strengtheningn.

Brit.

/ˈstrɛŋ(k)θ(ə)nɪŋ/,

/ˈstrɛŋ(k)θn̩ɪŋ/, U.S.

/ˈstrɛŋ(k)θ(ə)nɪŋ/

Forms: 1500s strengthenynge, 1500s strengthninge, 1500s–1700s strengthning, 1500s– strengthening, 1600s strengtheninge; Scottish pre-1700 streinthning, pre-1700 strenthneing, pre-1700 strenthning, pre-1700 streynthning, pre-1700 1700s– strengthening.

Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: strengthen v., -ing suffix¹.

Etymology: < strengthen v. + -ing suffix¹. With sense 2 compare strengthener n.

1. The action of strengthen v. (in various senses); the fact of being strengthened. Also: an instance of this.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > easiness > aid, help, or assistance > strengthening or confirmation of immaterial things > [noun]

strenghinga1400

strengthc1400

affirmance1442

roboration1473

confirmation1520

corroboration1529

fortification1530

strengthening1535

hardening1544

establishment1561

re-enforcement1577

comforting1605

reinforcement1605

consolidation1611

establishing1846

undergirding1868

entrenchment1877

entrenching1950

the world > life > the body > bodily constitution > bodily strength > strengthening > [noun]

establishment1561

corroboration1599

confirmation1646

firmament1650

strengthening1660

tone-up1943

1535 Bible (Coverdale) 1 Macc. vi. 18 They..sought euer styll to do them harme, for the strengthen ynge of the Heithen.

c1595 Capt. Wyatt in G. F. Warner Voy. R. Dudley to W. Indies (1899) 32 This letter..gave..better respect unto themselves for the strengthninge of our fortification.

1611 R. Cotgrave Dict. French & Eng. Tongues Consolidation, a consolidation, a strengthening, sound-making.

1660 T. Fuller Mixt Contempl. ii. l. 74 Charles the Second..when a Childe was much troubled with a weaknesse in his Legs, and was appointed to weare Steel-Bootes, for the strengthning of them.

1723 E. Chambers tr. S. Le Clerc Treat. Archit. I. 23 The greater Solidity, and the further strengthning of the Building.

1779 Town & Country Mag. Feb. 99/2 This work..was not sufficient to resist heavy artillery, and it was, by no means, of a sufficient extent for any other purpose than the strengthening of lines.

1834 Westm. Rev. Apr. 301 It would still be..a strengthening of the hands of the subversives, to deny to the mass of the people the means of overcoming them by intelligence instead of force.

1870 J. F. Smith Ewald's Introd. Hebr. Gram. 162 A peculiar strengthening of the two preceding moods is attained by suffixing [etc.].

1882 S. F. A. Caulfeild & B. C. Saward Dict. Needlework 307 Strengthening..is done by working doubled threads into the heels or toes of stockings.

1934 Social Res. 1 413 Every step forward in this educational process means essentially a strengthening of the critical, anti-authoritarian and anti-totalitarian forces among the people.

1964 L. H. Van Vlack Elements Materials Sci. (ed. 2) xiii. 391 The strengthening of silver by this procedure..is quite effective at low temperatures.

2004 Canad. Yachting Apr. 57/2 Parent experts in the fields of physio and yoga are recruited to put together a ball and yoga class for the young sailors to help with core strengthening and stability.

2. Something that gives strength or support; a source or means of strength.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > easiness > aid, help, or assistance > strengthening or confirmation of immaterial things > [noun] > a source or means of

strengthinga1400

confirmator1485

stablishment1533

strengthening1571

strengthener1579

corroborative1601

strength1615

corroboration1670

re-enforcer1832

reinforcer1873

vertebration1884

the world > health and disease > healing > medicines or physic > medicines for specific purpose > restoratives, tonics, or stimulants > [noun] > tonic

strengthening1571

strengthener1579

corroborative1601

fortification1655

roborant1661

corroborator1674

corroboratica1704

corroborant1738

bracer1740

tonic1799

invigorant1822

1571 J. Bridges Serm. Paules Crosse 144 If meate be neuer so much a strengthening to the body, if it be not eaten and disgested in the stomack it norisheth not.

1583 A. Golding tr. J. Calvin Serm. on Deuteronomie ii. 10 Is not y^e knowledg of such doctrine an excellent strengthening to vs, when we see that [etc.]?

a1627 T. Middleton No Wit (1657) ii. 60 Out flies your moneys for restoratives and strengthnings.

1663 B. Gerbier Counsel to Builders 44 The peeres of Brick or Stone..will..be of a fit width to be a strengthening to the building.

1711 Oliver's Pocket Looking-glass 21 A Sister and Friend in the Bosom of the immediate Heir to the Throne, was such a Strengthning to his present Condition, that he now begun to find himself able to Walk without the help of his first Supporter.

1773 J. Hawkesworth Acct. Voy. Southern Hemisphere III. ii. x. 462 Thwarts..were securely lashed on each side, as a strengthening to the boat.

1852 Ladies' Wreath 395 Sleep had strewn his somniferous flowers freely over me, and truly I needed the strengthening for the work that I shall to-day with cheerful spirit accomplish.

1879 Cassell's Techn. Educator (new ed.) III. 151/1 Such supplementary strengthenings..are, however, not nearly so much required in iron as in wood ships.

1939 Social Forces 18 144/1 All forward looking social work programs should also consider the possibility of what strengthenings and additions of resources might reasonably become available.

1977 New Scientist 7 Apr. 22/1 The British Standards Institution has ‘strongly recommended’ that calcium chloride is no longer used as a quick setting agent for concrete in which metal strengthening is embedded.

2012 D. Theodossopoulos Struct. Design in Building Conservation v. 119 Depending on the accessibility and historic and artistic value of a timber beam, the strengthening can be completely contained within the section.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2015; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

strengtheningadj.

Brit.

/ˈstrɛŋ(k)θ(ə)nɪŋ/,

/ˈstrɛŋ(k)θn̩ɪŋ/, U.S.

/ˈstrɛŋ(k)θ(ə)nɪŋ/

Forms: 1500s strengtheninge, 1500s strengthenyng, 1600s–1700s strengthning, 1600s– strengthening.

Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: strengthen v., -ing suffix².

Etymology: < strengthen v. + -ing suffix².

a. That gives strength or support; that makes someone or something stronger.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > easiness > aid, help, or assistance > strengthening or confirmation of immaterial things > [adjective]

strengthening1571

corroborative1711

substantiativea1834

the world > life > the body > bodily constitution > bodily strength > strengthening > [adjective]

strengthening1571

roborating1615

enabling1628

strengthing1672

steeling1849

fortifying1863

1571 W. Fulke Confut. Popishe Libelle f. 42^v The firste..that hadde in reuerence the signe of the Crosse, were the Valentiniane heretikes..whiche thei called Oron crucem confirmatiuam, the strengthenyng Crosse.

1598 A. M. tr. J. Guillemeau Frenche Chirurg. 16/2 Some resolvinge and strengtheninge medicamentes.

1646 P. Bulkley Gospel-covenant iv. 317 Faith is a strengthening grace.

1660 F. Brooke tr. V. Le Blanc World Surveyed 74 They use themselves to very violent exercises,..feeding on strengthning foods onely.

1728 E. Chambers Cycl. Agglutinants, Agglutinantia, in Medicine, a Species of strengthning Remedies.

1786 J. Hunter Treat. Venereal Dis. vi. iv. 377 In such cases I would recommend strengthening diet, and strengthening medicines.

1842 J. C. Loudon Suburban Horticulturist 633 Such a wall..may be made..with stakes to serve as strengthening piers.

1848 J. T. White in tr. Xenophon Κύρου ἀνάβασις ii. iii. §18 Notes 111 Observe here the strengthening force of καί. It..answers to the English and..too.

1883 Cent. Mag. Feb. 633/1 She was wearing six strengthening plasters.

1921 Mariner's Mirror 7 222/1 The fishing boats..all have a strengthening piece of wood fixed on the outside of the boat.

1961 J. Fennell Ivan Great of Moscow v. 109 It was not as a strengthening bond between the two principalities that Elena became known to her contemporaries and to posterity.

2007 LILIPOH Winter 10/2 There are many specific nutrients, herbs, and remedies..that have a wonderful strengthening effect on the immune system.

†b. Cards. Of a card or course of play: that strengthens a player's hand. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > entertainment > pastimes > game > card game > card or cards > [adjective] > strengthening one's hand

strengthening1834

1834 C. B. Coles Short Whist 21 Queens and knaves are strengthening cards.

1863 Macmillan's Mag. Jan. 205/1 This is called strengthening play: your partner has declared strength in the suit, and you, being numerically weak, play out your best cards..to strengthen his hand, and to aid him in establishing his suit.

1900 ‘J. Doe’ Bridge Man. 73 In leading what you may be pleased to consider a strengthening card, you are opening the very suit which your adversaries are secretly praying that they may be able to establish.

1927 Charleston (W. Va.) Daily Mail 21 Oct. 24/1 The Jack of Diamonds..makes it a good ‘strengthening’ card with which to start.

2. That becomes stronger, growing, increasing.

ΘΚΠ

the world > relative properties > quantity > increase in quantity, amount, or degree > [adjective] > increasing in intensity or degree

risinga1398

upcreeping1611

acuationa1655

heightening1774

strengthening1794

upswelling1855

exalting1859

intensifying1863

enhancive1889

1794 A. Radcliffe Myst. of Udolpho II. v. 162 Emily..watched the strengthening light spreading upon the ocean.

1811 J. Austen Sense & Sensibility II. v. 74 Elinor..saw at the same time with much concern his continued regard for her sister. She feared it was a strengthening regard.

1855 T. T. Lynch Rivulet xlv. 63 All the marvels have begun That wait upon the strengthening sun.

1906 M. Sellers Acts & Ordinances Eastland Co. Introd. p. lxxvi The manifestation of a slowly strengthening feeling in favour of a policy of less general restriction.

1950 W. V. T. Clark Watchful Gods 285 Despite the fog and the strengthening wind, he began to sweat before he was half-way up the slope.

2008 J. Roe Her Brilliant Career ix. 284 Miles was increasingly perturbed by what she took to be heart trouble, not helped by the strengthening conviction that she was wasting her life on dunderheads.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2015; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

单词	strengthening
释义	strengtheningn. Brit. /ˈstrɛŋ(k)θ(ə)nɪŋ/, /ˈstrɛŋ(k)θn̩ɪŋ/, U.S. /ˈstrɛŋ(k)θ(ə)nɪŋ/ Forms: 1500s strengthenynge, 1500s strengthninge, 1500s–1700s strengthning, 1500s– strengthening, 1600s strengtheninge; Scottish pre-1700 streinthning, pre-1700 strenthneing, pre-1700 strenthning, pre-1700 streynthning, pre-1700 1700s– strengthening. Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: strengthen v., -ing suffix¹. Etymology: < strengthen v. + -ing suffix¹. With sense 2 compare strengthener n. 1. The action of strengthen v. (in various senses); the fact of being strengthened. Also: an instance of this. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > easiness > aid, help, or assistance > strengthening or confirmation of immaterial things > [noun] strenghinga1400 strengthc1400 affirmance1442 roboration1473 confirmation1520 corroboration1529 fortification1530 strengthening1535 hardening1544 establishment1561 re-enforcement1577 comforting1605 reinforcement1605 consolidation1611 establishing1846 undergirding1868 entrenchment1877 entrenching1950 the world > life > the body > bodily constitution > bodily strength > strengthening > [noun] establishment1561 corroboration1599 confirmation1646 firmament1650 strengthening1660 tone-up1943 1535 Bible (Coverdale) 1 Macc. vi. 18 They..sought euer styll to do them harme, for the strengthen ynge of the Heithen. c1595 Capt. Wyatt in G. F. Warner Voy. R. Dudley to W. Indies (1899) 32 This letter..gave..better respect unto themselves for the strengthninge of our fortification. 1611 R. Cotgrave Dict. French & Eng. Tongues Consolidation, a consolidation, a strengthening, sound-making. 1660 T. Fuller Mixt Contempl. ii. l. 74 Charles the Second..when a Childe was much troubled with a weaknesse in his Legs, and was appointed to weare Steel-Bootes, for the strengthning of them. 1723 E. Chambers tr. S. Le Clerc Treat. Archit. I. 23 The greater Solidity, and the further strengthning of the Building. 1779 Town & Country Mag. Feb. 99/2 This work..was not sufficient to resist heavy artillery, and it was, by no means, of a sufficient extent for any other purpose than the strengthening of lines. 1834 Westm. Rev. Apr. 301 It would still be..a strengthening of the hands of the subversives, to deny to the mass of the people the means of overcoming them by intelligence instead of force. 1870 J. F. Smith Ewald's Introd. Hebr. Gram. 162 A peculiar strengthening of the two preceding moods is attained by suffixing [etc.]. 1882 S. F. A. Caulfeild & B. C. Saward Dict. Needlework 307 Strengthening..is done by working doubled threads into the heels or toes of stockings. 1934 Social Res. 1 413 Every step forward in this educational process means essentially a strengthening of the critical, anti-authoritarian and anti-totalitarian forces among the people. 1964 L. H. Van Vlack Elements Materials Sci. (ed. 2) xiii. 391 The strengthening of silver by this procedure..is quite effective at low temperatures. 2004 Canad. Yachting Apr. 57/2 Parent experts in the fields of physio and yoga are recruited to put together a ball and yoga class for the young sailors to help with core strengthening and stability. 2. Something that gives strength or support; a source or means of strength. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > easiness > aid, help, or assistance > strengthening or confirmation of immaterial things > [noun] > a source or means of strengthinga1400 confirmator1485 stablishment1533 strengthening1571 strengthener1579 corroborative1601 strength1615 corroboration1670 re-enforcer1832 reinforcer1873 vertebration1884 the world > health and disease > healing > medicines or physic > medicines for specific purpose > restoratives, tonics, or stimulants > [noun] > tonic strengthening1571 strengthener1579 corroborative1601 fortification1655 roborant1661 corroborator1674 corroboratica1704 corroborant1738 bracer1740 tonic1799 invigorant1822 1571 J. Bridges Serm. Paules Crosse 144 If meate be neuer so much a strengthening to the body, if it be not eaten and disgested in the stomack it norisheth not. 1583 A. Golding tr. J. Calvin Serm. on Deuteronomie ii. 10 Is not y^e knowledg of such doctrine an excellent strengthening to vs, when we see that [etc.]? a1627 T. Middleton No Wit (1657) ii. 60 Out flies your moneys for restoratives and strengthnings. 1663 B. Gerbier Counsel to Builders 44 The peeres of Brick or Stone..will..be of a fit width to be a strengthening to the building. 1711 Oliver's Pocket Looking-glass 21 A Sister and Friend in the Bosom of the immediate Heir to the Throne, was such a Strengthning to his present Condition, that he now begun to find himself able to Walk without the help of his first Supporter. 1773 J. Hawkesworth Acct. Voy. Southern Hemisphere III. ii. x. 462 Thwarts..were securely lashed on each side, as a strengthening to the boat. 1852 Ladies' Wreath 395 Sleep had strewn his somniferous flowers freely over me, and truly I needed the strengthening for the work that I shall to-day with cheerful spirit accomplish. 1879 Cassell's Techn. Educator (new ed.) III. 151/1 Such supplementary strengthenings..are, however, not nearly so much required in iron as in wood ships. 1939 Social Forces 18 144/1 All forward looking social work programs should also consider the possibility of what strengthenings and additions of resources might reasonably become available. 1977 New Scientist 7 Apr. 22/1 The British Standards Institution has ‘strongly recommended’ that calcium chloride is no longer used as a quick setting agent for concrete in which metal strengthening is embedded. 2012 D. Theodossopoulos Struct. Design in Building Conservation v. 119 Depending on the accessibility and historic and artistic value of a timber beam, the strengthening can be completely contained within the section. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2015; most recently modified version published online March 2022). strengtheningadj. Brit. /ˈstrɛŋ(k)θ(ə)nɪŋ/, /ˈstrɛŋ(k)θn̩ɪŋ/, U.S. /ˈstrɛŋ(k)θ(ə)nɪŋ/ Forms: 1500s strengtheninge, 1500s strengthenyng, 1600s–1700s strengthning, 1600s– strengthening. Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: strengthen v., -ing suffix². Etymology: < strengthen v. + -ing suffix². 1. a. That gives strength or support; that makes someone or something stronger. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > easiness > aid, help, or assistance > strengthening or confirmation of immaterial things > [adjective] strengthening1571 corroborative1711 substantiativea1834 the world > life > the body > bodily constitution > bodily strength > strengthening > [adjective] strengthening1571 roborating1615 enabling1628 strengthing1672 steeling1849 fortifying1863 1571 W. Fulke Confut. Popishe Libelle f. 42^v The firste..that hadde in reuerence the signe of the Crosse, were the Valentiniane heretikes..whiche thei called Oron crucem confirmatiuam, the strengthenyng Crosse. 1598 A. M. tr. J. Guillemeau Frenche Chirurg. 16/2 Some resolvinge and strengtheninge medicamentes. 1646 P. Bulkley Gospel-covenant iv. 317 Faith is a strengthening grace. 1660 F. Brooke tr. V. Le Blanc World Surveyed 74 They use themselves to very violent exercises,..feeding on strengthning foods onely. 1728 E. Chambers Cycl. Agglutinants, Agglutinantia, in Medicine, a Species of strengthning Remedies. 1786 J. Hunter Treat. Venereal Dis. vi. iv. 377 In such cases I would recommend strengthening diet, and strengthening medicines. 1842 J. C. Loudon Suburban Horticulturist 633 Such a wall..may be made..with stakes to serve as strengthening piers. 1848 J. T. White in tr. Xenophon Κύρου ἀνάβασις ii. iii. §18 Notes 111 Observe here the strengthening force of καί. It..answers to the English and..too. 1883 Cent. Mag. Feb. 633/1 She was wearing six strengthening plasters. 1921 Mariner's Mirror 7 222/1 The fishing boats..all have a strengthening piece of wood fixed on the outside of the boat. 1961 J. Fennell Ivan Great of Moscow v. 109 It was not as a strengthening bond between the two principalities that Elena became known to her contemporaries and to posterity. 2007 LILIPOH Winter 10/2 There are many specific nutrients, herbs, and remedies..that have a wonderful strengthening effect on the immune system. †b. Cards. Of a card or course of play: that strengthens a player's hand. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > entertainment > pastimes > game > card game > card or cards > [adjective] > strengthening one's hand strengthening1834 1834 C. B. Coles Short Whist 21 Queens and knaves are strengthening cards. 1863 Macmillan's Mag. Jan. 205/1 This is called strengthening play: your partner has declared strength in the suit, and you, being numerically weak, play out your best cards..to strengthen his hand, and to aid him in establishing his suit. 1900 ‘J. Doe’ Bridge Man. 73 In leading what you may be pleased to consider a strengthening card, you are opening the very suit which your adversaries are secretly praying that they may be able to establish. 1927 Charleston (W. Va.) Daily Mail 21 Oct. 24/1 The Jack of Diamonds..makes it a good ‘strengthening’ card with which to start. 2. That becomes stronger, growing, increasing. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > quantity > increase in quantity, amount, or degree > [adjective] > increasing in intensity or degree risinga1398 upcreeping1611 acuationa1655 heightening1774 strengthening1794 upswelling1855 exalting1859 intensifying1863 enhancive1889 1794 A. Radcliffe Myst. of Udolpho II. v. 162 Emily..watched the strengthening light spreading upon the ocean. 1811 J. Austen Sense & Sensibility II. v. 74 Elinor..saw at the same time with much concern his continued regard for her sister. She feared it was a strengthening regard. View more context for this quotation 1855 T. T. Lynch Rivulet xlv. 63 All the marvels have begun That wait upon the strengthening sun. 1906 M. Sellers Acts & Ordinances Eastland Co. Introd. p. lxxvi The manifestation of a slowly strengthening feeling in favour of a policy of less general restriction. 1950 W. V. T. Clark Watchful Gods 285 Despite the fog and the strengthening wind, he began to sweat before he was half-way up the slope. 2008 J. Roe Her Brilliant Career ix. 284 Miles was increasingly perturbed by what she took to be heart trouble, not helped by the strengthening conviction that she was wasting her life on dunderheads. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2015; most recently modified version published online June 2022). < n.1535adj.1571
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