tumbriln.

Brit.

/ˈtʌmbrᵻl/, U.S.

/ˈtəmbrəl/

Forms: Middle English timirell, Middle English tomberel, Middle English tomerel, Middle English tumberel, Middle English tumrel, Middle English tumrelle, Middle English–1500s 1800s tombrill, 1500s tomberell, 1500s tomerell, 1500s tumberell, 1500s tumrell, 1500s–1600s timbrell, 1500s–1600s tumbrelle, 1500s–1700s tombrell, 1500s–1700s tumbrell, 1500s– tumbrel, 1500s– tumbril, 1600s tombrel, 1600s tombril, 1700s tumbral, 1800s timbril, 1800s tumprill (English regional (Lincolnshire)), 1800s– tumril (English regional).

Origin: A borrowing from French. Etymon: French tumbrel.

Etymology: < Anglo-Norman tumbrel, tombrel, tumeril, Anglo-Norman and Old French tumberel, Old French tumerel, Old French, Middle French tomberel counterpoise beam for raising a well bucket (13th cent. in Anglo-Norman), cart that tips to empty its load (13th cent.; early 15th cent. in Middle French denoting a cart of this type used to transport condemned prisoners), instrument of punishment (c1300 in Anglo-Norman; Middle French, French tombereau ) < Anglo-Norman and Old French tomber , tumber to let fall, tumble out (see tumble v.) + -el -el suffix².Related words and parallels in other languages. Compare post-classical Latin tumberellum , tumbrellum , tomberellus , tumberellus instrument of punishment (frequently from early 13th cent. in British sources), cart that tips to empty its load (frequently from 13th cent. in British sources; 14th cent. in continental sources), (part of) a siege machine (from 13th cent. in British sources), counterpoise beam for raising a well-bucket (14th cent. in British sources). Compare also Middle High German tumbrel cart that tips to empty its load (13th cent.), apparently a borrowing from French. Possible evidence for earlier currency. Perhaps compare the following earlier instances from British sources showing a vernacular word in a Latin context, althout it is unclear whether these should be interpreted as reflecting the Middle English word (and hence earlier currency in senses 1 and 3 respectively) or its Anglo-Norman etymon:1275 in W. Illingworth Rotuli Hundredorum (1818) II. 302 Thom' de Furnivall tenet manerium de Wirkesop de honore de Tychill & habet furcas pitte pillory tumberel..quo warranto ignorant & a quo tempore ignorant.1383 Inquisition Misc. (P.R.O.: C 145/228/11) m. 2 Item j carect' et j tomrell et j plow cum tota harnesia prec' xx s'.Compare also the following examples from glossaries, which may reflect significantly earlier currency of sense 4, although these may rather show timbrel n.¹: compare early variants of that word in -u- and also classical Latin cymbalum (singular), cymbala (in post-classical Latin also cimbala ) (plural) cymbals (see cymbal n.) beside classical Latin cymbula small boat ( < cymba boat: see cymbiform adj.).?a1440 Hortus Vocab. in Trans. Bristol & Gloucs. Archaeol. Soc. (1923) 45 266 Cimba, the botme of a pot [perhaps read bot]. Cimbela, a tumberel. Cimbalum, instrumentum musicum a cymbal.1468 Medulla Gram. (St. John's Cambr.) f. 20^v, in Middle Eng. Dict. (at cited word) Cimbula, a tomerel [a1425 Stonyhurst Cimba, þe botme of a bote..Cumba, þe botme of a ship; c1480 Pepys Cimbala, a Cimball, a1500 Harl. 1738 Cimbalum, est instrumentum musicum].

a. A farm cart designed to tilt backwards to tip out its load, typically having two broad wheels and a wide, flat body; spec. a cart of this type used to carry corpses, refuse, or dung; a dung cart. In later use esp.: a cart of this type as used to transport condemned prisoners to execution by guillotine during the French Revolution. Now chiefly historical.Occasionally used as a disparaging term for a carriage or other horse-drawn vehicle.For possible evidence of earlier currency see note in etymology.

ΘΚΠ

society > travel > means of travel > a conveyance > vehicle > cart, carriage, or wagon > cart or wagon for conveying goods > [noun] > types of > dumper or tipper

tumbril1440

tumbling car1811

tilt-cart1834

dumper1856

tipper1920

society > travel > means of travel > a conveyance > vehicle > cart, carriage, or wagon > cart or wagon for conveying goods > [noun] > types of > wagon or cart for specific articles > for dung

dung putt1313

dung cartc1405

tumbril1440

dung pot1575

tumbler1673

mud-cart1749

tumbler-cart1880

Promptorium Parvulorum (Harl. 221) 506 Tumrel, donge carte, fimaria, titubatorium.

a1513 R. Fabyan New Cronycles Eng. & Fraunce (1516) II. f. cxxvii He was taken thens and sette in a Tumbrell & therunto fastenyd with chaynes of iren, and so conueyed bareheded with dynne and crye thorugh the hyghe Stretes of Parys tyll he came vnto the Bysshoppes palays.

1598 Bp. J. Hall Virgidemiarum: 3 Last Bks. v. iv. 76 One peece..hires a Friezeland Trotter halfe yarde deepe, To drag his Tumbrell through the staring Cheape.

1620 G. Markham Farewell to Husb. (1625) 69 Any clay earth..you shall carry it in tumbrels or carriages to the new plowed ground.

1631 Foxe's Actes & Monuments (ed. 7) III. Contin. 69/1 The dead bodies being piled together were conueyed in tumbrils out of the citie.

1676 G. Etherege Man of Mode iii. ii. 42 Have you Taken notice of the Gallesh I brought over?.. 'Tis as easily known from an English Tumbril, As an Inns of Court-man is from one of us.

1700 J. Dryden Chaucer's Cock & Fox in Fables 232 My Corpse is in a Tumbril laid; among The Filth, and Ordure, and enclos'd with Dung.

1764 Dublin Mag. Feb. 88/1 The streets were ill paved, and tumbrils had not been found out to carry off the dirt.

1795 Chronol. Epitome Events French Revol. 56 Marie Antoinette of Austria, Queen of France, is carried in a tumbril..to the place of execution, where she was guillotined.

1856 R. A. Vaughan Hours with Mystics (1860) I. 281 He sees..the emissaries of the Pope..dragged through the streets in a scavenger's tumbril.

1901 Essex Weekly News 8 Mar. 3/3 I had two [sc. pigs] drop dead on one occasion, the result of those at the rear being pressed by the others, owing to the frequent tipping of the tumbril.

1926 W. Lewis Art of being Ruled i. i. 4 The word ‘revolution’..is associated with the rolling of the tumbrils and the baying of the mob.

2020 Times (Nexis) 18 July 31 In his tumbril on the way to the guillotine, the condemned Robespierre would have [etc.].

†b. figurative (derogatory). A person, or a person's mouth, likened to a dung cart, esp. in being foul or repulsive; (also) a drunk. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > goodness and badness > inferiority or baseness > inferior person > [noun] > as abused

warlockOE

swinec1175

beastc1225

wolf's-fista1300

avetrolc1300

congeonc1300

dirtc1300

slimec1315

snipec1325

lurdanc1330

misbegetc1330

sorrowa1350

shrew1362

jordan1377

wirlingc1390

frog?a1400

warianglea1400

wretcha1400

horcop14..

turdc1400

callet1415

lotterela1450

paddock?a1475

souter1478

chuff?a1500

langbain?c1500

cockatrice1508

sow1508

spink1508

wilrone1508

rook?a1513

streaker?a1513

dirt-dauber?1518

marmoset1523

babiona1529

poll-hatcheta1529

bear-wolf1542

misbegotten1546

pig1546

excrement1561

mamzer1562

chuff-cat1563

varlet1566

toada1568

mandrake1568

spider1568

rat1571

bull-beef1573

mole-catcher1573

suppository1573

curtal1578

spider-catcher1579

mongrela1585

roita1585

stickdirta1585

dogfish1589

Poor John1589

dog's facec1590

tar-boxa1592

baboon1592

pot-hunter1592

venom1592

porcupine1594

lick-fingers1595

mouldychaps1595

tripe1595

conundrum1596

fat-guts1598

thornback1599

land-rat1600

midriff1600

stinkardc1600

Tartar1600

tumbril1601

lobster1602

pilcher1602

windfucker?1602

stinker1607

hog rubber1611

shad1612

splay-foot1612

tim1612

whit1612

verdugo1616

renegado1622

fish-facea1625

flea-trapa1625

hound's head1633

mulligrub1633

nightmare1633

toad's-guts1634

bitch-baby1638

shagamuffin1642

shit-breech1648

shitabed1653

snite1653

pissabed1672

bastard1675

swab1687

tar-barrel1695

runt1699

fat-face1740

shit-sack1769

vagabond1842

shick-shack1847

soor1848

b1851

stink-pot1854

molie1871

pig-dog1871

schweinhund1871

wind-sucker1880

fucker1893

cocksucker1894

wart1896

so-and-so1897

swine-hound1899

motherfucker1918

S.O.B.1918

twat1922

mong1926

mucker1929

basket1936

cowson1936

zombie1936

meatball1937

shower1943

chickenshit1945

mugger1945

motherferyer1946

hooer1952

morpion1954

mother1955

mother-raper1959

louser1960

effer1961

salaud1962

gunk1964

scunge1967

1601 J. Weever Mirror of Martyrs sig. Eiij^v But by misfortune t'was the Abbots land Whereas we lay; so by his priuie spies The fat-backt tumbrell soone did vnderstand.

1630 J. Taylor Laugh & be Fat in Wks. ii. 72/1 Thou mightst relate At thy returne, their manners liues and law, Belcht from the tumbrell of thy gorged maw.

1700 W. Congreve Way of World iv. i. 65 Good lack! what shall I do with this beastly Tumbril [sc. a drunken man]?

c. Military. A two-wheeled cart designed to transport ammunition, tools, or other supplies for an army, and sometimes also used to carry dead or injured soldiers. Now historical.

ΘΚΠ

society > travel > means of travel > a conveyance > vehicle > military vehicles > [noun] > vehicles for transport of supplies collectively > two-wheeled cart

tumbril1639

car battery1876

1639 R. Ward Animadversions of Warre i. iv. xliv. 108 The Master of the Ordnance must be very carefull, to see his Store-house be continually furnished with all manner of Provision;..shot of Iron, Leade, and Stone,..small Tumbrels for one Horses draught.

1715 London Gaz. No. 5383/3 We have..carried off..Tombrells with Ammunition.

1803 Duke of Wellington Dispatches (1837) III. 554 Sixty-four tumbrils, completely laden with ammunition, together with three tumbrils of money.

1897 Prince George's Enquirer (Maryland) 12 Mar. The cavalry..was immediately followed by guns, tumbrils, ammunition wagons, and the whole materiel of the army.

1979 P. Mason Skinner of Skinner's Horse ii. vii. 45 Somehow, heaving and straining, they got the gun off the wrecked carriage and on to the ammunition tumbril.

2003 R. G. S. Cooper Anglo-Maratha Campaigns & Contest for India iv. 196 Why had all these guns, tumbrels and equipment been left outside of the fort?

†2. A device for raising and lowering a well bucket, consisting of a long pivoted pole having the bucket attached to one end by a rope and a counterweight at the other; = well sweep n. Obsolete. rare.

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > equipment > lifting or hoisting equipment > [noun] > for raising water > parts of

tumbril?c1475

sucker1686

well-pole1727

gabbards1808

start post1870

?c1475 Catholicon Anglicum (BL Add. 15562) f. 131 A Timirell [1483 BL Add. 89074 Tumrelle] of A wele, appodencium, ciconium, ciconia, tollinum.

?a1500 Nominale (Yale Beinecke 594) in T. Wright & R. P. Wülcker Anglo-Saxon & Old Eng. Vocab. (1884) I. 799/36 Nomina Aquarum... Hoc tolumen, a tumrelle.

3. A device for punishment comprising a wooden chair on two wheels, having one or more long shafts fixed to the axle, into which an offender was fastened and exposed to public ridicule, or conveyed to a pond or river and plunged into water by releasing the shafts. Cf. scold-cart n., cucking-stool n. Now historical.The tumbril was typically used as a form of punishment for women regarded as disorderly or guilty of disturbing the peace, and for dishonest tradespeople.

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > punishment > public or popular punishments > [noun] > stool or ducking-stool

cuck-stool1200

thewc1273

cucking-stoolc1308

stoolc1308

pining-stoolc1400

scolding stool1474

tumbrila1513

cuckle-stool1592

ducking-stool1597

gum-stool1623

trebucheta1641

gumble-stool1653

gogingstool1679

ducking tumbrel1688

a1513 R. Fabyan New Cronycles Eng. & Fraunce (1516) II. f. lxiiii Myllers for stelyng of Corne to be chastysed by y^e Tumbrell.

1581 W. Lambarde Eirenarcha i. xii. 68 Setting on the Pillorie, or Cucking stoole, which in old time was called the Tumbrell.

a1634 E. Coke 1st Pt. Inst. Lawes Eng. (1648) iii. ci. 219 Those that have been adjudged to the Pillory, or Tumbrell, are so infamous [as not to be admitted to give evidence].

1753 Gen. Shop Bk. at Baker If the offence be grievous and often..he shall suffer punishment of the body, viz. a Baker to the pillory, and Brewer to the tumbrel, or some other correction.

1857–9 T. N. Brushfield On Obsolete Punishm. (1861) ii. 5 In the Statutes, manorial claims, and law books, it [sc. the cucking stool] is usually alluded to as a tumbrel or trebuchet.

1932 Sheboygan (Wisconsin) Press 3 Dec. 16/3 The ducking stool was imported to America..along with the tumbrel, which was a ducking stool mobile on wheels.

2014 M. P. Roth Eye for Eye iii. 85 As for petty larceny, the criminal might lose a thumb..or he could be shamed in the pillory or tumbrel, with an added loss of an ear.

†4. Apparently: a small boat or barge; (also) a type of bumboat. Cf. tumbril boat n. at Compounds 2. Obsolete.In quot. a1625 perhaps with punning allusion to sense 1b.For possible evidence of considerably earlier currency see note in etymology.

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > drink > thirst > excess in drinking > [noun] > one who drinks to excess

houndOE

drinkerc1200

keach-cup?c1225

gulchcupa1250

bollerc1320

taverner1340

ale stake?1515

wine-bibber1535

bibber1536

swill-bowl1542

malt-wormc1550

rinse-pitcher1552

bibblera1556

ale knight1556

tosspot1568

ring-pigger1570

troll-the-bowl1575

malt-bug1577

gossip-pint-pot1580

black pot1582

alehouse knight1583

worrier1584

suck-spigot1585

bezzle1592

bezzlera1593

cup-leech1593

soaker1593

carouser1596

barley-cap1598

swiller1598

rob-pot1599

Philistine1600

sponge1600

wine-knight1601

fill-knaga1605

reel-pot1604

faithful1609

fill-pot1609

bouser1611

spigot-sucker1611

suck-pint1611

whip-can1611

bib-all-night1612

afternoon man1615

potling1616

Bacchanalian1617

bombard1617

pot-shot1617

potisuge1620

trougha1625

tumbrila1625

borachioa1627

pot-leech1630

kill-pota1637

biberon1637

bang-pitcher1639

son of Bacchusc1640

shuffler1642

suck-bottlea1652

swill-pot1653

poter1657

potatora1660

old soaker1665

fuddle cap1666

old toast1668

bubber1669

toper1673

ale-toast1691

Bacchant1699

fuddler1699

swill-belly1699

tickle-pitcher1699

whetter1709

draughtsmanc1720

bender1728

drammer1740

dram-drinker1744

drammist1756

rum-bud1805

siper1805

Bacchanal1812

boozera1819

rum-sucker1819

soak1820

imp of the spigot1821

polyposist1821

wineskin1821

sack-guzzler1823

sitfast1828

swill-flagon1829

cup-man1834

swiper1836

Lushington1851

lushing-man1859

bloat1860

pottle pot1860

tipsificator1873

tipsifier1873

pegger1874

swizzler1876

bibulant1883

toss-cup1883

lusher1895

stew-bum1902

shicker1906

stiff1907

souse1915

booze-hound1926

stumblebum1932

tanker1932

lush-hound1935

lushy1944

lush-head1945

binge drinker1946

pisshead1946

hophead1948

society > travel > travel by water > vessel, ship, or boat > vessel of specific construction or shape > flat-bottomed boat > [noun]

plat1449

float1557

flat-bottom1579

tumbrila1625

flat-boat1660

tumbril boat1688

turnel boat1688

flat1749

kettle-bottom1838

flatty1892

a1625 J. Fletcher Womans Prize iii. ii, in F. Beaumont & J. Fletcher Comedies & Trag. (1647) sig. Ooooo3/2 Ped. Didst mark her, when her hood fel in the Posset? Jaq. Yes, and there rid, like a Dutch hoy; the Tumbrel, When she had got her Ballasse.

1798 J. M. Mason Comments Plays Beaumont & Fletcher 302 A tumbrel is a kind of bum-boat, unfit for sailing.

5. English regional (chiefly northern and east midlands). A square rack or trough designed for holding fodder for livestock in a field or farmyard.

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > food > providing or receiving food > feeding animals > [noun] > fodder rack > movable

cratch?1530

tumbril1635

1635 Abp. J. Williams Articles Enq. Linc. sig. A4 Tumbrels, or other things in your church-yard, to fodder cattell in.

1796 in Repertory Arts & Manufactures 4 24 Each tumbrel admits of twelve sheep to feed at a time.

1840 Boston Advert. 30 June 3/4 We went together into the crew, and found some eggs under a tumbril.

1870 Daily News 6 Dec. 2/3 A small quantity of linseed cake, crushed fine, scattered upon the top of the provender, as it is placed in the tumbrils.

1994 C. Upton et al. Surv. Eng. Dial.: Dict. & Gram. 441/1 Tumbril, a movable square feeding-trough used in a farmyard.

Compounds

C1. General use in various types of compound, as in tumbril driver, tumbril wheel, etc.

ΚΠ

1793 J. Sinclair Statist. Acct. Scotl. VI. 609 (note) The axle turned round with the tumbril wheels.

1821 in E. Peacock Gloss. Words Manley & Corringham, Lincs. (1877) (at cited word) 12 tumprill posts at 1^s. 3^d.

1829 Berks. Chron. 7 Nov. Then came the old tumbril-shaped city machine, With a lord-mayor so fat that he made the coach lean.

1901 B. E. Stevenson Soldier of Virginia xix. 237 We finally rigged up a sort of litter out of a portion of the tumbrel top.

1986 D. R. Jones Great Directors at Work iv. 239 Then the scene exploded with the tumbrel driver's song.

2019 D. Willis Killing Times iv. 138 The daily rattle of the tumbril wheels on cobblestones.

C2.

† tumbril boat n. Obsolete a flat-bottomed boat or barge (cf. sense 4); (also) a boat used for carrying military equipment and supplies (cf. sense 1c).

ΘΚΠ

society > travel > travel by water > vessel, ship, or boat > vessel of specific construction or shape > flat-bottomed boat > [noun]

plat1449

float1557

flat-bottom1579

tumbrila1625

flat-boat1660

tumbril boat1688

turnel boat1688

flat1749

kettle-bottom1838

flatty1892

1688 R. Holme Acad. Armory (1905) iii. xv. 26/1 A Tumbrell boate, or flat bottomed boate or Turnell boate.

1773 E. Ives Voy. India i. xi. 158 The major had the satisfaction to be joined by the ammunition and tumbril-boats.

tumbril cart n. now chiefly historical a farm cart designed to tilt backwards to tip out its load, typically having two broad wheels and a wide, flat body; (in later use esp.) a cart of this type as used in the French Revolution to transport condemned prisoners to execution; = sense 1a.

ΚΠ

1657 C. Beck Universal Char. sig. L8^v A tumbrell Cart.

1852 J. Wiggins Pract. Embanking Lands 101 The application of chalk rubbish, i.e. soft chalk, to the land, after the rate of at least ten tumbril cart-loads per acre.

1939 Life 24 Apr. 50/2 Cries of ‘Death to the aristocrats’ rose from the ragged mob behind the tumbrel cart.

2015 Sunday Times (Nexis) 11 Oct. news review 6/5 You could almost hear the creaking of the tumbrel cart that carried prisoners to the guillotine.

tumbril load n. now chiefly historical the amount or quantity held by a tumbril (sense 1a).

ΚΠ

1763 Bedford Level: South Level Acct. Lady Day 1762 to Jan. 17 1763 (Bedford Level Corporation) 36 To Roger Bates for laying on 20 tumbrel loads of litter on the said bridge, as by receipt.

1839 Farmer's Mag. Nov. 327/1 Made 29 large tumbrel loads of raw muck—each tumbrel or cart contained about 45 heaped bushels.

2012 J. Strauss Human Remains 1 On the night of April 7, 1786, a tumbrel-load of corpses left the Saints-Innocents cemetery in the heart of the French capital for catacombs outside the city's walls.

† tumbril-slop n. Obsolete loose, wide breeches; cf. slop n.¹ 4.

ΚΠ

1601 B. Jonson Every Man in his Humor i. iv. sig. D2^v Ile goe neere to fill that huge timbrell slop of yours with somewhat and I haue good lucke.

1826 H. Smith Tor Hill II. 270 That French tumbril-slop is transcendant, your doublet is most premeptory excellent, and the gatherings of your riding tunic in the back are each of them worth a king's ransom.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2022).

单词	tumbril
释义	tumbriln. Brit. /ˈtʌmbrᵻl/, U.S. /ˈtəmbrəl/ Forms: Middle English timirell, Middle English tomberel, Middle English tomerel, Middle English tumberel, Middle English tumrel, Middle English tumrelle, Middle English–1500s 1800s tombrill, 1500s tomberell, 1500s tomerell, 1500s tumberell, 1500s tumrell, 1500s–1600s timbrell, 1500s–1600s tumbrelle, 1500s–1700s tombrell, 1500s–1700s tumbrell, 1500s– tumbrel, 1500s– tumbril, 1600s tombrel, 1600s tombril, 1700s tumbral, 1800s timbril, 1800s tumprill (English regional (Lincolnshire)), 1800s– tumril (English regional). Origin: A borrowing from French. Etymon: French tumbrel. Etymology: < Anglo-Norman tumbrel, tombrel, tumeril, Anglo-Norman and Old French tumberel, Old French tumerel, Old French, Middle French tomberel counterpoise beam for raising a well bucket (13th cent. in Anglo-Norman), cart that tips to empty its load (13th cent.; early 15th cent. in Middle French denoting a cart of this type used to transport condemned prisoners), instrument of punishment (c1300 in Anglo-Norman; Middle French, French tombereau ) < Anglo-Norman and Old French tomber , tumber to let fall, tumble out (see tumble v.) + -el -el suffix².Related words and parallels in other languages. Compare post-classical Latin tumberellum , tumbrellum , tomberellus , tumberellus instrument of punishment (frequently from early 13th cent. in British sources), cart that tips to empty its load (frequently from 13th cent. in British sources; 14th cent. in continental sources), (part of) a siege machine (from 13th cent. in British sources), counterpoise beam for raising a well-bucket (14th cent. in British sources). Compare also Middle High German tumbrel cart that tips to empty its load (13th cent.), apparently a borrowing from French. Possible evidence for earlier currency. Perhaps compare the following earlier instances from British sources showing a vernacular word in a Latin context, althout it is unclear whether these should be interpreted as reflecting the Middle English word (and hence earlier currency in senses 1 and 3 respectively) or its Anglo-Norman etymon:1275 in W. Illingworth Rotuli Hundredorum (1818) II. 302 Thom' de Furnivall tenet manerium de Wirkesop de honore de Tychill & habet furcas pitte pillory tumberel..quo warranto ignorant & a quo tempore ignorant.1383 Inquisition Misc. (P.R.O.: C 145/228/11) m. 2 Item j carect' et j tomrell et j plow cum tota harnesia prec' xx s'.Compare also the following examples from glossaries, which may reflect significantly earlier currency of sense 4, although these may rather show timbrel n.¹: compare early variants of that word in -u- and also classical Latin cymbalum (singular), cymbala (in post-classical Latin also cimbala ) (plural) cymbals (see cymbal n.) beside classical Latin cymbula small boat ( < cymba boat: see cymbiform adj.).?a1440 Hortus Vocab. in Trans. Bristol & Gloucs. Archaeol. Soc. (1923) 45 266 Cimba, the botme of a pot [perhaps read bot]. Cimbela, a tumberel. Cimbalum, instrumentum musicum a cymbal.1468 Medulla Gram. (St. John's Cambr.) f. 20^v, in Middle Eng. Dict. (at cited word) Cimbula, a tomerel [a1425 Stonyhurst Cimba, þe botme of a bote..Cumba, þe botme of a ship; c1480 Pepys Cimbala, a Cimball, a1500 Harl. 1738 Cimbalum, est instrumentum musicum]. 1. a. A farm cart designed to tilt backwards to tip out its load, typically having two broad wheels and a wide, flat body; spec. a cart of this type used to carry corpses, refuse, or dung; a dung cart. In later use esp.: a cart of this type as used to transport condemned prisoners to execution by guillotine during the French Revolution. Now chiefly historical.Occasionally used as a disparaging term for a carriage or other horse-drawn vehicle.For possible evidence of earlier currency see note in etymology. ΘΚΠ society > travel > means of travel > a conveyance > vehicle > cart, carriage, or wagon > cart or wagon for conveying goods > [noun] > types of > dumper or tipper tumbril1440 tumbling car1811 tilt-cart1834 dumper1856 tipper1920 society > travel > means of travel > a conveyance > vehicle > cart, carriage, or wagon > cart or wagon for conveying goods > [noun] > types of > wagon or cart for specific articles > for dung dung putt1313 dung cartc1405 tumbril1440 dung pot1575 tumbler1673 mud-cart1749 tumbler-cart1880 Promptorium Parvulorum (Harl. 221) 506 Tumrel, donge carte, fimaria, titubatorium. a1513 R. Fabyan New Cronycles Eng. & Fraunce (1516) II. f. cxxvii He was taken thens and sette in a Tumbrell & therunto fastenyd with chaynes of iren, and so conueyed bareheded with dynne and crye thorugh the hyghe Stretes of Parys tyll he came vnto the Bysshoppes palays. 1598 Bp. J. Hall Virgidemiarum: 3 Last Bks. v. iv. 76 One peece..hires a Friezeland Trotter halfe yarde deepe, To drag his Tumbrell through the staring Cheape. 1620 G. Markham Farewell to Husb. (1625) 69 Any clay earth..you shall carry it in tumbrels or carriages to the new plowed ground. 1631 Foxe's Actes & Monuments (ed. 7) III. Contin. 69/1 The dead bodies being piled together were conueyed in tumbrils out of the citie. 1676 G. Etherege Man of Mode iii. ii. 42 Have you Taken notice of the Gallesh I brought over?.. 'Tis as easily known from an English Tumbril, As an Inns of Court-man is from one of us. 1700 J. Dryden Chaucer's Cock & Fox in Fables 232 My Corpse is in a Tumbril laid; among The Filth, and Ordure, and enclos'd with Dung. 1764 Dublin Mag. Feb. 88/1 The streets were ill paved, and tumbrils had not been found out to carry off the dirt. 1795 Chronol. Epitome Events French Revol. 56 Marie Antoinette of Austria, Queen of France, is carried in a tumbril..to the place of execution, where she was guillotined. 1856 R. A. Vaughan Hours with Mystics (1860) I. 281 He sees..the emissaries of the Pope..dragged through the streets in a scavenger's tumbril. 1901 Essex Weekly News 8 Mar. 3/3 I had two [sc. pigs] drop dead on one occasion, the result of those at the rear being pressed by the others, owing to the frequent tipping of the tumbril. 1926 W. Lewis Art of being Ruled i. i. 4 The word ‘revolution’..is associated with the rolling of the tumbrils and the baying of the mob. 2020 Times (Nexis) 18 July 31 In his tumbril on the way to the guillotine, the condemned Robespierre would have [etc.]. †b. figurative (derogatory). A person, or a person's mouth, likened to a dung cart, esp. in being foul or repulsive; (also) a drunk. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the mind > goodness and badness > inferiority or baseness > inferior person > [noun] > as abused warlockOE swinec1175 beastc1225 wolf's-fista1300 avetrolc1300 congeonc1300 dirtc1300 slimec1315 snipec1325 lurdanc1330 misbegetc1330 sorrowa1350 shrew1362 jordan1377 wirlingc1390 frog?a1400 warianglea1400 wretcha1400 horcop14.. turdc1400 callet1415 lotterela1450 paddock?a1475 souter1478 chuff?a1500 langbain?c1500 cockatrice1508 sow1508 spink1508 wilrone1508 rook?a1513 streaker?a1513 dirt-dauber?1518 marmoset1523 babiona1529 poll-hatcheta1529 bear-wolf1542 misbegotten1546 pig1546 excrement1561 mamzer1562 chuff-cat1563 varlet1566 toada1568 mandrake1568 spider1568 rat1571 bull-beef1573 mole-catcher1573 suppository1573 curtal1578 spider-catcher1579 mongrela1585 roita1585 stickdirta1585 dogfish1589 Poor John1589 dog's facec1590 tar-boxa1592 baboon1592 pot-hunter1592 venom1592 porcupine1594 lick-fingers1595 mouldychaps1595 tripe1595 conundrum1596 fat-guts1598 thornback1599 land-rat1600 midriff1600 stinkardc1600 Tartar1600 tumbril1601 lobster1602 pilcher1602 windfucker?1602 stinker1607 hog rubber1611 shad1612 splay-foot1612 tim1612 whit1612 verdugo1616 renegado1622 fish-facea1625 flea-trapa1625 hound's head1633 mulligrub1633 nightmare1633 toad's-guts1634 bitch-baby1638 shagamuffin1642 shit-breech1648 shitabed1653 snite1653 pissabed1672 bastard1675 swab1687 tar-barrel1695 runt1699 fat-face1740 shit-sack1769 vagabond1842 shick-shack1847 soor1848 b1851 stink-pot1854 molie1871 pig-dog1871 schweinhund1871 wind-sucker1880 fucker1893 cocksucker1894 wart1896 so-and-so1897 swine-hound1899 motherfucker1918 S.O.B.1918 twat1922 mong1926 mucker1929 basket1936 cowson1936 zombie1936 meatball1937 shower1943 chickenshit1945 mugger1945 motherferyer1946 hooer1952 morpion1954 mother1955 mother-raper1959 louser1960 effer1961 salaud1962 gunk1964 scunge1967 1601 J. Weever Mirror of Martyrs sig. Eiij^v But by misfortune t'was the Abbots land Whereas we lay; so by his priuie spies The fat-backt tumbrell soone did vnderstand. 1630 J. Taylor Laugh & be Fat in Wks. ii. 72/1 Thou mightst relate At thy returne, their manners liues and law, Belcht from the tumbrell of thy gorged maw. 1700 W. Congreve Way of World iv. i. 65 Good lack! what shall I do with this beastly Tumbril [sc. a drunken man]? c. Military. A two-wheeled cart designed to transport ammunition, tools, or other supplies for an army, and sometimes also used to carry dead or injured soldiers. Now historical. ΘΚΠ society > travel > means of travel > a conveyance > vehicle > military vehicles > [noun] > vehicles for transport of supplies collectively > two-wheeled cart tumbril1639 car battery1876 1639 R. Ward Animadversions of Warre i. iv. xliv. 108 The Master of the Ordnance must be very carefull, to see his Store-house be continually furnished with all manner of Provision;..shot of Iron, Leade, and Stone,..small Tumbrels for one Horses draught. 1715 London Gaz. No. 5383/3 We have..carried off..Tombrells with Ammunition. 1803 Duke of Wellington Dispatches (1837) III. 554 Sixty-four tumbrils, completely laden with ammunition, together with three tumbrils of money. 1897 Prince George's Enquirer (Maryland) 12 Mar. The cavalry..was immediately followed by guns, tumbrils, ammunition wagons, and the whole materiel of the army. 1979 P. Mason Skinner of Skinner's Horse ii. vii. 45 Somehow, heaving and straining, they got the gun off the wrecked carriage and on to the ammunition tumbril. 2003 R. G. S. Cooper Anglo-Maratha Campaigns & Contest for India iv. 196 Why had all these guns, tumbrels and equipment been left outside of the fort? †2. A device for raising and lowering a well bucket, consisting of a long pivoted pole having the bucket attached to one end by a rope and a counterweight at the other; = well sweep n. Obsolete. rare. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > equipment > lifting or hoisting equipment > [noun] > for raising water > parts of tumbril?c1475 sucker1686 well-pole1727 gabbards1808 start post1870 ?c1475 Catholicon Anglicum (BL Add. 15562) f. 131 A Timirell [1483 BL Add. 89074 Tumrelle] of A wele, appodencium, ciconium, ciconia, tollinum. ?a1500 Nominale (Yale Beinecke 594) in T. Wright & R. P. Wülcker Anglo-Saxon & Old Eng. Vocab. (1884) I. 799/36 Nomina Aquarum... Hoc tolumen, a tumrelle. 3. A device for punishment comprising a wooden chair on two wheels, having one or more long shafts fixed to the axle, into which an offender was fastened and exposed to public ridicule, or conveyed to a pond or river and plunged into water by releasing the shafts. Cf. scold-cart n., cucking-stool n. Now historical.The tumbril was typically used as a form of punishment for women regarded as disorderly or guilty of disturbing the peace, and for dishonest tradespeople. ΘΚΠ society > authority > punishment > public or popular punishments > [noun] > stool or ducking-stool cuck-stool1200 thewc1273 cucking-stoolc1308 stoolc1308 pining-stoolc1400 scolding stool1474 tumbrila1513 cuckle-stool1592 ducking-stool1597 gum-stool1623 trebucheta1641 gumble-stool1653 gogingstool1679 ducking tumbrel1688 a1513 R. Fabyan New Cronycles Eng. & Fraunce (1516) II. f. lxiiii Myllers for stelyng of Corne to be chastysed by y^e Tumbrell. 1581 W. Lambarde Eirenarcha i. xii. 68 Setting on the Pillorie, or Cucking stoole, which in old time was called the Tumbrell. a1634 E. Coke 1st Pt. Inst. Lawes Eng. (1648) iii. ci. 219 Those that have been adjudged to the Pillory, or Tumbrell, are so infamous [as not to be admitted to give evidence]. 1753 Gen. Shop Bk. at Baker If the offence be grievous and often..he shall suffer punishment of the body, viz. a Baker to the pillory, and Brewer to the tumbrel, or some other correction. 1857–9 T. N. Brushfield On Obsolete Punishm. (1861) ii. 5 In the Statutes, manorial claims, and law books, it [sc. the cucking stool] is usually alluded to as a tumbrel or trebuchet. 1932 Sheboygan (Wisconsin) Press 3 Dec. 16/3 The ducking stool was imported to America..along with the tumbrel, which was a ducking stool mobile on wheels. 2014 M. P. Roth Eye for Eye iii. 85 As for petty larceny, the criminal might lose a thumb..or he could be shamed in the pillory or tumbrel, with an added loss of an ear. †4. Apparently: a small boat or barge; (also) a type of bumboat. Cf. tumbril boat n. at Compounds 2. Obsolete.In quot. a1625 perhaps with punning allusion to sense 1b.For possible evidence of considerably earlier currency see note in etymology. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > drink > thirst > excess in drinking > [noun] > one who drinks to excess houndOE drinkerc1200 keach-cup?c1225 gulchcupa1250 bollerc1320 taverner1340 ale stake?1515 wine-bibber1535 bibber1536 swill-bowl1542 malt-wormc1550 rinse-pitcher1552 bibblera1556 ale knight1556 tosspot1568 ring-pigger1570 troll-the-bowl1575 malt-bug1577 gossip-pint-pot1580 black pot1582 alehouse knight1583 worrier1584 suck-spigot1585 bezzle1592 bezzlera1593 cup-leech1593 soaker1593 carouser1596 barley-cap1598 swiller1598 rob-pot1599 Philistine1600 sponge1600 wine-knight1601 fill-knaga1605 reel-pot1604 faithful1609 fill-pot1609 bouser1611 spigot-sucker1611 suck-pint1611 whip-can1611 bib-all-night1612 afternoon man1615 potling1616 Bacchanalian1617 bombard1617 pot-shot1617 potisuge1620 trougha1625 tumbrila1625 borachioa1627 pot-leech1630 kill-pota1637 biberon1637 bang-pitcher1639 son of Bacchusc1640 shuffler1642 suck-bottlea1652 swill-pot1653 poter1657 potatora1660 old soaker1665 fuddle cap1666 old toast1668 bubber1669 toper1673 ale-toast1691 Bacchant1699 fuddler1699 swill-belly1699 tickle-pitcher1699 whetter1709 draughtsmanc1720 bender1728 drammer1740 dram-drinker1744 drammist1756 rum-bud1805 siper1805 Bacchanal1812 boozera1819 rum-sucker1819 soak1820 imp of the spigot1821 polyposist1821 wineskin1821 sack-guzzler1823 sitfast1828 swill-flagon1829 cup-man1834 swiper1836 Lushington1851 lushing-man1859 bloat1860 pottle pot1860 tipsificator1873 tipsifier1873 pegger1874 swizzler1876 bibulant1883 toss-cup1883 lusher1895 stew-bum1902 shicker1906 stiff1907 souse1915 booze-hound1926 stumblebum1932 tanker1932 lush-hound1935 lushy1944 lush-head1945 binge drinker1946 pisshead1946 hophead1948 society > travel > travel by water > vessel, ship, or boat > vessel of specific construction or shape > flat-bottomed boat > [noun] plat1449 float1557 flat-bottom1579 tumbrila1625 flat-boat1660 tumbril boat1688 turnel boat1688 flat1749 kettle-bottom1838 flatty1892 a1625 J. Fletcher Womans Prize iii. ii, in F. Beaumont & J. Fletcher Comedies & Trag. (1647) sig. Ooooo3/2 Ped. Didst mark her, when her hood fel in the Posset? Jaq. Yes, and there rid, like a Dutch hoy; the Tumbrel, When she had got her Ballasse. 1798 J. M. Mason Comments Plays Beaumont & Fletcher 302 A tumbrel is a kind of bum-boat, unfit for sailing. 5. English regional (chiefly northern and east midlands). A square rack or trough designed for holding fodder for livestock in a field or farmyard. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > food > providing or receiving food > feeding animals > [noun] > fodder rack > movable cratch?1530 tumbril1635 1635 Abp. J. Williams Articles Enq. Linc. sig. A4 Tumbrels, or other things in your church-yard, to fodder cattell in. 1796 in Repertory Arts & Manufactures 4 24 Each tumbrel admits of twelve sheep to feed at a time. 1840 Boston Advert. 30 June 3/4 We went together into the crew, and found some eggs under a tumbril. 1870 Daily News 6 Dec. 2/3 A small quantity of linseed cake, crushed fine, scattered upon the top of the provender, as it is placed in the tumbrils. 1994 C. Upton et al. Surv. Eng. Dial.: Dict. & Gram. 441/1 Tumbril, a movable square feeding-trough used in a farmyard. Compounds C1. General use in various types of compound, as in tumbril driver, tumbril wheel, etc. ΚΠ 1793 J. Sinclair Statist. Acct. Scotl. VI. 609 (note) The axle turned round with the tumbril wheels. 1821 in E. Peacock Gloss. Words Manley & Corringham, Lincs. (1877) (at cited word) 12 tumprill posts at 1^s. 3^d. 1829 Berks. Chron. 7 Nov. Then came the old tumbril-shaped city machine, With a lord-mayor so fat that he made the coach lean. 1901 B. E. Stevenson Soldier of Virginia xix. 237 We finally rigged up a sort of litter out of a portion of the tumbrel top. 1986 D. R. Jones Great Directors at Work iv. 239 Then the scene exploded with the tumbrel driver's song. 2019 D. Willis Killing Times iv. 138 The daily rattle of the tumbril wheels on cobblestones. C2. † tumbril boat n. Obsolete a flat-bottomed boat or barge (cf. sense 4); (also) a boat used for carrying military equipment and supplies (cf. sense 1c). ΘΚΠ society > travel > travel by water > vessel, ship, or boat > vessel of specific construction or shape > flat-bottomed boat > [noun] plat1449 float1557 flat-bottom1579 tumbrila1625 flat-boat1660 tumbril boat1688 turnel boat1688 flat1749 kettle-bottom1838 flatty1892 1688 R. Holme Acad. Armory (1905) iii. xv. 26/1 A Tumbrell boate, or flat bottomed boate or Turnell boate. 1773 E. Ives Voy. India i. xi. 158 The major had the satisfaction to be joined by the ammunition and tumbril-boats. tumbril cart n. now chiefly historical a farm cart designed to tilt backwards to tip out its load, typically having two broad wheels and a wide, flat body; (in later use esp.) a cart of this type as used in the French Revolution to transport condemned prisoners to execution; = sense 1a. ΚΠ 1657 C. Beck Universal Char. sig. L8^v A tumbrell Cart. 1852 J. Wiggins Pract. Embanking Lands 101 The application of chalk rubbish, i.e. soft chalk, to the land, after the rate of at least ten tumbril cart-loads per acre. 1939 Life 24 Apr. 50/2 Cries of ‘Death to the aristocrats’ rose from the ragged mob behind the tumbrel cart. 2015 Sunday Times (Nexis) 11 Oct. news review 6/5 You could almost hear the creaking of the tumbrel cart that carried prisoners to the guillotine. tumbril load n. now chiefly historical the amount or quantity held by a tumbril (sense 1a). ΚΠ 1763 Bedford Level: South Level Acct. Lady Day 1762 to Jan. 17 1763 (Bedford Level Corporation) 36 To Roger Bates for laying on 20 tumbrel loads of litter on the said bridge, as by receipt. 1839 Farmer's Mag. Nov. 327/1 Made 29 large tumbrel loads of raw muck—each tumbrel or cart contained about 45 heaped bushels. 2012 J. Strauss Human Remains 1 On the night of April 7, 1786, a tumbrel-load of corpses left the Saints-Innocents cemetery in the heart of the French capital for catacombs outside the city's walls. † tumbril-slop n. Obsolete loose, wide breeches; cf. slop n.¹ 4. ΚΠ 1601 B. Jonson Every Man in his Humor i. iv. sig. D2^v Ile goe neere to fill that huge timbrell slop of yours with somewhat and I haue good lucke. View more context for this quotation 1826 H. Smith Tor Hill II. 270 That French tumbril-slop is transcendant, your doublet is most premeptory excellent, and the gatherings of your riding tunic in the back are each of them worth a king's ransom. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2022). < n.1440
随便看	safenesses safeopener safer safes safest safeswung safetied safetier safeties safetiest safetray safety safety arch safety audit safety bar safety barrier safety beam safety bell safety belt safety bicycle safety boat safety bolt safety boot safety box safety buoy