| 单词 | to run to |
| 释义 | > as lemmasto run to —— to run to —— 1. intransitive. a. To lapse or fall to (ruin, decay, etc.); to go to (waste). ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > adversity > suffer (adversity or affliction) [verb (transitive)] > fall into (some adverse condition) > fall to (ruin) to run to ——c1400 c1400 (?c1380) Pearl 26 Þer such rychez to rot is runnen. 1536 T. Starkey Pref. Kynges Hyghnes f. 58 Withoute it the doctrine of Christe shoulde runne to ruyne and decaye. 1570 T. Norton tr. A. Nowell Catechisme 25 b All things would runne to ruine, and fall to nothyng, vnlesse by hys vertue..they were vpholden. 1601 R. Johnson tr. G. Botero Trauellers Breuiat 97 It were to be feared, least..the other part opposite would run to ruine & decay. a1616 W. Shakespeare Henry VI, Pt. 2 (1623) i. iii. 127 The Common-wealth hath dayly run to wrack, The Dolphin hath preuayl'd. 1741 I. Watts Improvem. Mind i. iii. 54 This will secure the Workings of your Soul from running to waste, and..even your looser Moments will turn to happy Account. 1789 H. L. Piozzi Observ. Journey France I. 177 The school..is running to ruin apace. 1856 Leisure Hour 5 419/2 The estate had run to ruin by neglect. 1874 F. C. Burnand My Time xxxiii. 346 His academicals..run to..utter rack and ruin. 1911 Countess E. Martinengo-Cesaresco Outdoor Life Greek & Rom. Poets x. 187 As there was more than he could eat, much lay running to waste. 1955 E. Bowen World of Love i. 22 I'm sick of having Montefort run to ruin; I'm going into this partnership with Fred. 2000 K. Sayer Country Cottages ii. 55 If she were not at home, all would run to rack and ruin. ΘΚΠ society > morality > moral evil > wrong conduct > misconduct (one's life) [verb (transitive)] > fall into (sin or error) fallOE to run to ——1595 1595 J. Stradling tr. J. Lipsius Two Bks. Constancie ii. ix. 81 Chasticement serueth as a bridle, wich hee rayneth fitlie, when he seeth vs running to wickenes. 1621 W. Loe Vox Clamantis 67 If..the people of this our Nation shall runne to exesse of ryot. 1691 J. Cockburn Contin. Hist. Relation Late Gen. Assembly Scotl. 42 As if one could not be witness to a Feast without running to excess. 1794 tr. Prepar. for Death vii. 82 The readiness with which he run to wickedness and ill company. c. gen. To pass or develop into (something).Esp. with negative connotations, as when referring to a change for the worse. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > quantity > sufficient quantity, amount, or degree > excessive amount or degree > do (something) to excess [verb (transitive)] > pass into (some excess) to run to ——1800 1800 A. P. W. Philip Treat. Febrile Dis. II. 416 Inflammation of the viscera..is more liable to run to gangrene. 1850 Tait's Edinb. Mag. Dec. 747/1 His historical sketches have a tendency to run to some exaggeration. 1881 W. Black Beautiful Wretch I. 226 Her kindness..ran to extravagance. 1914 G. C. Pier Temple Treasures Japan 208 The T'ang Dynasty..incorporated the Tartar style, which rather ran to decoration. 1982 E. Wagenknecht Amer. Profile 84 The emphasis upon scandal and sensation..in news reporting itself, running to exaggeration and even fabrication when necessary. 1991 Independent (Nexis) 10 Aug. 27 A pronounced vein of melancholy, often running to outright madness. ΘΚΠ the world > existence and causation > occurrence > [verb (transitive)] ywortheOE fallc1225 atrinec1275 to come upon ——a1300 astart1393 to run to ——c1475 to come by ——1523 mishap1592 to come on ——a1599 tryst1645 arrive1655 c1475 tr. A. Chartier Quadrilogue (Univ. Coll. Oxf.) (1974) 169 Hunger intollerable, whiche rayneth and shall rayne [F. encourt et courra] so bitterly to euery man that [etc.]. a1513 R. Fabyan New Cronycles Eng. & Fraunce (1516) I. ccxxx. f. clii But ye losse ran to they of ye Castell. 1555 in Rep. Royal Comm. Hist. MSS: Var. Coll. (1907) IV. 283 Also the leke paines and penalties shall ronne and be unto all those free Burgesses. ΚΠ 1482 W. Cely Let. 7 May in Cely Lett. (1975) 149 All that [money] schall ryn to the payment off the nexte hallffe yerys wagys. 1525 in W. H. Turner Select. Rec. Oxf. (1880) 55 [Money] to rune and to be ymployde to thuse of the reparacon of the said myllys. 4. intransitive. a. To amount to, be as much as (a specified quantity, length, etc.); to extend in size, weight, etc., to; to come to. Cf. to run up 10 at Phrasal verbs 1. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > quantity > amount to a quantity or amount [verb (transitive)] waxc1330 amountc1350 amount1399 to make up1504 to run to ——1528 to make out1535 sum1609 amound1642 tella1794 size1917 the world > space > extension in space > extend [verb (transitive)] > extend to containc1374 to run to ——1528 comprise?1541 environ1596 the world > relative properties > number > enumeration, reckoning, or calculation > enumerate, reckon, or calculate [verb (intransitive)] > amount or be equal to goeOE risec1175 amount1399 mountc1400 to come to ——?a1425 draw1425 reach1431 to run to ——1528 surmount1551 to come unto ——1562 arise1594 to equivalize account1647 tell1671 sum1721 reckon1783 count1819 number1842 to add up1850 to add up to1853 to work out1867 total1880 to tot up1882 1528–30 tr. T. Littleton Tenures (new ed.) f. viiiv If escuage renne by auctoryte of parlement to any somme of money. a1616 W. Shakespeare Julius Caesar (1623) ii. i. 31 Fashion it thus; that what he is, augmented, Would runne to these, and these extremities. View more context for this quotation 1749 Scots Mag. Oct. 487/1 A black, moist, and spungy soil, which runs to four, five, or more feet deep. 1789 G. White Nat. Hist. Selborne 3 Our wells, at an average, run to about sixty-three feet. 1850 Jrnl. Royal Agric. Soc. 11 i. 143 The average number..will run to about a sheep to an acre. 1879 Encycl. Brit. IX. 645/1 The morality [play] might run to at least 1000 verses. 1892 Sat. Rev. 7 May 554/1 The Supplement will run to eight or nine numbers. 1954 Economist 31 July 366/1 The Bill..will run to about 900 printed pages, the longest on record. 1964 G. Vidal Julian (1965) i. 15 The estimated cost will run to eighty gold solidi. 1992 In-Fisherman Feb. 29/2 Walleyes are plentiful and range up to 14 pounds; perch run to 2 pounds; and ling run to 5. 2005 Times Lit. Suppl. 29 Apr. 24/1 A complete edition of Strachey's letters would apparently run to about six volumes. b. In non-physical senses: to be sufficiently broad, comprehensive, etc., to include or embrace (something). ΚΠ 1689 tr. G. B. Primi-Ammonio Acct. Private League Charles II. & French King 5 The Priviledge ran as well to the printing it in Italian as French. 1709 J. Reynolds Death's Vision 35 The subtlety of Matter outreaches the Comprehension of the Mind, altho' it shou'd not run to such Extream Minutenesses, as are there represented. 1841 J. F. Cooper Deerslayer II. ii. 40 A white man's gifts don't run to boasting and singing under torment, for he generally feels smallest when he suffers most. 1914 G. B. Shaw Parents & Children in Misalliance p. xi The something unpleasant may be only a look of suffering..or it may run to forcible expulsion from the room. 2007 Economist (Nexis) 28 July Mutual obligations in communities run even to organising funerals. c. Esp. with reference to taste or fashion: to have or show a preference for or tendency towards (something); to favour. ΘΚΠ the mind > will > wish or inclination > be disposed or inclined to [verb (transitive)] > be favourably inclined to reckOE keep1297 to list ofa1300 to have, take a fancy for, to1465 lean1530 fantasy1548 to run upon ——1550 mind1648 to run to ——1809 whim1842 1809 Monthly Mirror Mar. 132 This taste runs to the fine arts in general. 1864 Daily Evening Bull. (San Francisco) 20 Aug. 3/1 Our wedding presents..ran mostly to Illustrated Byrons, papier-maché knives, and cut glass butter coolers. 1896 ‘M. Twain’ in Harper's Mag. Aug. 346/2 In my nature I have always run to pie, whilst in his nature he has always run to mystery. 1918 Printers' Ink 19 Dec. 136/1 In dry goods he runs mostly to the manufactured specialty lines. 1967 ‘S. Woods’ And shame Devil 222 He was brilliantly attired in crimson pyjamas... Who would have thought his taste would run to the exotic? 2008 New Yorker 17 Nov. 36/3 If your home decoration tastes run to Wiener Werkstätte or Scandinavian design, you're in luck. d. Originally British colloquial. To be up to the demands or requirements of; esp. to be capable of purchasing, to be able to afford. Also with the money, resources, etc., as subject. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > ability > be capable of [verb (transitive)] suffice1390 to run to ——1859 the world > relative properties > quantity > sufficient quantity, amount, or degree > be sufficient for [verb (transitive)] > of money or payment to stand for ——1389 to run to ——1859 1859 J. C. Hotten Dict. Slang 84 ‘I don't run to it,’ i.e. I can't do it,..or I have not money enough. 1861 H. Mayhew London Labour (new ed.) III. 104/1 A fellow must be no good if he doesn't pay for the third [bottle] when it comes, and the day's money don't run to it, and you're in a hole. 1888 J. McCarthy & R. C. Praed Ladies' Gallery I. vi. 145 The Unknown's cheque wouldn't have run to that landau and pair. 1892 St. James's Gaz. 8 Feb. 5/2 On week-days workmen..do not run to more than fourpenny ale. 1900 P. White West End v. 40 I always had an idea that the guv'nor had some money, but I didn't imagine it would ‘run’ to this. 1924 H. de Sélincourt Cricket Match iii. 76 [He] only gave it me..because he knows I couldn't run to one of my own. 1953 E. Simon Past Masters iii. 156 Bits and pieces in the press, posters if we can run to them. 1970 Alberta Hist. Rev. Summer 1/1 Frame houses..needed to be heated and insulated with something of the modern thoroughness to be at all tolerable; and few men could run to it. 2002 L. Meier Birthday Party Murder x. 87 I was thinking more along the lines of a string quartet... If the budget won't run to that, you might consider playing some recorded background music, too. e. To manage to provide; to go so far as to have. ΘΚΠ the mind > possession > have or possess [verb (transitive)] > go so far as to possess to run to ——1880 1880 Punch 25 Dec. 298/2 A red 'un [sc. button-hole] with maiden'air trimmings is what I consider O.K. Suits my style and complexion, yer know, so I runs to it once in a way. 1898 Cosmopolitan Aug. 388/2 In a year or two, perhaps it will run to a clubroom of our own. 1909 ‘I. Hay’ Man's Man (1910) vi. 109 It's ten flights up, and we don't run to an elevator. 1960 Bedside ‘Guardian’ 9 215 Some of the others [sc. theatres] run to 1930-ish chrome and glass fittings. 2001 D. Lessing Sweetest Dream (2003) 326 Our hospital doesn't run to a wheelchair. 5. intransitive. Of a solid: to melt and become (liquid). Also: to dissolve in (liquid). ΚΠ 1567 Triall of Treasure sig. Divv You are both as constant as snowe in the sunne, Which from snow to water through melting doth run. 1603 P. Holland tr. Plutarch Morals 996 No sooner hath it [sc. snow] evaporated and exhaled a little the thinne and colde aire in it, but immediatly it resolveth and runneth to water. 1760 World Displayed XIV. 163 The wind..brought with it such heat, that the butter in the ship ran to oil. 1807 Monthly Mirror Feb. 87 Esop's ass laden with salt, which, on his lying down in every river, ran to water, and lightened his burden. 1899 Arena Mar. 358 It [sc. metal] melted, hissing as it ran To liquid in the mould. 1900 J. H. Crawford Autobiogr. Tramp i. 5 The snow..was soft..and ran to water. 1960 Woman's Illustr. 16 July 20 I bought ½ lb. of butter, which ran to oil within six hours. 2006 K. Brockmeier Brief Hist. Dead xv. 237 The last of the snow ran to water, and it ceased to rain. 6. intransitive. a. Of a plant: to cease flowering and develop (seed); to tend to the formation of (straw, wood, etc.), typically in the absence of cultivation or careful management. Of land: to be or become characterized by (a specified kind of vegetation or terrain), esp. as a result of neglect. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > farming > gardening > management of plants > [verb (intransitive)] > of plants: run to seed to run to ——1601 1601 P. Holland tr. Pliny Hist. World I. xviii. vi. 557 If a ground run to wood and bee overgrowne therewith, Democritus hath taught us the meanes how to kill the same. 1601 P. Holland tr. Pliny Hist. World II. xxi. xi. 92 Of this Oenanthe, this regard must be had, that the flowers bee often picked and plucked off, and not suffered to run to seed. 1660 R. Sharrock Hist. Propagation & Improvem. Veg. 97 When any land runs to fearn, heath, or ant~hills. a1706 J. Evelyn Direct. for Gardiner (1932) 79 Poverty, & leanesse of Ground, causes plants to run hastily to seede. 1762 J. Mills New Syst. Pract. Husbandry I. 152 They..sow it with rye and hay-seed the first year; after which they let it run to grass. 1765 Museum Rusticum 3 157 If they are sown late,..they will be apt to run all to straw. 1825 New Monthly Mag. 15 215/1 They seldom bear at all, but run entirely to leaf. 1847 Jrnl. Royal Agric. Soc. 8 i. 215 [Beet,] when transplanted, run much to top. 1847 R. W. Emerson Poems 26 Lemons run to leaves and rind. 1892 Chambers's Jrnl. 17 Sept. 604/2 He preferred to let everything run to grass. 1913 E. G. Montgomery Corn Crops xiv. 146 The available nitrogen is so abundant that wheat or oats would ‘run to straw’ and produce little or no grain. 1936 Cambr. City (Indiana) Tribune 2 Apr. The vines will run to wood if they are ‘spur pruned’. 1980 G. Rickman Corn Supply Anc. Rome v. 101 Olives were better adapted to hillsides than to rich plain land, where they tended to run to wood. 2000 Guardian 12 Oct. ii. 19/4 The footpath led across pastures saturated by autumn downpours, where most wild flowers had long since run to seed. b. figurative and in extended use. Chiefly in to run to seed: to become habitually unkempt, shabby, ineffective, etc. Cf. to go to seed at seed n. Phrases 1. ΚΠ 1625 F. Bacon Ess. (new ed.) 230 A Mans Nature runnes either to Herbes, or Weeds. 1740 H. Fielding in Champion 15 Mar. For Virtue itself by growing too exuberant, and (if I may be allowed the Metaphor) by running to Seed changes its very Nature, and becomes a most pernicious Weed of a most beautiful Flower. a1822 P. B. Shelley Peter Bell III vi, in Poet. Wks. (?1840) 244/1 Now Peter ran to seed in soul Into a walking paradox. 1832 Blackwood's Edinb. Mag. 32 506 A race notoriously said like cucumbers to run more to belly than head. 1861 N.Y. Herald 23 Nov. 4/5 Can such a country be..permitted to run to seed? 1924 A. Huxley Little Mexican 249 He pictured a large, blonde, barmaidish personage, thirty-one and not yet married, running a bit to seed. 1953 J. Wain Hurry on Down iv. 66 He was plump, but not yet running to seed; aged about forty-five to fifty. 1976 National Observer (U.S.) 27 Nov. ii. 2/3 Today there is a striking resemblance among many of the 1,000 or so residents, and most of the youngsters run to tow~head. 2006 Age (Melbourne) (Nexis) 2 June 18 I thought it was a down-at-heel body builder, one who'd neglected to keep up with his medication and was starting to run to seed! 7. intransitive. a. Agriculture. Of livestock: to tend to yield (meat or milk). Now rare. ΚΠ 1790 W. Marshall Rural Econ. Midland Counties I. 393 As the modern breed of Midland cattle ‘run to beef’,—its modern breed of sheep ‘run to mutton’; and from the same cause: a natural propensity, of extraordinary strength, to a state of fatness. 1864 Trans. N.Y. State Agric. Soc. 1863 23 594 The Short-Horns are inclined to run to beef, rather than milk. 1879 Amer. Agriculturalist Oct. 379/1 There may be many that will run to meat instead of to milk. 1901 Sugar Beet Jrnl. Apr. 74/2 Whilst a small addition of it [sc. sugar] to their usual food will be found to improve the quality of their milk, too much, and but a very little too much, will cause them to run to beef more. 1922 Boston Daily Globe 13 May 6/1 ‘How are the Duroc-Jerseys these days?’ asked the department manager. He was told they were ‘not givin' as much in butter fat as the should, but run to milk.’ b. to run to fat. (a) To put on (undesired) weight; to have a tendency to do this. Originally of livestock (cf. sense 7a); later often of a person. ΚΠ 1809 R. Kerr Gen. View Agric. Berwick (new ed.) xiv. 396 They do not answer for fat lambs quite so well as inferior breeds, not being supposed such good nurses, as more apt to run to fat than to milk. 1845 Punch 8 157/1 Two years ago he weighed eleven stone, he now weighed twelve. It would never do to be running to fat like this. 1867 Farmer's Mag. Apr. 335/1 The sheep all ran to fat in their tails. 1899 Speaker 11 Feb. 171/2 All through history kings have run to fat. Dionysius, King of Heraclea, was so fat as to live in constant terror of suffocation. 1913 J. A. Craig Sheep-farming in N. Amer. iv. 74 Their extra weight and tendency to run to fat do not give them the popularity in the markets that is accorded those breeds that come to maturity at smaller weights. 1954 G. Smith Flaw in Crystal iv. 32 He was a broad, heavily built young man, just beginning to run to fat, good natured and boisterous. 1989 A. Bernays Professor Romeo (1990) i. i. 13 He wanted to see if her mother had run to fat. 2002 I. Knight Don't you want Me? vii. 94 And I hate his big round eyes—I'll bet he has some kind of overactive thyroid disorder. He looks like he'll run to fat, too, within a couple of years. (b) figurative. To become less active, capable, sharp, etc.; to become unnecessarily large, with the implication of being less efficient. ΚΠ 1906 W. M. Giffin School Days in Fifties 78 I fear my brain has run to fat. 1964 Science 18 Sept. 1337/1 Most of the major international scientific congresses have run to fat, to such an extent that intelligence gives way to stupor and social vitality to incoherence. 1984 Jrnl. Amer. Stud. 18 132 Multi-volume histories, like the Great American Novel, tend to run to fat. 2000 Independent (Nexis) 9 Jan. 9 You have to manage your business and keep an eye on it or it will run to fat and begin to fall apart. < as lemmas |
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