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单词 us
释义

uspron.n.adj.

Brit. /ʌs/, /əs/, U.S. /əs/
Forms:

α. Old English–1600s vs, Old English– us, early Middle English uss ( Ormulum), Middle English oos, Middle English os, Middle English ows, Middle English vsse, Middle English vus, Middle English ws, Middle English wus, Middle English–1500s ous, 1600s vss; English regional 1800s as (Yorkshire), 1800s ehz (Yorkshire), 1800s ust (Norfolk), 1800s– az (Yorkshire), 1800s– es (chiefly south-western), 1800s– ess (Devon), 1800s– ez (Yorkshire and south-western), 1800s– uz (chiefly northern and north midlands), 1900s is (north-eastern), 1900s ous (Yorkshire); Scottish pre-1700 os, pre-1700 us, pre-1700 uss, pre-1700 usz, pre-1700 vs, pre-1700 ws, pre-1700 wsz, pre-1700 1700s ous, 1700s ows, 1800s wes (Orkney), 1800s wez (Orkney), 1800s wus (Orkney), 1800s– 'is, 1800s– iz, 1800s– wis (Shetland), 1800s– wiz (Shetland), 1900s– is, 1900s– 'iz, 1900s– oos, 1900s– uz; Irish English 1700s yus (northern), 1800s ouse (Wexford), 1800s– iz (northern); N.E.D. (1926) also records a form 1800s ous (regional).

β. early Middle English hous, Middle English hus, Middle English husse, Middle English hvse, Middle English hws, 1500s huse; English regional 1800s– hess (Devon), 1800s– hiz (Cumberland), 1800s– hus (Northumberland), 1800s– huz (northern and midlands); Scottish 1500s 1800s– his, 1700s–1800s hus, 1800s hooz (southern), 1800s huzz, 1800s– hiz, 1800s– huss, 1800s– huz, 1900s– hes, 1900s– hez; Irish English (northern) 1800s– hiz, 1900s– his, 1900s– hus, 1900s– huz.

γ. Enclitic (chiefly in let's: cf. let v.1 14a) 1500s– -s (now regional and nonstandard), 1600s– -'s, 1800s– -'z (chiefly Scottish), 1900s– -z (chiefly Scottish).

Origin: A word inherited from Germanic.
Etymology: Cognate with Old Frisian ūs (West Frisian ús ), Middle Dutch ons (Dutch ons ), Old Saxon ūs (Middle Low German ūs ), Old High German uns (Middle High German uns , German uns ), Old Icelandic oss (Icelandic (honorific) oss ), Faroese (archaic) oss , Norn (Orkney and Shetland) vus , (Shetland) wus , Norwegian oss , Old Swedish os , ōs , us (Swedish oss ), Old Danish us , oos , os , oss (Danish os ), Gothic uns (also unsis ), ultimately < the same Indo-European base as ancient Greek (Aeolic and Epic) ἄμμες , first person plural pronoun, Sanskrit asma- , stressed oblique stem of the first person plural pronoun < an extended form of the zero grade of the Indo-European base of Latin nōs , Sanskrit nas . (The usual forms of the objective case of the 1st person plural pronoun in modern Icelandic and Faroese are supplied by originally dual forms (see unk pron.).) On the full paradigm of 1st person pronouns see general discussion at I pron.At an early stage in its development the ancestor of the Germanic word probably showed substitution of what was originally the suffix of the 2nd person plural personal pronoun: see discussion in D. Ringe From Proto-Indo-European to Proto-Germanic (2006) 209–10. In the accusative (but not the dative) a form ūsic also occurs in Old English (non-West Saxon; in Northumbrian also ūsih , ūsig ), cognate with Old Saxon unsik (Middle Low German ūsik ), Old High German unsih (Middle High German unsich ); these forms are probably ultimately by analogy with forms of the accusative of the first person singular pronoun with final consonant (see discussion of Old English mec and cognate forms at me pron.1). Compare:eOE (Mercian) Vespasian Psalter (1965) cxiii. 21 (12) Dominus memor fuit nostri et benedixit nos : dryhten gemyndig wes ur & bledsade usic.OE (Northumbrian) Lindisf. Gospels: Matt. vi. 13 Et ne inducas nos in temtationem sed libera nos a malo : & ne inlæd usih in costunge ah gefrig usich from yfle.OE Seafarer 123 Þæs sy þam halgan þonc, þæt he usic geweorþade, wuldres ealdor, ece dryhten, in ealle tid.OE Beowulf (2008) 2638 Ðe he usic on herge geceas to ðyssum siðfate sylfes willum. The β. forms with initial h are probably after the 3rd person singular forms (see the paradigm at he pron.), in some cases perhaps simply as reverse spelling forms (reflecting h -loss in the 3rd person forms, especially it pron.), but in other cases probably as emphatic forms.
A. pron. The objective case of the first person plural pronoun we pron., representing the Old English accusative and dative.
I. As object.
* With reference to two or more persons.
1.
a. As direct object of a verb (originally accusative).
ΘΚΠ
the world > relative properties > kind or sort > individual character or quality > [noun] > individuality or selfhood > self > we or us
useOE
wec1400
nous autres1799
α.
eOE (Mercian) Vespasian Psalter (1965) xliii. 27 (26) Exurge domine adiuua nos et libera nos propter nomen tuum : aris dryhten gefultume us & gefrea us fore nomen ðinum.
OE (Mercian) Rushw. Gospels: Matt. vi. 13 Ne patiaris nos induci in temptationem sed libera nos a malo : ne gelaet us gelaede in constungae [read costnungae] ah gelese us of yfle.
a1225 (?OE) MS Lamb. in R. Morris Old Eng. Homilies (1868) 1st Ser. 53 Þe feder, and þe sune,..iscilde us þer wið.
c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1978) l. 13221 Nimeð heom, slæh heom; i-scend heo us habbeoð.
c1325 (c1300) Chron. Robert of Gloucester (Calig.) l. 1886 (MED) Vor godes loue bring us..of þis wrechede.
c1350 (a1333) William of Shoreham Poems (1902) 26 Hys blod he let os drynke.
c1405 (c1387–95) G. Chaucer Canterbury Tales Prol. (Hengwrt) (2003) l. 748 To the souper sette he vs anon He serued vs with vitaille.
a1450 (a1338) R. Mannyng Chron. (Lamb.) (1887) i. l. 11785 Auaunce now boþe þy self & ous.
a1500 (a1460) Towneley Plays (1994) I. xx. 233 (MED) Here is oone of his men that thus vnwynly gars vs wake.
1526 W. Bonde Pylgrimage of Perfection i. sig. Bvi Vnto the tyme it hath brought vs to our iourneys ende.
1580 J. Lyly Euphues & his Eng. in Euphues (new ed.) f. 7 Calling vs before him, he vttered with watry eyes, these words.
1645 J. Milton L'Allegro in Poems 35 Towred Cities please us then.
1665 T. Herbert Some Years Trav. (new ed.) 174 The Sultan..ushered us to our lodging.
1712 R. Steele Spectator No. 374. ⁋1 If our past Actions reproach us.
1766 O. Goldsmith Vicar of Wakefield I. iv. 39 These rufflings..will only make us hated.
1807 W. Wordsworth Poems I. 140 We are selfish men; Oh! raise us up.
1877 J. R. Lowell Bankside 7 The same shadows on the water lean, Outlasting us.
1955 E. Bowen World of Love iv. 73 I admit your father works hard to keep us, but sometimes I imagine he wonders why.
1980 F. Dobson Fungus 91 We aren't sich na set o' sleepy country josskins as 'e's mekkin' us out to be!
2001 J. Boyle Galloway Street 160 The Lord save us, ye're hopeless altogether, she said.
β. a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 12622 (MED) Leue sun, qui has þou gloppend hus?1480 R. Cely Let. 25 Sept. in Cely Lett. (1975) 92 Jhesu kepe you and hvse.γ. 1573 T. Twyne tr. Virgil in T. Phaer & T. Twyne tr. Virgil Whole .xii. Bks. Æneidos xi. sig. H h ivv Then lets intreat for peace.a1616 W. Shakespeare Love's Labour's Lost (1623) v. ii. 228 If you denie to dance, let's [1598 lets] hold more chat.1637 J. Milton Comus 21 But come let's on.1740 S. Richardson Pamela II. 300 But come, I must love him! Let's find him out.1848 E. C. Gaskell Mary Barton II. x. 138 Don't give it up..let's have a try for him.1957 J. Rhys Letters (1984) 46 Let's be exact for heaven's sake.2007 S. Worboyes Lipstick & Powder i. 15 And let's face it—it wasn't easy for me to fall as it turned out, was it.
b. As indirect object (originally dative); ‘to us’.
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α.
eOE (Mercian) Vespasian Psalter (1965) iv. 7 (6) Quis ostendit nobis bona : hwelc oteaweð us god?
OE Ælfric Catholic Homilies: 1st Ser. (Royal) (1997) ix. 75 Us gedafenað þæt we godes swingle..ondrædan.
OE Byrhtferð Enchiridion (Ashm.) (1995) ii. i. 60 Vs com nu to mode hu se arwurða abbud..wæs sprecende.
lOE King Ælfred tr. Boethius De Consol. Philos. (Bodl.) xix. 46 Behealde he..hu neara þære eorðan stede is, þeah heo us rum þince.
c1175 Ormulum (Burchfield transcript) Ded. l. 175 Off all þiss god uss brinngeþþ word.
c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1978) l. 12765 Lauer[d] sæi us þi sweuen.
c1300 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Otho) l. 453 Þis vs þincheþ [c1275 Calig. mei beon] wel idon.
c1325 (c1300) Chron. Robert of Gloucester (Calig.) l. 1081 Gret vilte þou askest ous.
a1350 in K. Böddeker Altengl. Dichtungen (1878) 203 (MED) Iesu, my soule, bidde y þe, eueremore wel vs be.
c1400 (?a1387) W. Langland Piers Plowman (Huntington HM 137) (1873) C. i. l. 175 We myȝte be lordes aloft and lyue as vs luste.
c1405 (c1387–95) G. Chaucer Canterbury Tales Prol. (Hengwrt) (2003) l. 785 Vs thoughte it was nat worth to make it wys.
tr. Palladius De re Rustica (Duke Humfrey) (1896) i. l. 8 (MED) Tilynge is vs to write of euery londe.
c1450 (c1350) Alexander & Dindimus (Bodl.) (1929) l. 447 Þanne is vs g[r]ayþed no graue in þe grounde doluen.
a1500 (?a1390) J. Mirk Festial (Gough) (1905) 1 God..ȝif vs all his blessyng.
?1507 W. Dunbar Tua Mariit Wemen (Rouen) in Poems (1998) I. 45 Confese ws the treuth.
1535 Bible (Coverdale) 1 Chron. xiii. C It mighte cost vs oure neckes.
1611 J. Donne Anat. World sig. A3v Enough is vs to praise them.
1659 Marquis of Newcastle in E. Nicholas Nicholas Papers (1920) IV. 125 God sende vss a good meetinge att Whit Hall.
1668 A. Marvell Let. 1 Oct. in Poems & Lett. (1971) II. 77 Lord Bellasis writ this letter..and red us it over.
a1700 in Publ. Catholic Rec. Soc. (1910) 8 25 This year the widdow Belt gave us 12 Gennis.
1743 J. Bulkeley & J. Cummins Voy. to South-seas 20 It had almost cost us our Lives.
1819 P. B. Shelley Cenci iii. i. 48 Give us clothes, father! Give us better food!
1847 Ld. Tennyson Princess iv. 85 Unless you send us back Our son, on the instant, whole.
1924 A. D. H. Smith Porto Bello Gold i. 12 We were fresh married when the precious rascal sent us by one of his tarry-breeks that necklace.
1995 Independent 31 Jan. 14/4 What Humphrey Bogart said about actors should apply to professional athletes—all they owe us is a good performance.
2006 New Scientist 25 Mar. 49/3 It might give us a glimpse of the first language spoken in central Africa before these other languages washed across.
β. a1225 ( Ælfric's Homily De Initio Creaturae (Vesp. A.xxii) in R. Morris Old Eng. Homilies (1868) 1st Ser. 223 God hus for-bead [OE Cambr. Gg.3.28 us forbead] þes trowes westm.c1300 Havelok (Laud) (1868) l. 1217 (MED) Wel is hus we sen þe on lyue.a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 114 In hir [sc. the Virgin Mary's] wirschip wald i bigyn..For to do man knaw hir kyn, Þat hus scli wirschip cum to wyn.c1450 (?a1400) Wars Alexander (Ashm.) l. 3518 So sall I gete hus ay þe gree.a1500 (a1460) Towneley Plays (1994) I. iii. 27 Oyle of mercy he hus hight.1828 W. Carr Dial. Craven (ed. 2) at Huz Shoe gavv huz ten words for yan.γ. 1725 A. Ramsay Gentle Shepherd i. ii. 16 If canker'd Madge our Aunt Come up the Burn, she'll gie's a wicked Rant.1893 S. R. Crockett Stickit Minister 100 What'll ye gie's?
c. As the object of a preposition (or other governing word or phrase). one of us: see one pron. 7a.
ΚΠ
eOE (Mercian) Vespasian Psalter (1965) iv. 7 Signatum est super nos lumen uultus tui domine : getacnad is ofer us leht ondwlitan ðines dryhten.
OE Blickling Homilies 115 Æghwonon þes middangeard flyhþ from us mid mycelre biternesse, & we him fleondum fylgeaþ.
a1225 ( Ælfric's Homily De Initio Creaturae (Vesp. A.xxii) in R. Morris Old Eng. Homilies (1868) 1st Ser. 229 He com tu us [OE Royal to us], þat he wolde for hus [OE Royal for us] deað þrowian.
c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1978) l. 12620 Þu art hæxt ouer us.
c1350 (a1333) William of Shoreham Poems (1902) 102 No longeþ noþyng to ous.
a1393 J. Gower Confessio Amantis (Fairf.) Prol. l. 5 (MED) Good is that we also..among ous hiere Do wryte of newe som matiere.
a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 4533 (MED) Aiþer of hus a drem we sau.
?1403 in T. F. Simmons Lay Folks Mass Bk. (1879) ii. 66 That sche becum oure auoket and..pray for hus.
1508 Golagros & Gawane (Chepman & Myllar) sig. aviv I rede we cast ws betuene How best is to done.
1508 W. Dunbar Goldyn Targe (Chepman & Myllar) in Poems (1998) I. 190 The bataill broucht on bordour hard vs by.
1533 J. Gau tr. C. Pedersen Richt Vay sig. Fiii He sparit notht his aune sone bot gaiff hime for his al.
1584 Allen in Publ. Catholic Rec. Soc. (1908) 5 116 The whole worlde did runne from Christe..after Edwarde the vjth with us into Zwynglianisme.
1659 in E. Nicholas Nicholas Papers (1920) IV. 95 3 Spanish men of warre..came vp with vs and fired at vs.
1662 A. Cokayne Trag. Ovid v. v. 132 in Poems Let us go home, send for a Priest of Hymens; And presently each Couple on's be married.
1712 R. Steele Spectator No. 374. ⁋1 So most of us take Occasion to sit still.
1747 S. Richardson Clarissa I. xxvii. 172 We have but one mind between us.
1816 W. Scott Antiquary I. xv. 319 He hasna settled his account..wi' huz for sax months.
1845 J. Coulter Adventures Pacific xiii. 184 Our enemy numbers three times us.
1880 Ld. Tennyson Battle of Brunanburh v Fiercely we hack'd at the flyers before us.
1922 Woman's World (Chicago) Nov. 38/2 Most of us understand that bad teeth cause ulcers and Pyorrhea or Rigg's disease.
1975 I. Murdoch Word Child 70 There are two of us and only one of him.
1993 F. Collymore Man who loved attending Funerals 96 We are not..rejoicing that the man whom we knew in his boyhood days is gone from us for ever.
†d. With participles in absolute construction. Obsolete.
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OE Wærferð tr. Gregory Dialogues (Corpus Cambr.) (1900) iv. xlix. 338 Eallum us þanon gangendum & niþer stigendum of þam lictune se ilca Iohannes wæs geciged of þære byrgenne.
1549 M. Coverdale et al. tr. Erasmus Paraphr. Newe Test. I. Acts v. f. xxiiv Vntill he ascended vp (all vs beholdyng hym) to heauen.
1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost vii. 142 This inaccessible high strength,..us dispossest, He trusted to have seis'd. View more context for this quotation
†e. Used expletively (the so-called ‘ethic dative’). Obsolete.
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1685 Mr. Travestin Acct. Proc. against Turks 48 They also killed us Captain Feluck.
1711 London Gaz. No. 4864/1 They wounded us only one Man.
2. In restricted use with defining term added. Cf. we pron. 3a.
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OE Ælfric Catholic Homilies: 2nd Ser. (Cambr. Gg.3.28) xxxii. 275 Eft syððan þæs ælmihtigan godes sunu..asende us his apostolum þone halgan gast of heofenum on fyres hiwe.
OE Ælfric Let. to Wulfgeat (Hatton) in B. Assmann Angelsächsische Homilien u. Heiligenleben (1889) 12 Us lareowum is neod, þæt we læran sceolon openlice oððe digollice þa dysigan.
c1400 Brut (Rawl. B. 171) 81 To maken oppen werr and contak aȝeyns vs of Rome.
a1547 Earl of Surrey tr. Virgil Certain Bks. Aenæis (1557) ii. sig. Bi Us caitifes then a far more dredful chaunce Befell.
1598 W. Shakespeare Henry IV, Pt. 1 ii. ii. 83 Bacon-fed [printed Bacon-sed] knaues, they hate vs youth. View more context for this quotation
1612 R. Ch. Olde Thrift newly Revived 38 The true state and dislike of vs Husband-men and Farmers.
1641 in A. H. Matthew True Hist. Conversion Sir T. Matthew (1904) 176 Concerning the loyalty of us Catholics.
a1680 T. Goodwin Wks. (1681) I. x. 130 None of us Creatures had ever come into this after-account.
1709 M. Prior Epil. to Phædra in Poems Several Occasions 206 To let us Moderns know, How Women lov'd two thousand Years ago.
1814 Spaniards ii. ii Thou 'rt..fond to pass The inventions..As real facts upon us simple men.
1825 W. Scott Talisman xii, in Tales Crusaders IV. 254 Thou art ever prompt to pleasure us poor women.
1848 J. R. Lowell Poems 2nd Ser. 101 They understand us Pilgrims!
1871 B. Jowett tr. Plato Dialogues I. 154 None of us unskilled individuals can..become physicians.
1976 W. W. Warner Beautiful Swimmers ii. 21 A townie named Skeeter Yates used to tell us city kids that a soft crab was one ‘caught in the act’.
1989 J. Autry Life after Mississippi i. 3 Worms or grubs from under a wet log turned over by one of us boys.
3. Reflexive: ‘ourselves’. See also us self pron. 3.
a. As direct object of a verb (originally accusative). Now archaic and rare.
ΚΠ
OE Blickling Homilies 37 Geþencean we geornlice þæt we us healdan on þas tid, & on ælce, wiþ þa heafodlican leahtras.
c1175 Ormulum (Burchfield transcript) l. 7542 Ȝiff we woll-denn shunenn aȝȝ To fillenn uss wiþþ esstess.
a1225 MS Lamb. in R. Morris Old Eng. Homilies (1868) 1st Ser. 69 And halde we us from uniwil.
a1400 Psalter (Vesp.) xcix. 3 in C. Horstmann Yorkshire Writers (1896) II. 232 And he vs made, and oure-selfe noghte vs.
c1405 (c1395) G. Chaucer Merchant's Tale (Hengwrt) (2003) l. 597 We han leue to pleye vs by the lawe.
c1450 in F. J. Furnivall Hymns to Virgin & Christ (1867) 19 For we may not hide us from þin iȝe.
1526 W. Bonde Pylgrimage of Perfection ii. sig. Hvv We may lerne howe to prepare vs towarde our iourney.
1594 T. Kyd tr. R. Garnier Cornelia iv. i. 160 Shall we..Submit vs to vnurged slauerie.
1625 S. Purchas Pilgrimes I. ii. 1133 We made vs fast to the stones of them.
1719 D. Defoe Farther Adventures Robinson Crusoe 302 We stop'd..to refresh us.
1729 W. Law Serious Call xvi. 289 We must not let this hour pass, without presenting us to him.
1911 R. Brooke Poems 19 Breathless, we flung us on the windy hill.
b. As indirect object (originally dative). Also as object of a preposition. Now colloquial (chiefly U.S. regional).
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OE West Saxon Gospels: Luke (Corpus Cambr.) iii. 8 We habbað us to fæder Abraham.
a1225 MS Lamb. in R. Morris Old Eng. Homilies (1868) 1st Ser. 65 Her is swiþe ufel bone, Ȝif we hetieð us bitwene.
c1500 Young Children's Bk. (Ashm. 61) in Babees Bk. (2002) i. 19 Fore oure mete, & drynke, & vs, Thanke we owre lord Ihesus.
1600 W. Shakespeare Merchant of Venice ii. iv. 5 We haue not spoke vs yet of Torch-bearers. View more context for this quotation
a1616 W. Shakespeare As you like It (1623) ii. i. 21 Come, shall we goe and kill vs venison? View more context for this quotation
a1616 W. Shakespeare Macbeth (1623) iv. iii. 215 Let's make vs Med'cines of our great Reuenge. View more context for this quotation
1730 C. Coffey Female Parson i. iii. 16 Six score and forty Cows, Sheep were slaughter'd, And all for to make us a Feast in one Day.
1828 A. A. Watts Poet. Sketches 130 Though, self-exiled, we sever From England for ever, We'll make us a home and a country afar.
1861 O. W. Norton Army Lett. (1903) 35 We..then took possession of a stack of wheat and made us good beds and slept well.
1907 S. E. White Arizona Nights (U.K. ed.) x. 166 We got us timbers, and made a scow.
1928 ‘M. Chapman’ Happy Mountain 42 We'll make us a heap o' cash money.
1942 Sat. Evening Post 22 Aug. 42/3 Le's go and wake us up a preacher.
2001 A. Sayle Dog Catcher 136 Right,..let's have us a Diet Coke.
c. With some verbs of motion or posture. Now archaic or regional.
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OE Wærferð tr. Gregory Dialogues (Corpus Cambr.) (1900) iii. xxx. 236 Þa witodlice gedonum þam mæssesange we us onweg gewiton.
a1375 (c1350) William of Palerne (1867) l. 4594 Þus sped we vs out of spayne.
1526 W. Bonde Pylgrimage of Perfection ii. sig. Tiiiiv These thinges..we shal spede vs..to declare.
1587 Sir P. Sidney & A. Golding tr. P. de Mornay Trewnesse Christian Relig. xix. 347 We must hye vs thither.
1599 George a Greene sig. B2v Let vs hye vs to Wakefield.
1641 J. Milton Of Reformation 75 Certainly wee ought to hie us from evill like a torrent.
1781 W. Cowper Expostulation 289 The cry..is still the same—Speed us away to battle and to fame.
1783 W. Blake Poetry (1965) 424 We sit us down, and view our former joys.
1892 in Eng. Dial. Dict. (at cited word) We sat us dahn on a wall top.
1909 T. Hardy Time's Laughingstocks & Other Verses 186 Had he and I but met By some old ancient inn, We should have sat us down to wet Right many a nipperkin!
1999 J. Poller Reach xxxiv. 102 No, he's have had to've said: ‘Juliet, thank fuck I found you. Come let's hie us to Skegness.’
†4. Each other. Obsolete. rare.
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OE Battle of Maldon (1942) 34 Ne þurfe we us spillan, gif ge spedaþ to þam; we willað wið þam golde grið fæstnian.
c1330 (?c1300) Guy of Warwick (Auch.) l. 4575 (MED) Ouer alle oþer we loueden ous.
c1450 (?a1400) T. Chestre Sir Launfal (1930) l. 108 But, Syr Meyr,..May y take with þe soioure? Som tyme we knewe vs yore.
5. Nautical. The vessel carrying the speaker or writer; ‘our vessel’.
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1616 J. Smith Descr. New Eng. 50 Being chased two dayes by one Fry, an English Pirate, that could not board vs, by reason of foule weather.
1622 R. Hawkins Observ. Voiage South Sea xxx. 66 We had taken the Vice-admirall, the first time shee bourded with vs.
1719 D. Defoe Farther Adventures Robinson Crusoe 260 They crowded after us, and endeavoured to come under our Stern, so to board us.
c1800 in Notes & Queries (1922) 12th Ser. 11 42 Gen[era]l Bowls..happened to be on board of us, taking his passage..to Jamaica.
1924 R. Kent Voyaging Southward xxiii. 176 A moment later a sea boarded us and poured a deluge through.
1992 B. Unsworth Sacred Hunger xi. 73 Relative of the owner, never been to sea before, what the jig is he doin' aboard of us?
** With reference to a single person, as direct, indirect, or prepositional object.
6.
a. Used by a sovereign, ruler, or magnate. Cf. we pron. 2a.The apparent Old English instance of this use is uncertain, and may rather show an inclusive plural use of the pronoun; see further B. Mitchell Old Eng. Syntax (1985) §252.
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OE Ælfric Catholic Homilies: 1st Ser. (Royal) (1997) xxix. 425 Decius cwæð, awurp þone truwan þines drycræftes, & gerece us þine mæigðe.
1258 Proclam. Henry III (Bodl.) in Trans. Philol. Soc. 1880–1 (1883) *173 (MED) We hoaten all vre treowe in þe treowþe þet heo vs oȝen þet heo stedefesteliche healden and swerien.
1436 in Hist. MSS Comm.: Rep. MSS Var. Coll. (1907) IV. 200 in Parl. Papers 1906 (Cd. 3218) LXIV. 1 That he may wythoute delay certefie Us of the same.
1477 King James III in J. Stuart & G. Burnett Exchequer Rolls Scotl. (1885) VIII. 403 (note) Landis..the quhilkis umquhile Cuthbert Colvile had of ws of before.
1579 Queen Elizabeth I in N. H. Nicolas Mem. Sir C. Hatton (1847) 106 Such Princes as..have sought us in way of marriage.
1585 King James VI in Spalding Club Misc. I. 3 Send the samen extract attentiklie subscriuit be the shireff clerk to ws.
1601 Queen Elizabeth I in F. Moryson Itinerary (1617) ii. 151 Tell Our Army from Vs, that [etc.].
1708 Royal Proclam. 18 Jan. in London Gaz. They shall be liable to be Imprest, except the Watermen belonging to Us.
1710 in Further Evid. Nairne Peerage (1874) 151 in Sessional Papers House of Lords (H.L. D) XII. 199 Be it kend to all men by thir present letters Us William lord Nairn..Forasmuch as we considering it [etc.].
1823 W. Scott Quentin Durward III. iv. 106 Should our host murder us on this spot—us, his King and his kinsman.
1850 N. Wiseman Pastoral 7 Oct. His Holiness was pleased to raise us..to the rank of Cardinal Priest of the Holy Roman Church.
1905 King's Warrent 2 Dec. We do hereby declare Our Royal Will and Pleasure that..the Prime Minister of Us, Our heirs and Successors shall have place and precedence next after the Archbishop of York.
b. Used by an editor or author to secure an impersonal tone. Cf. we pron. 2b.
ΚΠ
OE Ælfric Catholic Homilies: 1st Ser. (Royal) (1997) xxxvi. 495 We mihton þas halgan rædinge menigfealdlicor trahtnian.., ac us twynað hwæðer ge magon maran deopnysse þæron þearflice tocnawan.
1835 J. Poole Sketches & Recoll. I. 87 Respecting the subscriptions..to his weekly balls, it is not for us to speak.
1895 Westm. Gaz. 9 May 2/2 The man chosen to do it was the one public man who is supposed never to read Us.
1998 Canad. Geographic Nov. 11/2 Catch us on the web. Recent articles and the latest geographical information can be found on the Canadian Geographic website.
7. English regional, Scottish, Irish English, and colloquial. Chiefly in unemphatic use (frequently with give): me; to me.
ΘΚΠ
the world > relative properties > kind or sort > individual character or quality > [noun] > individuality or selfhood > self > I > me
meeOE
my worshipa1500
moi1760
your humble1765
us1828
yours truly1833
1828 W. Carr Dial. Craven (ed. 2) (at cited word) ‘Give us some bread,’ i.e. give me some bread.
1857 T. Hughes Tom Brown's School Days i. iv. 92 Tell us something more about the pea-shooting.
1859 Dublin Univ. Mag. June 733/1 Come, Mr. Farrell.., give us half-a-crown to begin with—that's a good man... Come, Luke, give me half-a-crown.
1889 Leeds Mercury Weekly Suppl. 5 Jan. Hug us this canful o' watter, wi' ta?
1894 H. Pease Mark o' Deil 44 He tripped us, an' ower aa gans backwards.
1925 E. C. Smith Mang Howes 6 If onybody hed eyed iz, hei'd heh thocht A was shuir ready for Bowden!
1958 R. Galton & A. Simpson Hancock's Half-hour (1987) 89 Give us the paper, I want to have a read.
1992 B. Roche Belfry ii, in Wexford Trilogy 165 Artie. Give us the keys Pat.
2000 C. Brookmyre Boiling Frog iii. 55 Gie's a lenny a wee drap milk for ma cornflakes.
II. As subject; = we pron. I.
* With reference to a single person.
†8. Scottish. Used (before his or her name) by a sovereign, ruler, or magnate. Obsolete.
ΚΠ
1388 in J. Slater Early Scots Texts (Ph.D. thesis, Univ. of Edinb.) (1952) No. 12 Be yt chnawyn til al men..vs Robert Steward eril of Fyff..haf frely grantyt til wr lufd cosyn [etc.].
1425 Reg. Mag. Sigilli Scot. 11/1 Be it kend tel al men throwch thir present letteris ws Archibald Erle of Douglas [etc.].
1535 in Archaeol. & Hist. Coll. County of Renfrew (1885) I. 170 Beit kend to all men be thir present lettres ws Williame lord Simple James Coluile..to be [etc.]
** With reference to two or more persons.
9. In place of we (which is historically the original pronoun and is still generally preferred in formal usage).
a. With noun or numeral in apposition. Now chiefly colloquial.In formal usage we is preferred.
ΚΠ
1490 W. Caxton tr. Foure Sonnes of Aymon (1885) ix. 212 None other shall knowe the same, but oonly we, vs thre.
a1616 W. Shakespeare Cymbeline (1623) v. v. 164 For this..we came, our Parents, and vs twaine. View more context for this quotation
1663 S. Pepys Diary 8 June (1971) IV. 177 Mr. Coventry and us two did discourse with the Duke.
1779 S. J. Pratt Shenstone-Green III. lxi. 182 I am determined us three will get this town again into our own hands.
1814 T. Moore Mem. (1853) II. 36 A thing us men ought..to bless God for.
1840 W. M. Thackeray Barber Cox in Comic Almanack 20 What enjoyments us aristocracy used to have!
1853 C. Dickens Bleak House vii. 61 Us London lawyers don't often get an out.
1889 ‘R. Boldrewood’ Robbery under Arms xxxv Only us five were in possession of the secret.
1962 New Shetlander No. 63. 4 Wis grown-up lasses were aye anxious ta ken what wir future was gyaan ta be.
1992 Times 28 Nov. (Sat. Review) 58/4 Us kids used to shovel up manure for our tomatoes.
2006 Inside Edge June 9 Us Scots keep fighting back.
b. Standing alone as subject. Now English regional, Scottish, and U.S. regional.The grammatical status of us in quot. 1562 is uncertain.
ΚΠ
1562 N. Winȝet Certain Tractates (1888) I. 12 And vtheris for not saying this ane word—‘My maisteris, vs lufe ȝou and ȝour doctryne’ are deposit of thair offices.
1607 T. Dekker & J. Webster Famous Hist. Thomas Wyat sig. Bv Come my Lords, shall vs march.
1699 O. Haig in J. Russell Haigs of Bemersyde (1881) xi. 339 May us and all our posterity be thankful to Heaven.
1735 W. Pardon Dyche's New Gen. Eng. Dict. We, ourselves, us that are present.
?1775 (a1600) Dick o Cow (Percy) ii, in F. J. Child Eng. & Sc. Pop. Ballads (1889) III. vi. 464 England and us has been long at a feed.
c1860 J. T. Staton Bobby Shuttle iii. 41 Should us tell o'th yung shantledurt?
1880 L. Parr Adam & Eve II. 25 Us'll have down the big Bible and read chapters verse by verse.
1904 R. Kipling Traffics & Discov. 133 After us've upped trawl, us'll be glad of a tow.
1947 L. Lenski Judy's Journey x. 147 ‘Us ketches fish in Four Holes Swamp,’ said Willie Davis.
1965 G. Jones Island of Apples i. vi. 60 ‘Have you carried him here from the church?’ ‘Too true we have. Haven't us, Davy?’
c. In comparative sentences after as, than.
ΚΠ
1620 T. Gataker 2 Funeral Serm. 29 What cause haue we to bewaile them, that are therefore happier than vs, because they are gone thither before vs?
1751 Minutes Proc. Trial Captain Holmes 73 The Warwick had a greater press of Sail than us.
1819 W. Scott Legend of Montrose vi, in Tales of my Landlord 3rd Ser. III. 270 It is very odd how Allan, who, between ourselves,..is a little wowf, seems at times to have more sense than us all put together.
1880 A. Trollope Duke's Children III. iii. 29 The Carbottle people were quite as badly off as us.
1916 ‘Taffrail’ Pincher Martin ix. 155 A navy wot's been gingered up must be on th' top line same as us, mustn't it?
1983 N.Y. Times 24 Jan. c10/4 They played better than us, and they deserve to go to the Super Bowl.
2004 P. F. Hamilton Pandora's Star vii. 182 Most of them have been around for a hell of a lot longer than us.
d. In the predicate. N.E.D. (1926) says: ‘Common in dialect and colloquial use, and occasionally employed in writing.’
ΚΠ
1807 tr. Comtesse de Genlis Juvenile Theatre 104 No, my lord, Benjamin is not culpable: it is us you must punish; it is us whom the irritated Heaven pursues!
1883 R. L. Stevenson Treasure Island vi. xxx. 251 It's us must break the treaty when the time comes.
1890 W. James Princ. Psychol. I. 291 Our bodies themselves, are they simply ours, or are they us?
1897 Westm. Gaz. 25 Sept. 8/2 That is one of the things we all take for granted—because the Empire is Us.
1940 G. Barker Coll. Poems (1987) 87 The monarch who wears a shrieking crown Is us.
2002 H. Jacobson Who's Sorry Now? (2003) i. ii. 24 He acts as though there's a bad smell under his nose all the time, and we get the impression that the bad smell is us.
e. In continuative or exclamatory clauses introduced by and.
ΚΠ
1847 C. Dickens Dombey & Son (1848) xlvi. 450 And him so rich?..And us so poor!
1908 A. J. Dawson Finn xxxi. 464 Sixty-six solid pounds o' best pin-fire—and us dyin' for want of a crust.
1997 J. Graham Errancy 4 Utopia: remember the sensation of direction we loved, how it tunneled forwardly for us, and us so feudal in its wake.
B. n.
(An instance of) the word us.In quot. 1863 with reference to sense A. 6a.
ΚΠ
1555 E. Bonner Profitable & Necessarye Doctryne sig. Zzv Nowe the fourth thynge here in too be considered, is the worde Us, which noteth vnto vs that no man ought to say in prayer.
a1626 L. Andrewes Holy Devotions (1663) 105 This word (us) is more general: as well to our Brethren, the Sons of the same Father, who want Bread, as to me, and my family.
1751 S. Richardson Clarissa (ed. 3) VII. ii. 18 If by thy We's and Us's thou meanest thyself or me.
1755 J. Smith Printer's Gram. 38 The Ligatures as is us..ought..to be..flung into the Metal-basket.
1863 ‘Ouida’ Held in Bondage I. i. 7 I did know his family—the royal-sounding ‘Us’.
1990 Representations No. 32. 95 The very denomination or pronomination of an Us (and ‘I’) by which to make statements about Us and Them.
C. adj.
1. English regional (northern and north midlands). As possessive adjective: = our adj.
ΚΠ
1848 A. B. Evans Leicestershire Words 103 We'en had us dinners.
1859 B. Brierley Daisy Nook 49 Wi us noses just above th' ridgin'.
1924 J. H. Wilkinson Leeds Dial. Gloss. & Lore 216 He did that conjurin'..trick under uz varry noases.
1952 T. Armstrong Adam Brunskill xi. 352 Yes, apparently we've to be congratulated for having as us schoolmaster a chap who can manipulate matters like these wi' a very light touch.
1998 Viz Aug. 16/1 ‘Where are you going?’‘Up to us rooms.’
2. In predicative use: suited to or representative of our tastes, personality, etc.; appropriate for us. Cf. me adj.
ΘΚΠ
the world > relative properties > order > agreement, harmony, or congruity > suitability or appropriateness > [adjective] > appropriate for us
us1940
1940 M. Dickens Mariana viii. 312 ‘How could you know I'd like something like this?’.. ‘It just looked absolutely us, somehow.’
2003 A. Sayle Overtaken 13 And the thing was, we were entranced with how us it was—quirky, individual, original.

Phrases

P1. Paired with them, contrasting persons like oneself with others, ordinary citizens with those in authority, or the like; chiefly in us and them, us against them. Cf. them and us at them pron., adj., and n. Phrases 1.
ΘΚΠ
society > society and the community > social class > the common people > [noun] > as opposed to those in authority
us1953
1857 T. Hughes Tom Brown's School Days ii. vii. 365 It's a fair trial of skill, and last between us and them [sc. the masters].]
1953 Science 7 Aug. 148/2 It becomes easier to sort people into ‘us’ and ‘them’ groups. A strong ‘us’ vs. ‘them’ atmosphere in a laboratory can impede the..working relationships that are essential.
1970 G. Jackson Let. 23 Mar. in Soledad Brother (1971) 188 I've been living in the trenches where it's understood that it's us against them, hide and seek.
1984 Times Lit. Suppl. 26 Oct. 1206/1 The Chinese awareness of ‘us and them’ is intense, pervasive and hard to break down.
1991 Vanity Fair (N.Y.) Aug. 106/1 The mentality common to the department and its leader can be characterized as Us Against Them.
1995 Library Manager Jan. 22/1 Early negotiations were hampered by an ‘us and them’ attitude between management and unions.
2003 New Yorker 6 Jan. 84/1 There is, always, that us-and-them snobbery, but there is the occasional joke, too.
P2. —— R Us: used to denote a group of people who personify or exemplify the specified characteristic, activity, etc.; denoting a group of people strongly associated with ——. [After Toys 'R' Us < the plural of toy n. + R, representing the word are + us pron., the proprietary name of a toy retail chain.]
ΚΠ
1984 Washington Post 11 Mar. c7/2 For purposes of truth in packaging, I thought we should have been wearing a badge that said ‘Crowds R Us’.
2002 Daily Tel. 5 June 29/1 One would be hard pressed to find a wealth of talent among the dinosaurs-r-us collective on Labour's back benches.
2005 J. Goldman & C. Buyers Students' Guide Colleges 284/2 There are always meetings and events all week, but come weekend time, it's Parties-R-Us!
2009 E. Boggess Mia Magnificent xxi. 135 Oh, look, it's a Losers R Us convention.

Compounds

us–them adj. that makes a distinction such as that between people like oneself and others, or between ordinary citizens and those in authority.
ΚΠ
1964 Amer. Polit. Sci. Rev. 58 161/2 In whom generations of exclusion from power have introduced a corrosive ‘us-them’ attitude towards politics.
1971 Jrnl. Social Hist. 4 297 An ‘us-them’ view of society.
2001 World Watch Jan. 18/1 The ‘us-them’ mentality can also greatly increase the suffering of those who are already infected.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2008; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

> as lemmas

U.S.
U.S. n. (also U.S.A.) United States (of America).
ΘΠ
the world > the earth > named regions of earth > America > North America > [noun] > United States
states1776
United States1776
Yankee-land1803
God's own country1807
U.S.1834
Yankland1834
yankeedoodledom1845
Yankeedom1851
the land of the free1884
land of opportunity1948
U.S. of A.1973
1834 J. R. McCulloch Dict. Commerce (ed. 2) 843 American Tonnage. Entered into the U.S... Departed from U.S.
1867 Chambers's Encycl. IX. 649/2 The U.S. are rich in mineral productions.
1901 Daily Chron. 12 Aug. 5/2 On Saturday we asked what language is U.S., which is announced as ‘spoken’ in the window of a City office.
extracted from Un.1
<
pron.n.adj.eOE
as lemmas
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