wilfullyadv.

Brit.

/ˈwɪlfᵿli/,

/ˈwɪlfl̩i/, U.S.

/ˈwɪlfəli/

Forms: see wilful adj.¹

Etymology: Late Old English wilfullíce , < *wilfull wilful adj.¹ (compare Old English carfull careful, carfullíce carefully): see -ly suffix².

†1.

a. Willingly, readily, without reluctance; patiently, submissively (with suffer, etc.); gladly, ‘fain’ (with will vb. expressing desire: cf. 3). Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > emotion > calmness > patience > [adverb]

wilfullya1100

thildilichec1175

tholemodely?c1225

patientlyc1384

unmurmuringly1781

uncomplainingly1861

a1100 Gloss. Ælfric's Colloq. 146 (Napier 225/1) Uolenter, wilful [lice].

a1240 Wohunge in Old Eng. Hom. I. 279 Alle þat clenli for þi luue mesaise and pouerte wilfulliche þolien.

1357 Lay Folks' Catech. (L.) 1100 Men schuld wilfully fede pore hungry men and þrusty.

c1384 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(2)) (1850) Deeds xxi. 17 Whanne we camen to Jerusalem, bretheren resceyueden vs wilfulli.

c1460 Godstow Reg. 132 Mansel..willid & acceptid wilfulli þe gifte þat Raph bloet made to þe church.

1489 (a1380) J. Barbour Bruce (Adv.) ii. 172 He serwyt ay lelely, And the tother full wilfully,..Rewardyt him weile his seruice.

1493 Festivall (1515) 9 He must..suffre trybulacyon mekely, and do almes dedes wylfully.

1513 G. Douglas tr. Virgil Æneid viii. iii. 89 Wilfully I obey thair command.

†b. With good will, heartily; ‘with a will’.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > will > wish or inclination > willingness > [adverb] > heartily or zealously

with (also mid) all one's heartOE

greedilyc1200

affectuously?a1425

jealouslya1425

affectuallyc1425

wilfullyc1430

heartilya1450

zealously?1495

desirously1502

affectedly1582

affectionally1603

affectionatelya1716

boots and all1947

Messianically1976

c1430 J. Lydgate Minor Poems (Percy Soc.) 7 First understond, and willfully procede.

1487 (a1380) J. Barbour Bruce (St. John's Cambr.) viii. 462 Thai..prikit furth sa vilfully To vyn the ladis at thai saw pas.

1489 (a1380) J. Barbour Bruce (Adv.) ii. 389 And with that word sa wilfully He dang on.

†2.

a. Of one's own free will, of one's own accord, voluntarily. Rarely in reference to an inanimate thing: Spontaneously, ‘of itself’. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > will > free will > [adverb]

freelyeOE

wilfullyc1000

by one's willOE

of oneselfOE

self-willesOE

of one's own willOE

willyOE

with one's willc1175

voluntarilyc1374

wilfulc1380

of one's own heada1393

willea1400

willilya1400

of (free) voluntyc1402

of or at one's (own) voluntyc1402

of one's own motion1419

of (also by, with) one's (own) goodwill?a1425

on one's own heada1425

of (also by, on, upon) one's own accorda1450

activelyc1454

willinglyc1475

voluntary1480

liberallya1500

of one's own swinge1548

voluntariously1550

voluntarlyc1568

for favour1574

at voluntary1585

of, out of, upon, or at (a person's) own voluntary1585

selfly1595

motu proprio1603

ultroneously1627

unimposedly1647

spontaneously1660

needlessly1710

unmechanically1764

the mind > will > wish or inclination > willingness > [adverb]

to goodeOE

thankc888

yernec888

lieflyc900

lovelyeOE

lustly971

willinglyOE

wilfullyc1000

with (also mid) heart and hand (also hands)OE

fainc1175

lustilya1225

lief1297

yfaȝea1300

blethelyc1300

goodlya1375

blelyc1380

willingc1384

bainc1400

acceptably1479

bainlya1500

cheerfully1523

towardly1523

desirously1531

pronely?1532

fainly1535

wilningly1597

bongre1598

libentiously1606

volently1614

propensely1648

easily1649

with (a) good grace1650

unreluctantly1655

with the best will (in the world)1814

unhesitatingly1829

unqualifyingly1841

unloathly1844

happily1889

c1000 in Haupt's Zeitschr. f. deutsches Alt. IX. 435/2 Sponte, wilful [l] ice.

1357 Lay Folks' Catech. (L.) 1163 How moche more be þei cursyd of god; þat bynde hem-self wil~fully.

1377 W. Langland Piers Plowman B. xx. 48 Syth he þat wrouȝte al þe worlde was wilfullich nedy.

c1400 Mandeville xvi. (1839) 176 Hem that sleen hem self wilfully, for love of here Ydole.

a1425 tr. Arderne's Treat. Fistula 87 If þe puluis putte in go willfully out with þe dede flesch þi nedez is wele sped.

c1440 Gesta Romanorum (Add. MS.) lxiv. 277 Do of thi clothes wilfully, or thou shalt agayn thi wille.

1530 Thorpe's Examinacion sig. Cviii^v The nyght, before y^t Christe Jesu wold suffer wilfullye passion for mankynde.

1590 E. Spenser Faerie Queene ii. i. sig. N She wilfully her sorrow did augment.

1642 T. Fuller Holy State v. xi. 403 Martyrs are to die willingly but not wilfully.

1706 S. Clarke Disc. Nat. Relig. 103 A Man is obliged not to depart wilfully out of this Life, which is the general Station that God has appointed him.

†b. According to one's own will; at will, freely. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > will > free will > [adverb] > with freedom of will

in one's free will?c1225

at a person's willc1300

abandonc1330

freely1340

wilfully1340

contingently1601

electively1636

facultatively1887

1340–70 Alex. & Dind. 604 But ȝe, folliche folk ȝour fals godus alle Wil-fully worschipen wiþ wordliche godus.

a1375 (c1350) William of Palerne (1867) l. 1782 To me tended þei nouȝt, but tok forþ here wey wilfulli to sum wildernesse.

c1475 Partenay 327 Ouer all thys hors so went wylfully here and there ouer all where at hys lust wold.

1609 W. Shakespeare Sonnets lxxx. sig. F^v But since your worth (wide as the Ocean is) The humble as the proudest saile doth beare, My sawsie barke (inferior farre to his) On your broad maine doth wilfully appeare.

†3. With desire, longingly. Obsolete. rare.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > will > wish or inclination > desire > [adverb]

wilfullya1375

desirouslyc1400

desiderantlyc1450

appetentlya1479

desiringly1552

wantingly1893

a1375 (c1350) William of Palerne (1867) l. 3300 Þat quen & hire douȝter & meliors þe schene wayteden out at a windowe wilfulli in-fere.

?1611 G. Chapman tr. Homer Iliads viii. 497 And all did wilfully expect, the siluer-throned morne.

4. Purposely, on purpose, by design, intentionally, deliberately. Chiefly, now always, in bad sense (cf. wilful adj.¹ 5); often with admixture of, or passing into, sense 5; occasionally implying ‘maliciously’.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > will > intention > [adverb]

willesOE

with one's willc1175

willes and waldesc1225

adviselya1325

wittinglya1340

wilfullyc1374

witting1377

a-purposea1382

of purpose (also (out) of (a) (set) purpose)a1382

wilfulc1381

willingly1402

of intention1430

knowingly1435

advisedlyc1449

deliberately1471

purpensely1472

purposely1495

prepensedly1496

purpensedly1496

purposedlya1540

proposely?1550

studiously1567

on (also upon) purpose1569

on set purpose1569

of industry1575

affectedly1582

premeditatelya1595

deliberatively1598

consultively1599

intentionallya1673

affectionally1603

by (also out of, on, upon) design1603

intentionately1609

industriouslya1616

perpensedly1624

intendedlya1641

unspontaneously1640

industrously1643

consultedly1645

consideringly1647

designedly1652

premeditatedly1653

wittily1653

intendingly1678

premeditatinglya1679

self-consciously1685

propensely1694

thinkingly1705

accidentally on purpose1711

affectionatelya1716

prepensely?1725

systematically1744

advertently1745

systemically1761

reflectively1775

purposefullya1854

meaningly1867

aimfully1870

purposively1878

designingly1879

proposedly1887

c1374 G. Chaucer Troilus & Criseyde ii. 284 Yf þat he wole take of it no cure, Whan þan it cometh, but wylfully it weyuen.

1377 W. Langland Piers Plowman B. xvii. 285 How myȝte he axe mercy, or any mercy hym helpe, Þat wykkedlich & willefullich wolde mercy anynte?

c1400 Pilgr. Sowle (1859) ii. li. 54 He that wylfully deceyued hym self, who may hym releue of myschyef?

1477 Rolls of Parl. VI. 184/2 Money so molten, beten or wilfully broken.

1526 R. Whitford tr. Martiloge 67 b The feest also of saynt Dace bysshop of mylen, y^t in his journey toward constantynople was wylfully lodged in a hous y^t was occupyed w^t wycked spirytes.

1617 J. Taylor Three Weekes Obseruations C 3 For those that set houses on fire wilfully, they are smoked to death.

1726 G. Shelvocke Voy. round World vii. 233 Deaf to all I could say, and so wilfully insensible of the impendent destruction.

1819 W. Scott Ivanhoe III. xiv. 358 His administration was wilfully careless, now too indulgent, and now allied to despotism.

1849 T. B. Macaulay Hist. Eng. I. v. 545 Instead of the money came excuses..which ought to have opened the eyes of all who were not wilfully blind.

1879 Cassell's Techn. Educator viii. 107 A mill containing 500 of his looms was wilfully burnt down.

1911 Ac. 1 & 2 Geo. V c. 6 §1 If any person lawfully sworn as a witness..wilfully makes a statement..which he knows to be false.

5. In a self-willed manner, perversely, obstinately, stubbornly.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > will > decision > obstinacy or stubbornness > [adverb] > wilfully

yernec888

wilfulc1381

for wilnesfulc1400

willesfullyc1400

selfwilledly1530

wilfullya1586

wilsomelya1835

a1586 Sir P. Sidney Arcadia (1590) i. v. sig. D5 The mother..beyng determinately (least I shoulde say of a great Lady, wilfully) bent to marrie her to Demagoras.

a1586 Sir P. Sidney Arcadia (1590) ii. xiii. sig. X7^v Now so euill could she conceale her fire, and so wilfully perseuered she in it, that [etc.].

1596 E. Spenser View State Ireland in Wks. (Globe) 654/1 Surely of such desperat persons as will willfully followe the course of theyr owne follye, there is noe compassion to be had.

a1616 W. Shakespeare King John (1623) iii. i. 68 I..demand Why thou against the Church, our holy Mother, So wilfully dost spurne.

a1694 J. Tillotson Serm. Luke xii. 47–48 in Wks. (1717) I. 425 He that first acknowledgeth him for his Prince, and then affronts him, deserves to be prosecuted with the utmost severity, because he did it wilfully, and in meer contempt.

1726 [see sense 4].

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1924; most recently modified version published online December 2021).

单词	wilfully
释义	wilfullyadv. Brit. /ˈwɪlfᵿli/, /ˈwɪlfl̩i/, U.S. /ˈwɪlfəli/ Forms: see wilful adj.¹ Etymology: Late Old English wilfullíce , < wilfull wilful adj.¹ (compare Old English carfull* careful, carfullíce carefully): see -ly suffix². †1. a. Willingly, readily, without reluctance; patiently, submissively (with suffer, etc.); gladly, ‘fain’ (with will vb. expressing desire: cf. 3). Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the mind > emotion > calmness > patience > [adverb] wilfullya1100 thildilichec1175 tholemodely?c1225 patientlyc1384 unmurmuringly1781 uncomplainingly1861 a1100 Gloss. Ælfric's Colloq. 146 (Napier 225/1) Uolenter, wilful [lice]. a1240 Wohunge in Old Eng. Hom. I. 279 Alle þat clenli for þi luue mesaise and pouerte wilfulliche þolien. 1357 Lay Folks' Catech. (L.) 1100 Men schuld wilfully fede pore hungry men and þrusty. c1384 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(2)) (1850) Deeds xxi. 17 Whanne we camen to Jerusalem, bretheren resceyueden vs wilfulli. c1460 Godstow Reg. 132 Mansel..willid & acceptid wilfulli þe gifte þat Raph bloet made to þe church. 1489 (a1380) J. Barbour Bruce (Adv.) ii. 172 He serwyt ay lelely, And the tother full wilfully,..Rewardyt him weile his seruice. 1493 Festivall (1515) 9 He must..suffre trybulacyon mekely, and do almes dedes wylfully. 1513 G. Douglas tr. Virgil Æneid viii. iii. 89 Wilfully I obey thair command. †b. With good will, heartily; ‘with a will’. ΘΚΠ the mind > will > wish or inclination > willingness > [adverb] > heartily or zealously with (also mid) all one's heartOE greedilyc1200 affectuously?a1425 jealouslya1425 affectuallyc1425 wilfullyc1430 heartilya1450 zealously?1495 desirously1502 affectedly1582 affectionally1603 affectionatelya1716 boots and all1947 Messianically1976 c1430 J. Lydgate Minor Poems (Percy Soc.) 7 First understond, and willfully procede. 1487 (a1380) J. Barbour Bruce (St. John's Cambr.) viii. 462 Thai..prikit furth sa vilfully To vyn the ladis at thai saw pas. 1489 (a1380) J. Barbour Bruce (Adv.) ii. 389 And with that word sa wilfully He dang on. †2. a. Of one's own free will, of one's own accord, voluntarily. Rarely in reference to an inanimate thing: Spontaneously, ‘of itself’. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the mind > will > free will > [adverb] freelyeOE wilfullyc1000 by one's willOE of oneselfOE self-willesOE of one's own willOE willyOE with one's willc1175 voluntarilyc1374 wilfulc1380 of one's own heada1393 willea1400 willilya1400 of (free) voluntyc1402 of or at one's (own) voluntyc1402 of one's own motion1419 of (also by, with) one's (own) goodwill?a1425 on one's own heada1425 of (also by, on, upon) one's own accorda1450 activelyc1454 willinglyc1475 voluntary1480 liberallya1500 of one's own swinge1548 voluntariously1550 voluntarlyc1568 for favour1574 at voluntary1585 of, out of, upon, or at (a person's) own voluntary1585 selfly1595 motu proprio1603 ultroneously1627 unimposedly1647 spontaneously1660 needlessly1710 unmechanically1764 the mind > will > wish or inclination > willingness > [adverb] to goodeOE thankc888 yernec888 lieflyc900 lovelyeOE lustly971 willinglyOE wilfullyc1000 with (also mid) heart and hand (also hands)OE fainc1175 lustilya1225 lief1297 yfaȝea1300 blethelyc1300 goodlya1375 blelyc1380 willingc1384 bainc1400 acceptably1479 bainlya1500 cheerfully1523 towardly1523 desirously1531 pronely?1532 fainly1535 wilningly1597 bongre1598 libentiously1606 volently1614 propensely1648 easily1649 with (a) good grace1650 unreluctantly1655 with the best will (in the world)1814 unhesitatingly1829 unqualifyingly1841 unloathly1844 happily1889 c1000 in Haupt's Zeitschr. f. deutsches Alt. IX. 435/2 Sponte, wilful [l] ice. 1357 Lay Folks' Catech. (L.) 1163 How moche more be þei cursyd of god; þat bynde hem-self wil~fully. 1377 W. Langland Piers Plowman B. xx. 48 Syth he þat wrouȝte al þe worlde was wilfullich nedy. c1400 Mandeville xvi. (1839) 176 Hem that sleen hem self wilfully, for love of here Ydole. a1425 tr. Arderne's Treat. Fistula 87 If þe puluis putte in go willfully out with þe dede flesch þi nedez is wele sped. c1440 Gesta Romanorum (Add. MS.) lxiv. 277 Do of thi clothes wilfully, or thou shalt agayn thi wille. 1530 Thorpe's Examinacion sig. Cviii^v The nyght, before y^t Christe Jesu wold suffer wilfullye passion for mankynde. 1590 E. Spenser Faerie Queene ii. i. sig. N She wilfully her sorrow did augment. 1642 T. Fuller Holy State v. xi. 403 Martyrs are to die willingly but not wilfully. 1706 S. Clarke Disc. Nat. Relig. 103 A Man is obliged not to depart wilfully out of this Life, which is the general Station that God has appointed him. †b. According to one's own will; at will, freely. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the mind > will > free will > [adverb] > with freedom of will in one's free will?c1225 at a person's willc1300 abandonc1330 freely1340 wilfully1340 contingently1601 electively1636 facultatively1887 1340–70 Alex. & Dind. 604 But ȝe, folliche folk ȝour fals godus alle Wil-fully worschipen wiþ wordliche godus. a1375 (c1350) William of Palerne (1867) l. 1782 To me tended þei nouȝt, but tok forþ here wey wilfulli to sum wildernesse. c1475 Partenay 327 Ouer all thys hors so went wylfully here and there ouer all where at hys lust wold. 1609 W. Shakespeare Sonnets lxxx. sig. F^v But since your worth (wide as the Ocean is) The humble as the proudest saile doth beare, My sawsie barke (inferior farre to his) On your broad maine doth wilfully appeare. View more context for this quotation †3. With desire, longingly. Obsolete. rare. ΘΚΠ the mind > will > wish or inclination > desire > [adverb] wilfullya1375 desirouslyc1400 desiderantlyc1450 appetentlya1479 desiringly1552 wantingly1893 a1375 (c1350) William of Palerne (1867) l. 3300 Þat quen & hire douȝter & meliors þe schene wayteden out at a windowe wilfulli in-fere. ?1611 G. Chapman tr. Homer Iliads viii. 497 And all did wilfully expect, the siluer-throned morne. 4. Purposely, on purpose, by design, intentionally, deliberately. Chiefly, now always, in bad sense (cf. wilful adj.¹ 5); often with admixture of, or passing into, sense 5; occasionally implying ‘maliciously’. ΘΚΠ the mind > will > intention > [adverb] willesOE with one's willc1175 willes and waldesc1225 adviselya1325 wittinglya1340 wilfullyc1374 witting1377 a-purposea1382 of purpose (also (out) of (a) (set) purpose)a1382 wilfulc1381 willingly1402 of intention1430 knowingly1435 advisedlyc1449 deliberately1471 purpensely1472 purposely1495 prepensedly1496 purpensedly1496 purposedlya1540 proposely?1550 studiously1567 on (also upon) purpose1569 on set purpose1569 of industry1575 affectedly1582 premeditatelya1595 deliberatively1598 consultively1599 intentionallya1673 affectionally1603 by (also out of, on, upon) design1603 intentionately1609 industriouslya1616 perpensedly1624 intendedlya1641 unspontaneously1640 industrously1643 consultedly1645 consideringly1647 designedly1652 premeditatedly1653 wittily1653 intendingly1678 premeditatinglya1679 self-consciously1685 propensely1694 thinkingly1705 accidentally on purpose1711 affectionatelya1716 prepensely?1725 systematically1744 advertently1745 systemically1761 reflectively1775 purposefullya1854 meaningly1867 aimfully1870 purposively1878 designingly1879 proposedly1887 c1374 G. Chaucer Troilus & Criseyde ii. 284 Yf þat he wole take of it no cure, Whan þan it cometh, but wylfully it weyuen. 1377 W. Langland Piers Plowman B. xvii. 285 How myȝte he axe mercy, or any mercy hym helpe, Þat wykkedlich & willefullich wolde mercy anynte? c1400 Pilgr. Sowle (1859) ii. li. 54 He that wylfully deceyued hym self, who may hym releue of myschyef? 1477 Rolls of Parl. VI. 184/2 Money so molten, beten or wilfully broken. 1526 R. Whitford tr. Martiloge 67 b The feest also of saynt Dace bysshop of mylen, y^t in his journey toward constantynople was wylfully lodged in a hous y^t was occupyed w^t wycked spirytes. 1617 J. Taylor Three Weekes Obseruations C 3 For those that set houses on fire wilfully, they are smoked to death. 1726 G. Shelvocke Voy. round World vii. 233 Deaf to all I could say, and so wilfully insensible of the impendent destruction. 1819 W. Scott Ivanhoe III. xiv. 358 His administration was wilfully careless, now too indulgent, and now allied to despotism. 1849 T. B. Macaulay Hist. Eng. I. v. 545 Instead of the money came excuses..which ought to have opened the eyes of all who were not wilfully blind. 1879 Cassell's Techn. Educator viii. 107 A mill containing 500 of his looms was wilfully burnt down. 1911 Ac. 1 & 2 Geo. V c. 6 §1 If any person lawfully sworn as a witness..wilfully makes a statement..which he knows to be false. 5. In a self-willed manner, perversely, obstinately, stubbornly. ΘΚΠ the mind > will > decision > obstinacy or stubbornness > [adverb] > wilfully yernec888 wilfulc1381 for wilnesfulc1400 willesfullyc1400 selfwilledly1530 wilfullya1586 wilsomelya1835 a1586 Sir P. Sidney Arcadia (1590) i. v. sig. D5 The mother..beyng determinately (least I shoulde say of a great Lady, wilfully) bent to marrie her to Demagoras. a1586 Sir P. Sidney Arcadia (1590) ii. xiii. sig. X7^v Now so euill could she conceale her fire, and so wilfully perseuered she in it, that [etc.]. 1596 E. Spenser View State Ireland in Wks. (Globe) 654/1 Surely of such desperat persons as will willfully followe the course of theyr owne follye, there is noe compassion to be had. a1616 W. Shakespeare King John (1623) iii. i. 68 I..demand Why thou against the Church, our holy Mother, So wilfully dost spurne. View more context for this quotation a1694 J. Tillotson Serm. Luke xii. 47–48 in Wks. (1717) I. 425 He that first acknowledgeth him for his Prince, and then affronts him, deserves to be prosecuted with the utmost severity, because he did it wilfully, and in meer contempt. 1726 [see sense 4]. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1924; most recently modified version published online December 2021). < adv.c1000
随便看	as fortune would have it as fou as a puggy as free as air as free as the air as fresh as may as from as full as a mollag as full as a tick as full as one can stick as game as a pebble as game as ned kelly as gentle as a lamb as get-out as getout as god is my judge as god is my witness as god judge me as god would have it as goes ——, so goes as good as good a man as ever stepped as good a man as ever stepped in shoe leather as good as as good as a play as good as gold