bombardn.

Brit.

/ˈbɒmbɑːd/,

/ˈbɒmbəd/,

/ˈbʌmbəd/, U.S.

/ˈbɑmˌbɑrd/

Forms: Middle English–1600s bumbard, 1500s boumbard, Middle English–1800s bombarde, 1500s– bombard.

Etymology: < Old French bombarde ‘a murthering-piece’ (Cotgrave), in medieval Latin bombarda , originally a mechanical engine for throwing large stones (see Du Cange); probably < Latin bombus a humming noise + -arda , feminine form of Romance suffix -ard suffix.

I. Senses relating ot cannons or bombarding shot.

a. The earliest kind of cannon, usually throwing a stone ball or a very large shot.

ΘΚΠ

society > armed hostility > military equipment > weapon > device for discharging missiles > firearm > piece of artillery > [noun] > other pieces of ordnance

bombardc1430

ribaudequin1443

stock-gun1465

seven sistersa1529

chamber1540

bastard1545

chamber piece1547

volger1548

dogc1550

battardc1565

long shot1595

quarter piece1625

pelican1639

monkey1650

spirol1653

stock-fowler1669

saltamartino1684

smeriglio1688

botcarda1700

carriage gun1723

Lancaster1857

Armstrong1860

wire gun1860

Columbiad1861

Parrott1861

wedge-gun1876

truck-gun1883

motor cannon1889

Black Maria1914

Jack Johnson1914

supergun1915

flak1938

c1430 J. Lydgate tr. Bochas Fall of Princes (1544) i. iii. 6 a That none engine may thereto attayne, Gonne, nor bumbard by no subtiltie.

1481 W. Caxton tr. Hist. Reynard Fox (1970) 55 All them that ben archers and haue bowes, gonnes bombardes..to besiege maleperduys.

1523 Ld. Berners tr. J. Froissart Cronycles I. cxliv. 172 Fortyfied with springalles, bombardes, bowes, and other artillary.

1573 Sege Edinb. Cast. in J. G. Dalyell Scotish Poems 16th Cent. (1801) II. 290 The bumbard stanis directit fell sa euin.

1623 H. Cockeram Eng. Dict. Bombards, great guns.

1664 Floddan Field iii. 22 With Bombard shot the walls he bet.

1869 C. Boutell tr. J. P. Lacombe Arms & Armour xi. 219 Towards the end of the 14th century we find that pieces called bombardes were in existence, which threw balls of stone weighing as much as 200 lbs... These heavy bombards proved to be of very little practical use.

†b. transferred. The ball or stone thrown by a bombard. Obsolete. rare.

ΘΚΠ

society > armed hostility > military equipment > weapon > missile > ammunition for firearms > [noun] > bullet or ball > cannonball

stone of iron1511

bullet1557

bombard1575

round shot1576

cannonball1606

pill1618

shot1622

bumbass1663

round1707

thunder-stone1822

bolt1871

nigger baby1872

1575 T. Churchyard 1st Pt. Chippes f. 97 A kind of shot, that we great bombards call..And whear that hueg, and mighty stoen did fall..it did great wonders breed.

†c. Bombarding volley, shot. Obsolete. rare.

ΘΚΠ

society > armed hostility > military equipment > operation and use of weapons > action of propelling missile > discharge of firearms > management of artillery > [noun] > bombardment

battery1548

cannonade1562

cannonading1637

bombarding1687

bomb battery1695

bombardment1702

cannon fire1725

bombard1807

shelling1860

hate1915

barrage1916

box barrage1916

creeping barrage1916

area bombardment1918

area shoot1919

shoot1941

stonk1944

1807 J. Barlow Columbiad vii. 255 Then bids the battering floats his labors crown, And pour their bombard on the shuddering town.

2. A bomb-vessel or bomb-ketch; = bomb n. 4.

ΘΚΠ

society > travel > travel by water > vessel, ship, or boat > war vessel > [noun] > gunboat > bomb-vessel

bombardier1686

bomb-ketch1693

bomb-vessel1693

palander1693

bomb-ship1695

bomb1704

bomb-galliot1715

bombard1799

bombardier-galliot1807

bombarder1866

galliot1867

1799 Ld. Nelson in Dispatches & Lett. (1845) IV. 65 Buonaparte has passed Corsica in a Bombard, steering for France.

1812 Examiner 23 Nov. 740/1 The vessels captured consisted of a bombard, a lugger, 3 feluccas.

1860 Earl Dundonald Autobiogr. Seaman I. v. 99 A French bombard bore up, hoisting the national colours.

†3.

a. A leather jug or bottle for liquor; a blackjack. Probably from some resemblance to the early cannons. Obsolete exc. Historical.

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > drink > containers for drink > [noun] > bottle > for liquor

bombard1598

ingestar1611

flask1693

champagne bottle1772

magnum bonum1785

magnum1788

jeroboam1816

rehoboam1841

imperial1858

hock-bottle1892

Nebuchadnezzar1913

nip bottle1915

Balthazar1935

Methuselah1935

Salmanazar1935

miniature1939

1598 W. Shakespeare Henry IV, Pt. 1 ii. v. 456 That huge bombard of sacke.

a1616 W. Shakespeare Tempest (1623) ii. ii. 21 Like a foule bumbard that would shed his licquor.

1635 T. Heywood Philocothonista 45 The great black Iacks and bombards at the Court, which, when the French-men first saw, they reported..that the English-men used to drinke out of their Bootes.

†b. figurative. A toper. Obsolete. See also bumbard n. and adj.

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > drink > thirst > excess in drinking > [noun] > one who drinks to excess

houndOE

drinkerc1200

keach-cup?c1225

gulchcupa1250

bollerc1320

taverner1340

ale stake?1515

wine-bibber1535

bibber1536

swill-bowl1542

malt-wormc1550

rinse-pitcher1552

bibblera1556

ale knight1556

tosspot1568

ring-pigger1570

troll-the-bowl1575

malt-bug1577

gossip-pint-pot1580

black pot1582

alehouse knight1583

worrier1584

suck-spigot1585

bezzle1592

bezzlera1593

cup-leech1593

soaker1593

carouser1596

barley-cap1598

swiller1598

rob-pot1599

Philistine1600

sponge1600

wine-knight1601

fill-knaga1605

reel-pot1604

faithful1609

fill-pot1609

bouser1611

spigot-sucker1611

suck-pint1611

whip-can1611

bib-all-night1612

afternoon man1615

potling1616

Bacchanalian1617

bombard1617

pot-shot1617

potisuge1620

trougha1625

tumbrila1625

borachioa1627

pot-leech1630

kill-pota1637

biberon1637

bang-pitcher1639

son of Bacchusc1640

shuffler1642

suck-bottlea1652

swill-pot1653

poter1657

potatora1660

old soaker1665

fuddle cap1666

old toast1668

bubber1669

toper1673

ale-toast1691

Bacchant1699

fuddler1699

swill-belly1699

tickle-pitcher1699

whetter1709

draughtsmanc1720

bender1728

drammer1740

dram-drinker1744

drammist1756

rum-bud1805

siper1805

Bacchanal1812

boozera1819

rum-sucker1819

soak1820

imp of the spigot1821

polyposist1821

wineskin1821

sack-guzzler1823

sitfast1828

swill-flagon1829

cup-man1834

swiper1836

Lushington1851

lushing-man1859

bloat1860

pottle pot1860

tipsificator1873

tipsifier1873

pegger1874

swizzler1876

bibulant1883

toss-cup1883

lusher1895

stew-bum1902

shicker1906

stiff1907

souse1915

booze-hound1926

stumblebum1932

tanker1932

lush-hound1935

lushy1944

lush-head1945

binge drinker1946

pisshead1946

hophead1948

1617 J. Taylor Three Weekes Obseruations sig. C1 This bezzeling Bombards longitude, latitude, altitude, and crassitude.

†II. Musical senses.

a. A deep-toned wooden musical instrument of the bassoon family. Obsolete. Also bombardo n.

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > the arts > music > musical instrument > wind instrument > woodwind instruments > [noun] > reed instrument > bassoon-like instruments

bombard1393

curtal1582

sordun1876

pommer1878

dulcian1891

sordume1955

bombardo-

1393 J. Gower Confessio Amantis III. 358 Suche a soune Of bombarde and of clarioune.

?c1475 Sqr. lowe Degre 1072 With pypes, organs and bumbarde.

1878 Statham in Grove Dict. Music I. 151 A class of instruments named bombards, pommers, or brummers..seems to have been the immediate predecessor of the bassoon.

b. [Also in French form.] A foot reed-stop of an organ.

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > the arts > music > musical instrument > keyboard instrument > organ > [noun] > stop > reed-stop > specific

regal1555

curtal1582

trumpet1659

cremona1660

cromorne1694

hautboyc1700

horn1722

serpent1730

dulcian1773

zinke1773

trumpet stop1795

musette1825

fagotto1832

oboe1834

trombone1837

physharmonica1838

cornopean1840

ophicleide1842

posaune1843

button regal1852

shawm1852

vox angelica1852

busaun1855

bombardon1856

tuba1858

bombard1876

clarinet1876

rackett1876

tenoroon1876

clarionet1880

krummhorn1880

1876 in J. Stainer & W. A. Barrett Dict. Musical Terms

1884 Encycl. Brit. XVII. 833/1 32 contra trombone, posaune, bombarde, sackbut (reed).

Compounds

† bombard-man n. Obsolete a servant who carried out liquor to customers, a pot-boy.

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > drink > providing or serving drink > [noun] > serving liquor > tapster or barmaid

tapsterc1000

drawer1379

wine-drawer1415

birlerc1440

shenkerc1440

trayer1473

tranter1500

skinker1575

lick-spigot1599

shot-shark1600

runner1601

skink1603

Hebe1606

Ganymede1608

squire of the gimlet1611

skinkard1615

bombard-man1616

bar-boy1631

faucet1631

tapstress1631

potman1652

barmaida1658

pot-boyc1662

tavern-drawer1709

tavern-boy1796

pot-girl1797

tap-boy1801

knight of the spigot1821

pewter-carrier1834

bartender1836

tap-waiter1836

barman1837

beer-boy1841

mixologist1856

bar-girl1857

mixer1858

gin slinger1871

swamper1907

tap-man1907

pot-woman1918

bar-staff1965

bar-person1976

1616 B. Jonson Love Restored 104 in Wks. I A bombard man, that brought bouge for a Countrie Ladie or two, that fainted.

† bombard-phrase n. [translation of Latin ampulla] Obsolete inflated language, bombast.

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > the arts > literature > style of language or writing > ornateness > [noun] > inflated or bombastic style > bombast

thundering1564

bombast1589

fustiana1593

taratantara1599

bombard-phrasea1637

heroics1638

bombacea1661

rant1662

Lexiphanicism1767

streperosity1772

puff1821

taffeta1821

polyphloisboioism1823

flabbergast1831

highfalutin1847

highfalutination1858

carmagnole1860

Barnumism1862

ballyhoo1901

a1637 B. Jonson tr. Horace Art of Poetrie 139 in Wks. (1640) III He..must throw by His Bombard-phrase, and foot and half-foot words.

Derivatives

† bombard-like adv. Obsolete rare

ΘΚΠ

society > armed hostility > military equipment > weapon > device for discharging missiles > firearm > piece of artillery > [adverb] > type of artillery

bombard-like1664

1664 Floddan Field vi. 53 Bombard like, did boasts discharge.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1887; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

bombardv.

Brit.

/bɒmˈbɑːd/, U.S.

/bɑmˈbɑrd/

Etymology: < French bombarder (16th cent.) ‘to discharge a bumbard, to batter or murder with bumbards’ (Cotgrave), < bombard , noun: see bombard n. It has no immediate relation to bomb.

†1. intransitive. To fire off bombards or heavy guns. Obsolete (except as absolute use of 2).

ΘΚΠ

society > armed hostility > military equipment > operation and use of weapons > action of propelling missile > discharge of firearms > management of artillery > operate artillery [verb (intransitive)] > discharge artillery > of specific type

bombard1598

pom-pom1900

cough1925

1598 J. Florio Worlde of Wordes Sbombardare, to shoote off peals of guns, to bombard.

1695 London Gaz. No. 3096/3 Colonel Richards, with nine English Bomb Vessels..began to Bombard.]

2. transitive.

a. To batter with shot and shell; to assault with ordnance so as to destroy, disable, or reduce to submission.

ΘΚΠ

society > armed hostility > military equipment > operation and use of weapons > action of propelling missile > discharge of firearms > management of artillery > operate (artillery) [verb (transitive)] > bombard

ding1548

to lay battery to1548

cannon1567

thunder1590

cannonade1637

bombard1686

bomb1694

shell1827

plonk1874

plaster1914

bump1915

labour1915

water1915

barragea1917

paste1942

stonk1944

1686 London Gaz. No. 2211/3 General Caraffa is making Preparations to bombard Agria.

1692 Siege Lymerick 7 We still continued to Batter and Bombard the Town very furiously.

1813 Duke of Wellington Let. 23 Aug. in Dispatches (1838) XI. 33 If the town is to be bombarded, it may as well be done from the sand hills.

1858 J. A. Froude Hist. Eng. (ed. 2) IV. 427 The admiral.. thought they might anchor and bombard the town.

b. figurative. To assail with persistent force or violence.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > harm or detriment > hostile action or attack > make an attack upon [verb (transitive)] > attack with hostile words or measures

fangc1320

hurtlec1374

impugnc1384

weighc1386

to fall upon ——a1398

to start on ——a1398

oppugn?1435

to lay to, untoa1500

onseta1522

wipe1523

to set against ——1542

to fall aboard——1593

aggress1596

to fall foul1602

attack1613

appugn1615

to set upon ——1639

to fall on ——1641

to lay home, hard, hardly to1650

tack1720

bombard1766

savage1796

to pitch into ——1823

to begin upon a personc1825

bulldog1842

to down on (also upon)a1848

to set at ——1849

to start on ——a1851

to start in on1859

set on at or to1862

to let into1872

to go for ——1890

swash1890

slog1891

to get at ——1893

tee1955

1766 W. Falconer Demagogue 24 Where fulminating, rumbling eloquence..bombards the sense.

1853 Parl. Deb. 3rd Ser. 125 1259 Go on year after year bombarding the Lords with this Jew bill.

a1884 M. Pattison Mem. 332 Milton..bombarding Salmasius with foul epithets.

3. Cookery. To stuff (a fillet of veal).

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > food > food manufacture and preparation > preparation for table or cooking > stuffing > stuff [verb (transitive)]

to stop full1342

farcea1400

force?a1400

stuffc1430

marinate1722

bombard1747

truffle1868

1747 H. Glasse Art of Cookery ii. 28 Bombarded Veal.

1769 E. Raffald Experienced Eng. House-keeper iv. 80 Bombarded Veal. Cut the Bone nicely out of a Fillet..then cut the Fillet across..fill one Nick with Force-meat, a second with boiled Spinage..a third with Bread Crumbs..and put it in a deep Pot with a Pint of Water.

1837 B. Disraeli Venetia I. 31 The tempting delicacies of bombarded veal.

4. Physics. To subject to a stream of ions or subatomic particles.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > physics > atomic physics > ion > [verb (transitive)] > subject to stream of ions

bombard1907

the world > matter > physics > atomic physics > particle physics > particle accelerator > accelerate [verb (transitive)] > subject to bombardment

bombard1907

irradiate1963

the world > matter > physics > atomic nucleus > radioactivity > subject to radiation [verb (transitive)]

bombard1932

irradiate1952

1907 J. J. Thomson in London, Edinb. & Dublin Philos. Mag. 6th Ser. 13 562 All gums &c. when bombarded by the rays are liable to give off gas.

1913 Chem. Abstr. 1442 The most abundant supply of these gases was obtained by the process of bombarding with cathode rays metals and other substances.

1932 Discovery May 139/1 The tiny nuclei at the centre of certain light elements were bombarded with the swift massive particles spontaneously ejected by the element polonium.

1941 Ann. Reg. 1940 352 Nishing and others..examined the products obtained by bombarding uranium with fast neutrons.

1969 Times 11 Feb. 12/4 Elements beyond uranium are not known to occur naturally, although several have been prepared in the laboratory by bombarding heavy nuclei with atomic particles in circumstances that encourage fusion.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1887; most recently modified version published online December 2021).

单词	bombard
释义	bombardn. Brit. /ˈbɒmbɑːd/, /ˈbɒmbəd/, /ˈbʌmbəd/, U.S. /ˈbɑmˌbɑrd/ Forms: Middle English–1600s bumbard, 1500s boumbard, Middle English–1800s bombarde, 1500s– bombard. Etymology: < Old French bombarde ‘a murthering-piece’ (Cotgrave), in medieval Latin bombarda , originally a mechanical engine for throwing large stones (see Du Cange); probably < Latin bombus a humming noise + -arda , feminine form of Romance suffix -ard suffix. I. Senses relating ot cannons or bombarding shot. 1. a. The earliest kind of cannon, usually throwing a stone ball or a very large shot. ΘΚΠ society > armed hostility > military equipment > weapon > device for discharging missiles > firearm > piece of artillery > [noun] > other pieces of ordnance bombardc1430 ribaudequin1443 stock-gun1465 seven sistersa1529 chamber1540 bastard1545 chamber piece1547 volger1548 dogc1550 battardc1565 long shot1595 quarter piece1625 pelican1639 monkey1650 spirol1653 stock-fowler1669 saltamartino1684 smeriglio1688 botcarda1700 carriage gun1723 Lancaster1857 Armstrong1860 wire gun1860 Columbiad1861 Parrott1861 wedge-gun1876 truck-gun1883 motor cannon1889 Black Maria1914 Jack Johnson1914 supergun1915 flak1938 c1430 J. Lydgate tr. Bochas Fall of Princes (1544) i. iii. 6 a That none engine may thereto attayne, Gonne, nor bumbard by no subtiltie. 1481 W. Caxton tr. Hist. Reynard Fox (1970) 55 All them that ben archers and haue bowes, gonnes bombardes..to besiege maleperduys. 1523 Ld. Berners tr. J. Froissart Cronycles I. cxliv. 172 Fortyfied with springalles, bombardes, bowes, and other artillary. 1573 Sege Edinb. Cast. in J. G. Dalyell Scotish Poems 16th Cent. (1801) II. 290 The bumbard stanis directit fell sa euin. 1623 H. Cockeram Eng. Dict. Bombards, great guns. 1664 Floddan Field iii. 22 With Bombard shot the walls he bet. 1869 C. Boutell tr. J. P. Lacombe Arms & Armour xi. 219 Towards the end of the 14th century we find that pieces called bombardes were in existence, which threw balls of stone weighing as much as 200 lbs... These heavy bombards proved to be of very little practical use. †b. transferred. The ball or stone thrown by a bombard. Obsolete. rare. ΘΚΠ society > armed hostility > military equipment > weapon > missile > ammunition for firearms > [noun] > bullet or ball > cannonball stone of iron1511 bullet1557 bombard1575 round shot1576 cannonball1606 pill1618 shot1622 bumbass1663 round1707 thunder-stone1822 bolt1871 nigger baby1872 1575 T. Churchyard 1st Pt. Chippes f. 97 A kind of shot, that we great bombards call..And whear that hueg, and mighty stoen did fall..it did great wonders breed. †c. Bombarding volley, shot. Obsolete. rare. ΘΚΠ society > armed hostility > military equipment > operation and use of weapons > action of propelling missile > discharge of firearms > management of artillery > [noun] > bombardment battery1548 cannonade1562 cannonading1637 bombarding1687 bomb battery1695 bombardment1702 cannon fire1725 bombard1807 shelling1860 hate1915 barrage1916 box barrage1916 creeping barrage1916 area bombardment1918 area shoot1919 shoot1941 stonk1944 1807 J. Barlow Columbiad vii. 255 Then bids the battering floats his labors crown, And pour their bombard on the shuddering town. 2. A bomb-vessel or bomb-ketch; = bomb n. 4. ΘΚΠ society > travel > travel by water > vessel, ship, or boat > war vessel > [noun] > gunboat > bomb-vessel bombardier1686 bomb-ketch1693 bomb-vessel1693 palander1693 bomb-ship1695 bomb1704 bomb-galliot1715 bombard1799 bombardier-galliot1807 bombarder1866 galliot1867 1799 Ld. Nelson in Dispatches & Lett. (1845) IV. 65 Buonaparte has passed Corsica in a Bombard, steering for France. 1812 Examiner 23 Nov. 740/1 The vessels captured consisted of a bombard, a lugger, 3 feluccas. 1860 Earl Dundonald Autobiogr. Seaman I. v. 99 A French bombard bore up, hoisting the national colours. †3. a. A leather jug or bottle for liquor; a blackjack. Probably from some resemblance to the early cannons. Obsolete exc. Historical. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > drink > containers for drink > [noun] > bottle > for liquor bombard1598 ingestar1611 flask1693 champagne bottle1772 magnum bonum1785 magnum1788 jeroboam1816 rehoboam1841 imperial1858 hock-bottle1892 Nebuchadnezzar1913 nip bottle1915 Balthazar1935 Methuselah1935 Salmanazar1935 miniature1939 1598 W. Shakespeare Henry IV, Pt. 1 ii. v. 456 That huge bombard of sacke. View more context for this quotation a1616 W. Shakespeare Tempest (1623) ii. ii. 21 Like a foule bumbard that would shed his licquor. 1635 T. Heywood Philocothonista 45 The great black Iacks and bombards at the Court, which, when the French-men first saw, they reported..that the English-men used to drinke out of their Bootes. †b. figurative. A toper. Obsolete. See also bumbard n. and adj. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > drink > thirst > excess in drinking > [noun] > one who drinks to excess houndOE drinkerc1200 keach-cup?c1225 gulchcupa1250 bollerc1320 taverner1340 ale stake?1515 wine-bibber1535 bibber1536 swill-bowl1542 malt-wormc1550 rinse-pitcher1552 bibblera1556 ale knight1556 tosspot1568 ring-pigger1570 troll-the-bowl1575 malt-bug1577 gossip-pint-pot1580 black pot1582 alehouse knight1583 worrier1584 suck-spigot1585 bezzle1592 bezzlera1593 cup-leech1593 soaker1593 carouser1596 barley-cap1598 swiller1598 rob-pot1599 Philistine1600 sponge1600 wine-knight1601 fill-knaga1605 reel-pot1604 faithful1609 fill-pot1609 bouser1611 spigot-sucker1611 suck-pint1611 whip-can1611 bib-all-night1612 afternoon man1615 potling1616 Bacchanalian1617 bombard1617 pot-shot1617 potisuge1620 trougha1625 tumbrila1625 borachioa1627 pot-leech1630 kill-pota1637 biberon1637 bang-pitcher1639 son of Bacchusc1640 shuffler1642 suck-bottlea1652 swill-pot1653 poter1657 potatora1660 old soaker1665 fuddle cap1666 old toast1668 bubber1669 toper1673 ale-toast1691 Bacchant1699 fuddler1699 swill-belly1699 tickle-pitcher1699 whetter1709 draughtsmanc1720 bender1728 drammer1740 dram-drinker1744 drammist1756 rum-bud1805 siper1805 Bacchanal1812 boozera1819 rum-sucker1819 soak1820 imp of the spigot1821 polyposist1821 wineskin1821 sack-guzzler1823 sitfast1828 swill-flagon1829 cup-man1834 swiper1836 Lushington1851 lushing-man1859 bloat1860 pottle pot1860 tipsificator1873 tipsifier1873 pegger1874 swizzler1876 bibulant1883 toss-cup1883 lusher1895 stew-bum1902 shicker1906 stiff1907 souse1915 booze-hound1926 stumblebum1932 tanker1932 lush-hound1935 lushy1944 lush-head1945 binge drinker1946 pisshead1946 hophead1948 1617 J. Taylor Three Weekes Obseruations sig. C1 This bezzeling Bombards longitude, latitude, altitude, and crassitude. †II. Musical senses. 4. a. A deep-toned wooden musical instrument of the bassoon family. Obsolete. Also bombardo n. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > the arts > music > musical instrument > wind instrument > woodwind instruments > [noun] > reed instrument > bassoon-like instruments bombard1393 curtal1582 sordun1876 pommer1878 dulcian1891 sordume1955 bombardo- 1393 J. Gower Confessio Amantis III. 358 Suche a soune Of bombarde and of clarioune. ?c1475 Sqr. lowe Degre 1072 With pypes, organs and bumbarde. 1878 Statham in Grove Dict. Music I. 151 A class of instruments named bombards, pommers, or brummers..seems to have been the immediate predecessor of the bassoon. b. [Also in French form.] A foot reed-stop of an organ. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > the arts > music > musical instrument > keyboard instrument > organ > [noun] > stop > reed-stop > specific regal1555 curtal1582 trumpet1659 cremona1660 cromorne1694 hautboyc1700 horn1722 serpent1730 dulcian1773 zinke1773 trumpet stop1795 musette1825 fagotto1832 oboe1834 trombone1837 physharmonica1838 cornopean1840 ophicleide1842 posaune1843 button regal1852 shawm1852 vox angelica1852 busaun1855 bombardon1856 tuba1858 bombard1876 clarinet1876 rackett1876 tenoroon1876 clarionet1880 krummhorn1880 1876 in J. Stainer & W. A. Barrett Dict. Musical Terms 1884 Encycl. Brit. XVII. 833/1 32 contra trombone, posaune, bombarde, sackbut (reed). Compounds † bombard-man n. Obsolete a servant who carried out liquor to customers, a pot-boy. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > drink > providing or serving drink > [noun] > serving liquor > tapster or barmaid tapsterc1000 drawer1379 wine-drawer1415 birlerc1440 shenkerc1440 trayer1473 tranter1500 skinker1575 lick-spigot1599 shot-shark1600 runner1601 skink1603 Hebe1606 Ganymede1608 squire of the gimlet1611 skinkard1615 bombard-man1616 bar-boy1631 faucet1631 tapstress1631 potman1652 barmaida1658 pot-boyc1662 tavern-drawer1709 tavern-boy1796 pot-girl1797 tap-boy1801 knight of the spigot1821 pewter-carrier1834 bartender1836 tap-waiter1836 barman1837 beer-boy1841 mixologist1856 bar-girl1857 mixer1858 gin slinger1871 swamper1907 tap-man1907 pot-woman1918 bar-staff1965 bar-person1976 1616 B. Jonson Love Restored 104 in Wks. I A bombard man, that brought bouge for a Countrie Ladie or two, that fainted. † bombard-phrase n. [translation of Latin ampulla] Obsolete inflated language, bombast. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > the arts > literature > style of language or writing > ornateness > [noun] > inflated or bombastic style > bombast thundering1564 bombast1589 fustiana1593 taratantara1599 bombard-phrasea1637 heroics1638 bombacea1661 rant1662 Lexiphanicism1767 streperosity1772 puff1821 taffeta1821 polyphloisboioism1823 flabbergast1831 highfalutin1847 highfalutination1858 carmagnole1860 Barnumism1862 ballyhoo1901 a1637 B. Jonson tr. Horace Art of Poetrie 139 in Wks. (1640) III He..must throw by His Bombard-phrase, and foot and half-foot words. Derivatives † bombard-like adv. Obsolete rare ΘΚΠ society > armed hostility > military equipment > weapon > device for discharging missiles > firearm > piece of artillery > [adverb] > type of artillery bombard-like1664 1664 Floddan Field vi. 53 Bombard like, did boasts discharge. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1887; most recently modified version published online June 2022). bombardv. Brit. /bɒmˈbɑːd/, U.S. /bɑmˈbɑrd/ Etymology: < French bombarder (16th cent.) ‘to discharge a bumbard, to batter or murder with bumbards’ (Cotgrave), < bombard , noun: see bombard n. It has no immediate relation to bomb. †1. intransitive. To fire off bombards or heavy guns. Obsolete (except as absolute use of 2). ΘΚΠ society > armed hostility > military equipment > operation and use of weapons > action of propelling missile > discharge of firearms > management of artillery > operate artillery [verb (intransitive)] > discharge artillery > of specific type bombard1598 pom-pom1900 cough1925 1598 J. Florio Worlde of Wordes Sbombardare, to shoote off peals of guns, to bombard. 1695 London Gaz. No. 3096/3 Colonel Richards, with nine English Bomb Vessels..began to Bombard.] 2. transitive. a. To batter with shot and shell; to assault with ordnance so as to destroy, disable, or reduce to submission. ΘΚΠ society > armed hostility > military equipment > operation and use of weapons > action of propelling missile > discharge of firearms > management of artillery > operate (artillery) [verb (transitive)] > bombard ding1548 to lay battery to1548 cannon1567 thunder1590 cannonade1637 bombard1686 bomb1694 shell1827 plonk1874 plaster1914 bump1915 labour1915 water1915 barragea1917 paste1942 stonk1944 1686 London Gaz. No. 2211/3 General Caraffa is making Preparations to bombard Agria. 1692 Siege Lymerick 7 We still continued to Batter and Bombard the Town very furiously. 1813 Duke of Wellington Let. 23 Aug. in Dispatches (1838) XI. 33 If the town is to be bombarded, it may as well be done from the sand hills. 1858 J. A. Froude Hist. Eng. (ed. 2) IV. 427 The admiral.. thought they might anchor and bombard the town. b. figurative. To assail with persistent force or violence. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > harm or detriment > hostile action or attack > make an attack upon [verb (transitive)] > attack with hostile words or measures fangc1320 hurtlec1374 impugnc1384 weighc1386 to fall upon ——a1398 to start on ——a1398 oppugn?1435 to lay to, untoa1500 onseta1522 wipe1523 to set against ——1542 to fall aboard——1593 aggress1596 to fall foul1602 attack1613 appugn1615 to set upon ——1639 to fall on ——1641 to lay home, hard, hardly to1650 tack1720 bombard1766 savage1796 to pitch into ——1823 to begin upon a personc1825 bulldog1842 to down on (also upon)a1848 to set at ——1849 to start on ——a1851 to start in on1859 set on at or to1862 to let into1872 to go for ——1890 swash1890 slog1891 to get at ——1893 tee1955 1766 W. Falconer Demagogue 24 Where fulminating, rumbling eloquence..bombards the sense. 1853 Parl. Deb. 3rd Ser. 125 1259 Go on year after year bombarding the Lords with this Jew bill. a1884 M. Pattison Mem. 332 Milton..bombarding Salmasius with foul epithets. 3. Cookery. To stuff (a fillet of veal). ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > food > food manufacture and preparation > preparation for table or cooking > stuffing > stuff [verb (transitive)] to stop full1342 farcea1400 force?a1400 stuffc1430 marinate1722 bombard1747 truffle1868 1747 H. Glasse Art of Cookery ii. 28 Bombarded Veal. 1769 E. Raffald Experienced Eng. House-keeper iv. 80 Bombarded Veal. Cut the Bone nicely out of a Fillet..then cut the Fillet across..fill one Nick with Force-meat, a second with boiled Spinage..a third with Bread Crumbs..and put it in a deep Pot with a Pint of Water. 1837 B. Disraeli Venetia I. 31 The tempting delicacies of bombarded veal. 4. Physics. To subject to a stream of ions or subatomic particles. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > physics > atomic physics > ion > [verb (transitive)] > subject to stream of ions bombard1907 the world > matter > physics > atomic physics > particle physics > particle accelerator > accelerate [verb (transitive)] > subject to bombardment bombard1907 irradiate1963 the world > matter > physics > atomic nucleus > radioactivity > subject to radiation [verb (transitive)] bombard1932 irradiate1952 1907 J. J. Thomson in London, Edinb. & Dublin Philos. Mag. 6th Ser. 13 562 All gums &c. when bombarded by the rays are liable to give off gas. 1913 Chem. Abstr. 1442 The most abundant supply of these gases was obtained by the process of bombarding with cathode rays metals and other substances. 1932 Discovery May 139/1 The tiny nuclei at the centre of certain light elements were bombarded with the swift massive particles spontaneously ejected by the element polonium. 1941 Ann. Reg. 1940 352 Nishing and others..examined the products obtained by bombarding uranium with fast neutrons. 1969 Times 11 Feb. 12/4 Elements beyond uranium are not known to occur naturally, although several have been prepared in the laboratory by bombarding heavy nuclei with atomic particles in circumstances that encourage fusion. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1887; most recently modified version published online December 2021). < n.1393v.1598
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