Brettn.¹adj.

Brit.

/brɛt/, U.S.

/brɛt/

Forms: Old English Brett- (inflected form), Old English Britt- (inflected form), Old English Bryt, Old English 1600s–1800s Brit, Old English–Middle English Bret, Old English– Brytt- (inflected form and in compounds), late Old English Brytt, early Middle English Brutt- (inflected form), Middle English Brut, late Middle English Brette, late Middle English Brettis (plural), 1500s 1800s– Brett, 1600s Britt; also Scottish pre-1700 Bret, pre-1700 Brit.

Origin: Apparently a borrowing from Latin. Etymon: Latin Brittus.

Etymology: Apparently < post-classical Latin Brittus (although this is apparently rare: see below) or its British equivalent, a variant (o -stem) of the same base as classical Latin Brittōn- , Brittō Briton n. Compare the early forms cited at British adj. and n. Compare Old French, Middle French bret (adjective) Breton (1271). With use as adjective compare earlier British adj.The Brittonic base equivalent to and probably underlying classical Latin Brittō is reconstructed as an n -stem (see Briton n.), but Old English Brettas suggests the parallel existence of an o -stem, which is perhaps also reflected in the derivative Byzantine Greek Βρίττιoι (plural) Britons (Procopius, also Βριττία Britain; the underlying Brittonic base > Breton Breizh Brittany) and perhaps post-classical Latin Brittus (noun) inhabitant of Britain (430 in a British source; 11th cent. in a continental source; also occasionally earlier as a personal name in continental sources (3rd cent. or earlier); compare matres Brittae (plural), a designation for mother goddesses in two undated inscriptions by legionaries in the Rhineland). At the time of contact with the Anglo-Saxons, south-eastern Britain was heavily Romanized and bilingualism with Latin must have been common. Therefore, although post-classical Latin Brittus (as well as classical Latin Brittō and Brittannus ) appears ultimately to have a Celtic base (see Britain n.¹), it is unclear whether Latin or British forms (or both) were borrowed into Old English. The retention of (ultimately) British -tt- in the Old English word suggests a borrowing no later than the 6th cent.; after that the etymon would have had -th- in this position (compare Welsh Brython Briton n.), of which the expected reflex in Old English would be -þ or -ð . Early Irish Britt (chiefly in surnames) is apparently < classical Latin Brittō (see above). In Old English, forms with -e- and -i- show variant treatments of the vowel of the etymon in the course of borrowing (although the exact underlying processes are unclear). In British (and therefore probably in post-classical Latin as spoken in Britain) this vowel was probably a reduced /ɪ/ or even /ə/ (the precursor of /ʌ/ in Welsh (now spelt y )). In later use the forms with -i- were probably reinforced by classical Latin Brittō Briton n., Britannus (see Britain n.¹), etc. Forms with -y- in Old English apparently show a development of i following r (see R. M. Hogg Gram. Old Eng. (1992) I. §§5.170–2). Early Middle English forms with -u- are in turn a regular phonetic development of these, and are perhaps further influenced by association with the name of Brutus , legendary ancestor of the British people (see Brute n.²; compare brut n.). Compare Old English and early Middle English Bretland , Brytland Britain, also spec. Wales, Brittany (compare Bretenland , etc.: see Britain n.²); occasionally in later use by historians of the period:eOE tr. Orosius Hist. (BL Add.) (1980) vi. xxx. 147 Wæron Dioclitie iii cyningas on winnende: Caucarius on Bretlande [L. Carausio rebellante in Britanniis], & Achileus of Egypta londe, & Marseus of Persum... Þa..Constantius..geeode Brettaniam þæt igland.OE tr. Bili St. Machutus 1 Sancte machu wæs acenned on brytlande [L. in brittannia] of æþelre mægþe.OE Anglo-Saxon Chron. (Tiber. B.i) anno 1055 & wendan ða to Brytlande to Griffine cinge.OE Anglo-Saxon Chron. (Tiber. B.iv) anno 1077 Wyllelm cyngc for ofer sæ, and lædde fyrde to Brytlande, and besæt þone castel æt Dol.c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1978) l. 12736 For þi fader nom of Brutlonde alle þa cnihtes stronge.a1883 J. R. Green Conquest of Eng. (1884) ii. 64 The scanty traces of their presence show that the pirates attempted little in the way of settlement on the eastern shores of the Irish Channel; there was little, indeed, to tempt them in the wild Bret-land. For further use in place names compare e.g. Bretebi (1086; now Birkby, North Riding, Yorkshire), Brettone (1086; now Monk Bretton, West Riding, Yorkshire), etc., although it is unclear whether the first element of these represents the Old English word or an early Scandinavian borrowing from it.

Now historical and rare.

A. n.¹

A member of one of the Brittonic-speaking peoples originally inhabiting all of Britain south of the Firth of Forth, and in later times spec. Strathclyde, Wales, Cornwall, and Brittany; a Briton. Now historical and rare.The ordinary name used in the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle; in Scotland applied to the Strathclyde Britons until c1300, when their legal system, distinct from that of the Scots, was abolished by Edward I.

ΘΚΠ

the world > people > ethnicities > Celtic people > [noun] > ancient Britons > person

WelshmaneOE

Britonc1275

Britain1482

Brutea1513

Brett1535

Welsh Britain1573

Welsh Briton1577

eOE Anglo-Saxon Chron. (Parker) anno 890 Þy ilcan geare for se here..to Sant Laudan, þæt is betueoh Brettum [lOE Laud Bryttum] & Francum, & Brettas him wiþ gefuhton [lOE Laud Bryttas].

eOE tr. Bede Eccl. Hist. (Tanner) iii. iv. 164 He..eall Breotone cyn & mægðe, þa seondon on feower gereordo todæled, þæt [is] Bretta [L. Brettonum] & Peohta & Scotta & Ongla, in onwald onfeng.

lOE Anglo-Saxon Chron. (Laud) anno 1064 His broðor..him com togeanes mid þam mannum þe on his eorldome wæron, & eac fela Bryttas [OE Tiber. B.iv Brettas] comon mid him.

c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1963) l. 6401 Þer wes moni god Brut.

?a1400 (a1338) R. Mannyng Chron. (Petyt) (1996) i. l. 5786 Bassian was born of a Brette.

?a1400 (a1338) R. Mannyng Chron. (Petyt) (1996) i. l. 6826 Þerfor I am to ȝow [sc. Bretons] comen als tille kyth & our kyn nomen, for ȝe ere Brettis [a1450 Lamb. Brutes] & we Breton.

c1450 (c1380) G. Chaucer House of Fame 1208 Ther herde I pleyen on an harpe..the Bret Glascurion.

1535 W. Stewart tr. H. Boethius Bk. Cron. Scotl. (1858) II. 471 All Albione wes in gude rest and peice; Bot[h] Scot and Brit, and Inglismen also.

1611 J. Speed Hist. Great Brit. v. ii. 159/2 The word Brit is doubtlesse the Primitiue, from whence Britto is deriued, and from whence the first glimpse of light leading to the word Britaine, seemeth to appeare.

a1640 T. Risdon Chorogr. Surv. Devon (1811) (modernized text) §225 238 'Twixt Britts and Saxons.

1676 A. Sammes Britannia Antiqua Illustrata 42 Just before the Saxons daies they were called Brits, Brittae, yea and in Caesars daies too.

1787 J. Barlow Vision of Columbus viii. 218 From Brits, from Scythians plucks the laurel crown, And deems, by right, the unletter'd world his own.

1873 J. A. H. Murray Dial. S. Counties Scotl. 3 The Bretts or Welsh of Strathclyde long retained their special laws as distinct from the laws of Scotland.

1889 P. B. Du Chaillu Viking Age I. Pref. p. vii When the Romans invaded Britain, the Brits had no fleet to oppose them.

1961 W. C. Dickinson New Hist. Scotl. I. vii. 59 Prior to the reign of David I and the introduction of Anglo-Norman feudalism..the only extant 'laws'..are those contained in a code known as the laws in use among the ‘Bretts and Scots’.

B. adj.

Of or relating to the Britons.

ΘΚΠ

the world > people > ethnicities > Celtic people > [adjective] > ancient Britons

WelsheOE

BritishOE

Brett1535

Britainc1540

Welsh British1659

Brittonic1890

1535 W. Stewart tr. H. Boethius Bk. Cron. Scotl. (1858) II. 230 Brit langage for to speik and vse, So that the Britis culd nocht weill refuse..Modred to be thair king.

a1954 W. March William March Omnibus (1956) 147 There were words in the Brett language considered so corrupting in their effect on others that if anyone wrote them, or was heard to speak them aloud, he was fined and thrown into prison.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2008; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	brett
释义	Brettn.¹adj. Brit. /brɛt/, U.S. /brɛt/ Forms: Old English Brett- (inflected form), Old English Britt- (inflected form), Old English Bryt, Old English 1600s–1800s Brit, Old English–Middle English Bret, Old English– Brytt- (inflected form and in compounds), late Old English Brytt, early Middle English Brutt- (inflected form), Middle English Brut, late Middle English Brette, late Middle English Brettis (plural), 1500s 1800s– Brett, 1600s Britt; also Scottish pre-1700 Bret, pre-1700 Brit. Origin: Apparently a borrowing from Latin. Etymon: Latin Brittus. Etymology: Apparently < post-classical Latin Brittus (although this is apparently rare: see below) or its British equivalent, a variant (o -stem) of the same base as classical Latin Brittōn- , Brittō Briton n. Compare the early forms cited at British adj. and n. Compare Old French, Middle French bret (adjective) Breton (1271). With use as adjective compare earlier British adj.The Brittonic base equivalent to and probably underlying classical Latin Brittō is reconstructed as an n -stem (see Briton n.), but Old English Brettas suggests the parallel existence of an o -stem, which is perhaps also reflected in the derivative Byzantine Greek Βρίττιoι (plural) Britons (Procopius, also Βριττία Britain; the underlying Brittonic base > Breton Breizh Brittany) and perhaps post-classical Latin Brittus (noun) inhabitant of Britain (430 in a British source; 11th cent. in a continental source; also occasionally earlier as a personal name in continental sources (3rd cent. or earlier); compare matres Brittae (plural), a designation for mother goddesses in two undated inscriptions by legionaries in the Rhineland). At the time of contact with the Anglo-Saxons, south-eastern Britain was heavily Romanized and bilingualism with Latin must have been common. Therefore, although post-classical Latin Brittus (as well as classical Latin Brittō and Brittannus ) appears ultimately to have a Celtic base (see Britain n.¹), it is unclear whether Latin or British forms (or both) were borrowed into Old English. The retention of (ultimately) British -tt- in the Old English word suggests a borrowing no later than the 6th cent.; after that the etymon would have had -th- in this position (compare Welsh Brython Briton n.), of which the expected reflex in Old English would be -þ or -ð . Early Irish Britt (chiefly in surnames) is apparently < classical Latin Brittō (see above). In Old English, forms with -e- and -i- show variant treatments of the vowel of the etymon in the course of borrowing (although the exact underlying processes are unclear). In British (and therefore probably in post-classical Latin as spoken in Britain) this vowel was probably a reduced /ɪ/ or even /ə/ (the precursor of /ʌ/ in Welsh (now spelt y )). In later use the forms with -i- were probably reinforced by classical Latin Brittō Briton n., Britannus (see Britain n.¹), etc. Forms with -y- in Old English apparently show a development of i following r (see R. M. Hogg Gram. Old Eng. (1992) I. §§5.170–2). Early Middle English forms with -u- are in turn a regular phonetic development of these, and are perhaps further influenced by association with the name of Brutus , legendary ancestor of the British people (see Brute n.²; compare brut n.). Compare Old English and early Middle English Bretland , Brytland Britain, also spec. Wales, Brittany (compare Bretenland , etc.: see Britain n.²); occasionally in later use by historians of the period:eOE tr. Orosius Hist. (BL Add.) (1980) vi. xxx. 147 Wæron Dioclitie iii cyningas on winnende: Caucarius on Bretlande [L. Carausio rebellante in Britanniis], & Achileus of Egypta londe, & Marseus of Persum... Þa..Constantius..geeode Brettaniam þæt igland.OE tr. Bili St. Machutus 1 Sancte machu wæs acenned on brytlande [L. in brittannia] of æþelre mægþe.OE Anglo-Saxon Chron. (Tiber. B.i) anno 1055 & wendan ða to Brytlande to Griffine cinge.OE Anglo-Saxon Chron. (Tiber. B.iv) anno 1077 Wyllelm cyngc for ofer sæ, and lædde fyrde to Brytlande, and besæt þone castel æt Dol.c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1978) l. 12736 For þi fader nom of Brutlonde alle þa cnihtes stronge.a1883 J. R. Green Conquest of Eng. (1884) ii. 64 The scanty traces of their presence show that the pirates attempted little in the way of settlement on the eastern shores of the Irish Channel; there was little, indeed, to tempt them in the wild Bret-land. For further use in place names compare e.g. Bretebi (1086; now Birkby, North Riding, Yorkshire), Brettone (1086; now Monk Bretton, West Riding, Yorkshire), etc., although it is unclear whether the first element of these represents the Old English word or an early Scandinavian borrowing from it. Now historical and rare. A. n.¹ A member of one of the Brittonic-speaking peoples originally inhabiting all of Britain south of the Firth of Forth, and in later times spec. Strathclyde, Wales, Cornwall, and Brittany; a Briton. Now historical and rare.The ordinary name used in the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle; in Scotland applied to the Strathclyde Britons until c1300, when their legal system, distinct from that of the Scots, was abolished by Edward I. ΘΚΠ the world > people > ethnicities > Celtic people > [noun] > ancient Britons > person WelshmaneOE Britonc1275 Britain1482 Brutea1513 Brett1535 Welsh Britain1573 Welsh Briton1577 eOE Anglo-Saxon Chron. (Parker) anno 890 Þy ilcan geare for se here..to Sant Laudan, þæt is betueoh Brettum [lOE Laud Bryttum] & Francum, & Brettas him wiþ gefuhton [lOE Laud Bryttas]. eOE tr. Bede Eccl. Hist. (Tanner) iii. iv. 164 He..eall Breotone cyn & mægðe, þa seondon on feower gereordo todæled, þæt [is] Bretta [L. Brettonum] & Peohta & Scotta & Ongla, in onwald onfeng. lOE Anglo-Saxon Chron. (Laud) anno 1064 His broðor..him com togeanes mid þam mannum þe on his eorldome wæron, & eac fela Bryttas [OE Tiber. B.iv Brettas] comon mid him. c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1963) l. 6401 Þer wes moni god Brut. ?a1400 (a1338) R. Mannyng Chron. (Petyt) (1996) i. l. 5786 Bassian was born of a Brette. ?a1400 (a1338) R. Mannyng Chron. (Petyt) (1996) i. l. 6826 Þerfor I am to ȝow [sc. Bretons] comen als tille kyth & our kyn nomen, for ȝe ere Brettis [a1450 Lamb. Brutes] & we Breton. c1450 (c1380) G. Chaucer House of Fame 1208 Ther herde I pleyen on an harpe..the Bret Glascurion. 1535 W. Stewart tr. H. Boethius Bk. Cron. Scotl. (1858) II. 471 All Albione wes in gude rest and peice; Bot[h] Scot and Brit, and Inglismen also. 1611 J. Speed Hist. Great Brit. v. ii. 159/2 The word Brit is doubtlesse the Primitiue, from whence Britto is deriued, and from whence the first glimpse of light leading to the word Britaine, seemeth to appeare. a1640 T. Risdon Chorogr. Surv. Devon (1811) (modernized text) §225 238 'Twixt Britts and Saxons. 1676 A. Sammes Britannia Antiqua Illustrata 42 Just before the Saxons daies they were called Brits, Brittae, yea and in Caesars daies too. 1787 J. Barlow Vision of Columbus viii. 218 From Brits, from Scythians plucks the laurel crown, And deems, by right, the unletter'd world his own. 1873 J. A. H. Murray Dial. S. Counties Scotl. 3 The Bretts or Welsh of Strathclyde long retained their special laws as distinct from the laws of Scotland. 1889 P. B. Du Chaillu Viking Age I. Pref. p. vii When the Romans invaded Britain, the Brits had no fleet to oppose them. 1961 W. C. Dickinson New Hist. Scotl. I. vii. 59 Prior to the reign of David I and the introduction of Anglo-Norman feudalism..the only extant 'laws'..are those contained in a code known as the laws in use among the ‘Bretts and Scots’. B. adj. Of or relating to the Britons. ΘΚΠ the world > people > ethnicities > Celtic people > [adjective] > ancient Britons WelsheOE BritishOE Brett1535 Britainc1540 Welsh British1659 Brittonic1890 1535 W. Stewart tr. H. Boethius Bk. Cron. Scotl. (1858) II. 230 Brit langage for to speik and vse, So that the Britis culd nocht weill refuse..Modred to be thair king. a1954 W. March William March Omnibus (1956) 147 There were words in the Brett language considered so corrupting in their effect on others that if anyone wrote them, or was heard to speak them aloud, he was fined and thrown into prison. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2008; most recently modified version published online March 2022). brettn.² Origin: Formed within English, by clipping or shortening. Etymon: britchka n. Etymology: Shortened < britchka n., apparently with lowering of the stem vowel. A short term for britchka n., a kind of four-wheeled carriage. ΘΚΠ society > travel > means of travel > a conveyance > vehicle > cart, carriage, or wagon > carriage for conveying persons > [noun] > types of carriage > strong, for travelling > with space for reclining britchka1812 brett1865 1865 A. D. Whitney Gayworthys 301 Mrs. Topliff drove an open English brett. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1888; most recently modified version published online September 2020). < n.¹adj.eOEn.²1865
随便看	sanguine partridge sanguine red sanguine root sanguine stone sanguine temperament sanguine-bilious sanguine-coloured sanguine-complexioned sanguine-flowered sanguine-heart sanguine-nervous sanguine-rod sanguine-streaming sanguine-valiant saxist saxitoxin saxitoxins saxman saxo saxo- saxo-danish saxo-norman saxodanish saxon saxon angles

Brettn.1adj.

brettn.2

Brettn.¹adj.

brettn.²