turnsolen.

Brit.

/ˈtəːnsəʊl/, U.S.

/ˈtərnˌsoʊl/

Forms: Middle English turnisoll, Middle English–1700s turnesole, (Middle English–1500s turne-, 1600s turnsoyle, turn(e)soil(e), 1500s turnesoll, turnesell, turnesall, turnesaule, turnsale, turnsowell, tornsole, tornsell, tornsalle, tornesall(e, tornesol(e, tornesolt, tournesoll, tournesole, tournesoule, 1500s–1600s turnsall, 1600s turnsoll, turnsoule, 1600s–1700s turnesol, 1700s tournsol, 1500s–1800s turnsol, Middle English– turnsole.

Etymology: < French tournesol (14th cent. in Littré), probably < older Provençal tournasol (now tournosol ) = Spanish tornasol , Portuguese tornassol , Italian tornasole , < Romanic tornare to turn v. + Latin sōl the sun. In French, as in English, first recorded as the name of the colouring matter derived from one of the plants bearing the name. In modern Spanish, Portuguese, and Italian chiefly used in sense 2b.

a. A violet-blue or purple colouring matter, obtained from the plant Crozophora tinctoria (see 2a), formerly much used for colouring jellies, confectionery, wines, etc., and later as a pigment. (See also quots. 1712, 1830.)Coarse linen rags are steeped in the juice, and then dried and exposed in vats over an ammoniacal mixture; hence the designation †turnsole in rags = French tournesol en drapeau.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > colour > named colours > purple or purpleness > purple dye or pigment > [noun]

turnsole1375

cork1483

jarecork1483

orchil1483

purple1519

purpurisse1519

archil1551

waycoriant1658

orchilla1703

cudbear1772

purple lake1785

imperial purple1788

mauve?1796

phenicin1823

French purple1830

indigo-purple1838

mauve1859

Perkin's mauve1859

violine1859

mauveine1863

purple of Cassiusc1865

tyroline1867

Paris violet1868

Hofmann violet1869

methyl violet1873

punicin1879

crystal violet1885

chrome violet1892

mineral violet1913

Monastral1936

manganese purple1937

1375 Exch. Rolls Scotl. II. 507 Computat per empcionem de iij libris alkynet, j libra de turnisoll, et j libra de savndre.

1392 Earl Derby's Exp. (Camden) 154 Pro iij lb. turnesole ad xiiij d.

c1440 Anc. Cookery in Coll. Ordinances Royal Househ. (1790) 437 Colour hit with turnesole, or with ynde, or with alkenet, or saunders, or saffron.

1508 Bk. Keruynge (de Worde) sig. A.iii Tornsole is holsome, for reed wyne colourynge.

1573 Treat. Arte of Limming 4 To make azure and bize sadder, take good blewe tournesoll and wet it in gumme water.

1606 H. Peacham Art of Drawing ii. iv. 53 Turnesoile is made of old linnen ragges died:..it is good to shadow carnations, and all yealowes.

1612 H. Peacham Graphice i. xxiii. 86 The sorts of Red are these. Vermilion. Synaper lake... Red lead. Roset. Turnsoile [etc.].

1615 G. Markham Eng. Hus-wife in Countrey Contentments ii. ii. 70 If you will haue [the jelly] coloured, then put in a little Tournesall.

1616–61 B. Holyday tr. Persius Sat. 308 The armorists indeed slight your common purple made of grocer's turnesol, a mixture of vermilion and blew bysse, or cynnaber, or the colour of violets.

1688 [see sense 2a].

1712 J. Browne tr. P. Pomet et al. Compl. Hist. Druggs I. v. xiii. 93/2 Tornesol, or Turnsole in Rags, is made of Linnen Cloth dyed at Constantinople, with Cocheneal and some Acids. The Cotton Turnsole, call'd Portugal or Spanish Wool, is made from Cotton that is..dyed in Spain or Portugal, with Mestich Cochineal. Both Sorts are made use of to colour Liquors, Fruits, and Gellies. There is another Kind of Turnsole that is made with Rags dipp'd in a red Tincture, prepar'd with the Juice of the Berry, and a little acid Liquor.

1783 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 73 39 Acids possess the property of changing the juice of turnsol, or infusion of litmus, red.

1830 J. Lindley Introd. Nat. Syst. Bot. 103 The preparation called Turnsol,..chiefly obtained from Crozophora (Croton) tinctoria, is to be procured equally abundantly from many other plants of the order [Euphorbiaceæ].

1866 J. Lindley & T. Moore Treasury Bot. I. 352/1 C[rozophora] tinctoria..is cultivated in the South of France for the sake of a dye which is obtained from it. This dye is called Turnsole, and is obtained by grinding the plants..to a pulp in a mill, when they yield about half their weight of a dark green coloured juice, which becomes purple by exposure to the air or under the influence of ammonia.

fig.1599 Master Broughtons Lett. Answered xi. 38 Coloured with the Turnsalue of your Phantasticall braine.

b. transf. = litmus n.So French tournesol and tournesol en pain.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > colour > named colours > blue or blueness > blue colouring matter > [noun] > blue pigment > specific

azurec1374

lapis lazulia1425

litmusc1503

verditer1505

florey1527

bice1548

smalt1558

smalts1591

smalt1598

ultramarine1598

litmus blue1612

verditer1665

ultramarine blue (or colour)1686

blue sublimate1700

Prussian blue1724

terre bleue1728

starch blue1742

king's blue1778

verditel1778

Antwerp brown1787

Berlin blue1794

lacmus1794

Antwerp blue1795

French blue1802

lapis1811

Waterloo blue1815

Waterloo1823

cobalt1835

Thénard's blue1837

iron blue1839

turnsole1839

permanent blue1863

opal blue1880

Haarlem blue1885

cyanine blue1886

cerulean blue1889

Victoria blue1890

Milori blue1899

Prussian1911

Windsor blue1912

gentianine1927

Monastral1936

Alcian Blue1947

1839 A. Ure Dict. Arts 53 The lichen which produces archil is subjected to another preparation, to make turnsole (litmus). This article is made in Holland.

1842 W. T. Brande Dict. Sci., Lit. & Art 671/1 Litmus..a blue pigment obtained from the lichen Rocella..it is often called turnsol, and yields the dye called archil.

2. A plant of which the flowers or leaves turn so as to follow the sun; a heliotrope.

a. An annual euphorbiaceous plant, Crozophora tinctoria, the small tornesol of Lyte's Herbal, found wild by the Mediterranean, and cultivated in the south of France for its colouring juice (see 1).In earlier botanical use called Croton tinctorium (or -ius), Ricinoides (Tournefort), and (after Pliny) Heliotropium tricoccum.

ΘΚΠ

the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > plants used in dyeing > [noun] > other dye-plants and plant parts

turnsole1578

puccoon1609

indigo weed1785

African turmeric1888

carajura1966

1578 H. Lyte tr. R. Dodoens Niewe Herball i. xli. 61 With the seede of the smal Tornesoll..they die and stayne old linnen cloutes and ragges into a purple colour,..wherewithall in this countrey men vse to colour gellies, wynes, fine Confections, and Comfittes.

1688 R. Holme Acad. Armory ii. 91/1 Turnsole, at the leaves comes forth three berries..which have within them a juice, or moisture of a purple colour of which that Turn-sole is made; sold by the Drugists.

1728 E. Chambers Cycl. Tornesol, Tournesol, or Turnsol, called also Heliotrope, and Sun-flower, and by the Botanists Ricinoides, a Plant whose Flower is said to follow the Motion of the Sun.

1728 E. Chambers Cycl. The Dutch prepare a kind of Turnsol in Paste or Cakes... But there is Reason to think it a Cheat,..the Tournsol being no Plant of their Growth.

1756 C. Lucas Ess. Waters i. 21 Blews obtained from..archil, tournsol, &c. have their colors exalted or preserved by alcalies.

b. The plant Heliotropium europæum, the great tornesol of Lyte's Herbal; sometimes used by modern botanists as a name for the genus Heliotropium.

ΘΚΠ

the world > plants > particular plants > plants and herbs > according to family > Boraginaceae (bugloss and allies) > [noun] > heliotropes

heliotropec1000

sunflower1562

turnsole1578

heliotropian1590

sun-seeker1847

1578 H. Lyte tr. R. Dodoens Niewe Herball i. xli. 60 The great Tornesol hath straight round stalkes, couered with a white hearie cotton... The floures be white, at the toppe of the stalke, growing thicke togither in rewes.

1604 B. Jonson His Pt. Royall Entertainem. 171 Agrypnia. or Vigilance, in yellow,..her Chaplet of Heliotropium, or Turnsole.

1707 tr. P. Le Lorrain de Vallemont Curiosities in Husbandry & Gardening 142 The Famous Plant, call'd Heliotrope, Turn-Sole, or Sun-Flower.

1731 P. Miller Gardeners Dict. I. at Heliotropium The great Turnsole of Dioscorides.

1731 P. Miller Gardeners Dict. I. at Heliotropium Blue American Turnsole, with Clary Leaves.

a1832 J. Bentham Deontol. (1834) I. i. 20 Let the moralist regard the great Deontological law, as steadily as the Turnsole looks upon the sun.

1866 J. Lindley & T. Moore Treasury Bot. I. 576/2 The Heliotrope or Turnsole, is a large genus of Ehretiaceæ... They are herbs or undershrubs found chiefly in tropical and subtropical regions, but a few species reach Europe, and one, H[eliotropium] europæum, is distributed over..southern and central Europe.

1887 C. A. Moloney Sketch Forestry W. Afr. 388 Indian Turnsole (Heliotropium indicum, L.).—Small annual.

c. Formerly applied to the Sunflower; also to the Sun-spurge or Wartwort, Euphorbia helioscopia.

ΘΚΠ

the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular cultivated or ornamental plants > particular flower or plant esteemed for flower > [noun] > composite flowers > sunflower

golden flower of Peru1578

Indian sun1578

girasola1586

flower of the sun1597

marigold of Peru1597

marigold sunflower1597

sunflower1597

turnsole1725

sun-seeker1847

the world > plants > particular plants > plants and herbs > according to family > Euphorbiaceae (spurges and allies) > [noun]

catapucec1386

Euphorbiaa1398

spurgea1400

tithymala1400

faitour's grassc1440

cat's-grassc1450

nettlewort1523

essell1527

lint-spurge1548

sea wartwort1548

spurge thyme1548

line-spurge1562

myrtle spurge1562

sun spurge1562

wolf's-milk1575

cypress tithymal1578

devil's milk1578

mercury1578

sea-spurge1597

sun tithymal1597

welcome to our house1597

wood-spurge1597

Euphorbium1606

milk-reed1611

milkwort1640

sun-turning spurge1640

spurge-wort1647

caper-bush1673

Portland spurge1715

milkweed1736

Medusa's head1760

little-good1808

welcome-home-husband1828

three-seeded mercury1846

cat's-milk1861

turnsole1863–79

mole-tree1864

snow-on-the-mountain1873

seven sisters1879

caper-plant1882

asthma herb1887

mountain snow1889

crown of thorns1890

olifants melkbos1898

1725 R. Bradley Chomel's Dictionaire Œconomique at Sunflower It's named Turn-Sol by the Italians and French.

1725 R. Bradley Chomel's Dictionaire Œconomique at Sunflower Between which [trees], at three Foot distance one from the other, our Turn-Sols may be planted.

1804 B. H. Malkin Scenery S. Wales 606 Turnsoles,..though beautiful, are never planted on graves, because they are not sweet-scented.

1863–79 R. C. A. Prior On Pop. Names Brit. Plants Turnsole or Tornsole, a name erroneously given in some old works to the wartwort.

3. attrib., as turnsole paper, turnsole rag, turnsole tincture.

ΚΠ

?1734 P. Shaw Chem. Lect. xi. sig. [N]^v We put four Ounces of what is commonly called Turnsol Rags into an earthen Vessel.

1753 Chambers's Cycl. Suppl. at Turnesol The plant that afforded the Turnesol colour.

1753 Chambers's Cycl. Suppl. at Turnesol The true Turnesol plant here described.

1798 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 88 35 It reddened turnsole paper and tincture.

1836 J. M. Gully tr. F. Magendie Formulary (ed. 2) 191 The solution in question reddened turnsol paper.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1916; most recently modified version published online June 2018).

单词	turnsole
释义	turnsolen. Brit. /ˈtəːnsəʊl/, U.S. /ˈtərnˌsoʊl/ Forms: Middle English turnisoll, Middle English–1700s turnesole, (Middle English–1500s turne-, 1600s turnsoyle, turn(e)soil(e), 1500s turnesoll, turnesell, turnesall, turnesaule, turnsale, turnsowell, tornsole, tornsell, tornsalle, tornesall(e, tornesol(e, tornesolt, tournesoll, tournesole, tournesoule, 1500s–1600s turnsall, 1600s turnsoll, turnsoule, 1600s–1700s turnesol, 1700s tournsol, 1500s–1800s turnsol, Middle English– turnsole. Etymology: < French tournesol (14th cent. in Littré), probably < older Provençal tournasol (now tournosol ) = Spanish tornasol , Portuguese tornassol , Italian tornasole , < Romanic tornare to turn v. + Latin sōl the sun. In French, as in English, first recorded as the name of the colouring matter derived from one of the plants bearing the name. In modern Spanish, Portuguese, and Italian chiefly used in sense 2b. 1. a. A violet-blue or purple colouring matter, obtained from the plant Crozophora tinctoria (see 2a), formerly much used for colouring jellies, confectionery, wines, etc., and later as a pigment. (See also quots. 1712, 1830.)Coarse linen rags are steeped in the juice, and then dried and exposed in vats over an ammoniacal mixture; hence the designation †turnsole in rags = French tournesol en drapeau. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > colour > named colours > purple or purpleness > purple dye or pigment > [noun] turnsole1375 cork1483 jarecork1483 orchil1483 purple1519 purpurisse1519 archil1551 waycoriant1658 orchilla1703 cudbear1772 purple lake1785 imperial purple1788 mauve?1796 phenicin1823 French purple1830 indigo-purple1838 mauve1859 Perkin's mauve1859 violine1859 mauveine1863 purple of Cassiusc1865 tyroline1867 Paris violet1868 Hofmann violet1869 methyl violet1873 punicin1879 crystal violet1885 chrome violet1892 mineral violet1913 Monastral1936 manganese purple1937 1375 Exch. Rolls Scotl. II. 507 Computat per empcionem de iij libris alkynet, j libra de turnisoll, et j libra de savndre. 1392 Earl Derby's Exp. (Camden) 154 Pro iij lb. turnesole ad xiiij d. c1440 Anc. Cookery in Coll. Ordinances Royal Househ. (1790) 437 Colour hit with turnesole, or with ynde, or with alkenet, or saunders, or saffron. 1508 Bk. Keruynge (de Worde) sig. A.iii Tornsole is holsome, for reed wyne colourynge. 1573 Treat. Arte of Limming 4 To make azure and bize sadder, take good blewe tournesoll and wet it in gumme water. 1606 H. Peacham Art of Drawing ii. iv. 53 Turnesoile is made of old linnen ragges died:..it is good to shadow carnations, and all yealowes. 1612 H. Peacham Graphice i. xxiii. 86 The sorts of Red are these. Vermilion. Synaper lake... Red lead. Roset. Turnsoile [etc.]. 1615 G. Markham Eng. Hus-wife in Countrey Contentments ii. ii. 70 If you will haue [the jelly] coloured, then put in a little Tournesall. 1616–61 B. Holyday tr. Persius Sat. 308 The armorists indeed slight your common purple made of grocer's turnesol, a mixture of vermilion and blew bysse, or cynnaber, or the colour of violets. 1688 [see sense 2a]. 1712 J. Browne tr. P. Pomet et al. Compl. Hist. Druggs I. v. xiii. 93/2 Tornesol, or Turnsole in Rags, is made of Linnen Cloth dyed at Constantinople, with Cocheneal and some Acids. The Cotton Turnsole, call'd Portugal or Spanish Wool, is made from Cotton that is..dyed in Spain or Portugal, with Mestich Cochineal. Both Sorts are made use of to colour Liquors, Fruits, and Gellies. There is another Kind of Turnsole that is made with Rags dipp'd in a red Tincture, prepar'd with the Juice of the Berry, and a little acid Liquor. 1783 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 73 39 Acids possess the property of changing the juice of turnsol, or infusion of litmus, red. 1830 J. Lindley Introd. Nat. Syst. Bot. 103 The preparation called Turnsol,..chiefly obtained from Crozophora (Croton) tinctoria, is to be procured equally abundantly from many other plants of the order [Euphorbiaceæ]. 1866 J. Lindley & T. Moore Treasury Bot. I. 352/1 C[rozophora] tinctoria..is cultivated in the South of France for the sake of a dye which is obtained from it. This dye is called Turnsole, and is obtained by grinding the plants..to a pulp in a mill, when they yield about half their weight of a dark green coloured juice, which becomes purple by exposure to the air or under the influence of ammonia. fig.1599 Master Broughtons Lett. Answered xi. 38 Coloured with the Turnsalue of your Phantasticall braine. b. transf. = litmus n.So French tournesol and tournesol en pain. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > colour > named colours > blue or blueness > blue colouring matter > [noun] > blue pigment > specific azurec1374 lapis lazulia1425 litmusc1503 verditer1505 florey1527 bice1548 smalt1558 smalts1591 smalt1598 ultramarine1598 litmus blue1612 verditer1665 ultramarine blue (or colour)1686 blue sublimate1700 Prussian blue1724 terre bleue1728 starch blue1742 king's blue1778 verditel1778 Antwerp brown1787 Berlin blue1794 lacmus1794 Antwerp blue1795 French blue1802 lapis1811 Waterloo blue1815 Waterloo1823 cobalt1835 Thénard's blue1837 iron blue1839 turnsole1839 permanent blue1863 opal blue1880 Haarlem blue1885 cyanine blue1886 cerulean blue1889 Victoria blue1890 Milori blue1899 Prussian1911 Windsor blue1912 gentianine1927 Monastral1936 Alcian Blue1947 1839 A. Ure Dict. Arts 53 The lichen which produces archil is subjected to another preparation, to make turnsole (litmus). This article is made in Holland. 1842 W. T. Brande Dict. Sci., Lit. & Art 671/1 Litmus..a blue pigment obtained from the lichen Rocella..it is often called turnsol, and yields the dye called archil. 2. A plant of which the flowers or leaves turn so as to follow the sun; a heliotrope. a. An annual euphorbiaceous plant, Crozophora tinctoria, the small tornesol of Lyte's Herbal, found wild by the Mediterranean, and cultivated in the south of France for its colouring juice (see 1).In earlier botanical use called Croton tinctorium (or -ius), Ricinoides (Tournefort), and (after Pliny) Heliotropium tricoccum. ΘΚΠ the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > plants used in dyeing > [noun] > other dye-plants and plant parts turnsole1578 puccoon1609 indigo weed1785 African turmeric1888 carajura1966 1578 H. Lyte tr. R. Dodoens Niewe Herball i. xli. 61 With the seede of the smal Tornesoll..they die and stayne old linnen cloutes and ragges into a purple colour,..wherewithall in this countrey men vse to colour gellies, wynes, fine Confections, and Comfittes. 1688 R. Holme Acad. Armory ii. 91/1 Turnsole, at the leaves comes forth three berries..which have within them a juice, or moisture of a purple colour of which that Turn-sole is made; sold by the Drugists. 1728 E. Chambers Cycl. Tornesol, Tournesol, or Turnsol, called also Heliotrope, and Sun-flower, and by the Botanists Ricinoides, a Plant whose Flower is said to follow the Motion of the Sun. 1728 E. Chambers Cycl. The Dutch prepare a kind of Turnsol in Paste or Cakes... But there is Reason to think it a Cheat,..the Tournsol being no Plant of their Growth. 1756 C. Lucas Ess. Waters i. 21 Blews obtained from..archil, tournsol, &c. have their colors exalted or preserved by alcalies. b. The plant Heliotropium europæum, the great tornesol of Lyte's Herbal; sometimes used by modern botanists as a name for the genus Heliotropium. ΘΚΠ the world > plants > particular plants > plants and herbs > according to family > Boraginaceae (bugloss and allies) > [noun] > heliotropes heliotropec1000 sunflower1562 turnsole1578 heliotropian1590 sun-seeker1847 1578 H. Lyte tr. R. Dodoens Niewe Herball i. xli. 60 The great Tornesol hath straight round stalkes, couered with a white hearie cotton... The floures be white, at the toppe of the stalke, growing thicke togither in rewes. 1604 B. Jonson His Pt. Royall Entertainem. 171 Agrypnia. or Vigilance, in yellow,..her Chaplet of Heliotropium, or Turnsole. 1707 tr. P. Le Lorrain de Vallemont Curiosities in Husbandry & Gardening 142 The Famous Plant, call'd Heliotrope, Turn-Sole, or Sun-Flower. 1731 P. Miller Gardeners Dict. I. at Heliotropium The great Turnsole of Dioscorides. 1731 P. Miller Gardeners Dict. I. at Heliotropium Blue American Turnsole, with Clary Leaves. a1832 J. Bentham Deontol. (1834) I. i. 20 Let the moralist regard the great Deontological law, as steadily as the Turnsole looks upon the sun. 1866 J. Lindley & T. Moore Treasury Bot. I. 576/2 The Heliotrope or Turnsole, is a large genus of Ehretiaceæ... They are herbs or undershrubs found chiefly in tropical and subtropical regions, but a few species reach Europe, and one, H[eliotropium] europæum, is distributed over..southern and central Europe. 1887 C. A. Moloney Sketch Forestry W. Afr. 388 Indian Turnsole (Heliotropium indicum, L.).—Small annual. c. Formerly applied to the Sunflower; also to the Sun-spurge or Wartwort, Euphorbia helioscopia. ΘΚΠ the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular cultivated or ornamental plants > particular flower or plant esteemed for flower > [noun] > composite flowers > sunflower golden flower of Peru1578 Indian sun1578 girasola1586 flower of the sun1597 marigold of Peru1597 marigold sunflower1597 sunflower1597 turnsole1725 sun-seeker1847 the world > plants > particular plants > plants and herbs > according to family > Euphorbiaceae (spurges and allies) > [noun] catapucec1386 Euphorbiaa1398 spurgea1400 tithymala1400 faitour's grassc1440 cat's-grassc1450 nettlewort1523 essell1527 lint-spurge1548 sea wartwort1548 spurge thyme1548 line-spurge1562 myrtle spurge1562 sun spurge1562 wolf's-milk1575 cypress tithymal1578 devil's milk1578 mercury1578 sea-spurge1597 sun tithymal1597 welcome to our house1597 wood-spurge1597 Euphorbium1606 milk-reed1611 milkwort1640 sun-turning spurge1640 spurge-wort1647 caper-bush1673 Portland spurge1715 milkweed1736 Medusa's head1760 little-good1808 welcome-home-husband1828 three-seeded mercury1846 cat's-milk1861 turnsole1863–79 mole-tree1864 snow-on-the-mountain1873 seven sisters1879 caper-plant1882 asthma herb1887 mountain snow1889 crown of thorns1890 olifants melkbos1898 1725 R. Bradley Chomel's Dictionaire Œconomique at Sunflower It's named Turn-Sol by the Italians and French. 1725 R. Bradley Chomel's Dictionaire Œconomique at Sunflower Between which [trees], at three Foot distance one from the other, our Turn-Sols may be planted. 1804 B. H. Malkin Scenery S. Wales 606 Turnsoles,..though beautiful, are never planted on graves, because they are not sweet-scented. 1863–79 R. C. A. Prior On Pop. Names Brit. Plants Turnsole or Tornsole, a name erroneously given in some old works to the wartwort. 3. attrib., as turnsole paper, turnsole rag, turnsole tincture. ΚΠ ?1734 P. Shaw Chem. Lect. xi. sig. [N]^v We put four Ounces of what is commonly called Turnsol Rags into an earthen Vessel. 1753 Chambers's Cycl. Suppl. at Turnesol The plant that afforded the Turnesol colour. 1753 Chambers's Cycl. Suppl. at Turnesol The true Turnesol plant here described. 1798 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 88 35 It reddened turnsole paper and tincture. 1836 J. M. Gully tr. F. Magendie Formulary (ed. 2) 191 The solution in question reddened turnsol paper. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1916; most recently modified version published online June 2018). < n.1375
随便看	carnal confederacy carnal knowing carnal knowledge carnal securitan carnal-minded carnal-mindedness carnal-spiritual carnal-witted carnaler carnalest carnalise carnalised carnalises carnalising carnalism carnalisms carnalist carnalite carnalities carnality carnalize carnalized carnalizes carnalizing carnaller