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单词 suffrage
释义

suffragen.

Brit. /ˈsʌfrɪdʒ/, U.S. /ˈsəfrɪdʒ/
Forms: Middle English souffrage, Middle English–1600s sufferage, Middle English– suffrage, 1500s sofrage, 1600s suff'rage; also Scottish pre-1700 sufferagh, pre-1700 suffraige, pre-1700 suffreige, pre-1700 suffragage (transmission error).
Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from French. Partly a borrowing from Latin. Etymons: French suffrage; Latin suffrāgium.
Etymology: < (i) Middle French suffrage, soufrage (French suffrage ) prayer, intercession, especially for the souls of the dead (late 13th cent. in Old French, earliest in the phrase suffrage d'oroison ), vote, act of voting (late 14th cent.), help, support, assistance (late 14th cent.), and its etymon (ii) classical Latin suffrāgium vote cast in an assembly, expression of approval, action of voting, right of voting, decision reached by voting, favourable influence, help, in post-classical Latin also prayer, intercession (9th cent.; frequently from 12th cent. in British sources) < suffrāgārī suffragate v. + -ium (see -y suffix4). Compare earlier suffragy n.Compare Catalan sufragi, Italian suffragio (both 14th cent.), Old Occitan sufratge, Spanish sufragio, Portuguese sufrágio (all 15th cent.).
I. Christian Church. Senses relating to petition, prayer, and intercession, and related senses.
1.
a. In plural: a series of liturgical commemorations of, and pleas for intercession from, particular saints, typically said at the end of one of the daily offices, or incorporated into a book of hours. Also in singular: a commemoration of this kind. Now historical.
ΘΚΠ
society > faith > worship > liturgical year > feast, festival > [noun] > of saint
commemorationa1400
suffragesa1400
saint's daya1450
memorial?1471
feast1559
memoration1563
name day1721
fête1805
Hallow-daya1825
calendar-day1847
fête day1877
slava1900
a1400 Ancrene Riwle (Pepys) (1976) 8 On niȝth oiþer in þe Mornynge after þe suffrages [?c1225 Cleo. suffragies] seiþ þe commendacioun.
1768 Laity's Directory 4 The, Suffrages, or Common Commemorations, of our Blessed Lady, of SS. Peter and Paul, of the Patron Saint, and the Prayer for Peace, are recited after the..Prayers for the Day, in the Vespers of all Sundays and other Days that are not Doubles, or [etc.].
1851 Battersby's Reg. 17 Com. of the Cross shows that in Ferial Offices the Commemoration of the Cross is recited before the suffrages of Saints. In Paschal times the Com. of the Cross is made instead of the Common Suffrages.
1990 J. P. Getty Museum Jrnl. 18 75/2 The manuscript includes a suffrage of Saint Onuphrius, the patron saint of weavers.
b. In plural. Liturgical petitions; a series of these; spec. (a) the intercessory prayers for particular people, causes, etc., spoken by the priest in the Litany, to each of which the congregation responds with a short petitionary formula such as ‘Lord, hear our prayer’; (b) a set of paired supplicatory verses or sentences (often taken from a psalm) said or sung alternately by the priest and congregation; a sequence of versicles and responses. Also occasionally in singular: one of these petitions. Now rare or historical.In spec. senses, chiefly with reference to the liturgical forms of the Anglican Church.Sometimes used to refer to the initial petition or versicle spoken by the priest, or a response from the congregation (see quots. 1657, 1883).
ΘΚΠ
society > faith > worship > parts of service > collect > [noun]
precesOE
bidding prayerc1175
collect?c1225
suffrage(s) of prayer(s)?a1425
suffragec1450
intercession?a1513
suffrages1532
church collect1624
interparling1647
bid-prayer1691
1532 T. Elyot Let. in Bk. named Gouernour (1880) I. Introd. p. lxxix [In Germany] the Preest [at mass] in vestmentes after oure manner singith everi thing in Latine as we use, omitting suffrages.
1549 Bk. Common Prayer (STC 16267) Euensong f. vv Then the suffrages before assigned at Matins.
1587 W. Harrison Hist. Descr. Iland Brit. (new ed.) ii. i. 138/1 in Holinshed's Chron. (new ed.) I After morning praier also we haue the letanie and suffrages.
1657 A. Sparrow Rationale Bk. Common Prayer (new ed.) 95 Forms of prayers..where the peoples devotion is so often excited..by continual Suffrages, such as Good Lord deliver us; We beseech thee to hear us good Lord.
?1697 J. Lewis Mem. Duke of Glocester (1789) 78 He..would answer very properly at prayers, in the Suffrages and different parts of the Liturgy.
1701 J. Norris Ess. Ideal World I. ii. 35 This great and solemn suffrage of the adorable Trinity, Let us make man.
a1796 S. Pegge Anonymiana (1809) 145 Tu autem..is the beginning of the suffrage, which was supposed to follow the reading of the Scripture, which the reading scholar was to continue, by saying, Miserere mei, Domine.
1855 F. Procter Hist. Bk. Common Prayer 255 After the suffrage for the Church, those for the ecclesiastical orders usually come first.
1883 P. Schaff et al. Relig. Encycl. II. 1327 A brief litany, in which the people continually respond to the various suffrages, ‘Lord, have mercy upon us’.
1885 Pall Mall Gaz. 23 May 7/2 Installation of the Dean of Gloucester... The Bishop then said some suffrages.
1945 Times 10 Oct. 7/4 The Te Deum was sung, and the Dean said the suffrages, to which the choir answered.
2011 B. Cummings in Bk. Common Prayer Explan. Notes 718 [The 1549 edition of the Book of Common Prayer] follows the form of the Sarum rite..in the suffrages.
2.
a. As a mass noun or in plural. Spiritual help, benefit, or favour, esp. that offered as or granted in response to intercessory prayers, typically for the souls of the dead. In early use often in suffrage(s) of prayer(s). Cf. sense 2b. Now chiefly historical. [Compare post-classical Latin orationis suffragium (11th cent.), Old French suffrages d'oroisons, Middle French suffrage d'oraison (late 13th cent.).]
ΘΚΠ
society > faith > worship > parts of service > collect > [noun]
precesOE
bidding prayerc1175
collect?c1225
suffrage(s) of prayer(s)?a1425
suffragec1450
intercession?a1513
suffrages1532
church collect1624
interparling1647
bid-prayer1691
?a1425 (a1415) Lanterne of Liȝt (Harl.) (1917) 61 Summe seyn, ‘haue here þis money & good sire preie for me’; Summe maken lettris..to selle alle her suffragis.
1447 in H. Anstey Epistolae Academicae Oxon. (1898) I. 261 We commend us unto ȝowr goode lordschipe wt the gostly suffrages of oure prayers.
?1531 R. Whitford Notable Lesson (new ed.) sig. B Pray for all them that haue greatest paynes in purgatory, and leste helpe here by ye suffrage of prayers.
1613 in Miscellanea (Catholic Rec. Soc.) (1914) 9 34 We humbly request the Suffrages of your Devout Prayers of Charity.
1700 W. Seton Interest Scotl. 84 Purgatory was invented to make separat Souls a Merchandable Commoditie, and the Invocation of Saints, to increase the Authority of the Clergy, who, by their Suffrage, could advance any Body they pleased, to the Court of Heaven.
1855 J. Wyse Man. Confraternity La Salette 70 The Church on earth..offers up these merits [of Christ and His saints] to God as her ‘suffrage’, if He would please to accept it, for the souls in purgatory.
1911 Catholic Encycl. XII. 590/2 [Abuses following from errors include] denying the Viaticum to dying children.., thereby depriving them of the suffrages of the Church, to which they were entitled.
2016 P. C. Almond Afterlife (e-book ed.) iv The indulgence sellers did not hesitate in suggesting that the older modes of suffrage were now redundant.
†b. More generally: help, support, assistance. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > easiness > aid, help, or assistance > [noun]
fultumeOE
help971
succour?c1225
abetc1330
succouringc1330
speedc1340
subsidya1387
rescousc1390
chevisancea1400
juvamentc1400
supply1420
aid1430
favour1434
supplying1436
suffrage1445
availa1450
boteningc1450
succurrancec1450
adjuvancea1460
assistance1495
meeda1500
subventiona1500
suppliancea1500
adjutory?a1513
sistancea1513
adminiculation1531
abetment1533
assisting1553
adjument1576
society1586
aidance1593
opitulation1598
secourse1598
second1605
suppeditation1605
assistency1642
auxiliation1657
adjutancy1665
adjuvancy1677
abettal1834
sustenance1839
constructiveness1882
the world > action or operation > easiness > aid, help, or assistance > [noun] > that which or one who helps or means of help > a helper
helpend971
recurera1382
undertaker1382
bootc1420
profitera1425
suffrage1445
supplier1456
aidant1477
aider1483
adjutor1531
benefactor1532
assistant?1541
servant1562
aid1569
adjument1576
adjuvant1583
familiar1583
adjoint1603
opitulator1624
adjutator1832
1445 in F. B. Bickley Little Red Bk. Bristol (1900) II. 187 (MED) Graunt..thatt..euery mais-tere of Ship..pay att euery viage..to the suffrage and sustentacion of the seide preste and xij poere mariners..iiij d. sterlinges.
a1500 tr. A. Chartier Traité de l'Esperance (Rawl.) (1974) 100 Tary not..on the suffrages of worldely goodis which may not be withholde by the, nor by them thou maist not be susteyned.
a1505 R. Henryson Orpheus & Eurydice 291 in Poems (1981) 141 And had noucht bene throu suffrage of his harp, Wyth scharp pikis he had bene schorne and schent.
1528 Rede me & be nott Wrothe sig. f vi Thorowe his passion, For vs he made satisfaccion, Withoute eny mans suffrage.
1604 R. Cawdrey Table Alphabet. Suffrage,..helpe.
3.
†a. Prayers (esp. of an intercessory nature) or other acts of worship or devotion. Also occasionally (and in earliest use): a prayer or devotion of this kind. Obsolete except in sense 3b.
ΘΚΠ
society > faith > worship > parts of service > collect > [noun]
precesOE
bidding prayerc1175
collect?c1225
suffrage(s) of prayer(s)?a1425
suffragec1450
intercession?a1513
suffrages1532
church collect1624
interparling1647
bid-prayer1691
c1450 (a1400) Orologium Sapientiæ in Anglia (1888) 10 388 Lette hem seye ix pater noster with so many Aues, and do þe forseyde suffrage with a generalle entencyone..& hit sufficith.
a1475 in A. Clark Eng. Reg. Godstow Nunnery (1905) i. 182 In massys, in matyns, in oþer owrys, suffrages, almys, fastynges.
1563 T. Becon Reliques of Rome (rev. ed.) f. 197v The Suffrages and sacrifices of the Masse.
1602 W. Warner Albions Eng. (rev. ed.) xiii. lxxvii. 319 Not tedious Suffrages they ask't, nor Sacrifices strate.
1660 A. Wood Life & Times (1891) I. 345 The chappell being onlie for privat or secret suffrages.
1681 Bp. G. Burnet Hist. Reformation: 2nd Pt. i. 64 That the Sacrifice might bring to them a greater Indulgence, being offered up by the Suffrages of the Saint.
1707 Acct. Gresham-Coll. 27 They will have the Suffrages and Prayers of all good Men of the present Age.
1866 C. Kingsley Hereward the Wake I. i. 40 Of what use to you then the suffrages of the saints?
1904 M. Hewlett Queen's Quair i. viii. 110 The Queen was at prayers—which is more than can be said for the priest who should have lifted up her suffrages.
b. spec. Prayers or other acts of devotion intended to help the soul of a dead person in purgatory. Often in to do suffrage. Also occasionally in singular: a prayer or devotion of this kind. Now rare or historical.
ΘΚΠ
society > faith > worship > prayer > kinds of prayer > [noun] > for departed
suffragy?c1225
suffragec1450
society > faith > worship > prayer > kinds of prayer > [verb (intransitive)] > pray for souls of departed
to do suffragec1450
c1450 Alphabet of Tales (1904) I. 58 He..garte do message & oders prayers & suffrage of halie kurk for hym.
1483 W. Caxton tr. J. de Voragine Golden Legende f. cccxlviii/2 That generalle suffrages temporall myght be done for them.
1521 in R. Renwick Extracts Rec. Stirling (1887) I. 13 Twa markis of obit silver..for sufferagh to be doun for the saullis of wmquhill Allexander lord Elphinstoun and Sir Johen Elphinstoun, his fader.
1584 R. Scot Discouerie Witchcraft xv. xxii. 434 Whose soule art thou?.. Wantest thou anie suffrages, masses, or almes?
1631 G. C. tr. P. Du Moulin Learned Treat. Trad. xxviii. 410 If I were disposed to make a perfect Catalogue of the Romish Traditions, it would bee necessary for me to decipher, and paint forth the infinite diversity of Masses; the Services and Suffrages of the dead; [etc.].
1750 Man. Devout Prayers 30 All Souls, A Day set apart by the Church, for the living to commemorate by Prayers and Suffrages the Souls of the Faithful departed.
1848 K. H. Digby Broad Stone of Honour: Morus (new ed.) 280 Their prayers and suffrages for the dead.
1927 Catholic Hist. Rev. 13 63 We begged all blessings for you and your work, and we offered suffrages for the soul of your much-lamented Dean.
2005 G. W. Dameron Florence & its Church in Age of Dante iv. 164 For many laymen and laywomen.., the distribution of money to the poor and sick and the endowment of postmortem or commemorative masses and suffrages (prayers of the living for the dead) were signs of Christian virtue.
II. Senses relating to voting.
4.
†a. An opinion, judgement, or verdict; a point of view. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > mental capacity > belief > expressed belief, opinion > [noun]
weenc888
doomc900
advicec1300
wonec1300
opiniona1325
sentence1340
sight1362
estimationc1374
witc1374
assent1377
judgementa1393
supposinga1393
mindc1400
reputationc1400
feelingc1425
suffrage1531
counta1535
existimation1535
consent1599
vote1606
deem1609
repute1610
judicaturea1631
estimate1637
measure1650
sentiment1675
account1703
sensation1795
think1835
the world > action or operation > easiness > aid, help, or assistance > support > support or backing > [noun] > vote in support of
suffrage1531
the mind > will > free will > choice or choosing > expression of choice by some approved method > [noun] > a vote > in favour
scrutiny1523
suffrage1531
1531 tr. E. Fox et al. Determinations Moste Famous Vniuersities vii. f. 154 We thiinke it but labour vtterly loste to seke for ayde..of the determinations of the vniuersities,..or of the suffragis and voycis of the greatteste lerned men that be.
1653 in E. Nicholas Nicholas Papers (1892) II. 24 I have herein sent you an Extract of the Substance of that Elector's Suffrage there concerning his Majesty.
1660 H. More Explan. Grand Myst. Godliness To Rdr. ¶26. p. xxv He that is a perfect Papist being of one mind and suffrage with his Church.
1750 S. Johnson Rambler No. 11. ⁋9 He that finds his knowledge narrow,..and by consequence his suffrage not much regarded.
a1817 J. Austen Watsons in Wks. (1954) VI. 332 ‘Oh, Uncle! do look at my partner. She is so pretty!’.. Charles was hurried off without being able to receive his Uncle's suffrage.
b. The collective opinion of a group of people; consensus of opinion; common or general consent.Frequently with modifying word, as common suffrage, general suffrage, universal suffrage, etc.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > language > statement > agreement, concurrence, or unanimity > [noun] > generally accepted or expressed opinion
voicea1393
vox populic1547
common ground1570
suffrage1576
orthodox1619
cry1628
general compact1750
consensus1861
1576 A. Fleming tr. Cicero in Panoplie Epist. 111 Some things there be which of custome I shake off, with a manifest negation, as for example, in this suffrage or voyce of consent.
1611 T. Coryate Crudities sig. Yy7 Mercator.., who by the vniuersall suffrage of all the learned is esteemed the most excellent cosmographer.
1662 P. Gunning Paschal or Lent-Fast 79 The Apostles by their common suffrage sanctified..these 7 weeks of fastings.
1794 R. J. Sulivan View of Nature II. 232 To prefer their own judgment to the general suffrage of mankind.
1882 B. A. Hinsdale Garfield & Educ. ii. 361 He draughted a paper,..and submitted it to the suffrage of the republic of scientific scholars.
1910 W. Boyle Mineral Workers ii. 57 With the suffrage of the ladies on my side, I feel the case decided.
2007 Jrnl. Pacific Hist. 42 367 Samuel Johnson..yielded always to the suffrage of the public.
†c. The reputation of being of a particular character. Obsolete.Apparently an isolated use.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > attention and judgement > esteem > reputation > [noun]
nameeOE
talec1175
fame?c1225
lose1297
creancec1330
stevenc1374
opinionc1384
credencec1390
recorda1393
renowna1400
reputationc1400
reportc1425
regardc1440
esteema1450
noisea1470
reapport1514
estimation1530
savour1535
existimationa1538
countenancea1568
credit1576
standing1579
stair1590
perfumec1595
estimate1597
pass1601
reportage1612
vibration1666
suffrage1667
rep1677
face1834
odour1835
rap1966
1667 E. Waterhouse Short Narr. Fire London 90 She hath the suffrage abroad to be one of the most August..Governments in the world.
5.
a. The collective vote of a group of people, esp. that of a nation's citizens eligible to vote in a political election.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > will > free will > choice or choosing > expression of choice by some approved method > [noun] > a vote > collective vote of a body
voice?a1400
voice1488
suffrage1531
vote1562
block vote1901
1531 T. Elyot Bk. named Gouernour iii. xx. sig. c.viv They wold haue..granted to him to haue ben consul.., nat withstandyng he wolde nat suffre that anye of them shulde be decreed either by the acte of the senate, or by the peoples suffrage.
1611 T. Heywood Golden Age i. sig. Bv I choose it as my right by gift of heauen, The peoples suffrage, the dead Kings bequest.
a1684 J. Evelyn Diary anno 1661 (1955) III. 266 I was now chosen (& nominated by his Majestie for one of that Council) by Suffrage of the rest of the Members, a Fellow of the Philosophic Society.
1776 E. Gibbon Decline & Fall I. xii. 323 The election of a new emperor was referred to the suffrage of the military order.
1823 ‘G. Smith’ Not Paul, but Jesus 221 Philip,..one of the seven trustees, who..had been chosen by universal suffrage.
1963 Mid-America Oct. 248 The greatest test for all nominating methods came on election day when the voters registered their approval or disapproval of the candidates preselected for their suffrage.
2012 @Puffles2010 23 Nov. in twitter.com (O.E.D. Archive) Umm..isn't it the people's suffrage that grants Parliament its sovereignty, not the other way around?
b. A vote given by a member of a body, state, or society, in assent to a proposition or in favour of the election of a person. Also in later use: a vote for or against any question or nomination under consideration.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > will > free will > choice or choosing > expression of choice by some approved method > [noun]
suffragea1535
suffrage1559
suffragation1576
suffraging1614
voicing1618
polling1625
votation1772
voting1826
the mind > will > free will > choice or choosing > expression of choice by some approved method > [noun] > a vote
voicea1325
votec1478
suffragea1535
election1543
verdict1580
tonguea1616
proxy1660
preferendum1970
a1535 T. More Dialoge of Comfort (1553) iii. xxvi. sig. U.viv Euery mannes assent was called hys suffrages,..one kind of those suffrages was by certaine thynges that are in Latine called Calculi.
1594 W. Shakespeare Titus Andronicus i. i. 218 People of Rome, and peoples Tribunes here, I aske your voyces and your suffrages . View more context for this quotation
1651 T. Hobbes Leviathan iii. xlii. 290 The manner of choosing Magistrates..was by plurality of suffrages.
1683 M. Payne tr. Plutarch Life Camillus in J. Dryden et al. tr. Plutarch Lives I. 493 The Tribunes of the people opposed themselves to his threats, solemnly protesting to fine him in 50000 Drachmas of Silver, if he persisted to hinder the people in giving their suffrages for the Law.
a1707 S. Patrick Auto-biogr. (1839) 43 The fellows came up one by one, and in a paper wrote their suffrages.
1848 J. S. Mill Princ. Polit. Econ. I. ii. i. §2 243 A magistrate or magistrates, whom we may suppose elected by the suffrages of the community.
1873 C. Robinson New S. Wales 91 Those whose suffrages are to determine its [i.e. the State's] future should be able to give an intelligent vote.
1910 Punch 5 Oct. 244/1 Untutored and astray, He gave his suffrage to some empty name, Not knowing aught of truth or where it lay.
1999 Presidential Stud. Q. 29 362 The parties offered pledges and platforms of political principles to the people for validation through their suffrages.
†c. An object, as a pebble, marked paper, etc., used to indicate or record a vote. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > will > free will > choice or choosing > expression of choice by some approved method > [noun] > means of signifying choice
suffragea1535
vote1656
a1535 T. More Dialoge of Comfort (1553) iii. xxvi. sig. U.viv Vnto him which ouercommeth, he will geue a white suffrage.
1665 J. Buck in G. Peacock Observ. Statutes Univ. Cambr. (1841) App. B. p. lxxviii The Scrutators..put their suffrages into one of the Hats.
1819 W. Scott Ivanhoe III. vii. 179 The Grand Master had collected the suffrages.
1847 G. Grote Hist. Greece IV. ii. xxxi. 208 The suffrages..consisted of a shell or a potsherd with the name of the person written on it whom each citizen designed to banish.
d. In extended use: a pledge or expression of support, or opinion in favour of a person or thing; endorsement, backing. Now rare.
ΚΠ
1594 1st Pt. Raigne Selimus E The loue I beare to my deare Acomat, Commands me giue my suffrage vnto him.
1612 B. Jonson Alchemist To Rdr. sig. A3 If it were put to the question..the worse would finde more suffrages . View more context for this quotation
1726 E. Fenton in A. Pope et al. tr. Homer Odyssey IV. xix. 181 My anxious parents urge a speedy choice, And to their suffrage gain the filial voice.
1822 J. M. Good Study Med. I. 379 It has not fallen to my lot..to add my suffrage in its favour.
1850 E. P. Whipple Ess. & Rev. (ed. 3) I. 13 He has the hesitating suffrages of men of taste, and the plaudits of the million.
1934 Observer 30 Dec. 20/3 Native prejudice gives my suffrage to Huntingdon over the Aisne or Galway.
6.
a. The action or an act of casting a vote or votes; election by voting.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > will > free will > choice or choosing > expression of choice by some approved method > [noun]
suffragea1535
suffrage1559
suffragation1576
suffraging1614
voicing1618
polling1625
votation1772
voting1826
the mind > will > free will > choice or choosing > expression of choice by some approved method > [noun] > right to vote > exercise of
suffrage1559
1559 J. Aylmer Harborowe sig. I If any [magistrate] were to be chosen by lotte, or suffrage: I would not in dede that any woman should stand in the election, but men only.
1665 T. Manley tr. H. Grotius De Rebus Belgicis 907 They..should have right of suffrage in their Dyets and Assemblies.
1709 J. Strype Ann. Reformation xxix. 299 They went to the Suffrage in the Afternoon, and such of the House as were against the Six Articles..carried it.
1758 J. Adams tr. A. de Ulloa Voy. S.-Amer. II. i. iv. 46 In the former [university] are chairs for all the sciences, and filled by suffrage.
1884 J. R. Lowell On Democracy 12 The right of suffrage is not valued when it is indiscriminately bestowed.
1919 Proc. Acad. Polit. Sci. N.Y. 8 78 Public decisions are just decisions..because the public have been educated to exercise their rights intelligently through suffrage in an expression of their views.
1997 Economist 29 Nov. 81/1 Vigilantes had beaten up a student leader who had boldly called for the spiritual leader to be elected by suffrage.
b. With modifying word forming a noun phrase indicating a system according to which votes are cast or counted. direct suffrage n. a system in which electors vote directly for a candidate or policy without an intermediary representative. equal suffrage n. a system in which one equally-weighted vote is allocated to each voter. representative suffrage n. a system in which a political representative is elected to vote on policy issues on behalf of his or her electors.
ΚΠ
1783 C. Lofft Observ. Dial. State Parl. 29 Let them afterwards vote as individuals on the only fair terms of equal suffrage.
1867 H. Latham Black & White 114 No territories shall be admitted as States in which there is not an equal suffrage of all races and colours.
1890 Forum Dec. 388 It would perhaps be wiser to have recourse to representative suffrage, and to name electors who should choose the deputies.
1927 E. S. Bagger Francis Joseph xv. 376 The so-called curial suffrage, under which four classes of constituents elected deputies on the basis, not of numbers, but of importance: the large landowners, the chambers of commerce, the burgesses of towns, and the rural districts.
1934 Washington Post 3 July 4/3 He urged a revised democracy..in which there would be a weighted suffrage, based on the results of intelligence tests given to the whole population.
2016 Globe & Mail (Canada) (Nexis) 14 Nov. a13 The French elect their president through direct suffrage, not an electoral college.
7.
a. Support, sanction, approval, or affirmation given by a person or group to an option, opinion, etc. Frequently with to.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > attention and judgement > esteem > approval or sanction > [noun]
willOE
allowancec1400
acceptationa1425
allowing1435
approof1439
approving1523
comprobation1529
owning1535
approbation1548
good liking?1560
suffrage1563
acceptance1569
liking1569
pleasure1569
allowment1570
approvance1592
probatum1606
approvement1615
sufferage1622
the light of a person's countenance1649
reception1660
receivedness1661
imprimatur1672
approval1690
sanction1738
go-down1753
rubber stamping1920
1563 Ressoning Crosraguell & Knox Prol. sig. ☞ iiij. And as touching that foolish opinion, that Christ Iesus did offer his body vnto God his Father, vnder the formes of bread & wine..what suffrage that euer it hath by man, of God, nor of his word, it hath none.
a1640 J. Fletcher & P. Massinger Prophetesse ii. ii. in F. Beaumont & J. Fletcher Comedies & Trag. (1647) sig. Dddd4/1 To confirm you gave no suffrage to the damned Plot, lend me your helping hands to wreak the Parricide.
a1652 R. Brome Novella v. i. sig. M, in Five New Playes (1653) Let me beg Your suffrage Lady, I may bid them welcome.
1704 J. Evelyn Diary (1955) V. 583 My L. of Cant: wrot to me for my suffrage for Mr. Clarks continuance..in the Boyle Lecture, which I willingly gave.
1776 E. Topham Lett. from Edinb. vi. 47 This country has long been celebrated for its hospitality to strangers: and I am sure I can, with great truth, add my humble suffrage to this general observation.
1874 H. Rogers Superhuman Origin Bible ii. 80 Those religious systems which happen to have the suffrage of the government.
1969 N. A. Scott Negative Capability v. 138 I should..expect the Christian reader..more enthusiastically to give his suffrage to a literature that was Christianly oriented than to one which was not.
1992 Amer. Speech 67 203 Survival of any usage, old or new, is subject to the suffrage of the mass of people.
b. The support or corroboration of evidence or testimony in favour of something. rare in later use.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > attention and judgement > testing > attestation, witness, evidence > [noun]
i-witnessc888
witshipc900
warranting1303
recordc1330
witnessingc1330
bearingc1400
testificationc1450
certificate1472
certification1532
induction1551
suffrage1563
vouching1574
testifying1585
attestation1598
testation1642
attesting1661
adduction1687
attestment1850
1563 G. Hay Confut. Abbote of Crosraguels Masse f. 27v This your saying, as it is without any testimonie of the Scripture, or suffrage of the antiquitie, so is it moste impudent, and moste easy to be reiected and refelled.
1650 J. Bulwer Anthropometamorphosis 4 In the opinion of Claramontius, the reason of the thing gives a suffrage unto it.
a1677 I. Barrow Wks. (1686) III. 17 Precepts are delivered in an universal and abstracted manner,..without any intervention, assistence, or suffrage of sense.
a1718 W. Penn Tracts in Wks. (1726) I. 570 We herein are not without the Suffrage of the Scriptures to our Defence.
1836 S. T. Bloomfield Ἡ Καινη Διαθηκη: Greek Test. (ed. 2) I. Pref. p. xiv It has been the Author's fortune sometimes to justify and confirm, by the suffrage of antiquity, what had been unjustly distrusted.
1974 A. Martinelli Originat. Double Entry Bookkeeping to 1440 (Ph.D. diss., N. Texas State Univ.) ii. vii. 306 He tried to give a theoretical scheme [of different economic systems] with the suffrage of historical facts.
†c. An expression or token of approval, endorsement, or appreciation; applause, praise. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > attention and judgement > esteem > approval or sanction > [noun] > expression of approval
suffrage1566
vote1608
seal of approval1833
accolade1852
back-pat1894
nod1924
nice one1970
like2009
the mind > attention and judgement > esteem > approval or sanction > commendation or praise > [noun] > an instance, act, or expression of
commendation1535
good words1535
suffrage1566
commend1606
exalt1607
commendatory1641
exaltation1650
back-pat1894
cheerleading1902
rave1926
rap1939
bouquet1955
1566 T. Drant tr. Horace Medicinable Morall sig. E.viv Who would esteme the clappyng of a flocke of luskyshe lobbes..Geue me before a thousande lowtes, And all their lowde suffrage.
1603 R. Knolles Gen. Hist. Turkes 304 Such was the glorie and valour of Huniades..as..procured vnto him the generall fauour and suffrages of all.
1607 E. Topsell Hist. Foure-footed Beastes 470 The man was pardoned, and the lion was giuen vnto him for a reward or suffrage.
1788 T. Taylor Life Proclus in tr. Proclus Philos. & Math. Comm. I. 9 They openly presaged, that this gift..was a future suffrage of his succession confirmed by divine events.
a1824 Ld. Byron Hints from Horace in Wks. (1831) 715/1 Must the bard..Remove whate'er a critic may suspect, To gain the paltry suffrage of ‘correct’?
8.
a. The right to vote as a member of a particular governing or deliberative body or organization. Often with modifying word.
ΚΠ
1585 J. Sharrock tr. C. Ocland Valiant Actes & Victorious Battailes Eng. Nation sig. 4v The prudent troupe of Senatours, their suffrage yealding like.
1609 H. Leech & R. Parsons Dutifull Consider. Proofe Relig. iv. 152 Hauing excluded from Parlamentall suffrage all their Catholicke Bishops, and Clergy men,..they banished Catholick Religion out of the land.
1752 D. Hume Polit. Disc. xii. 288 The protector and two secretaries have session and suffrage in the council of state.
1880 Galveston (Texas) Daily News 19 Mar. The senate today, by a vote of 27 to 17, passed a joint resolution to amend the constitution so as to grant school suffrage to women.
a1979 W. H. Cowley Presidents, Professors & Trustees (1980) vi. 133 The majority of the alumni who took the time to exercise their suffrage in Convocation and Senate stubbornly resisted change.
b. The right, privilege, or responsibility of voting in political elections, esp. for members of a governing body. Also with the.In systems of compulsory suffrage, voting is also considered a legal obligation.In early use and with reference to systems of weighted voting, a right possessed to some extent or degree.
ΘΚΠ
society > authority > office > appointment to office > choosing or fact of being chosen for office > election of representative body by vote > right to vote at elections > [noun]
suffrage1598
franchise1769
voting right1784
1598 tr. W. Goślicki Counsellor i. 34 Some..were onely admitted into the Citie without suffrage, and for honours sake called Citizens.
1661 W. Howell Inst. Gen. Hist. iii. ix. 714 The Tribunes..would have given the suffrage to all Citizens.
1795 Thoughts Inexpediency Meas. Mod. Reformers 29 They propose then, not only to extend the suffrage to every male,..but that these shall poll by ballot.
1819 W. Cobbett Year's Resid. U.S.A. ii. xiv. 274 The suffrage, or qualification of electors, is very various.
1840 T. Arnold Hist. Rome II. 313 The survivors..were obliged to become Roman citizens without suffrage.
1907 ‘B. Villiers’ Case for Women's Suffrage Introd. 18 A grant of the suffrage to women on the same terms as men would only enfranchise a limited number of women.
2016 Business Day (S. Afr.) (Nexis) 3 Mar. The women of Saudi Arabia voted for the first time, making the Vatican City the last state on earth in which women do not enjoy any form of suffrage.
c. With modifying word forming a noun phrase indicating a group of people or proportion of the population to whom the right to vote in political elections is or may be extended. Also in noun phrases indicating the criterion for qualification for the right to vote.adult suffrage, black suffrage, female suffrage, household suffrage, manhood suffrage, negro suffrage, poll suffrage, universal suffrage, women's suffrage, womanhood suffrage, etc.: see the first element.Recorded earliest in universal suffrage n. at universal adj., n., and adv. Compounds.
ΚΠ
1706 D. Defoe Jure Divino v. 3 The Land divided, Right to rule divides, And universal Suffrage then provides.
1851 John Bull 27 Sept. 618/2 Sir Joshua Walmsley addressed the meeting at great length, calling upon them to rouse their energies to the great work of cleansing and renewing the House of Commons by procuring residential suffrage.
1861 Leeds Mercury 7 Mar. 3/2 Resolutions were passed in favour of a working-class suffrage and vote by ballot.
1907 Westm. Rev. Sept. 319 Despite the whittling-away of the money qualification as a basis of electoral franchisement, the principle of property suffrage is only bent, not broken.
1955 E. G. Lewis in A. J. Zurcher Constit. Trends since WWII (ed. 2) iii. 48 The colonies that did not allow natives to vote were adamant in demanding that native suffrage be prohibited everywhere.
2011 Herald (Glasgow) (Nexis) 31 Mar. 3 The UK Government and Westminster remain locked in a dispute with the European Court of Human Rights over the issue of prisoner suffrage.
d. Without modifying word: the right of women to vote in political elections; extension of the elective franchise to women. Now historical.In the United Kingdom, the Representation of the People Act 1918 extended the franchise to women aged 30 and over who met certain property ownership qualifications, and all men over 21 regardless of property ownership. In 1928, the Equal Franchise Act conferred voting rights on all women on equal terms to men.
ΚΠ
1870 Vermont Chron. 26 Feb. 1/3 We reply, Yankee fashion, by asking why, if the majority oppose suffrage, it needs be forced upon them?
1911 C. P. Gilman Suffrage Songs & Verses 21 You may talk of suffrage now with an educated man, And he agrees with all you say, as sweetly as he can: 'T would be better for us all, of course, if womanhood was free; But ‘the women do not want it’—and so it must not be!
1915 How it feels to be Husband of Suffragette 63 All you can do, my brother is to pray—pray fervently—that suffrage may never come.
2007 Organization Amer. Historians Mag. Hist. 21 iii. 47/1 In the West, support for suffrage was intermixed with a variety of seemingly unrelated issues.
e. The campaign dedicated to securing women's right to vote in political elections; the suffragist or suffragette movement or cause. Now historical.
ΚΠ
1912 Woman's Protest May 7/1 It is owing to just such movements as suffrage that motherhood has lost so much of its charm to the young generation of women.
1917 E. W. Tompkins Enlightenment of Paulina xviii. 139 ‘I disapprove of Olive,’ Mrs. Taliaferro said firmly. ‘She is too young to throw herself into suffrage in the way she has done.’
1975 J. H. Butler in S. Gluck Suffragists 108 Suffrage just had one thing to do—to get women and men educated to go out and give women the right to vote.
2006 M. E. Buszek Pin-up Grrrls viii. 316 The first wave [of feminism] had been unified by suffrage.
†9. The ability to exert an influence over a decision, course of action, etc.; political power or control. Chiefly with in. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > will > free will > choice or choosing > expression of choice by some approved method > [noun] > right to vote
vote1569
suffrage1613
1613 T. Fitzherbert Adioynder to Suppl. R. Persons Discuss. ix. 393 Kinges could haue no voyce, or suffrage in the definition of Ecclesiasticall matters.
a1662 P. Heylyn Cyprianus Anglicus (1668) 375 The Covenanters had so laid the Plot, that none but those of their own Party should have Suffrage in it.
1673 R. Allestree Ladies Calling Pref. The Gyneceum has still had a rival suffrage with the Senate.
1795 tr. G. P. L. L. Wächter Sorcerer 35 All for love, is the female maxim; and the senses have a majority of suffrage in the choice of a lover.

Compounds

General attributive, with the sense ‘of or relating to the right to vote in political elections’; spec. in senses 8d and 8e.
ΚΠ
1802 National Intelligencer & Washington Advertiser 10 Dec. (headline) The suffrage bill.
1844 R. Cobden Let. 20 Oct. (2007) I. 371 It is just such an opportunity as the Tories will take advantage of to set up a Chartist or Suffrage candidate to carry off as many as will give them the election.
1914 E. Pankhurst & R. C. Dorr My Own Story ii. 20 The League was preparing a new suffrage bill, the provisions of which I could not possibly approve.
1915 Suffragist 17 July 2/1 On that day every suffragist in this state will be required to call up two men and urge them to vote for the suffrage amendment this fall.
1920 H. Johnston Mrs. Warren's Daughter (U.S. ed.) xvi. 280 I suppose you've been in prison for some Suffrage offence? So has my aunt, for the matter of that.
2018 Yorks. Evening Post (Nexis) 17 Apr. At this election..we mark 100 years since the struggles and sacrifices of the Suffrage movement saw the first women in the UK win the right to vote.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2019; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

† suffragev.

Origin: Either (i) formed within English, by conversion. Or (ii) a borrowing from Latin. Etymons: suffrage n.; Latin suffrāgārī.
Etymology: Either (i) < suffrage n., or (ii) < classical Latin suffrāgārī (see suffragate v.).Compare Old Occitan suffragar to approve, to endorse (15th cent.).
Obsolete.
1. intransitive. To vote in an election or ballot. Also: to agree or side with or against; to give support or endorsement to.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > language > statement > agreement, concurrence, or unanimity > agree with [verb (transitive)]
to go ineOE
cordc1380
consentc1386
covin1393
condescend1477
agree1481
correspond1545
concur1590
to fall in1602
suffrage1614
to hit it1634
colour1639
to take with ——1646
to be with1648
to fall into ——1668
to run in1688
to think with1688
meet1694
coincide1705
to go in1713
to say ditto to1775
to see with ——1802
sympathize1828
the world > action or operation > easiness > aid, help, or assistance > support > support or backing > support, side with, or back [verb (transitive)]
werea1300
to be abouta1400
support?a1439
to go with ——a1475
outbear1530
follow1548
subscribe1560
second1596
suffrage1614
to wait on ——1639
subjoin1810
suffrage1838
the mind > will > free will > choice or choosing > expression of choice by some approved method > express choice [verb (intransitive)] > by some approved means
vote1549
vote1552
name1566
suffrage1614
voice1618
throw1648
poll1678
1614 T. Godwin Romanæ Historiæ Anthologia iii. i. i. 97 Neither children..nor old men..were allowed to suffrage in these assemblies.
1657 R. Tomlinson tr. J. de Renou Medicinal Materials i, in Medicinal Dispensatory sig. Ii2 Many think, that Dodder and Epithyme differ not... Yet Matthiolus will not suffrage herewith.
1657 W. Morice Coena quasi Κοινὴ ix. 93 I never voted for exorbitant Episcopacy, nor should I have ever suffraged against a regulated.
1661 J. Glanvill Vanity of Dogmatizing 179 What he hath of this, was never learnt from his Hypotheses; but forcibly fetch'd in to suffrage to them.
1886 People's Friend (Covington, Indiana) 6 May 1/2 The suffragators went and suffraged as suited themselves without being importuned.
2. transitive. To elect or nominate (a person) by voting. Also: to give support, aid, or endorsement to (a person or thing).
ΘΚΠ
the mind > will > free will > choice or choosing > expression of choice by some approved method > give (a vote) [verb (transitive)] > vote for
to give voice to1566
vote1599
suffragate1637
suffrage1641
voice?1641
the world > action or operation > easiness > aid, help, or assistance > support > support or backing > support, side with, or back [verb (transitive)]
werea1300
to be abouta1400
support?a1439
to go with ——a1475
outbear1530
follow1548
subscribe1560
second1596
suffrage1614
to wait on ——1639
subjoin1810
suffrage1838
1641 J. Milton Of Reformation 73 Their worldly wisedomes are priviledg'd as members of the State in suffraging their Knights, and Burgesses.
1796 W. Cole Contradiction ix. 233 That happiness is, must be most sincere, which is conferred by the hand of virtue, and suffraged (if I may use the expression) by honor!
1838 S. Bellamy Betrayal 17 When the false god call'd Upon her tempest breath to suffrage him.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2019).
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