vassaln.adj.

Brit.

/ˈvasl/, U.S.

/ˈvæs(ə)l/

Forms: Middle English vassale, 1500s wassale; Middle English–1600s vassall (1500s phasalle, Scottish wassall), Middle English– vassal (1500s vessal, 1700s vasal); Middle English vayssal, vaysall; Middle English vasseyll-, 1500s–1600s vassaile, 1600s vassail(l; 1500s–1600s vassell, Scottish wassell-.

Etymology: < Old French vassal, vasal (French vassal , = Italian vassallo , Portuguese vassalo , Spanish vasallo ) < medieval Latin vassallus man-servant, domestic, retainer, a word of Celtic origin: the simpler form vassus (used in the same senses) corresponds to Old Gaulish -vassus , vasso- (in personal names), Old Breton uuas (Middle Breton goas , Breton goaz ), Welsh gwas , Irish foss servant, serf. Compare vavasour n.

a. In the feudal system, one holding lands from a superior on conditions of homage and allegiance; a feudatory; a tenant in fee. Now Historical.

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > subjection > service > feudal service > [noun] > vassal

manlOE

subjectc1350

liegemana1375

liege1377

feudary1387

servant?a1400

vassala1400

feedmanc1460

sidesman1462

feeman1517

feudatary1586

feudatory1765

leud1812

geneat1861

society > law > legal right > right of possession or ownership > tenure of property > one who has tenure > [noun] > by service or allegiance

vassala1400

homagerc1425

tenant by the verge1607

virgea1616

servient1813

a1400 Coer de L. 3365 They are doughty vassales, Kynges sones and amyrales.

1490 W. Caxton tr. Foure Sonnes of Aymon (1885) iii. 69 The emperour Charlemayne called to hym his goode vasseylles.

1534 W. Turner tr. J. von Watt Of Olde God & Newe sig. Jiv John..y^e xij. pope of y^t name..dyd prescribe an othe vnto Otho, in whiche Otho shold acknowlege him self to be y^e popes phasalle (as we do now cal it).

a1578 R. Lindsay Hist. & Cron. Scotl. (1899) I. 32 It becummeth ane prince to leiwe frielie..nocht subiectit to ane vassellis correctioun or chastisment.

1601 Bp. W. Barlow Serm. Paules Crosse Martij 1600 62 The Queene mured vp with her owne vassalles.

1665 in Extracts State Papers (Friends' Hist. Soc.) (1912) 3rd Ser. 234 The foreman and Chiefe thereof [sc. the jury] being all Tennants and vassalls to the Major and Aldermen.

1683 W. Temple Mem. in Wks. (1720) I. 453 The Emperor made an invincible Difficulty, declaring he would never treat with a Vassal of his own.

a1781 R. Watson Hist. Reign Philip III (1783) iv. 293 It was enacted, that all their effects should belong to the lords whose vassals they were.

1817 Ld. Byron Manfred ii. i. 13 To bask by the huge hearths of those old halls, Carousing with the vassals.

1860 G. J. Adler tr. C. C. Fauriel Hist. Provençal Poetry 196 Princes having under them as their vassals other chiefs as renowned and valiant as themselves.

1871 E. A. Freeman Hist. Norman Conquest (1876) IV. xvii. 29 All was trusted to the loyalty of William's new-made vassals.

b. Used in addressing persons of this class.

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > subjection > service > feudal service > [noun] > vassal > form of address

vassalc1489

c1489 W. Caxton tr. Blanchardyn xxviii. 104 Vassall! vassal! to whom I haue taken in hande that thynge most dere to me in this world.

1490 W. Caxton tr. Foure Sonnes of Aymon (1885) vii. 172 Tell me, vassall, knowest thou noo tidynges of Reynawde, the sone of Aymon?

c1515 Ld. Berners tr. Bk. Duke Huon of Burdeux (1882–7) ix. 23 Wassale, who art thou that hath slayn my brother?

a1616 W. Shakespeare Henry VI, Pt. 1 (1623) iv. i. 125 Presumptuous vassals, are you not asham'd..To trouble and disturbe the King, and Vs?

1822 Ld. Byron Werner ii. ii. 329 March, vassals! I'm your leader, and will bring The rear up.

c. In Scottish legal use.

ΘΚΠ

society > law > legal right > right of possession or ownership > tenure of property > one who has tenure > [noun] > one holding in feu

feudary1387

feedmanc1460

vassal1474

feeman1517

feala1572

feudatary1586

feuar1597

feudist1610

beneficiary1611

feudatory1765

feudee1875

1474 Sc. Acts Parl. (1814) II. 107/1 Anent ourlordis þat in defraude & skaith of þair vassalis & tenentis deferris till enter to þair landis and superioriteis.

1581 Reg. Privy Council Scotl. 407 In respect that thay nor nane of thame ar nather frehalders, vassellis, subvassellis, bot ar fewaris only.

1609 J. Skene tr. Stat. Robert I in Regiam Majestatem 28 Gif it sall happen that ouer Lords poynd and distrenzie their vasselles contrare the constitution forsaid.

1689 in Acts Parl. Scotl. (1875) XII. 74 The forfaultors of vassells and cre[dito]rs, who shall be innocent of þair superiors or debitors crymes.

1765–8 J. Erskine Inst. Law Scotl. ii. iii. §13 A vassal..may make over his property to a subvassal by a subaltern right.

1765–8 J. Erskine Inst. Law Scotl. ii. iii. §13 The vassal who thus subfeus [etc.].

1791 A. Home Decisions Court of Session 1735–1744 (new ed.) 186 The vassal is not bound to accept of a new charter, disconform to his former rights.

1815 R. Bell Conveyance of Land 238 The consent of both superior and vassal must be adhibited by those forms which practice has prescribed.

1853 H. Barclay Digest Law Scotl. 964 Vassal is he who has the right of fee or property—dominium utile—distinguished from the right of superiority, or dominium directum.

1896 W. K. Morton Man. Law Scotl. ii. iii. 84 The law held the feu to transmit to heir of vassal, but superior could reject a stranger.

a. transferred. One who holds, in relation to another, a position similar or comparable to that of a feudal vassal.

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > subjection > service > feudal service > [adjective]

liege1362

lordfasta1500

vassal1565

feudary1587

feudatory1592

feudatary1614

society > authority > subjection > service > feudal service > [noun] > person similar to feudal vassal

vassal1565

sworn man1571

1565 A. Golding tr. Caesar Martiall Exploytes in Gallia i. f. 23^v To bynd theyr Citye by othe, that they shoulde neyther requyre their hostages agayn,..nor yet refuse to be their subiectes & vassales for euer.

1578 T. Nicholas tr. F. Lopez de Gómara Pleasant Hist. Conquest W. India 47 The Lorde of that town and other foure Lords..came vnto Cortez with a good trayne of their vessals and seruitours.

1732 T. Lediard tr. J. Terrasson Life Sethos II. vii. 51 The king of Phœnicia, whose vassal I declare myself to be.

1807 J. Robinson Archæol. Græca ii. iii. 148 From the time of their [the Helots] first reduction these vassals, impatient of their servitude, often endeavoured to break their yoke.

1836 C. Thirlwall Hist. Greece II. 173 The death of Cyrus is speedily avenged by one of his vassals, Amorges king of the Sacians.

1909 J. Stuart Burma thro' Cent. iv. 42 The King of Bengal determined to restore the exiled King, and did so, the restored King becoming a vassal of Bengal.

b. esp. A humble servant or subordinate; one devoted to the service of another.

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > subjection > service > servant > types of servant > [noun] > devoted

vassalc1500

slave1521

c1500 Melusine (1895) xxiv. 163 Damoyselle,..as to my part, your vassall & seruaunt shal I euer be.

1591 E. Spenser Daphnaïda 181 For rare it seemes..That man..Should to a beast his noble hart embase, And be the vassall of his vassalesse.

1609 W. Shakespeare Sonnets lviii. sig. E Being your vassail bound to staie your leisure.

a1614 J. Melville Autobiogr. & Diary (1842) 370 Mr. Andro [Melvill]..calling the King bot ‘God's sillie vassall’.

1651 in E. Nicholas Papers (1886) I. 254 Lord Digby is a vassal of the Louvre.

1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost ii. 90 The Vassals of his anger, when the Scourge Inexorably..Calls us to Penance.

1757 Keene in 10th Rep. Royal Comm. Hist. MSS (1885) App. i. 220 Dⁿ Carlos does not care to make the Figure of a Sort of Vassal.

1782 J. Brown Compend. View Nat. & Revealed Relig. vi. i. 549 These donations ought to be made conscientiously under a sense of our debt to God as his vassals and tenants.

1823 W. Scott Peveril IV. iv. 82 Alas, for the captive princess, whose nod was to command a vassal so costly as your Grace!

1857 J. Hamilton Lessons from Great Biogr. 140 The man who by sin makes himself Satan's vassal may soon be his victim.

1858 E. Bulwer-Lytton What will he do with It? vii. iv Flora Vyvyan had still guarded..a seat beside herself for Darrell, by lending it for the present to one of her obedient vassals.

in extended use.1594 W. Shakespeare Lucrece sig. F1 Thy thoughts low vassals to thy state. 1692 M. Prior Ode Imitation Horace x Where-e'er old Rhine his fruitful Water turns, Or fills his Vassals Tributary Urns.

c. One who is completely subject to some influence. Const. of or to.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > will > necessity > [noun] > subjugation of the will to something else > one whose will is subjugated

servantc1384

slave1559

vassalc1614

c1614 W. Mure tr. Virgil Dido & Æneas ii. in Wks. (1898) I. 780 Ȝe happy maids,..Frie from love's plague and perillows infection, Nor wonne by men, nor vassaills to affection.

1631 R. Bolton Instr. Right Comf. Affl. Consciences 32 These vassals of selfe-love, and slaves of lust.

1676 M. Hale Contempl. Moral & Divine: 2nd Pt. ii. 86 Either the Soul becomes servant and vassal to Sin, or at best it is led away Captive by it.

1732 D. Neal Hist. Puritans I. 253 In this Bull he calls her Majesty ‘an usurper and a Vassal of iniquity’.

1855 Ld. Tennyson Maud xxii. ii, in Maud & Other Poems 75 The feeble vassals of wine and anger and lust.

1859 Ld. Tennyson Merlin & Vivien 341 in Idylls of King Fame with men..Should..work as vassal to the larger love.

3. A base or abject person. Cf. slave n.¹ 3b.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > goodness and badness > inferiority or baseness > baseness > base person > [noun]

houndOE

hinderlingc1175

whelpc1330

vilec1400

beasta1425

dog bolt1465

shake-rag1571

vassal1589

brock1607

shag-rag1611

shack-rag1612

slubberdegullion1612

baseling1618

shag1620

shab1637

slabberdegullion1653

whiffler1659

hang-dog1693

reptile1697

Nobodaddyc1793

skunk1816

spalpeen1817

tiger1827

soap-lock1840

shake1846

white mouse1846

sweep1853

shuck1862

whiffmagig1871

scrubber1876

ullage1901

jelly bean1905

heel1914

dirty dog1928

crud1932

crut1937

klunk1942

crudball1968

scumbag1971

bawbag1999

the mind > attention and judgement > contempt > condition of being held in contempt > [noun] > state or quality of being contemptible > contemptible person

wormc825

wretchOE

thingOE

hinderlingc1175

harlot?c1225

mixa1300

villain1303

whelpc1330

wonnera1340

bismera1400

vilec1400

beasta1425

creaturec1450

dog bolt1465

fouling?a1475

drivel1478

shit1508

marmoset1523

mammeta1529

pilgarlica1529

pode1528

slave1537

slim1548

skit-brains?1553

grasshopper1556

scavenger1563

old boss1566

rag1566

shrub1566

ketterela1572

shake-rag1571

skybala1572

mumpsimus1573

smatchetc1582

squib1586

scabship1589

vassal1589

baboon1592

Gibraltar1593

polecat1593

mushroom1594

nodc1595

cittern-head1598

nit1598

stockfish1598

cum-twang1599

dish-wash1599

pettitoe1599

mustard-token1600

viliaco1600

cargo1602

stump1602

snotty-nose1604

sprat1605

wormling1605

brock1607

dogfly?1611

shag-rag1611

shack-rag1612

thrum1612

rabbita1616

fitchock1616

unworthy1616

baseling1618

shag1620

glow-worm1624

snip1633

the son of a worm1633

grousea1637

shab1637

wormship1648

muckworm1649

whiffler1659

prig1679

rotten egg1686

prigster1688

begged fool1693

hang-dog1693

bugger1694

reptile1697

squinny1716

snool1718

ramscallion1734

footer1748

jackass1756

hallion1789

skite1790

rattlesnake1791

snot1809

mudworm1814

skunk1816

stirrah1816

spalpeen1817

nyaff1825

skin1825

weed1825

tiger1827

beggar1834

despicability1837

squirt1844

prawn1845

shake1846

white mouse1846

scurf1851

sweep1853

cockroach1856

bummer1857

medlar1859

cunt1860

shuck1862

missing link1863

schweinhund1871

creepa1876

bum1882

trashbag1886

tinhorn1887

snot-rag1888

rodent1889

whelpling1889

pie eatera1891

mess1891

schmuck1892

fucker1893

cheapskate1894

cocksucker1894

gutter-bird1896

perisher1896

skate1896

schmendrick1897

nyamps1900

ullage1901

fink1903

onion1904

punk1904

shitepoke1905

tinhorn sport1906

streeler1907

zob1911

stink1916

motherfucker1918

Oscar1918

shitass1918

shit-face1923

tripe-hound1923

gimp1924

garbage can1925

twerp1925

jughead1926

mong1926

fuck?1927

arsehole1928

dirty dog1928

gazook1928

muzzler1928

roach1929

shite1929

mook1930

lug1931

slug1931

woodchuck1931

crud1932

dip1932

bohunkus1933

lint-head1933

Nimrod1933

warb1933

fuck-piga1935

owl-hoot1934

pissant1935

poot1935

shmegegge1937

motheree1938

motorcycle1938

squiff1939

pendejo1940

snotnose1941

jerkface1942

slag1943

yuck1943

fuckface?1945

fuckhead?1945

shit-head1945

shite-hawk1948

schlub1950

asswipe1953

mother1955

weenie1956

hard-on1958

rass hole1959

schmucko1959

bitch ass1961

effer1961

lamer1961

arsewipe1962

asshole1962

butthole1962

cock1962

dipshit1963

motherfuck1964

dork1965

bumhole1967

mofo1967

tosspot1967

crudball1968

dipstick1968

douche1968

frickface1968

schlong1968

fuckwit1969

rassclaat1969

ass1970

wank1970

fecker1971

wanker1971

butt-fucker1972

slimeball1972

bloodclaat1973

fuckwad1974

mutha1974

suck1974

cocksuck1977

tosser1977

plank1981

sleazebag1981

spastic1981

dweeb1982

bumboclaat1983

dickwad1983

scuzzbag1983

sleazeball1983

butt-face1984

dickweed1984

saddie1985

butt plug1986

jerkweed1988

dick-sucker1989

microcephalic1989

wankstain1990

sadster1992

buttmunch1993

fanny1995

jackhole1996

fassyhole1997

fannybaws2000

fassy2002

1589 R. Greene Menaphon sig. D^v Vassaile auant or with my wings you die, Ist fit an Eagle seate him with a Flie?

1598 R. Bernard tr. Terence Heautontimoroumenos Prol., in Terence in Eng. 194 That I may not euer continually..play the part of a vagabond vassaile.

1608 W. Shakespeare King Lear i. 153 Kent. Now by Appollo King thou swearest thy Gods in vaine. Lear. Vassall, recreant.

1766 W. Blackstone Comm. Laws Eng. II. 53 We now use the word vasal opprobriously, as synonymous to slave or bondman.

1820 W. Scott Abbot III. i. 29 Thou that man!—vassal, thou liest!

4. attributive or as adj.

a. Having the status or character of a vassal; subject, subordinate; †servile. Chiefly figurative.

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > subjection > [adjective]

underheilda1300

underlouta1300

underling?1370

subjecta1382

obeisantc1390

obedienta1398

subditc1430

subordinatec1485

subjugal?c1500

liablec1571

subaltern1581

regardant1583

obnoxious1591

vassal1594

servient1606

subservient1638

succumbent1647

ancillary1667

secondary1667

supposite1677

discretional1776

obedientiary1794

heteronomousa1871

satellite1882

the mind > emotion > humility > servility > [adjective]

go-by-ground?a1300

thrall1398

abjectc1430

manly?c1430

servicious1440

serviceable1483

servile1537

tame1563

slavish1565

demiss1572

submissive1572

cringing1579

fawning1585

incrouching?1593

vassal1594

scraping1599

obsequious1602

spaniel1606

observing1609

deprostrate1610

supplea1616

vernile1623

shrugging1629

wormy1640

compliable1641

thrall-like1641

obeisant1642

inservient1646

truckling1656

cringeling1693

benecking1705

subservient1714

footman-like1776

bingeing1805

sidling1821

toadying1863

crawlsome1904

toadyish1909

crawling1941

ass-kissing1942

1594 W. Shakespeare Lucrece sig. E3^v No outragious thing From vassall actors can be wipt away.

1596 Raigne of Edward III sig. D1^v Vassell feare lies trembling at his feete.

1609 W. Shakespeare Sonnets cxli. sig. I2 Thy proud hearts slaue and vassall wretch to be.

c1616 R. C. Times' Whistle (1871) iv. 1216 Other mettals all Are but his vassaile starres.

1680 T. Otway Orphan i. 10 Man..Forlorn, and silent as his Vassal Beasts.

1718 A. Pope tr. Homer Iliad IV. xv. 117 Supreme he sits; and sees..Your Vassal Godheads grudgingly obey.

1735 W. Somervile Chace ii. 352 When Ammon's Son With mighty Porus in dread Battle join'd, The Vassal World the Prize.

1764 W. Falconer Shipwreck (new ed.) i. 3 Albion bids th' avenging thunders roll Along her vassal deep.

1817 T. Moore Lalla Rookh 234 As if the loveliest plants and trees Had vassal breezes of their own.

a1854 H. Reed Lect. Eng. Lit. (1855) iii. 92 Britain was a kind of vassal nation of the Roman Empire.

1868 E. A. Freeman Hist. Norman Conquest (1876) II. App. 686 A title most commonly given to vassal princes.

b. In predicative use. Also const. to or unto.

ΚΠ

1602 J. Rhodes Answere Romish Rime sig. E And now the other Bishops three..Were first made vassal vnto Rome.

1606 No-body & Some-body sig. B^v Ile be no longer vassaile To such a tirannous rule.

1671 J. Milton Paradise Regain'd iv. 133 That people victor once, now vile and base, Deservedly made vassal .

1848 W. K. Kelly tr. L. Blanc Hist. Ten Years I. 325 It would have been to make Belgium vassal to the five powers.

1864 J. R. Lowell Fireside Trav. 215 The eye that saw the whole earth vassal.

c. Of or pertaining to, characteristic of, a vassal.

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > subjection > service > feudal service > [adjective] > of or relating to vassal

feemanly1509

vassal1598

feudatory1861

vassalic1897

1598 W. Shakespeare Love's Labour's Lost iv. iii. 222 Who sees the heauenly Rosaline, That..Bowes not his vassall head.

1607 T. Middleton Michaelmas Terme Induct. sig. A3 With what a vassaile-appetite they Gnawe, On our reuersions.

1898 Atlantic Monthly 82 562/1 The oath of vassal loyalty constraining him to stand at his post.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1916; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

单词	vassal
释义	vassaln.adj. Brit. /ˈvasl/, U.S. /ˈvæs(ə)l/ Forms: Middle English vassale, 1500s wassale; Middle English–1600s vassall (1500s phasalle, Scottish wassall), Middle English– vassal (1500s vessal, 1700s vasal); Middle English vayssal, vaysall; Middle English vasseyll-, 1500s–1600s vassaile, 1600s vassail(l; 1500s–1600s vassell, Scottish wassell-. Etymology: < Old French vassal, vasal (French vassal , = Italian vassallo , Portuguese vassalo , Spanish vasallo ) < medieval Latin vassallus man-servant, domestic, retainer, a word of Celtic origin: the simpler form vassus (used in the same senses) corresponds to Old Gaulish -vassus , vasso- (in personal names), Old Breton uuas (Middle Breton goas , Breton goaz ), Welsh gwas , Irish foss servant, serf. Compare vavasour n. 1. a. In the feudal system, one holding lands from a superior on conditions of homage and allegiance; a feudatory; a tenant in fee. Now Historical. ΘΚΠ society > authority > subjection > service > feudal service > [noun] > vassal manlOE subjectc1350 liegemana1375 liege1377 feudary1387 servant?a1400 vassala1400 feedmanc1460 sidesman1462 feeman1517 feudatary1586 feudatory1765 leud1812 geneat1861 society > law > legal right > right of possession or ownership > tenure of property > one who has tenure > [noun] > by service or allegiance vassala1400 homagerc1425 tenant by the verge1607 virgea1616 servient1813 a1400 Coer de L. 3365 They are doughty vassales, Kynges sones and amyrales. 1490 W. Caxton tr. Foure Sonnes of Aymon (1885) iii. 69 The emperour Charlemayne called to hym his goode vasseylles. 1534 W. Turner tr. J. von Watt Of Olde God & Newe sig. Jiv John..y^e xij. pope of y^t name..dyd prescribe an othe vnto Otho, in whiche Otho shold acknowlege him self to be y^e popes phasalle (as we do now cal it). a1578 R. Lindsay Hist. & Cron. Scotl. (1899) I. 32 It becummeth ane prince to leiwe frielie..nocht subiectit to ane vassellis correctioun or chastisment. 1601 Bp. W. Barlow Serm. Paules Crosse Martij 1600 62 The Queene mured vp with her owne vassalles. 1665 in Extracts State Papers (Friends' Hist. Soc.) (1912) 3rd Ser. 234 The foreman and Chiefe thereof [sc. the jury] being all Tennants and vassalls to the Major and Aldermen. 1683 W. Temple Mem. in Wks. (1720) I. 453 The Emperor made an invincible Difficulty, declaring he would never treat with a Vassal of his own. a1781 R. Watson Hist. Reign Philip III (1783) iv. 293 It was enacted, that all their effects should belong to the lords whose vassals they were. 1817 Ld. Byron Manfred ii. i. 13 To bask by the huge hearths of those old halls, Carousing with the vassals. 1860 G. J. Adler tr. C. C. Fauriel Hist. Provençal Poetry 196 Princes having under them as their vassals other chiefs as renowned and valiant as themselves. 1871 E. A. Freeman Hist. Norman Conquest (1876) IV. xvii. 29 All was trusted to the loyalty of William's new-made vassals. b. Used in addressing persons of this class. ΘΚΠ society > authority > subjection > service > feudal service > [noun] > vassal > form of address vassalc1489 c1489 W. Caxton tr. Blanchardyn xxviii. 104 Vassall! vassal! to whom I haue taken in hande that thynge most dere to me in this world. 1490 W. Caxton tr. Foure Sonnes of Aymon (1885) vii. 172 Tell me, vassall, knowest thou noo tidynges of Reynawde, the sone of Aymon? c1515 Ld. Berners tr. Bk. Duke Huon of Burdeux (1882–7) ix. 23 Wassale, who art thou that hath slayn my brother? a1616 W. Shakespeare Henry VI, Pt. 1 (1623) iv. i. 125 Presumptuous vassals, are you not asham'd..To trouble and disturbe the King, and Vs? View more context for this quotation 1822 Ld. Byron Werner ii. ii. 329 March, vassals! I'm your leader, and will bring The rear up. c. In Scottish legal use. ΘΚΠ society > law > legal right > right of possession or ownership > tenure of property > one who has tenure > [noun] > one holding in feu feudary1387 feedmanc1460 vassal1474 feeman1517 feala1572 feudatary1586 feuar1597 feudist1610 beneficiary1611 feudatory1765 feudee1875 1474 Sc. Acts Parl. (1814) II. 107/1 Anent ourlordis þat in defraude & skaith of þair vassalis & tenentis deferris till enter to þair landis and superioriteis. 1581 Reg. Privy Council Scotl. 407 In respect that thay nor nane of thame ar nather frehalders, vassellis, subvassellis, bot ar fewaris only. 1609 J. Skene tr. Stat. Robert I in Regiam Majestatem 28 Gif it sall happen that ouer Lords poynd and distrenzie their vasselles contrare the constitution forsaid. 1689 in Acts Parl. Scotl. (1875) XII. 74 The forfaultors of vassells and cre[dito]rs, who shall be innocent of þair superiors or debitors crymes. 1765–8 J. Erskine Inst. Law Scotl. ii. iii. §13 A vassal..may make over his property to a subvassal by a subaltern right. 1765–8 J. Erskine Inst. Law Scotl. ii. iii. §13 The vassal who thus subfeus [etc.]. 1791 A. Home Decisions Court of Session 1735–1744 (new ed.) 186 The vassal is not bound to accept of a new charter, disconform to his former rights. 1815 R. Bell Conveyance of Land 238 The consent of both superior and vassal must be adhibited by those forms which practice has prescribed. 1853 H. Barclay Digest Law Scotl. 964 Vassal is he who has the right of fee or property—dominium utile—distinguished from the right of superiority, or dominium directum. 1896 W. K. Morton Man. Law Scotl. ii. iii. 84 The law held the feu to transmit to heir of vassal, but superior could reject a stranger. 2. a. transferred. One who holds, in relation to another, a position similar or comparable to that of a feudal vassal. ΘΚΠ society > authority > subjection > service > feudal service > [adjective] liege1362 lordfasta1500 vassal1565 feudary1587 feudatory1592 feudatary1614 society > authority > subjection > service > feudal service > [noun] > person similar to feudal vassal vassal1565 sworn man1571 1565 A. Golding tr. Caesar Martiall Exploytes in Gallia i. f. 23^v To bynd theyr Citye by othe, that they shoulde neyther requyre their hostages agayn,..nor yet refuse to be their subiectes & vassales for euer. 1578 T. Nicholas tr. F. Lopez de Gómara Pleasant Hist. Conquest W. India 47 The Lorde of that town and other foure Lords..came vnto Cortez with a good trayne of their vessals and seruitours. 1732 T. Lediard tr. J. Terrasson Life Sethos II. vii. 51 The king of Phœnicia, whose vassal I declare myself to be. 1807 J. Robinson Archæol. Græca ii. iii. 148 From the time of their [the Helots] first reduction these vassals, impatient of their servitude, often endeavoured to break their yoke. 1836 C. Thirlwall Hist. Greece II. 173 The death of Cyrus is speedily avenged by one of his vassals, Amorges king of the Sacians. 1909 J. Stuart Burma thro' Cent. iv. 42 The King of Bengal determined to restore the exiled King, and did so, the restored King becoming a vassal of Bengal. b. esp. A humble servant or subordinate; one devoted to the service of another. ΘΚΠ society > authority > subjection > service > servant > types of servant > [noun] > devoted vassalc1500 slave1521 c1500 Melusine (1895) xxiv. 163 Damoyselle,..as to my part, your vassall & seruaunt shal I euer be. 1591 E. Spenser Daphnaïda 181 For rare it seemes..That man..Should to a beast his noble hart embase, And be the vassall of his vassalesse. 1609 W. Shakespeare Sonnets lviii. sig. E Being your vassail bound to staie your leisure. View more context for this quotation a1614 J. Melville Autobiogr. & Diary (1842) 370 Mr. Andro [Melvill]..calling the King bot ‘God's sillie vassall’. 1651 in E. Nicholas Papers (1886) I. 254 Lord Digby is a vassal of the Louvre. 1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost ii. 90 The Vassals of his anger, when the Scourge Inexorably..Calls us to Penance. View more context for this quotation 1757 Keene in 10th Rep. Royal Comm. Hist. MSS (1885) App. i. 220 Dⁿ Carlos does not care to make the Figure of a Sort of Vassal. 1782 J. Brown Compend. View Nat. & Revealed Relig. vi. i. 549 These donations ought to be made conscientiously under a sense of our debt to God as his vassals and tenants. 1823 W. Scott Peveril IV. iv. 82 Alas, for the captive princess, whose nod was to command a vassal so costly as your Grace! 1857 J. Hamilton Lessons from Great Biogr. 140 The man who by sin makes himself Satan's vassal may soon be his victim. 1858 E. Bulwer-Lytton What will he do with It? vii. iv Flora Vyvyan had still guarded..a seat beside herself for Darrell, by lending it for the present to one of her obedient vassals. in extended use.1594 W. Shakespeare Lucrece sig. F1 Thy thoughts low vassals to thy state. View more context for this quotation1692 M. Prior Ode Imitation Horace x Where-e'er old Rhine his fruitful Water turns, Or fills his Vassals Tributary Urns. c. One who is completely subject to some influence. Const. of or to. ΘΚΠ the mind > will > necessity > [noun] > subjugation of the will to something else > one whose will is subjugated servantc1384 slave1559 vassalc1614 c1614 W. Mure tr. Virgil Dido & Æneas ii. in Wks. (1898) I. 780 Ȝe happy maids,..Frie from love's plague and perillows infection, Nor wonne by men, nor vassaills to affection. 1631 R. Bolton Instr. Right Comf. Affl. Consciences 32 These vassals of selfe-love, and slaves of lust. 1676 M. Hale Contempl. Moral & Divine: 2nd Pt. ii. 86 Either the Soul becomes servant and vassal to Sin, or at best it is led away Captive by it. 1732 D. Neal Hist. Puritans I. 253 In this Bull he calls her Majesty ‘an usurper and a Vassal of iniquity’. 1855 Ld. Tennyson Maud xxii. ii, in Maud & Other Poems 75 The feeble vassals of wine and anger and lust. 1859 Ld. Tennyson Merlin & Vivien 341 in Idylls of King Fame with men..Should..work as vassal to the larger love. 3. A base or abject person. Cf. slave n.¹ 3b. ΘΚΠ the mind > goodness and badness > inferiority or baseness > baseness > base person > [noun] houndOE hinderlingc1175 whelpc1330 vilec1400 beasta1425 dog bolt1465 shake-rag1571 vassal1589 brock1607 shag-rag1611 shack-rag1612 slubberdegullion1612 baseling1618 shag1620 shab1637 slabberdegullion1653 whiffler1659 hang-dog1693 reptile1697 Nobodaddyc1793 skunk1816 spalpeen1817 tiger1827 soap-lock1840 shake1846 white mouse1846 sweep1853 shuck1862 whiffmagig1871 scrubber1876 ullage1901 jelly bean1905 heel1914 dirty dog1928 crud1932 crut1937 klunk1942 crudball1968 scumbag1971 bawbag1999 the mind > attention and judgement > contempt > condition of being held in contempt > [noun] > state or quality of being contemptible > contemptible person wormc825 wretchOE thingOE hinderlingc1175 harlot?c1225 mixa1300 villain1303 whelpc1330 wonnera1340 bismera1400 vilec1400 beasta1425 creaturec1450 dog bolt1465 fouling?a1475 drivel1478 shit1508 marmoset1523 mammeta1529 pilgarlica1529 pode1528 slave1537 slim1548 skit-brains?1553 grasshopper1556 scavenger1563 old boss1566 rag1566 shrub1566 ketterela1572 shake-rag1571 skybala1572 mumpsimus1573 smatchetc1582 squib1586 scabship1589 vassal1589 baboon1592 Gibraltar1593 polecat1593 mushroom1594 nodc1595 cittern-head1598 nit1598 stockfish1598 cum-twang1599 dish-wash1599 pettitoe1599 mustard-token1600 viliaco1600 cargo1602 stump1602 snotty-nose1604 sprat1605 wormling1605 brock1607 dogfly?1611 shag-rag1611 shack-rag1612 thrum1612 rabbita1616 fitchock1616 unworthy1616 baseling1618 shag1620 glow-worm1624 snip1633 the son of a worm1633 grousea1637 shab1637 wormship1648 muckworm1649 whiffler1659 prig1679 rotten egg1686 prigster1688 begged fool1693 hang-dog1693 bugger1694 reptile1697 squinny1716 snool1718 ramscallion1734 footer1748 jackass1756 hallion1789 skite1790 rattlesnake1791 snot1809 mudworm1814 skunk1816 stirrah1816 spalpeen1817 nyaff1825 skin1825 weed1825 tiger1827 beggar1834 despicability1837 squirt1844 prawn1845 shake1846 white mouse1846 scurf1851 sweep1853 cockroach1856 bummer1857 medlar1859 cunt1860 shuck1862 missing link1863 schweinhund1871 creepa1876 bum1882 trashbag1886 tinhorn1887 snot-rag1888 rodent1889 whelpling1889 pie eatera1891 mess1891 schmuck1892 fucker1893 cheapskate1894 cocksucker1894 gutter-bird1896 perisher1896 skate1896 schmendrick1897 nyamps1900 ullage1901 fink1903 onion1904 punk1904 shitepoke1905 tinhorn sport1906 streeler1907 zob1911 stink1916 motherfucker1918 Oscar1918 shitass1918 shit-face1923 tripe-hound1923 gimp1924 garbage can1925 twerp1925 jughead1926 mong1926 fuck?1927 arsehole1928 dirty dog1928 gazook1928 muzzler1928 roach1929 shite1929 mook1930 lug1931 slug1931 woodchuck1931 crud1932 dip1932 bohunkus1933 lint-head1933 Nimrod1933 warb1933 fuck-piga1935 owl-hoot1934 pissant1935 poot1935 shmegegge1937 motheree1938 motorcycle1938 squiff1939 pendejo1940 snotnose1941 jerkface1942 slag1943 yuck1943 fuckface?1945 fuckhead?1945 shit-head1945 shite-hawk1948 schlub1950 asswipe1953 mother1955 weenie1956 hard-on1958 rass hole1959 schmucko1959 bitch ass1961 effer1961 lamer1961 arsewipe1962 asshole1962 butthole1962 cock1962 dipshit1963 motherfuck1964 dork1965 bumhole1967 mofo1967 tosspot1967 crudball1968 dipstick1968 douche1968 frickface1968 schlong1968 fuckwit1969 rassclaat1969 ass1970 wank1970 fecker1971 wanker1971 butt-fucker1972 slimeball1972 bloodclaat1973 fuckwad1974 mutha1974 suck1974 cocksuck1977 tosser1977 plank1981 sleazebag1981 spastic1981 dweeb1982 bumboclaat1983 dickwad1983 scuzzbag1983 sleazeball1983 butt-face1984 dickweed1984 saddie1985 butt plug1986 jerkweed1988 dick-sucker1989 microcephalic1989 wankstain1990 sadster1992 buttmunch1993 fanny1995 jackhole1996 fassyhole1997 fannybaws2000 fassy2002 1589 R. Greene Menaphon sig. D^v Vassaile auant or with my wings you die, Ist fit an Eagle seate him with a Flie? 1598 R. Bernard tr. Terence Heautontimoroumenos Prol., in Terence in Eng. 194 That I may not euer continually..play the part of a vagabond vassaile. 1608 W. Shakespeare King Lear i. 153 Kent. Now by Appollo King thou swearest thy Gods in vaine. Lear. Vassall, recreant. View more context for this quotation 1766 W. Blackstone Comm. Laws Eng. II. 53 We now use the word vasal opprobriously, as synonymous to slave or bondman. 1820 W. Scott Abbot III. i. 29 Thou that man!—vassal, thou liest! 4. attributive or as adj. a. Having the status or character of a vassal; subject, subordinate; †servile. Chiefly figurative. ΘΚΠ society > authority > subjection > [adjective] underheilda1300 underlouta1300 underling?1370 subjecta1382 obeisantc1390 obedienta1398 subditc1430 subordinatec1485 subjugal?c1500 liablec1571 subaltern1581 regardant1583 obnoxious1591 vassal1594 servient1606 subservient1638 succumbent1647 ancillary1667 secondary1667 supposite1677 discretional1776 obedientiary1794 heteronomousa1871 satellite1882 the mind > emotion > humility > servility > [adjective] go-by-ground?a1300 thrall1398 abjectc1430 manly?c1430 servicious1440 serviceable1483 servile1537 tame1563 slavish1565 demiss1572 submissive1572 cringing1579 fawning1585 incrouching?1593 vassal1594 scraping1599 obsequious1602 spaniel1606 observing1609 deprostrate1610 supplea1616 vernile1623 shrugging1629 wormy1640 compliable1641 thrall-like1641 obeisant1642 inservient1646 truckling1656 cringeling1693 benecking1705 subservient1714 footman-like1776 bingeing1805 sidling1821 toadying1863 crawlsome1904 toadyish1909 crawling1941 ass-kissing1942 1594 W. Shakespeare Lucrece sig. E3^v No outragious thing From vassall actors can be wipt away. View more context for this quotation 1596 Raigne of Edward III sig. D1^v Vassell feare lies trembling at his feete. View more context for this quotation 1609 W. Shakespeare Sonnets cxli. sig. I2 Thy proud hearts slaue and vassall wretch to be. c1616 R. C. Times' Whistle (1871) iv. 1216 Other mettals all Are but his vassaile starres. 1680 T. Otway Orphan i. 10 Man..Forlorn, and silent as his Vassal Beasts. 1718 A. Pope tr. Homer Iliad IV. xv. 117 Supreme he sits; and sees..Your Vassal Godheads grudgingly obey. 1735 W. Somervile Chace ii. 352 When Ammon's Son With mighty Porus in dread Battle join'd, The Vassal World the Prize. 1764 W. Falconer Shipwreck (new ed.) i. 3 Albion bids th' avenging thunders roll Along her vassal deep. 1817 T. Moore Lalla Rookh 234 As if the loveliest plants and trees Had vassal breezes of their own. a1854 H. Reed Lect. Eng. Lit. (1855) iii. 92 Britain was a kind of vassal nation of the Roman Empire. 1868 E. A. Freeman Hist. Norman Conquest (1876) II. App. 686 A title most commonly given to vassal princes. b. In predicative use. Also const. to or unto. ΚΠ 1602 J. Rhodes Answere Romish Rime sig. E And now the other Bishops three..Were first made vassal vnto Rome. 1606 No-body & Some-body sig. B^v Ile be no longer vassaile To such a tirannous rule. 1671 J. Milton Paradise Regain'd iv. 133 That people victor once, now vile and base, Deservedly made vassal . View more context for this quotation 1848 W. K. Kelly tr. L. Blanc Hist. Ten Years I. 325 It would have been to make Belgium vassal to the five powers. 1864 J. R. Lowell Fireside Trav. 215 The eye that saw the whole earth vassal. c. Of or pertaining to, characteristic of, a vassal. ΘΚΠ society > authority > subjection > service > feudal service > [adjective] > of or relating to vassal feemanly1509 vassal1598 feudatory1861 vassalic1897 1598 W. Shakespeare Love's Labour's Lost iv. iii. 222 Who sees the heauenly Rosaline, That..Bowes not his vassall head. View more context for this quotation 1607 T. Middleton Michaelmas Terme Induct. sig. A3 With what a vassaile-appetite they Gnawe, On our reuersions. 1898 Atlantic Monthly 82 562/1 The oath of vassal loyalty constraining him to stand at his post. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1916; most recently modified version published online June 2022). vassalv. Brit. /ˈvasl/, U.S. /ˈvæs(ə)l/ Forms: Also 1600s vassail(e, -ayl, -all. Etymology: < vassal n. and adj. Now rare. 1. transitive. To make subject or subordinate to some thing or person. ΘΚΠ society > authority > subjection > subjecting or subjugation > subject or subdue [verb (reflexive)] subduec1425 vassal1615 to school down1867 society > authority > subjection > subjecting or subjugation > subject [verb (transitive)] > make subject to underputc1374 subjecta1382 subduea1398 summitc1400 inclinec1425 submit?c1425 endanger1551 vassalize1599 servanta1616 vassal1615 vassalage1648 1615 G. Sandys Relation of Journey 77 Whose posterity in part remaineth to this day, though vassaled to the often changes of forraine Governours. 1623 W. Drummond Cypresse Groue in Flowres of Sion 72 Celestiall things fauour him, earthly things are vassaled vnto him. 1628 O. Felltham Resolves: 2nd Cent. lxxii. sig. V7 It vassailes him to the world, to beasts, and men. reflexive.1622 G. Wither Faire-virtue sig. I4 Louers..Vassaling themselues with shame, To some proud imperious Dame.1652 P. Heylyn Cosmographie iii. sig. Vvv3 The other nine..have vassalled themselves to the great Mongul. 2. To reduce to the position of a vassal; to subdue or subjugate. Also figurative. ΘΚΠ society > authority > subjection > subjecting or subjugation > subject [verb (transitive)] wieldOE i-weldeOE onwaldOE overwieldlOE amaistera1250 underlaya1300 daunt1303 underbringc1320 yoke?c1335 undercasta1340 afaitec1350 faite1362 subjecta1382 to make subjectc1384 distraina1400 underlouta1400 underthewa1400 underset1422 subjectc1460 subjuge?1473 submise?1473 dompt1480 suppedit?1483 to keep under1486 abandon1487 bandon?a1500 suppeditatec1545 to bring under1563 reduce1569 assubject1579 overpower1597 envassal1606 assubjugate1609 vassal1612 subact1619 vassalize1647 vassalate1659 to school down1818 to ride herd on (also over)1895 society > authority > subjection > service > feudal service > serve feudal superior [verb (transitive)] > reduce to position of vassal vassal1612 vassalize1647 1612 W. Parkes Curtaine-drawer 9 The rules of reason, and the lawes of nature,..vassayled, obliterate, and vnregarded by him. 1621 R. Montagu Diatribæ Hist. Tithes 493 For Crœsus King of Lydia..was vanquished..and vassalled by Cyrus of Persia. a1657 G. Daniel Idyllia in Poems (1878) IV. Illustr. 5 And fellow-Creatures vassail'd, tumble downe To either Face or Hand, the Axe, or Crowne. Derivatives ˈvassalled adj. ΘΚΠ society > authority > subjection > [adjective] > made subject to authority subjecta1375 subjugatec1429 subact?1440 redact?a1475 mancipatec1487 suppeditate?1526 underthrown1532 submitted1537 subjected1550 subdued1553 captivate1581 vassalled1606 envassalled1609 captivated1621 subordinated1640 subacted1644 vassalized1647 subjugated1656 reduced1659 1606 W. Warner Continuance Albions Eng. xiv. lxxx. 338 And oft his vassalde English he gainst forraine Swords did bring. a1657 G. Daniel Trinarchodia: Henry V cccii, in Poems (1878) IV. 176 The Vassail'd Earth was rent, vnder his Rule. 1815 J. C. Hobhouse Substance Lett. (1816) I. 102 To restore the kings..of that ancient, oppressed, vassalled, decimated France. 1933 W. Faulkner Green Bough 63 Thrall to the vassalled garrison that keep Thy soft unguarded breast's white citadel. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1916; most recently modified version published online December 2021). < n.adj.a1400v.1606
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vassaln.adj.

vassalv.

Derivatives