| 单词 | vicious circle |
| 释义 | > as lemmasvicious circle 9. vicious circle. extracted from viciousadj. a. Logic. (See sense 6b and circle n. 19.) ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > philosophy > logic > logical syllogism > logical argument > [noun] > logical fallacy > vicious circle circle1646 tautology1659 vicious circlec1792 vicious cycle1846 circulus vitiosus1902 c1792 Encycl. Brit. X. 69/1 He runs into what is termed by logicians a vicious circle. 1812 R. Woodhouse Elem. Treat. Astron. viii. 52 This seems to be something like arguing in a vicious circle. 1830 J. F. W. Herschel Prelim. Disc. Study Nat. Philos. 209 It may seem to be arguing in a vicious circle to have recourse to observation for any part of those..conclusions. 1865 J. B. Mozley 8 Lect. Miracles iv. 76 The whole evidence of revelation becomes a vicious circle. 1876 E. Mellor Priesthood iv. 161 The authority of the law is demanded, and he [Cardinal Wiseman] cites the disputed passage. A more palpable and vicious circle was never devised. b. Pathology. A morbid process consisting in the reciprocal continuation and aggravation of one disorder by another. ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > types > [noun] > vicious circle vicious circle1883 circulus vitiosus1902 1883 J. M. Duncan Clin. Lect. Dis. Women (ed. 2) x. 78 There is, in this disease, what is sometimes called a vicious circle; and I shall have, in the course of this lecture, to point out to you several instances of this vicious circle. c. gen. A situation in which action and reaction intensify each other; a self-perpetuating process of aggravation. Similarly vicious spiral, in which the ill-effects are cumulative. Cf. spiral n. 2d. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > adversity > [noun] > unceasing vicious circle1839 vicious spiral1940 1839 H. Holland Med. Notes 100 Thus the practice proceeds, in a vicious circle of habit, from which the patient is rarely extricated without..injury to his future health. 1892 H. James Notebks. (1947) 130 The whole situation works in a kind of inevitable rotary way—in what would be called a vicious circle. 1929 London Aphrodite IV. 316 We are forced back into intellectual vicious-circles of self-scorn, and that is too dostoevskian. 1940 M. Nicholson How Britain's Resources are Mobilized (Oxf. Pamphlets on World Affairs No. 30) 24 The result, when supplies of goods are short, is to bid up prices, thus raising the cost of living, inspiring demands for increased wages and starting the ‘vicious spiral’ of inflation. 1958 Spectator 11 July 60/2 All stress disorder is subject to this vicious-spiral rule. 1965 Listener 11 Nov. 741/2 It is sometimes necessary to enact laws against racism as a first step towards breaking a vicious circle. 1975 Times 23 Aug. 1/5 This is a vicious spiral of..mounting prices and declining traffic volume. 1982 Times 26 Aug. 3/8 It is a vicious circle. The boats cannot be sure of selling their fish until the processors invest in the new plant to handle it, and the processors cannot risk their money until they are sure that the fleet has guaranteed fishing areas and catch quotas. < as lemmas |
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