals > fish > class Osteichthyes or Teleostomi > subclass Actinopterygii > order Clupeiformes > [noun] > family Clupeidae and herrings > sprattus sprattus (sprat)

sprotOE

sprat1469

spratkin1674

sparling1740

garvie1742

α.

OE Ælfric Lives of Saints (Julius) (1900) II. 298 He to andsware cwæð, þæt hi ealle ne mihton, ne fisceras ne he sylf, gefon ænne sprot.

OE Byrhtferð Enchiridion (Ashm.) (1995) ii. i. 72 Þa myclan hwælas and þa lytlan sprottas and eall fisckynn.

lOE Latin-Old Eng. Gloss. (St. John's Oxf. 17) in A. S. Napier Contributions to Old Eng. Lexicogr. (1906) 14 Silurus, sprot.

1328–9 Memoranda Roll, 2 & 3 Edward III (P.R.O.: E 159/105) m. 125 Piscem qui dicitur sprot.

a1475 in J. O. Halliwell Early Eng. Misc. (1855) 81 (MED) Take platys..and hange hem one a stafe, as thou woldyste hange sprottes, so that no plate towch othere.

a1500 Piers of Fulham (James) in W. C. Hazlitt Remains Early Pop. Poetry Eng. (1866) II. 3 The sely fysche can hym selfe not excusse, when yt ys spyttyd lyke a sprote [c1500 Trin. Cambr. sprotte].

c1503 R. Arnold Chron. f. Ci ^v Rede sprottis..x cades maketh a last.

1535–6 Act 27 Henry VIII c. 3 in Statutes of Realm (1963) III. 532 Fyshermen..use comonly to conducte and convey their [hearyng] sprottys and other fyshe to..Kyngston.

1601 P. Holland tr. Pliny Hist. World II. 434 Sprots salted haue a special propertie to heal the biting of the beetle or venomous fly Prester.

1627 T. Newman in tr. Terence Two Comedies sig. A5 Whither the sprot hath euer bin eaten in Athens, I neither know nor care: I writ in London, and would speake to be vnderstood.

β. OE Ælfric's Colloquy (1991) 28 Murenas, et qualescumque in amne natant. Saliu : lampredan, & swa swylce swa on wætere swymmaþ. Sprote.?c1475 Catholicon Anglicum (BL Add. 15562) f. 119 A Sprote [1483 BL Add. 89074 sprotte], piscis est, epimera.1500 Maldon (Essex) Court Rolls (Bundle 59, No. 2) De custum, j sprotbote, iii. d.1557 W. Turner Ep. in C. Gesner Historiæ Animalium (1558) 1296 Apua quæ a Cantabrigensibus uocatur a Spirlyng, a Londinensibus, dum recens est, a Sprote; et infumata a rede Sprote, aut a dryed Sprote.1610 in J. Harland House & Farm Accts. Shuttleworths (1856) I. 186 A hundreth of sprotes, xj^d.1688 R. Holme Acad. Armory ii. xiv. 329/2 A Smelt, or Sparling, and in some places a Sprote, and being dryed, or smoaked, (which I never saw any of them, as red Herrings are) a red sprote, or dryed sprote.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2019; most recently modified version published online December 2020).

sprotn.²

Brit.

/sprɒt/, U.S.

/sprɑt/, Scottish English

/sprɔt/, Irish English

/sprɑt/

Forms: English regional 1800s sprawt, 1800s sproat, 1800s sprooat, 1800s sprot, 1800s sprote; Scottish pre-1700 1700s– sprot, pre-1700 1800s sprote, 1800s sprott, 1900s sprut; Irish English (northern) 1900s– sprot.

Origin: Probably a variant or alteration of another lexical item. Etymons: spret n., sprat n.³

Etymology: Probably related to spret n. and sprat n.³ See further discussion at spret n.The form sprut may belong instead at spret n. Currency in Old English is perhaps implied by the following isolated attestation of Northumbrian sprott , translating classical Latin arundō (see arundinaceous adj.), although it could alternatively show a form of sprot sprout, twig (neuter; see sprote n.¹):OE (Northumbrian) Liturgical Texts (Durham Ritual) in A. H. Thompson & U. Lindelöf Rituale Ecclesiae Dunelmensis (1927) 86 Tamquam scintillę in harundine cito discurrent : suoelce gloedo in dryge sprott hręðe giiornað.

Scottish, English regional (northern), and Irish English (northern). Now chiefly historical.

Any of various coarse grasses or rushes; esp. jointleaf rush, Juncus articulatus, which is native to Eurasia and North America; occasionally in plural. Also: a stalk or stem of such a plant.

ΘΚΠ

the world > plants > particular plants > plants and herbs > a grass or grasses > reedy or aquatic grasses > [noun] > rush and related plants

rusheOE

sharp rushc1050

seave14..

junk?a1425

candle-rushc1440

rush1562

sea-rush1562

camel's-straw1578

mat-rush1578

sprot1595

frog grass1597

matweed1597

rush grass1597

sprata1600

spart1614

bumble1633

toad-grass1640

moss-rush1670

thresha1689

spreta1700

bog rush1760

black grassa1763

goose-corn1762

toad-rush1776

wood-rush1776

stool-bent1777

scrub-grass1811

beak-rush1830

salt-weed1836

wiwi1840

thread rush1861

three-leaved rush1861

kill-cow1898

1595 A. Duncan Appendix Etymologiae: Index in Latinae Grammaticae Juncus actius, a sprote.

c1600 R. Lindsay Hist. & Cron. Scotl. (1899) I. 336 (note) [The] fluir layd with greine scheirrittis with sprottis medwartis and flouris.

1750 Session Papers in Sc. National Dict. (1971) VXIII. (at cited word) The Tenants pay Six Sheaves of Sprots or Rushes to the Miller of said Mill for thatching the same Mill and Mill-house.

1784 J. Anderson Ess. Agric. (ed. 3) I. i. xxx. 130 Whoever attempts this mode of fencing, should take care to provide themselves with a sufficient quantity of the seed of the plant usually called Sprots, to sow near the edges of the water.

1825 J. Jamieson Etymol. Dict. Sc. Lang. Suppl. Fosset,..a mat of rushes or sprots, laid on a horse.

1853 G. Johnston Terra Lindisfarnensis I. 199 Juncus acutiflorus. Sprat or Sprot.

1883 G. McMichael Way through Ayrshire 78 All east of this is moorland, clad with bent, heath, and sprotts.

1916 G. Abel Wylins fae my Wallet 127 The auler loon was cuttin' sprots Oot by the mairchin' burn.

1952 W. M. Alexander Place-names Aberdeenshire 117 Sprots is the only word used in Aberdeenshire for the jointed rush (juncus [sic.] articulatus) which, when growing in the mass, is regularly cut with the scythe.

2004 R. Shelton Longshoreman 129 It is getting really light by now and we have to take more care in concealing ourselves among the sprots or rushes near the edge of the field.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2019; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

† sprotn.³

Etymology: Origin unknown.

Obsolete. rare.

An air bubble.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > gas > gas or air in liquid or effervescence > [noun] > a) bubble(s)

scuma1250

boilounc1320

bubblea1350

burblec1350

blubberc1440

bell1483

blobc1540

bull1561

bleb1647

blab1656

air bubble1756

air-bell1806

gas bubble1809

sprot1846

mousse1863

1846 E. Jesse Anecd. Dogs 269 The otter swims and dives with great celerity, and in doing the latter, it throws up sprots or air bubbles.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2019).

n.¹OE

n.²1595

n.³1846

单词	sprot
释义	† sprotn.¹ Forms: α. Old English sprott- (inflected form), Old English–1600s sprot, Middle English–1500s sprott, Middle English–1500s sprotte. β. Old English sprote (plural, perhaps transmission error), Middle English–1600s sprote. See also sprat n.¹ Origin: A word inherited from Germanic. Etymology: Cognate with Middle Dutch, Dutch sprot , Middle Low German sprot ( > German Sprotte , †Sprott , early modern Danish sprot , sprut , spryt , sprøt ), denoting various small fishes, perhaps ultimately < the same Germanic base as sprout v.¹Compare post-classical Latin sprottus , sprotus (from 13th cent. in British sources), Anglo-Norman sproz (13th cent.), esproz (plural, 13th cent.), sprottes (plural, 14th cent.), sprot (15th cent.). In Old English usually a strong masculine. The Old English form sprote in quot. OE at β. , if it is not simply a scribal error, may perhaps show the plural of a feminine (ō -stem) by-form sprot ; it is not clear whether the later β. forms share the same origin. Obsolete. A sprat (see sprat n.¹ 1). Also occasionally: a smelt. In quot. OE at β. apparently used to translate a post-classical Latin form saliu, of uncertain sense and origin.In quot. 1500 at β. attributive. ΘΚΠ the world > animals > fish > class Osteichthyes or Teleostomi > order Salmoniformes (salmon or trout) > [noun] > family Osmeridae(smelts) > osmerus eperlanus (smelt) smeltc725 sprotOE sparling1307 spirlingc1425 spurlinga1471 prim1668 spirinchea1682 the world > animals > fish > class Osteichthyes or Teleostomi > subclass Actinopterygii > order Clupeiformes > [noun] > family Clupeidae and herrings > sprattus sprattus (sprat) sprotOE sprat1469 spratkin1674 sparling1740 garvie1742 α. OE Ælfric Lives of Saints (Julius) (1900) II. 298 He to andsware cwæð, þæt hi ealle ne mihton, ne fisceras ne he sylf, gefon ænne sprot. OE Byrhtferð Enchiridion (Ashm.) (1995) ii. i. 72 Þa myclan hwælas and þa lytlan sprottas and eall fisckynn. lOE Latin-Old Eng. Gloss. (St. John's Oxf. 17) in A. S. Napier Contributions to Old Eng. Lexicogr. (1906) 14 Silurus, sprot. 1328–9 Memoranda Roll, 2 & 3 Edward III (P.R.O.: E 159/105) m. 125 Piscem qui dicitur sprot. a1475 in J. O. Halliwell Early Eng. Misc. (1855) 81 (MED) Take platys..and hange hem one a stafe, as thou woldyste hange sprottes, so that no plate towch othere. a1500 Piers of Fulham (James) in W. C. Hazlitt Remains Early Pop. Poetry Eng. (1866) II. 3 The sely fysche can hym selfe not excusse, when yt ys spyttyd lyke a sprote [c1500 Trin. Cambr. sprotte]. c1503 R. Arnold Chron. f. Ci ^v Rede sprottis..x cades maketh a last. 1535–6 Act 27 Henry VIII c. 3 in Statutes of Realm (1963) III. 532 Fyshermen..use comonly to conducte and convey their [hearyng] sprottys and other fyshe to..Kyngston. 1601 P. Holland tr. Pliny Hist. World II. 434 Sprots salted haue a special propertie to heal the biting of the beetle or venomous fly Prester. 1627 T. Newman in tr. Terence Two Comedies sig. A5 Whither the sprot hath euer bin eaten in Athens, I neither know nor care: I writ in London, and would speake to be vnderstood. β. OE Ælfric's Colloquy (1991) 28 Murenas, et qualescumque in amne natant. Saliu : lampredan, & swa swylce swa on wætere swymmaþ. Sprote.?c1475 Catholicon Anglicum (BL Add. 15562) f. 119 A Sprote [1483 BL Add. 89074 sprotte], piscis est, epimera.1500 Maldon (Essex) Court Rolls (Bundle 59, No. 2) De custum, j sprotbote, iii. d.1557 W. Turner Ep. in C. Gesner Historiæ Animalium (1558) 1296 Apua quæ a Cantabrigensibus uocatur a Spirlyng, a Londinensibus, dum recens est, a Sprote; et infumata a rede Sprote, aut a dryed Sprote.1610 in J. Harland House & Farm Accts. Shuttleworths (1856) I. 186 A hundreth of sprotes, xj^d.1688 R. Holme Acad. Armory ii. xiv. 329/2 A Smelt, or Sparling, and in some places a Sprote, and being dryed, or smoaked, (which I never saw any of them, as red Herrings are) a red sprote, or dryed sprote. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2019; most recently modified version published online December 2020). sprotn.² Brit. /sprɒt/, U.S. /sprɑt/, Scottish English /sprɔt/, Irish English /sprɑt/ Forms: English regional 1800s sprawt, 1800s sproat, 1800s sprooat, 1800s sprot, 1800s sprote; Scottish pre-1700 1700s– sprot, pre-1700 1800s sprote, 1800s sprott, 1900s sprut; Irish English (northern) 1900s– sprot. Origin: Probably a variant or alteration of another lexical item. Etymons: spret n., sprat n.³ Etymology: Probably related to spret n. and sprat n.³ See further discussion at spret n.The form sprut may belong instead at spret n. Currency in Old English is perhaps implied by the following isolated attestation of Northumbrian sprott , translating classical Latin arundō (see arundinaceous adj.), although it could alternatively show a form of sprot sprout, twig (neuter; see sprote n.¹):OE (Northumbrian) Liturgical Texts (Durham Ritual) in A. H. Thompson & U. Lindelöf Rituale Ecclesiae Dunelmensis (1927) 86 Tamquam scintillę in harundine cito discurrent : suoelce gloedo in dryge sprott hręðe giiornað. Scottish, English regional (northern), and Irish English (northern). Now chiefly historical. Any of various coarse grasses or rushes; esp. jointleaf rush, Juncus articulatus, which is native to Eurasia and North America; occasionally in plural. Also: a stalk or stem of such a plant. ΘΚΠ the world > plants > particular plants > plants and herbs > a grass or grasses > reedy or aquatic grasses > [noun] > rush and related plants rusheOE sharp rushc1050 seave14.. junk?a1425 candle-rushc1440 rush1562 sea-rush1562 camel's-straw1578 mat-rush1578 sprot1595 frog grass1597 matweed1597 rush grass1597 sprata1600 spart1614 bumble1633 toad-grass1640 moss-rush1670 thresha1689 spreta1700 bog rush1760 black grassa1763 goose-corn1762 toad-rush1776 wood-rush1776 stool-bent1777 scrub-grass1811 beak-rush1830 salt-weed1836 wiwi1840 thread rush1861 three-leaved rush1861 kill-cow1898 1595 A. Duncan Appendix Etymologiae: Index in Latinae Grammaticae Juncus actius, a sprote. c1600 R. Lindsay Hist. & Cron. Scotl. (1899) I. 336 (note) [The] fluir layd with greine scheirrittis with sprottis medwartis and flouris. 1750 Session Papers in Sc. National Dict. (1971) VXIII. (at cited word) The Tenants pay Six Sheaves of Sprots or Rushes to the Miller of said Mill for thatching the same Mill and Mill-house. 1784 J. Anderson Ess. Agric. (ed. 3) I. i. xxx. 130 Whoever attempts this mode of fencing, should take care to provide themselves with a sufficient quantity of the seed of the plant usually called Sprots, to sow near the edges of the water. 1825 J. Jamieson Etymol. Dict. Sc. Lang. Suppl. Fosset,..a mat of rushes or sprots, laid on a horse. 1853 G. Johnston Terra Lindisfarnensis I. 199 Juncus acutiflorus. Sprat or Sprot. 1883 G. McMichael Way through Ayrshire 78 All east of this is moorland, clad with bent, heath, and sprotts. 1916 G. Abel Wylins fae my Wallet 127 The auler loon was cuttin' sprots Oot by the mairchin' burn. 1952 W. M. Alexander Place-names Aberdeenshire 117 Sprots is the only word used in Aberdeenshire for the jointed rush (juncus [sic.] articulatus) which, when growing in the mass, is regularly cut with the scythe. 2004 R. Shelton Longshoreman 129 It is getting really light by now and we have to take more care in concealing ourselves among the sprots or rushes near the edge of the field. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2019; most recently modified version published online March 2022). † sprotn.³ Etymology: Origin unknown. Obsolete. rare. An air bubble. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > gas > gas or air in liquid or effervescence > [noun] > a) bubble(s) scuma1250 boilounc1320 bubblea1350 burblec1350 blubberc1440 bell1483 blobc1540 bull1561 bleb1647 blab1656 air bubble1756 air-bell1806 gas bubble1809 sprot1846 mousse1863 1846 E. Jesse Anecd. Dogs 269 The otter swims and dives with great celerity, and in doing the latter, it throws up sprots or air bubbles. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2019). < n.¹OEn.²1595n.³1846
随便看	telengiscope telenovela teleo teleo- teleobjective teleobjective camera teleobranchiate teleocephal teleocephalous teleocracy teleocrat teleocratic teleodesmacean teleodont teleologic teleological teleological argument teleological ethics teleologically teleologies teleologism teleologist teleologists teleology teleometer

† sprotn.1

sprotn.2

† sprotn.3

† sprotn.¹

sprotn.²

† sprotn.³