water balancen.

Brit.

/ˈwɔːtə ˌbaləns/,

/ˈwɔːtə ˌbaln̩s/, U.S.

/ˈwɔdər ˌbæləns/,

/ˈwɑdər ˌbæləns/

Origin: Formed within English, by compounding. Etymons: water n., balance n.¹

Etymology: < water n. + balance n.¹

†1. Any of various appliances for raising water and involving balance in some way. Obsolete.Quot. 1800 refers to an apparatus consisting of a beam pivoted at its centre and having a pan at each end; a falling stream of water fills the upper pan, causing it to drop and thereby raise the other pan, which becomes filled in turn. This results in the beam oscillating, the movement being used to operate valves in the lifting part of the apparatus.Quots. 1836 and a1877 refer to a framework consisting of a series of inclined troughs fixed one above another in a zigzag pattern. With the lower end of the bottom trough in water, rocking of the entire frame results in the water being transferred to successively higher troughs.

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > equipment > lifting or hoisting equipment > [noun] > for raising water

well bucket1477

flail?a1500

kettle-mill1570

scoop1580

water engine1611

chain-pumpa1618

cochlea1648

water-screw1648

engine1652

bucket-fountain1663

chain1682

noria1696

tub-engine1702

tub-gin1702

well-pole1727

screw engine1729

rag1747

rag pump1747

swape1773

picotah1780

water balance1800

ram1801

well sweep1818

shadoof1836

hydraulic belt1856

water carrier1875

bailer1883

trip-bucket1926

1800 E. Darwin Phytologia xi. Pl. VI After a time the water balance q r s closes the cocks now open, and opens their antagonists.

1836 L. Hebert Engineer's & Mechanic's Encycl. I. 725 Contrivances of this kind are described in most of the old writers upon hydraulics; and in France, where they are known as the ‘water-balance’, several curious constructions have been invented.

a1877 E. H. Knight Pract. Dict. Mech. III. 2735/1 Water-balance, an oscillating pendulous frame, having a series of troughs in vertical series and inclined in opposite directions.

2. A machine for raising loads to a height, consisting of two cars or platforms with water tanks attached, connected by a chain passing over a pulley, so that a laden car with an empty tank is raised by the weight of the unladen car with a full tank. Frequently attributive.

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > equipment > lifting or hoisting equipment > [noun] > hydraulic

ram1801

water ram1806

hydraulic ram1808

water balance1843

1843 T. Sopwith Acct. Museum Econ. Geol. 82 (heading) Model of a Water-balance Engine, used in Wales for raising coal.

1901 Westm. Gaz. 16 Feb. 6/2 Hastings Town Council has resolved to construct a water-balance lift to hoist visitors to the breezy heights of East Hill.

1914 Comm. Metallif. Mines & Quarries: 2nd Rep. 80 in Parl. Papers (Cd. 7476) XLII. 27 In slate mines the special rules forbid any person..from riding upon any wagon, sled, truck, or tank, on any inclined or water balance.

2011 M. Yasumoto Rise Victorian Ironopolis 35 The size of furnace called for an exceptional range of material-handling techniques, including water-balance..or direct winding hoists.

a. In a living organism: the equilibrium between water intake and water loss.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > liquid > water > [noun] > equilibrium between water intake and loss

water balance1888

water budget1929

1888 Science 23 Nov. 242/2 The water balance is drawn for the whole kingdom.

1922 Physiol. Rev. 2 158 In diabetes insipidus, the water balance is set at a level higher than normal.

1974 R. Passmore & J. S. Robson Compan. Med. Stud. III. xlix. 9/2 The driving force of thirst normally ensures the minimum daily intake of water needed to maintain water balance.

2003 J. R. Cooper et al. Biochem. Basis Neuropharmacol. (ed. 8) xii. 369 Salt and water balance are maintained by oral or systemic loading.

b. In soil science and hydrology: the equilibrium between the water entering an ecosystem in the form of precipitation, and that stored in or leaving it in the form of run-off or evaporation.

ΚΠ

1893 U.S. Dept. Agric. Forestry Div. No. 7. 141 I also recall here the water balance drawn for the upper Elbe River watershed on p. 128., from which it appears that the river flow represents about 25% of the precipitation.

1938 Amer. Midl. Naturalist 20 682 One of the most important factors affecting water-balance is soil texture, and the texture of the soil varies tremendously in this region.

1957 G. E. Hutchinson Treat. Limnol. I. iv. 221 (heading) The hydrological cycle and the water balance of lakes.

2005 V. Hyvärinen & J. Kajander in M. Seppälä Physical Geogr. Fennoscandia (2008) viii. 146/2 The water balance equation may be written thus: R = P−E−ΔV, where R = run-off, P = (corrected or actual) precipitation, E = total evaporation (evapotranspiration), and V changes of water storages (lakes, ground and soil water, snow cover, and glaciers)—all usually expressed in millimetres.

4. Aeronautics. An apparatus for maintaining balance in an airship by means of a water tank at each end, water being automatically pumped from the lower tank to the higher. rare (now disused).

ΘΚΠ

society > travel > air or space travel > a means of conveyance through the air > balloons and airships > [noun] > ballast

ballast bag1747

ballast1784

sandbag1834

water balance1902

1902 Daily Mail 18 Apr. 4/4 Dr. Barton in his airship has devised an ingenious system of automatic water balance.

1903 A. Williams Romance Mod. Invention 303 The most original feature of this war balloon is the automatic water-balance.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2015; most recently modified version published online December 2021).

单词	water balance
释义	water balancen. Brit. /ˈwɔːtə ˌbaləns/, /ˈwɔːtə ˌbaln̩s/, U.S. /ˈwɔdər ˌbæləns/, /ˈwɑdər ˌbæləns/ Origin: Formed within English, by compounding. Etymons: water n., balance n.¹ Etymology: < water n. + balance n.¹ †1. Any of various appliances for raising water and involving balance in some way. Obsolete.Quot. 1800 refers to an apparatus consisting of a beam pivoted at its centre and having a pan at each end; a falling stream of water fills the upper pan, causing it to drop and thereby raise the other pan, which becomes filled in turn. This results in the beam oscillating, the movement being used to operate valves in the lifting part of the apparatus.Quots. 1836 and a1877 refer to a framework consisting of a series of inclined troughs fixed one above another in a zigzag pattern. With the lower end of the bottom trough in water, rocking of the entire frame results in the water being transferred to successively higher troughs. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > equipment > lifting or hoisting equipment > [noun] > for raising water well bucket1477 flail?a1500 kettle-mill1570 scoop1580 water engine1611 chain-pumpa1618 cochlea1648 water-screw1648 engine1652 bucket-fountain1663 chain1682 noria1696 tub-engine1702 tub-gin1702 well-pole1727 screw engine1729 rag1747 rag pump1747 swape1773 picotah1780 water balance1800 ram1801 well sweep1818 shadoof1836 hydraulic belt1856 water carrier1875 bailer1883 trip-bucket1926 1800 E. Darwin Phytologia xi. Pl. VI After a time the water balance q r s closes the cocks now open, and opens their antagonists. 1836 L. Hebert Engineer's & Mechanic's Encycl. I. 725 Contrivances of this kind are described in most of the old writers upon hydraulics; and in France, where they are known as the ‘water-balance’, several curious constructions have been invented. a1877 E. H. Knight Pract. Dict. Mech. III. 2735/1 Water-balance, an oscillating pendulous frame, having a series of troughs in vertical series and inclined in opposite directions. 2. A machine for raising loads to a height, consisting of two cars or platforms with water tanks attached, connected by a chain passing over a pulley, so that a laden car with an empty tank is raised by the weight of the unladen car with a full tank. Frequently attributive. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > equipment > lifting or hoisting equipment > [noun] > hydraulic ram1801 water ram1806 hydraulic ram1808 water balance1843 1843 T. Sopwith Acct. Museum Econ. Geol. 82 (heading) Model of a Water-balance Engine, used in Wales for raising coal. 1901 Westm. Gaz. 16 Feb. 6/2 Hastings Town Council has resolved to construct a water-balance lift to hoist visitors to the breezy heights of East Hill. 1914 Comm. Metallif. Mines & Quarries: 2nd Rep. 80 in Parl. Papers (Cd. 7476) XLII. 27 In slate mines the special rules forbid any person..from riding upon any wagon, sled, truck, or tank, on any inclined or water balance. 2011 M. Yasumoto Rise Victorian Ironopolis 35 The size of furnace called for an exceptional range of material-handling techniques, including water-balance..or direct winding hoists. 3. a. In a living organism: the equilibrium between water intake and water loss. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > liquid > water > [noun] > equilibrium between water intake and loss water balance1888 water budget1929 1888 Science 23 Nov. 242/2 The water balance is drawn for the whole kingdom. 1922 Physiol. Rev. 2 158 In diabetes insipidus, the water balance is set at a level higher than normal. 1974 R. Passmore & J. S. Robson Compan. Med. Stud. III. xlix. 9/2 The driving force of thirst normally ensures the minimum daily intake of water needed to maintain water balance. 2003 J. R. Cooper et al. Biochem. Basis Neuropharmacol. (ed. 8) xii. 369 Salt and water balance are maintained by oral or systemic loading. b. In soil science and hydrology: the equilibrium between the water entering an ecosystem in the form of precipitation, and that stored in or leaving it in the form of run-off or evaporation. ΚΠ 1893 U.S. Dept. Agric. Forestry Div. No. 7. 141 I also recall here the water balance drawn for the upper Elbe River watershed on p. 128., from which it appears that the river flow represents about 25% of the precipitation. 1938 Amer. Midl. Naturalist 20 682 One of the most important factors affecting water-balance is soil texture, and the texture of the soil varies tremendously in this region. 1957 G. E. Hutchinson Treat. Limnol. I. iv. 221 (heading) The hydrological cycle and the water balance of lakes. 2005 V. Hyvärinen & J. Kajander in M. Seppälä Physical Geogr. Fennoscandia (2008) viii. 146/2 The water balance equation may be written thus: R = P−E−ΔV, where R = run-off, P = (corrected or actual) precipitation, E = total evaporation (evapotranspiration), and V changes of water storages (lakes, ground and soil water, snow cover, and glaciers)—all usually expressed in millimetres. 4. Aeronautics. An apparatus for maintaining balance in an airship by means of a water tank at each end, water being automatically pumped from the lower tank to the higher. rare (now disused). ΘΚΠ society > travel > air or space travel > a means of conveyance through the air > balloons and airships > [noun] > ballast ballast bag1747 ballast1784 sandbag1834 water balance1902 1902 Daily Mail 18 Apr. 4/4 Dr. Barton in his airship has devised an ingenious system of automatic water balance. 1903 A. Williams Romance Mod. Invention 303 The most original feature of this war balloon is the automatic water-balance. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2015; most recently modified version published online December 2021). < n.1800
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