| 单词 | to keep up |
| 释义 | > as lemmasto keep up to keep up 1. transitive. To keep shut up or confined. ΘΚΠ society > authority > subjection > restraint or restraining > restraint depriving of liberty > confinement > confine [verb (transitive)] beloukOE loukOE sparc1175 pena1200 bepen?c1225 pind?c1225 prison?c1225 spearc1300 stopc1315 restraina1325 aclosec1350 forbara1375 reclosea1382 ward1390 enclose1393 locka1400 reclusea1400 pinc1400 sparc1430 hamperc1440 umbecastc1440 murea1450 penda1450 mew?c1450 to shut inc1460 encharter1484 to shut up1490 bara1500 hedge1549 hema1552 impound1562 strain1566 chamber1568 to lock up1568 coop1570 incarcerate1575 cage1577 mew1581 kennel1582 coop1583 encagea1586 pound1589 imprisonc1595 encloister1596 button1598 immure1598 seclude1598 uplock1600 stow1602 confine1603 jail1604 hearse1608 bail1609 hasp1620 cub1621 secure1621 incarcera1653 fasten1658 to keep up1673 nun1753 mope1765 quarantine1804 peg1824 penfold1851 encoop1867 oubliette1884 jigger1887 corral1890 maroon1904 to bang up1950 to lock down1971 a1616 W. Shakespeare Othello (1622) i. ii. 60 Keepe vp your bright swords, for the dew will rust em. 1654 in J. A. Picton City of Liverpool: Select. Munic. Rec. (1883) I. 191 Swyne..ought to bee kept up in their styes. 1673 W. Wycherley Gentleman Dancing-master ii. i Have you kept up my daughter close in my absence? 1737 W. Whiston tr. Josephus Antiq. Jews iv. viii, in tr. Josephus Genuine Wks. 120 If his owner..having known what his nature was..hath not kept him [sc. an ox] up. 1847 Jrnl. Royal Agric. Soc. 8 i. 31 When sheep are kept up in sheds during the winter. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > hiding, concealing from view > keeping from knowledge > keep from knowledge [verb (transitive)] > keep back, not mention heelOE to hold back1535 whust1558 whist1570 to keep in1574 to keep back1612 to keep up1678 1678 R. Cudworth True Intellect. Syst. Universe i. iii. 177 So long as these things are concealed and kept up in Huggermugger. a1715 Bp. G. Burnet Hist. Own Time (1724) I. 406 They..had not sailed, when the Proclamation came down: Yet it was kept up, till they sailed away. 1725 A. Ramsay Gentle Shepherd ii. iii What fowk say of me, Bauldy, let me hear; Keep naithing up. 3. To support, sustain; to prevent from sinking or falling. Also intransitive. To bear up, so as not to break down. to keep the ball up (see ball n.1 Phrases 1). to keep one's wicket up (Cricket): to remain in, to continue one's innings. ΘΚΠ the world > space > relative position > support > [verb (transitive)] to bear upeOE underbearc950 bearOE holdc1000 weighc1200 to hold up1297 upholda1300 sustainc1330 undersetc1330 comforta1382 underbear1382 upbear1390 sustaina1398 upkeepc1412 carrya1425 supporta1425 chargea1500 convey1514 avoke1529 confirm1542 stay1548 to carry up1570 bolster1581 lift1590 upstay1590 atlas1593 sustent1605 statuminatea1628 firm1646 appui1656 establish1664 shoulder1674 to keep up1681 upheave1729 withhold1769 1681 J. Flavell Method of Grace ix. 190 Of great use to keep up the soul above water. 1694 F. Bragge Pract. Disc. Parables xiii. 425 To keep up their spirits. 1801 H. Swinburne in Crts. Europe close last Cent. (1841) II. 299 This ridiculous folly keeps the stocks up. 1868 J. E. T. Rogers Man. Polit. Econ. (1876) ix. 88 The purpose of a trades-union is to keep up the price of labour. 1884 James Lillywhite's Cricketers' Ann. ii. ii. 60 He kept up his wicket until the finish. 1889 J. Masterman Scotts of Bestminster II. xii. 262 But for her sweetness and bravery, I never could have kept up through all this terrible trial. 4. To maintain in a worthy or effective condition; to support; to keep in repair; to keep burning. ΘΚΠ the world > time > change > absence of change, changelessness > maintaining state or condition > maintain [verb (transitive)] > in effective condition to keep up1552 the world > matter > properties of materials > temperature > heat > burning > burn or consume by fire [verb (transitive)] > make a fire > keep fire going foster?c1225 stove1590 to keep in1659 to keep up1840 to keep on1891 1552 R. Huloet Abcedarium Anglico Latinum Kepe vp by cheryshinge, alo, foveo. Kepe vp by maintenaunce, sustento. 1670 Sir S. Crow in 12th Rep. Royal Comm. Hist. MSS (1890) App. v. 15 Findeing that business..a burden..to keepe it upp in that perfection I found and made itt. 1678 Lady Chaworth in 12th Rep. Royal Comm. Hist. MSS (1890) App. v. 51 The King had a mind..to keep up his army and navy till that peace was made. 1701 W. Wotton Hist. Rome vi. 106 The Athenians still kept up regular Professors for all those Sciences. 1840 R. H. Dana Two Years before Mast xxvi. 86 We kept up a small fire, by which we cooked our mussels. 1875 E. A. Freeman Hist. Norman Conquest (ed. 2) III. xii. 173 A causeway which is still in being and which is kept up as a modern road. 5. To maintain, retain, preserve (a quality, state of things, accomplishment, etc.); to keep from deteriorating or disappearing. ΘΚΠ the world > time > change > absence of change, changelessness > maintaining state or condition > maintain [verb (transitive)] i-haldOE sustainc1300 keepc1315 maintainc1390 conservea1425 continuec1460 entertain1490 persevere1502 uphold?1523 containa1538 petrifya1631 conservate1647 to keep on1669 to keep up1670 preserve1677 support1696 fix1712 ossify1800 fossilize1848 1670 T. S. & A. Roberts Adventures Eng. Merchant 51 Orders of Men..that keep up the Honour of Religion amongst them. 1705 J. Addison Remarks Italy 379 Albano keeps up its Credit still for Wine. 1791 Gentleman's Mag. Jan. 20/2 The clergy would, from the calls of their profession..keep up their classical acquirements. 1836 J. Grant Great Metrop. I. ii. 44 They must maintain their dignity; they must keep up appearances. 1884 C. L. Pirkis Judith Wynne I. v. 48 Oughtn't she to have a horse, and keep up her riding? 6. To maintain, continue, go on with (an action or course of action). Esp. in keep it up; spec. to prolong a party, drinking-spree, etc.; to ‘live it up’. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > continuing > continue (an action) [verb (transitive)] i-haldOE to hold fortha1325 sustainc1325 containc1330 continuea1340 maintainc1385 carrya1393 keepc1425 to keep upa1535 to stick by ——1551 to hold on1568 to hold out1595 to carry on1609 subsist1633 to keep at ——1825 society > leisure > social event > a merrymaking or convivial occasion > merrymaking or conviviality > make merry [verb (intransitive)] > prolong a party, drinking spree, etc. keep it up1752 a1535 T. More Hist. Richard III in Wks. (1557) 53/1 For his dissimulacion onelye kepte all that mischyefe vppe. 1711 R. Steele Spectator No. 51. ⁋2 The Difficulty of keeping up a sprightly Dialogue for five Acts together. 1752 J. Millward Let. in M. M. Verney Verney Lett. (1930) II. ii. xxxiv. 250 When they [sc. the Welsh] get in liquor they are very troublesome and noisy. They kept it up all night. 1783 Ann. Reg. 1781 Hist. Europe 16/1 Continual firing..was kept up during the day. 1788 F. Grose Classical Dict. Vulgar Tongue (ed. 2) To keep it up, to prolong a debauch. We kept it up finely last night; metaphor drawn from the game at shuttlecock. 1801 Farmer's Ha' (new ed.) lxiii. 62 Clear-blooded health..flees awa' frae keeping 't up, and midnight riot. 1810 M. van H. Dwight Jrnl. 28 Oct. in Journey to Ohio (1912) 16 The men dress much better—they put on their best cloaths on sunday,..& ‘keep it up’ as they call it. 1837 C. Dickens Pickwick Papers lii. 565 We were keeping it up pretty tolerably at the Stump last night, and I'm rather out of sorts this morning. 1869 E. A. Freeman Hist. Norman Conquest III. xiv. 367 The fight is kept up till night-fall. 1874 L. Troubridge Life amongst Troubridges (1966) 76 There were forty-six people and we kept it up till one... I had several good valses. 1890 Lippincott's Monthly Mag. Jan. 11 He and I have kept up a correspondence. 1958 A. Huxley Let. 11 Jan. (1969) 842 Thank you for your long and very interesting letter—written, too, in the most wonderfully black ink... Keep it up! 7. To cause to remain out of bed. ΘΚΠ the world > physical sensation > sleeping and waking > sleep > bed related to sleep or rest > put in bed or provide a bed for [verb (transitive)] > cause to remain out of bed to keep up1766 1766 O. Goldsmith Vicar of Wakefield I. ix. 87 Well pleased that my little ones were kept up beyond the usual time. 1839 W. M. Thackeray Fatal Boots xii Keeping her up till four o'clock in the morning. 1889 A. Sergeant Luck of House II. xxxvi. 228 I will keep you up no longer, for you look terribly pale and fagged. 8. Printing. To keep (type or matter) standing; also, to use capitals somewhat freely. ΚΠ 1888 C. T. Jacobi Printers' Vocab. 70 9. to keep up to: to prevent from falling below (a level, standard, principle, etc.); to keep informed of. Also intransitive for reflexive. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > knowledge, what is known > have knowledge of [verb (intransitive)] canOE to know of ——c1350 savoura1382 understanda1400 kenc1400 weeta1547 to keep up to1712 to know about ——1761 to be (or get) wise to1896 to wise up1905 to have heard of1907 to be (or get) jerry (on, on to, to)1908 the world > time > change > absence of change, changelessness > maintaining state or condition > maintain [verb (transitive)] > maintain to a level or standard to keep up to1712 the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > knowledge, what is known > have knowledge, know [verb (transitive)] > make or keep informed familiarize1593 to keep up to1889 to put (one) wise (to)1896 to wise up1905 1712 R. Steele Spectator No. 308. ⁋2 My Lady's whole Time and Thoughts are spent in keeping up to the Mode. 1726 G. Leoni tr. L. B. Alberti Archit. I. 46/1 This Strength in the Corners is..only to keep the Wall up to its duty. 1841 Jrnl. Royal Agric. Soc. 2 i. 144 It keeps him better up to his work. 1889 J. Masterman Scotts of Bestminster III. xv. 41 A London correspondent who kept the country-folk up to the doings of the townsfolk. 1890 Universal Rev. Aug. 633 We should keep up to the mark in these matters. 10. intransitive. To continue alongside, keep abreast; to proceed at an equal pace with (literal and figurative). Esp. (originally U.S.) in to keep up (often keeping up) with the Joneses (or Jones's): to strive not to be outdone by one's neighbours; to emulate one's neighbours; also transferred. ΘΚΠ the world > movement > rate of motion > move at specific rate [verb (transitive)] > keep pace with to hold a wayOE to run with ——?c1400 coast1413 endure1588 to keep upa1633 to keep with ——1817 pace1931 the world > relative properties > relationship > equality or equivalence > be or become equal [verb (intransitive)] > rival or vie with strive?c1225 countervailc1525 to hold handc1600 compete1620 to keep upa1633 competition1650 tie1680 to fall over one another1888 the mind > emotion > pride > ostentation > make ostentatious display or show off [verb (intransitive)] > keep up with one's neighbours to keep up (often keeping up) with the Joneses (or Jones's)1913 a1633 G. Herbert Priest to Temple (1652) ii. 5 They are not to be over-submissive and base, but to keep up with the Lord and Lady of the house. 1706 Wooden World Diss. (1708) 35 He tries every Way..to keep up with his Leader. 1890 W. F. Rae Maygrove II. vii. 272 Don't walk so fast..I can hardly keep up with you. 1913 A. R. Momand in Globe (N.Y.) 1 Apr. 16/3 (Comic-strip title) Keeping up with the Joneses—by Pop. 1926 Amer. Speech 1 281 Today most of us live in automobilia, where the automocracy is everlastingly trying to ‘keep up with the Joneses’. 1927 S. Chase & F. J. Schlink Your Money's Worth i. 7 Certain things we buy..to keep up with the Joneses, or happily, to surpass the Joneses. 1933 E. Weekley in Trans. Philol. Soc. 94 This tendency to personify by the use of a familiar name is due to the same psychology which describes the social ambitions of the suburbs as ‘keeping up with the Joneses’. 1952 F. P. Keyes Larry Vincent (1953) xxi. 284 He could not be thankful enough that he did not have a nagging wife, one who insisted on making a show, on ‘keeping up with the Joneses’, as people were beginning to say. 1957 Observer 25 Aug. 7/3 Britain.., always wanting to keep up with the Joneses of the richer South, hankered all the time after white bread only and achieved it one hundred per cent. by the mid-nineteenth century. 1958 Times 8 Nov. 7/2 Keeping up atomically with the Joneses is precisely what the talks were supposed to prevent. 1963 Times 1 Feb. 6/3 Lord Champion said hire-purchase commitments were often entered into through a stupid desire to keep up with the Joneses. This feeling was exploited by doorstep salesmen. 1970 Times 25 May 7/4 We like to keep up with the Joneses and are therefore well disposed to the new definition of democracy. 1971 Times Lit. Suppl. 1393/3 The lesser funerals, of Pooters with Joneses to keep up with, increased in cost, display and competitiveness. ΘΚΠ society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabiting temporarily > [verb (intransitive)] > at the house of another, an inn, etc. gesten?c1225 innc1390 host?c1450 bait1477 to be (or lie) at hosta1500 hostela1500 sojourn1573 to take up1607 guest?1615 to set upa1689 to keep up1704 to put up1706 lodge1749 room1809 hotel1889 dig1914 motel1961 society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabiting a type of place > inhabit type of place [verb (intransitive)] > inhabit house > remain indoors firec1500 to keep one's (or the) house1542 to keep up1704 to settle in1817 1704 Duchess of Marlborough in Buccleuch MSS (Hist. MSS Comm.) (1899) I. 353 I am very sorry to hear Lord Monthermont has had any accident to make him keep up. 1768 L. Sterne Sentimental Journey II. 195 The Voiturin found himself obliged to keep up five miles short of his stage at a little decent kind of an inn. 12. To continue to maintain a friendship or acquaintance; to keep in touch. (Cf. 6.) ΘΚΠ the mind > emotion > love > friendliness > be friendly [verb (intransitive)] > be good friends > maintain friendship or acquaintance to keep up1903 1903 C. Coleridge Life C. M. Yonge iv. 127 She did not seem to be able to keep in personal touch with them... She could not, as we say, ‘keep up’ with them. 1916 E. V. Lucas Vermilion Box xlii. 45 I heard this morning of the death..of two of my oldest friends—Jack Cazalet, who was at school with me, and Sandford Thrale, whom I knew at Oxford. Both went straight into the army, but we had kept up. 1947 ‘N. Shute’ Chequer Board 205 We were all in it together then. We ought to have kept up. 1971 ‘L. Marshall’ Murder's just for Cops xviii. 125 We always kept up—even after I got married. 1971 ‘D. Shannon’ Ringer (1972) i. 20 Mrs. Sneed had known Carolyn..before she got married, five years back, and they had ‘kept up’. to keep up to keep up: see to keep up 1 at keep v. Phrasal verbs 1, to keep up 11 at Phrasal verbs 1 to lie up (= in bed, etc.): see to lie up at lie v.1 Phrasal verbs.extracted from upadv.2< as lemmas |
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