breven.

Brit.

/briːv/, U.S.

/briv/,

/brɛv/

Forms: Also 1500s breeuve, 1600s brieve.

Etymology: A variant of bref, brefe, brief n.¹ in same senses.

a. A letter of authority; a royal mandate: see brief n.¹ 1.

ΘΚΠ

society > law > legal document > types of legal or official document > [noun] > document giving legal authority > specific

brevea1400

letter of procuracya1425

procuracy1425

letter of attorney1432

allocate1438

procurationc1450

proxyc1460

warrant of attorney1512

letters of procuration1574

promotorial letters?c1633

factory1703

power of agency1710

power of attorney1716

inspectorship deed1861

letter of business1862

a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 19606 O prince o preistes..purchest he þar breue For to seke..Cristen man.

1600 Gowrie's Conspir. Select. Harl. Misc. (1793) 197 In those parts where my lord was, they would give sundrie folks breeuves.

a1631 J. Donne Serm. (1954) VII. 308 The Jews had a licence to beg, They had a Breve.

a1656 J. Hales Golden Remains (1659) i. 153 Our legal business in the world must be done in certain forms of breves and writs.

1873 W. H. Dixon Hist. Two Queens I. ii. ii. 15 He was tempted to revoke his breves.

b. spec. A pope's letter; = brief n.¹ 2.

ΘΚΠ

society > faith > church government > member of the clergy > clerical superior > pope > papal documents > [noun] > encyclical

papal briefa1500

breve1536

encyclical1837

encyclic1851

encyclica1888

1536 T. Starkey Let. in Eng. in Reign Henry VIII (1878) i. p. xxxvii Yf you folow the breves of the pope to you directid.

1679 T. Puller Moderation Church of Eng. (1843) 38 Performed by..Pope Paul V, in a very smart breve, dated 1612.

1700 J. Tyrrell Gen. Hist. Eng. II. 790 The Pope..committed the Execution of his Breve to the Abbot.

1823 J. Lingard Hist. Eng. VI. 202 The breve of dispensation produced by the queen..was an evident forgery.

1863 S. R. Gardiner Hist. Eng. I. ii. 79 The pope..had sent two breves to Garnet.

c. A summary, a short code of instructions, etc.

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > the arts > literature > prose > non-fiction > summary or epitome > [noun]

abbreviationa1464

summary1509

breve1523

bridgement1523

abbreviate1531

summulary1533

breviary1547

extract1549

digest1555

brief1563

promptuary1577

abbreviature1578

institute1578

breviation1580

breviate1581

compendiary1589

symbol1594

ramass1596

compendium1608

abridgement1609

digestment1610

digestion1613

epitome1623

abridge1634

comprisal1640

comprisurea1641

syntome1641

medulla1644

multum in parvo1653

contracta1657

landscape1656

comprehension1659

sylloge1686

contraction1697

résumé1782

compend1796

sum-up1848

roundup1884

wrap-up1960

1523 Let. in Burnet Hist. Ref. II. 105 The more the said Breve cometh to light.

1647 J. Cleveland Poems in Char. London-diurnall (Wing C4662) 42 The Painters Brieve for Venus face; Item an eye from Jane, a lip from Grace.

2. Music. A note of the value of two semibreves, now written white and either oblong or (more usually) oval, with one or two strokes on each side; rarely used in modern music.

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > the arts > music > musical sound > duration of notes > [noun] > short note or breve

streinantc1325

brevec1460

briefa1500

strene note1550

short1591

c1460 Towneley Myst. (1836) 116 What was his song? hard ye not how he crakyd it? Three brefes to a long.

1480 Will of William Bristowe (Guildhall Libr. MS 9171/6) f. 310 An Imnar Hymner closed wt brevys and longes.

1670 J. Playford Brief Introd. Skill Musick (new ed.) i. 20 Those in the proportion of Time are eight, as Large, Long, Breve, Semibreve.

1706 A. Bedford Temple Musick xi. 227 When Musick was first invented, there were but Two Notes, viz. a Long, and a Breve.

1782 C. Burney Gen. Hist. Music II. 196 The black square note, called a Breve, the first and almost only note used in Canto Fermo.

1806 J. W. Callcott Musical Gram. iii. 26 The Breve is a square white Note.

1863 Ld. Lytton Ring of Amasis I. 27.

†3. Grammar. A short syllable. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > language > linguistics > study of speech sound > speech sound > [noun] > syllabic sound > syllable > type of

breve1548

brief?1560

suppletive1666

alienisparsison1856

fortisparsison1856

gravisparsison1856

closed syllable1881

nonsense syllable1885

pre-head1958

1548 Hall's Vnion: Richard III f. xlij This poeticall schoolemayster corrector of breues and longes.

1728 E. Chambers Cycl. (at cited word) A Breve is one Time, and a Long two.

Categories »

4. Print. The mark ˘ placed over a vowel to signify that it is short.

5. [French brève.] A name sometimes given (from their short tails) to the ant-thrushes.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1888; most recently modified version published online December 2021).

† brevev.

Forms: Middle English breven, Middle English–1500s breve, Middle English briefe, 1500s bryve, 1500s Scottish breif, brew.

Origin: A borrowing from early Scandinavian. Etymon: Norse bréfa.

Etymology: Middle English breven , apparently < Old Norse bréfa to write (corresponding to Old High German briofan , Old High German, Middle High German briefen ), < medieval Latin breviāre to draw up or send dispatches, < breve a note, dispatch: see brief n.¹ Apparently the Latin word was never adopted in Old English, but early Middle English breven may possibly have been directly from it, rather than from the Old Norse.

Obsolete.

a. transitive (and absol.) To set down in writing; to indite, compose, write (a matter).

ΘΚΠ

society > communication > writing > [verb (intransitive)] > set down in writing

brevea1225

society > communication > writing > [verb (transitive)] > set down in writing

adighteOE

to set on writea900

dightc1000

writeOE

brevea1225

layc1330

indite1340

take1418

annote1449

printa1450

scribe1465

redact?a1475

reduce1485

letter1504

recite1523

to commit to writing (also paper)1529

pen1530

reduce?1533

token up1535

scripture1540

titulea1550

to set down1562

quote1573

to put down1574

paper1594

to write down1594

apprehend1611

fix1630

exarate1656

depose1668

put1910

society > leisure > the arts > literature > art or occupation of writer or author > be the author of or write (a work) [verb (transitive)]

setc888

adighteOE

awriteeOE

writeeOE

dightc1000

workOE

makelOE

brevea1225

ditea1300

aditec1330

indite1340

betravail1387

compone1393

saya1475

compile1477

compose1483

comprise1485

recite1523

pen1530

contex1542

invent1576

author1597

context1628

to make up1630

spawn1631

a1225 St. Marher. 16 In iannes ant in iembres bokes ibreuet.

c1400 (?c1390) Sir Gawain & Green Knight (1940) l. 2521 As hit is breued in þe best boke of romaunce.

1470 J. Hardyng Chron. xxxi. iii As chronycles doth briefe.

a1513 W. Dunbar Poems (1998) I. 226 Allace, I can bot ballattis breif.

c1540 (?a1400) Destr. Troy 3736 Þus he breuyt in his boke of þe breme kynges.

1575 J. Rolland Treat. Court Venus Prol. sig. Avii Now pas thy wayis, thou barrant buik new breuit.

b. To enter in books of account; to ‘post’, make up (accounts).

ΘΚΠ

society > communication > indication > pointing out > point out [verb (transitive)]

teacha900

showa1225

brevea1377

ensign1477

point1477

note1521

demonstrate1534

appointa1547

to put (also lay) one's (also the) finger on1574

remark1592

outpoint1595

finger1619

clewa1625

notice1627

denote1632

indicate1651

to index outa1796

society > trade and finance > management of money > keeping accounts > keep accounts [verb (transitive)] > enter in an account

set1154

brevea1377

scorec1386

post1622

to give credit1725

journalize1766

to enter up1835

statement1984

a1377 in Coll. Ordinances Royal Househ. (1790) 10 Leveryes of men servantes, intituled Calciatura besides all wages breved.

?1459 M. Paston in Paston Lett. & Papers (2004) I. 257 The mane..woll not take vp-on hym to breve dayly.

a1475 Bk. Curtasye (Sloane 1986) l. 553 in Babees Bk. (2002) i. 317 The clerke of þe cochyn shalle alle þyng breue.

c. to breve for: to render an account for.

ΘΚΠ

society > trade and finance > management of money > keeping accounts > keep accounts [verb (transitive)] > render account for

to breve for1478

1478 Liber Niger in Pegge Cur. Misc. (1782) 74 That the Marshall..send such one with his rod as he will answer for on the morrow and also that he will breve for.

2. To recount, relate, state, tell.

ΘΚΠ

society > communication > information > reporting > report [verb (transitive)]

i-telle971

reckOE

tella1382

brevea1400

reportc1450

recount1477

reapport1486

refera1500

renowna1500

relate1530

informa1533

recommend1533

reaccount1561

re-report1599

yielda1616

delatea1639

narrate1656

bulletin1838

a1400 Alexander (1849) 78 Breve us thi name.

c1400 (?c1390) Sir Gawain & Green Knight (1940) l. 1488 If hit be sothe þat ȝe breue, þe blame is myn awen.

c1400 (?c1380) Pearl l. 754 Breue me bryȝt, quat-kyn of priys Berez þe perle.

1447–8 in S. A. Moore Lett. & Papers J. Shillingford (1871) 55 Y wolde have comyned w^t ham to have breved the mater.

3. To note, point out.

ΚΠ

c1400 (?c1390) Sir Gawain & Green Knight (1940) l. 1436 Þe best þat þer breued watȝ wyth þe blod-houndez.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1888; most recently modified version published online December 2021).

单词	breve
释义	breven. Brit. /briːv/, U.S. /briv/, /brɛv/ Forms: Also 1500s breeuve, 1600s brieve. Etymology: A variant of bref, brefe, brief n.¹ in same senses. 1. a. A letter of authority; a royal mandate: see brief n.¹ 1. ΘΚΠ society > law > legal document > types of legal or official document > [noun] > document giving legal authority > specific brevea1400 letter of procuracya1425 procuracy1425 letter of attorney1432 allocate1438 procurationc1450 proxyc1460 warrant of attorney1512 letters of procuration1574 promotorial letters?c1633 factory1703 power of agency1710 power of attorney1716 inspectorship deed1861 letter of business1862 a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 19606 O prince o preistes..purchest he þar breue For to seke..Cristen man. 1600 Gowrie's Conspir. Select. Harl. Misc. (1793) 197 In those parts where my lord was, they would give sundrie folks breeuves. a1631 J. Donne Serm. (1954) VII. 308 The Jews had a licence to beg, They had a Breve. a1656 J. Hales Golden Remains (1659) i. 153 Our legal business in the world must be done in certain forms of breves and writs. 1873 W. H. Dixon Hist. Two Queens I. ii. ii. 15 He was tempted to revoke his breves. b. spec. A pope's letter; = brief n.¹ 2. ΘΚΠ society > faith > church government > member of the clergy > clerical superior > pope > papal documents > [noun] > encyclical papal briefa1500 breve1536 encyclical1837 encyclic1851 encyclica1888 1536 T. Starkey Let. in Eng. in Reign Henry VIII (1878) i. p. xxxvii Yf you folow the breves of the pope to you directid. 1679 T. Puller Moderation Church of Eng. (1843) 38 Performed by..Pope Paul V, in a very smart breve, dated 1612. 1700 J. Tyrrell Gen. Hist. Eng. II. 790 The Pope..committed the Execution of his Breve to the Abbot. 1823 J. Lingard Hist. Eng. VI. 202 The breve of dispensation produced by the queen..was an evident forgery. 1863 S. R. Gardiner Hist. Eng. I. ii. 79 The pope..had sent two breves to Garnet. c. A summary, a short code of instructions, etc. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > the arts > literature > prose > non-fiction > summary or epitome > [noun] abbreviationa1464 summary1509 breve1523 bridgement1523 abbreviate1531 summulary1533 breviary1547 extract1549 digest1555 brief1563 promptuary1577 abbreviature1578 institute1578 breviation1580 breviate1581 compendiary1589 symbol1594 ramass1596 compendium1608 abridgement1609 digestment1610 digestion1613 epitome1623 abridge1634 comprisal1640 comprisurea1641 syntome1641 medulla1644 multum in parvo1653 contracta1657 landscape1656 comprehension1659 sylloge1686 contraction1697 résumé1782 compend1796 sum-up1848 roundup1884 wrap-up1960 1523 Let. in Burnet Hist. Ref. II. 105 The more the said Breve cometh to light. 1647 J. Cleveland Poems in Char. London-diurnall (Wing C4662) 42 The Painters Brieve for Venus face; Item an eye from Jane, a lip from Grace. 2. Music. A note of the value of two semibreves, now written white and either oblong or (more usually) oval, with one or two strokes on each side; rarely used in modern music. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > the arts > music > musical sound > duration of notes > [noun] > short note or breve streinantc1325 brevec1460 briefa1500 strene note1550 short1591 c1460 Towneley Myst. (1836) 116 What was his song? hard ye not how he crakyd it? Three brefes to a long. 1480 Will of William Bristowe (Guildhall Libr. MS 9171/6) f. 310 An Imnar Hymner closed wt brevys and longes. 1670 J. Playford Brief Introd. Skill Musick (new ed.) i. 20 Those in the proportion of Time are eight, as Large, Long, Breve, Semibreve. 1706 A. Bedford Temple Musick xi. 227 When Musick was first invented, there were but Two Notes, viz. a Long, and a Breve. 1782 C. Burney Gen. Hist. Music II. 196 The black square note, called a Breve, the first and almost only note used in Canto Fermo. 1806 J. W. Callcott Musical Gram. iii. 26 The Breve is a square white Note. 1863 Ld. Lytton Ring of Amasis I. 27. †3. Grammar. A short syllable. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the mind > language > linguistics > study of speech sound > speech sound > [noun] > syllabic sound > syllable > type of breve1548 brief?1560 suppletive1666 alienisparsison1856 fortisparsison1856 gravisparsison1856 closed syllable1881 nonsense syllable1885 pre-head1958 1548 Hall's Vnion: Richard III f. xlij This poeticall schoolemayster corrector of breues and longes. 1728 E. Chambers Cycl. (at cited word) A Breve is one Time, and a Long two. Categories » 4. Print. The mark ˘ placed over a vowel to signify that it is short. 5. [French brève.] A name sometimes given (from their short tails) to the ant-thrushes. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1888; most recently modified version published online December 2021). † brevev. Forms: Middle English breven, Middle English–1500s breve, Middle English briefe, 1500s bryve, 1500s Scottish breif, brew. Origin: A borrowing from early Scandinavian. Etymon: Norse bréfa. Etymology: Middle English breven , apparently < Old Norse bréfa to write (corresponding to Old High German briofan , Old High German, Middle High German briefen ), < medieval Latin breviāre to draw up or send dispatches, < breve a note, dispatch: see brief n.¹ Apparently the Latin word was never adopted in Old English, but early Middle English breven may possibly have been directly from it, rather than from the Old Norse. Obsolete. 1. a. transitive (and absol.) To set down in writing; to indite, compose, write (a matter). ΘΚΠ society > communication > writing > [verb (intransitive)] > set down in writing brevea1225 society > communication > writing > [verb (transitive)] > set down in writing adighteOE to set on writea900 dightc1000 writeOE brevea1225 layc1330 indite1340 take1418 annote1449 printa1450 scribe1465 redact?a1475 reduce1485 letter1504 recite1523 to commit to writing (also paper)1529 pen1530 reduce?1533 token up1535 scripture1540 titulea1550 to set down1562 quote1573 to put down1574 paper1594 to write down1594 apprehend1611 fix1630 exarate1656 depose1668 put1910 society > leisure > the arts > literature > art or occupation of writer or author > be the author of or write (a work) [verb (transitive)] setc888 adighteOE awriteeOE writeeOE dightc1000 workOE makelOE brevea1225 ditea1300 aditec1330 indite1340 betravail1387 compone1393 saya1475 compile1477 compose1483 comprise1485 recite1523 pen1530 contex1542 invent1576 author1597 context1628 to make up1630 spawn1631 a1225 St. Marher. 16 In iannes ant in iembres bokes ibreuet. c1400 (?c1390) Sir Gawain & Green Knight (1940) l. 2521 As hit is breued in þe best boke of romaunce. 1470 J. Hardyng Chron. xxxi. iii As chronycles doth briefe. a1513 W. Dunbar Poems (1998) I. 226 Allace, I can bot ballattis breif. c1540 (?a1400) Destr. Troy 3736 Þus he breuyt in his boke of þe breme kynges. 1575 J. Rolland Treat. Court Venus Prol. sig. Avii Now pas thy wayis, thou barrant buik new breuit. b. To enter in books of account; to ‘post’, make up (accounts). ΘΚΠ society > communication > indication > pointing out > point out [verb (transitive)] teacha900 showa1225 brevea1377 ensign1477 point1477 note1521 demonstrate1534 appointa1547 to put (also lay) one's (also the) finger on1574 remark1592 outpoint1595 finger1619 clewa1625 notice1627 denote1632 indicate1651 to index outa1796 society > trade and finance > management of money > keeping accounts > keep accounts [verb (transitive)] > enter in an account set1154 brevea1377 scorec1386 post1622 to give credit1725 journalize1766 to enter up1835 statement1984 a1377 in Coll. Ordinances Royal Househ. (1790) 10 Leveryes of men servantes, intituled Calciatura besides all wages breved. ?1459 M. Paston in Paston Lett. & Papers (2004) I. 257 The mane..woll not take vp-on hym to breve dayly. a1475 Bk. Curtasye (Sloane 1986) l. 553 in Babees Bk. (2002) i. 317 The clerke of þe cochyn shalle alle þyng breue. c. to breve for: to render an account for. ΘΚΠ society > trade and finance > management of money > keeping accounts > keep accounts [verb (transitive)] > render account for to breve for1478 1478 Liber Niger in Pegge Cur. Misc. (1782) 74 That the Marshall..send such one with his rod as he will answer for on the morrow and also that he will breve for. 2. To recount, relate, state, tell. ΘΚΠ society > communication > information > reporting > report [verb (transitive)] i-telle971 reckOE tella1382 brevea1400 reportc1450 recount1477 reapport1486 refera1500 renowna1500 relate1530 informa1533 recommend1533 reaccount1561 re-report1599 yielda1616 delatea1639 narrate1656 bulletin1838 a1400 Alexander (1849) 78 Breve us thi name. c1400 (?c1390) Sir Gawain & Green Knight (1940) l. 1488 If hit be sothe þat ȝe breue, þe blame is myn awen. c1400 (?c1380) Pearl l. 754 Breue me bryȝt, quat-kyn of priys Berez þe perle. 1447–8 in S. A. Moore Lett. & Papers J. Shillingford (1871) 55 Y wolde have comyned w^t ham to have breved the mater. 3. To note, point out. ΚΠ c1400 (?c1390) Sir Gawain & Green Knight (1940) l. 1436 Þe best þat þer breued watȝ wyth þe blod-houndez. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1888; most recently modified version published online December 2021). < n.a1400v.a1225
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