单词 | bolster |
释义 | bolstern.1 1. a. A long stuffed pillow or cushion used to support the sleeper's head in a bed; the name is now restricted to the under-pillow, stuffed with something firm, which extends from side to side, and on which the softer and flatter pillows are laid. ΘΚΠ society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabited place > a building > furniture and fittings > bed > bedding > [noun] > pillow or bolster pilloweOE wangerc900 bolsterOE pilliverOE cod1392 transom1459 bed-head1483 hacoyte?1541 cod-pillow1569 tye1615 heading1847 weeping willow1880 OE Beowulf 1240 Beddum ond bolstrum. c1200 Trin. Coll. Hom. 139 He..ches..bare eorðe to bedde . and hard ston to bolstre. c1425 Leg. Rood (1871) 210 With hym on bedde, man, þou sat On þe bolstre of heuene blisse. 1444 in J. Raine Testamenta Eboracensia (1855) II. 100 Lectum plumarem cum le bolster. ?1479 Will of Walter Paston in Paston Lett. & Papers (2004) I. 647 Vnum puluinar vocatum le bolstar. 1494 Act 11 Hen. VII xix Feather-beds, Bolsters, and Pillows. 1535 W. Stewart tr. H. Boethius Bk. Cron. Scotl. (1858) II. 445 But bed or bowster to lig on the stro. 1611 Bible (King James) 1 Sam. xix. 13 And Michal..put a pillow of goats haire for his bolster. a1616 W. Shakespeare Taming of Shrew (1623) iv. i. 187 Heere Ile fling the pillow, there the boulster . View more context for this quotation 1640 R. Brathwait (title) Art asleepe Husband? a Boulster Lecture; stored with witty Jests. 1688 London Gaz. 22 Oct. /2 The said Deponent stood at the Queens Bolster. 1838 W. Howitt Rural Life Eng. I. iii. iii. 319 Propped up in bed with bolsters and pillows. b. A cushion or pad for leaning or sitting upon, etc. ΘΚΠ society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabited place > a building > furniture and fittings > support or rest > [noun] > cushion pillowOE bolsterc1275 cushionc1374 squab1688 c1275 Death 90 in Old Eng. Misc. 174 Neaver sitten on bolstre ne on benche. a1701 H. Maundrell Journey Aleppo to Jerusalem (1703) 29 Furnished all round with Bolsters for leaning upon. 2. Applied to various things of the nature of a pad, used to obviate friction or chafing, or pad out hollows or deficiencies, etc. ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > healing > medical appliances or equipment > surgical supports > [noun] > pad or sand-bag bolster?1541 sandbag1658 ?1541 R. Copland Guy de Chauliac's Questyonary Cyrurgyens iii. sig. Liv Wherfore serueth the bolsters?..To stay and conpryme the places dissolued. 1607 E. Topsell Hist. Foure-footed Beastes 420 Bolster the taint with a bolster of flax. 1759 D. P. Layard in Philos. Trans. 1758 (Royal Soc.) 50 749 He applied bolsters dipped in warm red wine and water. 1813 J. Thomson Lect. Inflammation 299 Application of bolsters or pads of lint..to prevent the matter exuding. ΘΚΠ the world > textiles and clothing > clothing > types or styles of clothing > [noun] > for specific people > other knight-weed1340 servile habita1425 bolster1552 yeomanry1597 court-dress1797 1552 R. Huloet Abcedarium Anglico Latinum Bolsters whyche bearers of burdens, as porters do weare for freatynge. 1580 Baret's Aluearie (rev. ed.) B 905 Bolsters that bearers of burdens vse, as porters for fretting. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > farming > animal husbandry > keeping or management of horses > horse-gear > [noun] > saddle > parts of saddle saddle-boweOE arsonc1300 saddle skirt1361 saddle-tree1364 skirtc1400 saddle panel1465 stock-tree1470 stock1497 pommela1500 tree1535 pillion cloth1540 port1548 saddle stock1548 pilch1552 bolster1591 cantle1591 shank-pilliona1599 pillowc1600 pad1604 crutch1607 sivet1607 saddle crutcha1614 saddle eaves1663 saddle tore1681 burr1688 head1688 narve1688 saddle seat1688 sidebar1688 torea1694 quarter1735 bands of a saddle1753 witherband1764 withers1764 peak1775 pillion-stick1784 boot-housing1792 saddle flap1798 saddle lap1803 fork1833 flap1849 horn1849 skirting1852 hunting-horn1854 head-plate1855 saddle horn1856 cantle bar1859 leaping-horn1859 straining1871 stirrup-bar1875 straining-leather1875 spring tree1877 leaping-head1881 officer-tree1894 monkey1911 monkey-strap1915 thigh roll1963 straining-web- 1591 R. Greene Second Pt. Conny-catching sig. A2 His saddle..hath both cantle & boulsters. 1611 R. Cotgrave Dict. French & Eng. Tongues Batte, the boulster of a Saddle. 1753 Chambers's Cycl. Suppl. Bolsters of a saddle..those parts which are raised on the bows, both before and behind, to rest the rider's thighs..Common saddles have no bolsters behind or even before. ΘΚΠ the world > textiles and clothing > clothing > parts of clothing > [noun] > padding bolster1600 bombasting1603 tabby1752 breast pad1810 1600 S. Rowlands Letting of Humors Blood vii. 83 A boulster for their Buttockes, and such stuffe. 1734 J. Swift Beautiful Nymph 4 Off she slips The Bolsters that supply her Hips. 1753 Chambers's Cycl. Suppl. (at cited word) By a constitution, the clergy are forbidden to wear bolsters about their shoulders, in their gowns, coats, or doublets. e. Nautical in plural. ‘Small cushions or bags of tarred canvas, used to preserve the stays from being chafed by the motion of the masts.’ Smyth Sailor's Word-bk. Also pieces of timber fixed in various positions to prevent chafing between ropes and other parts of the ship. ΘΚΠ society > travel > travel by water > vessel, ship, or boat > equipment of vessel > ropes or chains other than rigging or cable > [noun] > protection against chafing of or by rope plat1620 puddinga1625 servinga1625 service1662 rounding1672 parcelling1750 bolster1769 plait1799 Scotchman1832 1769 W. Falconer Universal Dict. Marine (at cited word) Bolsters..are used to preserve the stays from being chafed or galled by the motion of the masts. 1850 J. Greenwood Sailor's Sea-bk. 99 Bolsters for the Anchor Lining are solid pieces of oak, bolted to the ship's side..Bolsters for Sheets, Tacks, &c. are small pieces of fir or oak fayed under the gunwale, &c., with the outer surface rounded to prevent the sheets and other rigging from chafing. c1860 H. Stuart Novices or Young Seaman's Catech. (rev. ed.) 76 The bolsters are bolted above the trussletrees. f. A pad or cushion employed to deaden noise in pianofortes. 3. Applied to various parts of mechanism which form a solid support or base, on which other parts rest or exert pressure. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > farming > tools and implements > ploughing equipment > [noun] > plough > plough-pillow bolster?1523 plough-pillow1707 ?1523 J. Fitzherbert Bk. Husbandry f. iiiv But their moost speciall temper is at the bolster where as the plough beam lyeth. 1733 J. Tull Horse-hoing Husbandry xxi. 145 Sometimes we use a Piece of Shoe-Leather instead of an iron Bolster. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > farming > animal husbandry > bee-keeping > [noun] > beehive > parts of moutha1398 stool?1523 skirt1555 hackle1609 smoot1615 imp1618 bolster1623 cop1623 underlaya1642 hack1658 tee-hole1669 frame1673 hood1686 alighting board1780 body box1823 superhive1847 super1855 quilt1870 queen excluder1881 bar-super1884 brood box1888 1623 C. Butler Feminine Monarchie (rev. ed.) iii. sig. G2 Also reare the swarmes that being under-hiued doe lie forth, with bolsters of that thicknesse that may but let in the Bees. 1623 C. Butler Feminine Monarchie (rev. ed.) v. sig. K2v Reare the full Hiue with three bolsters, two on the West side, and one on the East, some foure or fiue inches high. c. The bearing for a waterwheel shaft. dialect. ΚΠ 1671 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 6 2108 A great beam, turned by an over-shoot-water-wheel on 2 boulsters. Categories » d. A block of wood fixed on a siege-gun carriage, on which the breech rests during transport. e. The transverse bar over the axle of a wagon, which supports the bed, and raises it from the axle. Also, the principal cross-beam of a railway truck or carriage body. ΘΚΠ society > travel > means of travel > a conveyance > vehicle > cart, carriage, or wagon > parts of cart or carriage > [noun] > body > support for bed bolster1688 pillow1811 1688 R. Holme Acad. Armory iii. viii. §49 The Bolster is that on which the fore-wheels with the axle-tree turn in wheeling the waggon on a cross Road. 1834 Brit. Husbandry (Libr. Useful Knowl.) I. 158 The shafts of the cart rest on the bolster of the waggon-wheels, to which they are secured; and a long copse, or fore-ladder resting also upon the bolster, projects over the shaft-horse. f. The part of the pier or abutment on which a truss-bridge rests. g. The spindle-bearing in the rail of a spinning-frame. ΘΚΠ the world > textiles and clothing > textiles > textile manufacture > manufacture of thread or yarn > [noun] > spinning > machine > parts of > spindle > other parts of nock1440 bolster1825 1825 Andrew Specif. Patent 5079 From the top of the spindle to the first bearing, which is denominated a bolster, is about 7 inches. 1873 E. Leigh Sci. Mod. Cotton Spinning 219 The theory of the bolster rail lift is very plausible. h. A horizontal cap-piece laid upon the top of a post or pillar, to shorten the bearing of the beam of a string-piece supported by it. i. In the centering of an arch, each of the transverse pieces which lie across the ribs and support the voussoirs of the arch. j. The plate or block in a punching-machine on which the metal to be punched is laid, and which is perforated or excavated to fit the punch. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > equipment > piercing or boring tools > [noun] > punches > part of bolster1678 punch board1900 1678 J. Moxon Mech. Exercises I. i. 12 Your Punch will print a bunching mark upon the hole of a Bolster, that is a thick Iron with a hole in it. 1790 Clifford Specif. Patent 1795 The nails are to be cut..by means of a punch..having a hollow boulster (commonly called a bed) the hollow and aperture of which must also be made to the size and form of the nail. 1846 C. Holtzapffel Turning & Mech. Manip. (1856) II. 929 Punches..used in combination with bolsters. 4. Applied to various things of the nature of a supporting or strengthening ridge. a. The projecting ‘shoulder’ of a knife, chisel, etc., where the blade is inserted into the handle. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > equipment > cutting tool > knife > [noun] > shoulder bolster1827 1827 Smith Specif. Patent 5470 To form the blade and bolster and tang at one and the same operation. 1831 J. Holland Treat. Manuf. Metal I. 291 The bolster, or that prominent part of a common table knife which abuts upon the handle. b. The metallic plate on the end of the handle of a pocket-knife. c. A raised ridge on the wrestplank of a piano to give bearing to the strings by raising them. d. An excrescence left on the stem of a plant by the fall of a leaf. ΚΠ 1893 I. K. Funk et al. Standard Dict. Eng. Lang. I Bolster, an excrescence or scar left by the fall of a leaf, as the markings on the trunks of Lepidodendron. 5. Architecture. One of the rolls forming the sides of an Ionic capital; = baluster n. 5. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > architecture > column > [noun] > capital > parts of specific types of capital caulis1563 helix1563 vase1563 voluta1563 cyllerie1592 codd1601 cilery1611 roll1611 turning1631 pillow1664 volute1696 tambour1706 collarino1715 annulet1728 colarin1728 drum1728 caulicoles1815 intervolute1831 bolster1842 stalk1842 horn1847 bell1848 cauliculusa1878 1842 J. Gwilt Encycl. Archit. Gloss. 936 Bolster, the baluster part of the Ionic capital on the return side. Compounds bolster-piece; bolster-shaped adj.; bolster collar n. a bolster-shaped collar of a woman's coat or cloak. ΘΚΠ the world > space > relative position > support > [noun] > that which supports staffc1000 hold1042 source1359 legc1380 shorer1393 stabilimenta1398 upholder1398 sustentationa1400 undersetterc1400 bearinga1425 undersettinga1425 suppowellc1430 triclinec1440 sustentaclec1451 supportera1475 sustainerc1475 sustenal1483 stayc1515 buttress1535 underpinning1538 firmament1554 countenance1565 support1570 appuia1573 comfort1577 hypostasis1577 underpropping1586 porter1591 supportation1593 supportance1597 understaya1603 bearer1607 rest1609 upsetter1628 mountinga1630 sustent1664 underlay1683 holdfast1706 abutment1727 suppeditor1728 mount1739 monture1746 bed1793 appoggiatura1833 bracing1849 bench1850 under-pinner1859 bolster-piece1860 sustainer1873 table mount1923 the world > space > shape > other specific shapes > [adjective] > others lachrymal1607 tauriform1721 diminished1726 tailed1767 acinose1796 aciniform1798 acinous1809 slab-sided1817 lip-like1836 mound-like1843 high-centred1847 square-toed1851 brush-shaped1880 mushroom1884 bolster-shaped1900 arrowhead1934 narrow-gutted1952 panhandled1960 the world > textiles and clothing > clothing > types or styles of clothing > clothing for body or trunk (and limbs) > [noun] > coat > parts of > collar cuff of the neck1740 storm collar1898 bolster collar1923 1860 R. S. Burn Handbk. Mech. Arts (ed. 2) 197 Where the tie-rods..join the ring at the angles, bolster-pieces are inserted, against which the nuts are screwed hard up. 1900 Westm. Gaz. 16 May 2/1 The bolster-shaped kit bag. 1904 Windsor Mag. Jan. 238/2 Long bolster-shaped sweets. 1923 Daily Mail 19 June 1 New short coat..with smart finely pleated bolster collar. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1887; most recently modified version published online June 2022). bolstern.2 A type of chisel used by bricklayers for cutting bricks. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > equipment > cutting tool > chisel > [noun] > for cutting stone or brick tool1727 point1728 drove1825 prick1837 boaster1842 bolster1908 society > occupation and work > equipment > building and constructing equipment > [noun] > masons' and bricklayers' tools > for cutting or dressing bricks brick axe?1502 salter1688 banker1700 float-stone1700 bedding-stone1823 bolster1908 1908 C. F. Mitchell Brickwork & Masonry (ed. 2) ii. 96 Brick-Cutting Tools..The club hammer and bolster, for cutting with greater exactitude than with the trowel. 1924 H. L. Briggs Pract. Bricklaying iv. 39 For finer work the brick-cutting chisel, or ‘set’ or ‘bolster’, as it is usually called, is used. 1936 Archit. Rev. 79 240/4 (caption) The bolster, a long-edged, cold chisel used for cutting bricks and also for cleaning joints. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1972; most recently modified version published online December 2021). bolsterv. 1. transitive. To support with a bolster. (Usually in past participle.) ΘΚΠ society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabited place > a building > furniture and fittings > bed > bedding > [verb (transitive)] > support with pillows or bolster bolster1583 pillow1611 1583 P. Barrough Methode of Phisicke iii. ix. 89 Let your head bee boulstered vp high. 1791 E. Darwin Bot. Garden ii. 77 Bolster'd with down, amid a thousand wants. 1873 W. Black Princess of Thule xx. 334 She was bolstered up in bed. ΘΚΠ the world > space > relative position > support > [verb (transitive)] to bear upeOE underbearc950 bearOE holdc1000 weighc1200 to hold up1297 upholda1300 sustainc1330 undersetc1330 comforta1382 underbear1382 upbear1390 sustaina1398 upkeepc1412 carrya1425 supporta1425 chargea1500 convey1514 avoke1529 confirm1542 stay1548 to carry up1570 bolster1581 lift1590 upstay1590 atlas1593 sustent1605 statuminatea1628 firm1646 appui1656 establish1664 shoulder1674 to keep up1681 upheave1729 withhold1769 1581 J. Studley tr. Seneca Hippolytus i. ii, in T. Newton et al. tr. Seneca 10 Trag. f. 61 Thunder propping brawny shoulderd sier That heaued and bolstred vp the Welkin throne. 1615 H. Crooke Μικροκοσμογραϕια 118 Vnder the beginning of the duodenum is the Pancræas placed..to boulster them vp. 3. a. figurative. To prop up, support, uphold. Also with up. In later use usually with some approach to c. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > easiness > aid, help, or assistance > support > [verb (transitive)] lasteOE i-hentc1225 uphold?c1225 upbeara1300 sustainc1300 understand13.. uplift1338 maintainc1350 supporta1393 underset1395 buttressc1400 supprise1447 bolster1508 stay1526 stay1526 undershore?a1534 underpropa1535 to hold up by the chin1546 back1548 suborn1548 suffult?c1550 upshore?1567 shoulder1577 upstay1600 underwrite1609 abone1622 crutch1641 float1823 backstop1956 1508 Bp. J. Fisher Wks. (1876) 175 Suche maner stronge and constaunt people dooth bolster and holde up bothe themselfe and other in crystes chyrche, they be lyke vnto pyllers. 1548 Hall's Vnion: Henry VII f. viii To vpholde, fortefye, & bolster the enterpryce. 1591 Troublesome Raigne Iohn i. sig. E3 Arthur thou seest, Fraunce cannot bolster thee. b. To uphold or bear out (evil doers, illegal action, crime, or error); to aid and abet, to countenance. Also with out (obsolete) and up. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > easiness > aid, help, or assistance > support > support or encouragement > support or encourage [verb (transitive)] > chiefly in something bad comfort1362 maintainc1390 abet1442 bolster1523 1523 [implied in: Ld. Berners tr. J. Froissart Cronycles I. cccl. 561 Who durst begyn suche a ryot..without some bolsterer or comforter in their dede. (at bolsterer n. 1)]. 1549 [implied in: H. Latimer Serm. before Edward VI (Arb.) 154 O Lord what bearyng what bolstering of naughtye matters is thys. (at bolstering n. 1)]. 1583 W. Fulke Def. Transl. Script. ii. 177 You frame your translations to bolster your errors and heresies. 1612 T. James Iesuits Downefall 29 They haue bolstred, banded, bearded, and borne out many foule matters. 1821 Hone Facetiæ 18 There is..not a public job that he has not bolstered; not a public knave that he has not shielded. c. Now usually (with some mixture of sense 4): To give fictitious support to (a thing unable to stand of itself). Commonly with up, rarely out. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > easiness > aid, help, or assistance > support > [verb (transitive)] > give factitious support to prop1549 bolster1581 1581 J. Bell tr. W. Haddon & J. Foxe Against Jerome Osorius 447 Wherewith they may bolster upp not their credytt, but their false packyng. 1635 J. Swan Speculum Mundi i. §3. 18 These things have..been boulstered out by Rabbinicall traditions. 1641 J. Milton Of Reformation 48 Bolstering, and supporting their inward rottenes by a carnal, and outward strength. 1804 Duke of Wellington Dispatches (1837) III. 275 I have done every thing in my power to bolster up the credit of the government. 1868 M. Pattison Suggestions Acad. Organisation §4. 81 What we..teach requires to be bolstered up by bounties to the taught. 4. a. To pad, furnish, or stuff out with padding; to puff. Also with out, up. ΘΚΠ the world > space > relative position > condition of being internal > make internal or interior [verb (transitive)] > line > pad or stuff stopc1400 stuffc1450 bolster1530 suffulce1599 pad1741 wad1759 upholster1873 the world > space > extension in space > expansion or enlargement > expand or enlarge [verb (transitive)] > distend > with fullness > stuff stuffc1450 to bulk out?1529 bolster1530 bombase1573 embolster1631 1530 [implied in: J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 199/2 Bolsteryng, stuffyng, fulsement. (at bolstering n. 2)]. 1562 J. Heywood Sixt Hundred Epigrammes c, in Wks. sig. Ee That breeche was bolstred so with such brode barres. 1576 G. Gascoigne Steele Glas Epil. They bumbast, bolster, frisle, and perfume. 1609 W. M. Man in Moone sig. E4v A white necke, if it be not plastered: a straight backe, if it be not bolstered. 1710 R. Steele Tatler No. 245. ⁋2 Three Pair of Stays, boulstered below the Left Shoulder. 1847 L. Hunt Men, Women, & Bks. I. xiv. 277 For a lady to look like an hour-glass, or a huge insect, or anything else cut in two, and bolstered out at head and feet. b. figurative. ΚΠ 1568 Sempill Ballates (1873) 232 Bowstert with pryd. 1616 Manifest. Abp. Spalato's Motives 31 Their Reuenues are great, and boulstered out with secular dignities. 1826 W. Scott Woodstock I. iii. 71 Whose sermons were all bolstered up with..Greek and Latin. ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > healing > medical treatment > treatment by topical applications > treat by topical applications [verb (transitive)] > furnish with pad or compress bolster1607 1607 E. Topsell Hist. Foure-footed Beastes 413 [It] will..not onely require more businesse in bolstering it, but also put the horse to more paine. a1657 G. Daniel Trinarchodia: Richard II cccxxxii, in Poems (1878) III. 220 Thus Broken Hearts Are bolstred vp, and none can tell their Smarts. 1768 W. Sharp in Philos. Trans. 1767 (Royal Soc.) 57 84 With the common wooden splints (properly bolstered). 6. ? intransitive. To lie on the same bolster. ΘΚΠ the world > physical sensation > sexual relations > sexual activity > engage in sexual activity [verb (intransitive)] > have sexual intercourse playOE to do (also work) one's kindc1225 bedc1315 couple1362 gendera1382 to go togetherc1390 to come togethera1398 meddlea1398 felterc1400 companya1425 swivec1440 japea1450 mellc1450 to have to do with (also mid, of, on)1474 engender1483 fuck?a1513 conversec1540 jostlec1540 confederate1557 coeate1576 jumble1582 mate1589 do1594 conjoin1597 grind1598 consortc1600 pair1603 to dance (a dance) between a pair of sheets1608 commix1610 cock1611 nibble1611 wap1611 bolstera1616 incorporate1622 truck1622 subagitate1623 occupya1626 minglec1630 copulate1632 fere1632 rut1637 joust1639 fanfreluche1653 carnalize1703 screw1725 pump1730 correspond1756 shag1770 hump1785 conjugate1790 diddle1879 to get some1889 fuckeec1890 jig-a-jig1896 perform1902 rabbit1919 jazz1920 sex1921 root1922 yentz1923 to make love1927 rock1931 mollock1932 to make (beautiful) music (together)1936 sleep1936 bang1937 lumber1938 to hop into bed (with)1951 to make out1951 ball1955 score1960 trick1965 to have it away1966 to roll in the hay1966 to get down1967 poontang1968 pork1968 shtup1969 shack1976 bonk1984 boink1985 a1616 W. Shakespeare Othello (1622) iii. iii. 404 If euer mortall eyes did see them boulster More then their owne. View more context for this quotation 7. transitive (among schoolboys): To belabour with bolsters. Cf. pillow fight n. at pillow n. Compounds 2. ΘΚΠ the world > movement > impact > striking > striking with specific thing > strike with specific thing [verb (transitive)] > strike with an object > with a bolster bolster1870 1870 ‘A. R. Hope’ My Schoolboy Friends (1875) 287 And then they bolstered us. ΘΚΠ society > law > administration of justice > [verb (transitive)] > pervert or abuse law flit1393 bolstera1513 a1513 R. Fabyan New Cronycles Eng. & Fraunce (1516) II. f. ccxv [They reported] how the Lawes be delayed & bolstred by suche as stande in his fauoure. a1538 T. Starkey Dial. Pole & Lupset (1989) 79 Materys are so borne & bolsteryd that justyce cannot have place, wyth indyfferency. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1887; most recently modified version published online December 2021). < n.1OEn.21908v.1508 |
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