upsilonn.

Brit.

/(j)uːpˈsʌɪlən/,

/ᵿpˈsʌɪlən/,

/ˈʌpsᵻlɒn/,

/ˈ(j)uːpsᵻlɒn/, U.S.

/ˈ(j)upsəˌlɑn/,

/ˈəpsəˌlɑn/

Forms:

α. 1500s– ypsilon.

β. 1600s vpsilon, 1600s– upsilon.

Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from French. Partly a borrowing from Latin. Etymons: French ypsilon; Latin ypsilon.

Etymology: < (i) Middle French, French †ypsilon the name of the Greek letter (1529; c1400 as ypsilo ; 1704 as upsilon , now the usual form), and its etymon (ii) post-classical Latin ypsilon (13th cent. in a British source) < Byzantine Greek ὖ ψιλόν ‘slender u’ < ancient Greek ὖ , the letter (see U n.¹) + ψιλόν , neuter of ψιλός bare, smooth, mere (see psilo- comb. form), so called with reference to its later sound /y/.With sense 3 compare scientific Latin ypsilon (1775 (as ypsillon) as the specific name of a moth).

1. (The name of) the 20th letter of the Greek alphabet, Υ, υ (originally V, Y). Cf. U n.¹, V n., and Y n.In transliterating ancient Greek, usually rendered as u or y.In quot. 1799 at β. : attributive with the sense ‘having the form of this letter’.

ΘΚΠ

society > communication > writing > written character > name of written character > [noun] > Greek

alphac1175

muc1175

betaa1400

taua1400

chic1400

deltac1400

etac1400

kappac1400

gamma?a1425

lambda?a1425

nu?a1425

phi?a1425

pi?a1425

psi?a1425

rho?a1425

xi?a1425

zeta?a1425

upsilon1559

san1584

omega1599

theta1603

iota1607

sigma1607

omicron1631

digamma1699

epsilon1842

zeta1850

α.

1559 W. Bavand tr. J. Ferrarius Common Weale i. i. fol. 5 The braunched letter of the Grekes that Ypsilon thei reade [L. Et tibi quae Samios diduxit littera ramos (Persius Satires 3. 56)].

1567 W. Salesbury in A. J. Ellis On Early Eng. Pronunc. (1871) III. 763 (margin) The englishe Scolers tongues be marueilously tormented in soundyng of the Greke ypsilon and yet atain not to the right sound.

1609 H. Clapham Chronol. Disc. i. sig. B3 As for U. in the word Church, it hauing in stead thereof, Y. in the word Kyrk, that falles out by same reason, as some pronounce the letter, Vpsilon, others Ypsilon.

1640 J. Parkinson Theatrum Botanicum ix. ii. 960 Written as well with Ypsilon as Iota.

1683 in tr. Eusebius Eccl. Hist. v. xvii. 340 (margin) The second Verse of the reverse side began with Omicron, the fourth with Ypsilon.

a1750 W. Gibson New Treat. Dis. Horses (1751) ii. i. 35 The Bone of the Tongue called the Os Hyoides, from the resemblance it has to the Greek Letter υ ypsilon.

1792 Ld. Monboddo Of Origin & Progress of Lang. VI. ii. 109 English wants one of them [sc. a sound] namely, the Greek ypsilon, or French u.

1841 R. G. Latham Eng. Lang. ix. 175 The Romans modified their Alphabet by the Alphabet of the Italian Greeks; these Italian Greeks using the late Greek Alphabet. This accounts for the presence of v, originating in the Greek Ypsilon.

1890 Harper's New Monthly Mag. Feb. 348/2 Now that thar, that is ypsilon, and that is pe, and that is omikron. That spells hoopo, I reckon, and means ‘of’.

1960 Language 36 419 Fascicle 9 [of the Dizionario etimologico sardo] ends with yuvare (but y is yod, not ypsilon, and follows i).

2009 Zeitschr. f. Papyrologie u. Epigraphik 170 244 On the plate it is possible to recognise ypsilon instead of ny.

β. 1603 P. Holland tr. Plutarch Morals 788 Vowels..of the last kinde, ought by good right to be esteemed of greater woorth and puissance than the rest; and of them, that is, to have and hold the place of a capitainnesse, which in composition and making of a diphthong, goeth alwaies before the other two, and never commeth behinde; and that is Alpha, which nether secondeth Jöta, or Upsilon [Fr. Ypsilon; Gk. υ] so, as that it will in such composition yeeld or helpe to make one syllable of those twaine.1642 J. Howell Instr. Forreine Travell xi. 149 In some places of the Morea..they confound these three leters η, ι, υ (Eta, Iota, Upsilon).1693 J. Dryden in tr. Persius Satires iii. 44 (note) Pithagoras of Samos, made the allusion of the Y, or Greek Upsilon, to Vice and Virtue.1764 Ann. Reg. 1763 ii. Misc. 194/1 The last notes..(pronounced as the Greek upsilon, or the French u).1799 R. Townson Tracts & Observ. Nat. Hist. & Physiol. 75 The upsilon Cartilage.1820 T. S. Hughes Trav. Sicily I. 245 The only people who pronounce the letter upsilon like the Italian u.1854 J. S. Bushnan in Orr's Circle Sci.: Org. Nature I. 121 The hyoid bone is described as having the shape of the Greek upsilon.1871 Ladies' Repository Jan. 105/1 The legend adds that its leaves were marked with the Greek letter Upsilon, but, if so, time must have obliterated it, for it is not found upon them now.1929 S. Angus Relig. Quests Graeco-Roman World xvii. 308 The symbolic Pythagorean letter Upsilon divides the scene into two sections: on the right Virtue is seated as a woman with a little child.1989 P. O'Brian Thirteen-gun Salute ix. 273 I am no Grecian either, but I did get as far as upsilon; and there I met with the word hybris, which some writers use for insolent pride of strength or achievement, open unguarded triumph and exultation.2011 Daily Tel. (Nexis) 31 Jan. 21 The Romans, who wrote in what we call capitals, used V (adapted from upsilon) for the sounds of both ‘w’ and ‘u’.

2. Astronomy. Used in the name of the twentieth star (typically the twentieth brightest) in a constellation. Usually with the Latin genitive of the constellation name (or an abbreviation of this) as a postmodifier. Frequently written υ.The practice of using Greek letters to designate the stars in a constellation was introduced in J. Bayer Uranometria (1603).

ΚΠ

1786 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 76 191 (table) 50 or υ Andromedæ.

1851 J. Timbs Year-bk. of Facts 275 Next evening the star was on the parallel of Arcturus, near Eta Bootis;..on the 13th situate between Eta and Upsilon.

1892 Astron. & Astro-physics 11 943 Several nearly stationary meteors fixed its position as R. A. 1^h 30^m. Dec. +40° 30′, very near Upsilon Andromedæ.

1934 Sci. News Let. 16 June 376/1 Dr. Morgan..identified argon as one of the gaseous elements in the atmosphere of the star called Upsilon Sagittari.

2001 D. Weldrake in P. Moore 2002 Yearbk. Astron. ii. 183 As far as we know, the Upsilon Andromedae system is unique, in consisting of three confirmed planetary bodies.

†3. A European noctuid moth, Parastichtis ypsillon, with a dark marking on the forewing resembling the letter upsilon. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > animals > invertebrates > phylum Arthropoda > class Insecta > Heterocera > [noun] > family Caradrinidae > orthosia upsilon

upsilon1819

1819 G. Samouelle Entomologist's Compend. 420 Noctua..Upsilon The Dismal.

1832 J. Rennie Conspectus Butterflies & Moths Brit. 59 The Upsilon (Orthosia Upsilon, Ochsenheimer) appears in July,..the stigmata pale, between which is a black mark resembling a Y or V.

4. Particle Physics.

a. An apparent particle which was later found not to exist, the ‘evidence’ for it being the result of random error. Now historical.

ΚΠ

1976 Daily Tel. 7 Feb. 10/4 Upsilon was discovered by a team of scientists from Columbia University, New York, the Fermi Laboratory and the State University of New York.

1976 D. C. Hom et al. in Physical Rev. Lett. 24 May 1239/2 We suggest the name Υ (upsilon) be given either to the resonance at 6 GeV if confirmed or to the onset of high-mass dilepton physics.

1998 K. C. Cole Universe & Teacup ii. viii. 89 Particle physicist Leon Lederman had a similar experience with a particle called the upsilon that soon became known as the ‘Oops, Leon’. Again, it was noise masquerading as signal. Later, the upsilon was pinned down with a better set of data.

b. . A meson with a mass of approx. 9.46 GeV that consists of a bottom quark bound to its antiquark. Also more fully upsilon particle. Frequently written Υ.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > physics > atomic physics > particle physics > particle participating in strong interaction > meson > [noun] > type of

tau1949

photomeson1950

theta1954

eta1961

omega meson1961

rho1961

phi meson1962

bottomonium1976

quarkonium1977

upsilon1977

1977 S. W. Herb et al. in Physical Rev. Lett. 1 Aug. 255/2 A reasonable designation for this enhancement is Υ(9·5).

1984 New Scientist 16 Aug. 20/1 The researchers were studying the energy region of the upsilon particle—formed from a bottom quark bound with its antiquark.

2012 N. Mee Higgs Force viii. 251 The interpretation of upsilon as a bottom-antibottom pair.

Derivatives

upˈsilonism n. rare tendency to use the letter u.Apparently an isolated use.

ΘΚΠ

society > communication > writing > manner of writing > [noun] > marked use or repetition of letter s > of letter u

upsilonism1879

1879 T. F. Simmons Lay Folks Mass Bk. Introd. p. lvi The perpetual upsilonism of our West-Midland text E.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2013; most recently modified version published online December 2021).

单词	upsilon
释义	upsilonn. Brit. /(j)uːpˈsʌɪlən/, /ᵿpˈsʌɪlən/, /ˈʌpsᵻlɒn/, /ˈ(j)uːpsᵻlɒn/, U.S. /ˈ(j)upsəˌlɑn/, /ˈəpsəˌlɑn/ Forms: α. 1500s– ypsilon. β. 1600s vpsilon, 1600s– upsilon. Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from French. Partly a borrowing from Latin. Etymons: French ypsilon; Latin ypsilon. Etymology: < (i) Middle French, French †ypsilon the name of the Greek letter (1529; c1400 as ypsilo ; 1704 as upsilon , now the usual form), and its etymon (ii) post-classical Latin ypsilon (13th cent. in a British source) < Byzantine Greek ὖ ψιλόν ‘slender u’ < ancient Greek ὖ , the letter (see U n.¹) + ψιλόν , neuter of ψιλός bare, smooth, mere (see psilo- comb. form), so called with reference to its later sound /y/.With sense 3 compare scientific Latin ypsilon (1775 (as ypsillon) as the specific name of a moth). 1. (The name of) the 20th letter of the Greek alphabet, Υ, υ (originally V, Y). Cf. U n.¹, V n., and Y n.In transliterating ancient Greek, usually rendered as u or y.In quot. 1799 at β. : attributive with the sense ‘having the form of this letter’. ΘΚΠ society > communication > writing > written character > name of written character > [noun] > Greek alphac1175 muc1175 betaa1400 taua1400 chic1400 deltac1400 etac1400 kappac1400 gamma?a1425 lambda?a1425 nu?a1425 phi?a1425 pi?a1425 psi?a1425 rho?a1425 xi?a1425 zeta?a1425 upsilon1559 san1584 omega1599 theta1603 iota1607 sigma1607 omicron1631 digamma1699 epsilon1842 zeta1850 α. 1559 W. Bavand tr. J. Ferrarius Common Weale i. i. fol. 5 The braunched letter of the Grekes that Ypsilon thei reade [L. Et tibi quae Samios diduxit littera ramos (Persius Satires 3. 56)]. 1567 W. Salesbury in A. J. Ellis On Early Eng. Pronunc. (1871) III. 763 (margin) The englishe Scolers tongues be marueilously tormented in soundyng of the Greke ypsilon and yet atain not to the right sound. 1609 H. Clapham Chronol. Disc. i. sig. B3 As for U. in the word Church, it hauing in stead thereof, Y. in the word Kyrk, that falles out by same reason, as some pronounce the letter, Vpsilon, others Ypsilon. 1640 J. Parkinson Theatrum Botanicum ix. ii. 960 Written as well with Ypsilon as Iota. 1683 in tr. Eusebius Eccl. Hist. v. xvii. 340 (margin) The second Verse of the reverse side began with Omicron, the fourth with Ypsilon. a1750 W. Gibson New Treat. Dis. Horses (1751) ii. i. 35 The Bone of the Tongue called the Os Hyoides, from the resemblance it has to the Greek Letter υ ypsilon. 1792 Ld. Monboddo Of Origin & Progress of Lang. VI. ii. 109 English wants one of them [sc. a sound] namely, the Greek ypsilon, or French u. 1841 R. G. Latham Eng. Lang. ix. 175 The Romans modified their Alphabet by the Alphabet of the Italian Greeks; these Italian Greeks using the late Greek Alphabet. This accounts for the presence of v, originating in the Greek Ypsilon. 1890 Harper's New Monthly Mag. Feb. 348/2 Now that thar, that is ypsilon, and that is pe, and that is omikron. That spells hoopo, I reckon, and means ‘of’. 1960 Language 36 419 Fascicle 9 [of the Dizionario etimologico sardo] ends with yuvare (but y is yod, not ypsilon, and follows i). 2009 Zeitschr. f. Papyrologie u. Epigraphik 170 244 On the plate it is possible to recognise ypsilon instead of ny. β. 1603 P. Holland tr. Plutarch Morals 788 Vowels..of the last kinde, ought by good right to be esteemed of greater woorth and puissance than the rest; and of them, that is, to have and hold the place of a capitainnesse, which in composition and making of a diphthong, goeth alwaies before the other two, and never commeth behinde; and that is Alpha, which nether secondeth Jöta, or Upsilon [Fr. Ypsilon; Gk. υ] so, as that it will in such composition yeeld or helpe to make one syllable of those twaine.1642 J. Howell Instr. Forreine Travell xi. 149 In some places of the Morea..they confound these three leters η, ι, υ (Eta, Iota, Upsilon).1693 J. Dryden in tr. Persius Satires iii. 44 (note) Pithagoras of Samos, made the allusion of the Y, or Greek Upsilon, to Vice and Virtue.1764 Ann. Reg. 1763 ii. Misc. 194/1 The last notes..(pronounced as the Greek upsilon, or the French u).1799 R. Townson Tracts & Observ. Nat. Hist. & Physiol. 75 The upsilon Cartilage.1820 T. S. Hughes Trav. Sicily I. 245 The only people who pronounce the letter upsilon like the Italian u.1854 J. S. Bushnan in Orr's Circle Sci.: Org. Nature I. 121 The hyoid bone is described as having the shape of the Greek upsilon.1871 Ladies' Repository Jan. 105/1 The legend adds that its leaves were marked with the Greek letter Upsilon, but, if so, time must have obliterated it, for it is not found upon them now.1929 S. Angus Relig. Quests Graeco-Roman World xvii. 308 The symbolic Pythagorean letter Upsilon divides the scene into two sections: on the right Virtue is seated as a woman with a little child.1989 P. O'Brian Thirteen-gun Salute ix. 273 I am no Grecian either, but I did get as far as upsilon; and there I met with the word hybris, which some writers use for insolent pride of strength or achievement, open unguarded triumph and exultation.2011 Daily Tel. (Nexis) 31 Jan. 21 The Romans, who wrote in what we call capitals, used V (adapted from upsilon) for the sounds of both ‘w’ and ‘u’. 2. Astronomy. Used in the name of the twentieth star (typically the twentieth brightest) in a constellation. Usually with the Latin genitive of the constellation name (or an abbreviation of this) as a postmodifier. Frequently written υ.The practice of using Greek letters to designate the stars in a constellation was introduced in J. Bayer Uranometria (1603). ΚΠ 1786 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 76 191 (table) 50 or υ Andromedæ. 1851 J. Timbs Year-bk. of Facts 275 Next evening the star was on the parallel of Arcturus, near Eta Bootis;..on the 13th situate between Eta and Upsilon. 1892 Astron. & Astro-physics 11 943 Several nearly stationary meteors fixed its position as R. A. 1^h 30^m. Dec. +40° 30′, very near Upsilon Andromedæ. 1934 Sci. News Let. 16 June 376/1 Dr. Morgan..identified argon as one of the gaseous elements in the atmosphere of the star called Upsilon Sagittari. 2001 D. Weldrake in P. Moore 2002 Yearbk. Astron. ii. 183 As far as we know, the Upsilon Andromedae system is unique, in consisting of three confirmed planetary bodies. †3. A European noctuid moth, Parastichtis ypsillon, with a dark marking on the forewing resembling the letter upsilon. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > animals > invertebrates > phylum Arthropoda > class Insecta > Heterocera > [noun] > family Caradrinidae > orthosia upsilon upsilon1819 1819 G. Samouelle Entomologist's Compend. 420 Noctua..Upsilon The Dismal. 1832 J. Rennie Conspectus Butterflies & Moths Brit. 59 The Upsilon (Orthosia Upsilon, Ochsenheimer) appears in July,..the stigmata pale, between which is a black mark resembling a Y or V. 4. Particle Physics. a. An apparent particle which was later found not to exist, the ‘evidence’ for it being the result of random error. Now historical. ΚΠ 1976 Daily Tel. 7 Feb. 10/4 Upsilon was discovered by a team of scientists from Columbia University, New York, the Fermi Laboratory and the State University of New York. 1976 D. C. Hom et al. in Physical Rev. Lett. 24 May 1239/2 We suggest the name Υ (upsilon) be given either to the resonance at 6 GeV if confirmed or to the onset of high-mass dilepton physics. 1998 K. C. Cole Universe & Teacup ii. viii. 89 Particle physicist Leon Lederman had a similar experience with a particle called the upsilon that soon became known as the ‘Oops, Leon’. Again, it was noise masquerading as signal. Later, the upsilon was pinned down with a better set of data. b. . A meson with a mass of approx. 9.46 GeV that consists of a bottom quark bound to its antiquark. Also more fully upsilon particle. Frequently written Υ. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > physics > atomic physics > particle physics > particle participating in strong interaction > meson > [noun] > type of tau1949 photomeson1950 theta1954 eta1961 omega meson1961 rho1961 phi meson1962 bottomonium1976 quarkonium1977 upsilon1977 1977 S. W. Herb et al. in Physical Rev. Lett. 1 Aug. 255/2 A reasonable designation for this enhancement is Υ(9·5). 1984 New Scientist 16 Aug. 20/1 The researchers were studying the energy region of the upsilon particle—formed from a bottom quark bound with its antiquark. 2012 N. Mee Higgs Force viii. 251 The interpretation of upsilon as a bottom-antibottom pair. Derivatives upˈsilonism n. rare tendency to use the letter u.Apparently an isolated use. ΘΚΠ society > communication > writing > manner of writing > [noun] > marked use or repetition of letter s > of letter u upsilonism1879 1879 T. F. Simmons Lay Folks Mass Bk. Introd. p. lvi The perpetual upsilonism of our West-Midland text E. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2013; most recently modified version published online December 2021). < n.1559
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