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单词 surpass
释义

surpassv.

Brit. /səˈpɑːs/, /səˈpas/, /səːˈpɑːs/, /səːˈpas/, U.S. /sərˈpæs/
Etymology: < French surpasser (= obsolete Italian sorpassare ), < sur- = super- prefix 1b + passer to pass adj.
1. transitive. To pass over, go beyond, overstep (a limit): often in figurative context; also, to go beyond (a certain period of time). Obsolete or archaic.
ΘΚΠ
the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > movement over, across, through, or past > [verb (transitive)] > move beyond
passc1300
exceedc1374
passc1400
overshootc1450
outpassa1513
surpass1588
outstart1593
outrepass1645
overrun1703
ungang1768
outrange1871
1588 T. Kyd tr. T. Tasso Housholders Philos. f. 2 The Ryuer..was swoln so high, as it farre surpast the wonted limmits.
1652 C. B. Stapylton tr. Herodian Imperiall Hist. i. 3 Infamous was the Life of Ptolomy, Surpassing bounds of Civill Modesty.
1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost xi. 894 Nor let the Sea Surpass his bounds. View more context for this quotation
1707 E. Ward Wooden World Dissected 82 He cooks by the Hour-Glass..; and will no more surpass one Puncto of Time, than a scrupulous Virtuoso in the Concoction of his Stomach.
1788 V. Knox Winter Evenings II. v. viii. 173 In poetical excellence..he cannot be said to have often surpassed the line of mediocrity.
1799 J. Robertson Gen. View Agric. Perth 237 If they are left to surpass the ordinary period, the succeeding growth suffers.
1839 W. M. Thackeray Legend St. Sophia of Kioff xix Nor cared they to surpass the river's bank.
2.
a. To pass or mount above; to surmount. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > upward movement > ascend (something) [verb (transitive)] > rise above
overstyeOE
overgoc1350
surmountc1374
overspringc1395
overrisea1400
overmounta1425
surpassa1649
top1774
a1649 W. Drummond Wks. (1711) 226 The one flying swift, but low; the other, like the Eagle, surpassing the Clouds.
1769 T. Pennant Brit. Zool. (new ed.) III. iv. 241 Salmon..gain the sources of the Lapland rivers..and surpass the perpendicular falls of Leixslip [etc.].
b. To extend above or beyond. Now rare.
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > extension in space > extend [verb (transitive)] > extend beyond
overreacha1400
surpass1601
outspan1856
overextend1937
overpass1938
1601 P. Holland tr. Pliny Hist. World II. xxvii. i. 269 High mountains also and the cliffes surpassing the verie clouds.
1687 A. Lovell tr. J. de Thévenot Trav. into Levant ii. 80 This frontispiece hath a Minaret on each side which surpass it above three fathom in height.
1852 W. Macgillivray Hist. Brit. Birds V. 474 Tarsus two inches long; wings surpassing the tail by two inches.
1880 Nature 1 Jan. 212 Where mountain masses..surpassed the level of perpetual snow.
3.
a. To go beyond (another) in degree, amount, or quality; to be or do more or better than; to be greater than, to exceed; to be superior to, to excel.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > prosperity > advancement or progress > outdoing or surpassing > outdo or surpass [verb (transitive)]
overstyeOE
overshinec1175
overgoc1225
passc1225
surmountc1369
forpassc1374
overmatcha1375
overpassa1382
to pass overa1393
overcomec1400
outpass?a1425
exceedc1425
precedec1425
superexcelc1429
transcendc1430
precel?a1439
outcut1447
overgrowc1475
to come over ——a1479
excel1493
overleapa1500
vanquish1533
outweigh1534
prevent1540
better1548
preferc1550
outgo1553
surpassa1555
exsuperate1559
cote1566
overtop1567
outrun1575
outstrip1579
outsail1580
overruna1586
pre-excel1587
outbid1589
outbrave1589
out-cote1589
top1590
outmatch1593
outvie1594
superate1595
surbravec1600
oversile1608
over-height1611
overstride1614
outdoa1616
outlustrea1616
outpeera1616
outstrikea1616
outrival1622
antecede1624
out-top1624
antecell1625
out-pitch1627
over-merit1629
outblazea1634
surmatch1636
overdoa1640
overact1643
outact1644
worst1646
overspana1657
outsoar1674
outdazzle1691
to cut down1713
ding1724
to cut out1738
cap1821
by-pass1848
overtower1850
pretergress1851
outray1876
outreach1879
cut1884
outperform1937
outrate1955
one-up1963
the world > relative properties > quantity > greatness of quantity, amount, or degree > be great in quantity, amount, or degree [verb (transitive)] > be greater than in quantity, amount, or degree
surmountc1374
passa1387
exceedc1400
to come over ——a1479
surpassa1555
outstrip1579
top1582
outnumber1598
over-reckona1635
turn1716
overgang1737
overspring1801
rise1838
overvault1851
override1867
better1873
the world > relative properties > quantity > sufficient quantity, amount, or degree > excessive amount or degree > do (something) to excess [verb (transitive)] > exceed or extend beyond
passa1387
surmount1502
surpassa1555
transcend1559
outreacha1568
surreach1606
paragona1616
outsweepa1729
overjump1877
a1555 J. Bradford in J. Strype Eccl. Memorials (1721) III. App. xlv. 127 The natural Love that I beare to my natyve Countrye, surpassing all Daungers that maye Chaunce to my Bodye and Goods.
a1586 Sir P. Sidney Arcadia (1590) i. xiii. sig. I1 Philoclea..muche resembling (though I must say much surpassing) the Ladie Zelmane.
1590 E. Spenser Faerie Queene i. x. sig. K5 This great Citty that does far surpas.
1625 J. Mede Let. 30 July in H. Ellis Orig. Lett. Eng. Hist. (1824) 1st Ser. III. 209 You may see..how much this Plague, for the time and number, surpasses that of 1603.
1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost i. 778 They..who seemd In bigness to surpass Earths Giant Sons. View more context for this quotation
1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost ii. 370 This would surpass Common revenge. View more context for this quotation
a1684 J. Evelyn Diary anno 1645 (1955) II. 392 A villa..surpassing..the most delicious places that my eyes ever beheld.
1802 W. Paley Nat. Theol. xxvi. 543 The gifts of nature always surpass the gifts of fortune.
a1821 J. Keats Hyperion (new ed.) 16 in Misc. Philobiblon Soc. (1856–7) III The Goddess,..Surpassing wan Moneta by the head.
1827 M. Faraday Chem. Manip. v. 164 The silica will be in a state of division far surpassing any which can be obtained merely by mechanical means.
1860 J. Tyndall Glaciers of Alps i. xviii. 133 The heat surpassed anything of the kind I had ever felt.
1874 J. R. Green Short Hist. Eng. People iii. §2. 118 In the rapidity and breadth of his political combinations he far surpassed the statesmen of his time.
b. To exceed (a specified measure, as weight, speed, etc.). rare.
ΘΚΠ
the world > relative properties > quantity > greatness of quantity, amount, or degree > be great in quantity, amount, or degree [verb (transitive)] > be greater than in quantity, amount, or degree > a specific amount, measure, etc.
surpass1591
1591 in J. A. Picton City of Liverpool: Select. Munic. Rec. (1883) I. 83 That anie one townes man..shall..buie anie rendred tallowe not surpassing one cwt of roughe tallowe.
1898 Daily News 21 Sept. 3/1 The Boa was not put to her highest speed, but..she surpassed 24 knots an hour.
c. To go beyond (something done or existing) in action or achievement; to do something that is more or better than.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > prosperity > advancement or progress > outdoing or surpassing > outdo or surpass [verb (transitive)] > surpass what has been done or exists
mendc1330
surpass1593
cap1821
trump1860
to beat out1985
the world > action or operation > prosperity > success > make a success of [verb (transitive)] > achieve more than is expected
surpass1842
overachieve1961
1593 W. Shakespeare Venus & Adonis sig. Ciij When a Painter would surpasse the life, In limming out a well proportioned steed. View more context for this quotation
1728 E. Young Love of Fame: Universal Passion (ed. 2) iii. 120 The plenteous harvest calls me forward still, Till I surpass in length my lawyer's bill.
1841 I. D'Israeli Amenities Lit. I. 281 Johnson surpassed all his preceding labours in his last work.
1842 J. C. Loudon Suburban Horticulturist 249 These seeds not only germinated well, but in rapidity surpassed my expectations.
4. To be beyond the range, reach, or capacity of; to be more than can be attained, achieved, or apprehended by; to be too much or too great for; to transcend.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > prosperity > advancement or progress > outdoing or surpassing > outdo or surpass [verb (transitive)] > go beyond (bounds)
transcenda1340
exceedc1374
overwenda1375
overpassa1382
passc1390
to pass beyond ——1429
outreacha1568
overlash1581
pretergress1583
outrun1589
overslipa1592
surpass1592
to step over ——1599
outstep?1611
outstrip1612
overrun1612
outpass1635
pose1636
over-burst1856
overact1858
overstride1925
1592 Sol. & Pers. iii. i. 101 The least of these surpasse my best desart.
a1616 W. Shakespeare Winter's Tale (1623) iii. i. 2 The Temple much surpassing The common prayse it beares. View more context for this quotation
1642 H. More Ψυχωδια Platonica sig. I7 Not multiplying beings to surpasse Their use.
1671 J. Milton Samson Agonistes 1313 Thy strength they know surpassing human race.
1785 W. Cowper Task vi. 759 Oh scenes surpassing fable, and yet true.
1785 W. Cowper Task iv. 710 His Paradise surpass'd The struggling efforts of my boyish tongue To speak its excellence.
1850 J. McCosh Method Divine Govt. (ed. 2) iv. ii. 486 This surpasses the utmost exertions of human ingenuity.
1861 H. T. Buckle Hist. Civilisation Eng. (1873) II. viii. 504 The poverty and wretchedness of the people surpass all description.
1897 W. E. Gladstone E. Crisis 2 The Armenian massacres have surpassed in their wickedness all modern experience.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1918; most recently modified version published online June 2022).
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