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单词 will-o-the-wisp
释义

will-o'-the-wispn.

Brit. /ˌwɪləðəˈwɪsp/, U.S. /ˌwɪləðəˈwɪsp/
Inflections: Plural will-o'-the-wisps, wills-o'-the-wisp.
Forms:

α. 1500s–1600s will-with-the-wispe, 1600s will-the-wispe, 1600s will-with-a-wisp, 1600s will-with-th'-wisp, 1600s will-with-wispe, 1700s–1800s will-with-a-whisp, 1800s will-wit-wisp, 1800s will-wi'-t'-wisp, 1800s–1900s will-with-the-wisp.

β. 1600s– will-of-the-wisp, 1600s– will-o'-the-wisp, 1700s– will-o'-th'-wisp, 1800s– will-o-the-wisp.

γ. 1600s willy-wispe, 1600s– willy-wisp, 1700s willie-with-the-wisp, 1700s willy-and-the-wisp, 1700s willy's-wisp, 1700s willy-wi'-the-wisp, 1800s willerby-wisp, 1800s willy-wit-wisp.

δ. 1600s will-a-wisp, 1600s will-e-wisp, 1700s will-o'-whisp, 1700s will-o'wisp, 1800s– will-o-wisp, 1800s– will-o'-wisp.

ε. 1600s will-i'th'-wisp, 1600s–1800s will-in-the-wisp, 1700s will-i'the-whisp.

Also without hyphens, and with capital initial in the first or last element, or in both.
Origin: From a proper name, combined with English elements. Etymons: proper name Will , with prep., the adj., wisp n.1
Etymology: Originally (in α. forms) < Will, pet form of the male forename William (see William n.) + with prep. + the adj. + wisp n.1, subsequently showing numerous substitutions of other words (especially, in β. forms, of prep.), if indeed one of these was not the original form (all of the main form types are first attested relatively early). Compare later Jack-o'-lantern n., in which the semantic motivation for the final element is clearer; wisp n.1 probably likewise reflects the supposed origin of the light (compare wisp n.1 3a); compare similarly German Irrwisch , in the same sense (16th cent.; < irren to wander + Wisch : see whisk n.1).In γ. forms showing Willie, Willy, diminutive pet form of the male forename William ; compare -y suffix6. In δ. forms showing reduction of of prep. In ε. forms with substitution of in prep. for with prep.
1.
a. A phosphorescent light seen hovering or floating at night over marshy ground; = ignis fatuus n. Also in figurative contexts (cf. sense 1b).On the phenomenon and its history, and possible explanations, see note at ignis fatuus n. 1.
ΘΚΠ
the world > matter > light > light emitted under particular conditions > [noun] > phosphorescence > will-o'-the-wisp
fox-fire1483
foolish fire1563
ignis fatuus1563
fool's fire1583
Kit with the canstick or candlestick1584
going fire1596
will-o'-the-wisp1596
meteor1597
firedrake1607
wisp1618
ambulones1621
Dick-a-Tuesday1636
friar's lantern1645
gillian burnt-tail1654
Jill-burnt-tail1654
Jack-o'-lantern1658
fatuous fire1661
wildfire1663
wandering fire or light1667
Jack-a-Lent1680
fairy light1722
spunkie1727
Jill-o'-the-wisp1750
fen-fire1814
fatuus1820
marsh-light1823
feu follet1832
wisp-lighta1847
hob-lantern1847
ghost light1849
elf-fire1855
Peggy-with-her-lantern1855
fatuous light1857–8
marsh-fire1865
swamp fire1903
Min-Min1950
the world > physical sensation > sight and vision > thing seen > optical illusion > [noun] > an optical illusion > ignis fatuus
foolish fire1563
ignis fatuus1563
fool's fire1583
will-o'-the-wisp1596
night-fire1633
Dick-a-Tuesday1636
fatuous vapour1661
fatuus1668
draco volans1675
spunkie1727
fen-fire1814
fatuous fire1845
fatuous light1857–8
α.
1596 R. Johnson Famous Hist. Seauen Champions vii. 68 Hee had read..of a going fire called Ignis fatuis, the fire of destenie, or [by] some Will with the wispe.
1608 J. Day Law-trickes sig. H2v I haue playd Will with the wispe with my brother and haue led him vp and downe the maze of good fellowship.
1730 Philos. Trans. 1729–30 (Royal Soc.) 36 211 Thus far, what I could learn concerning the Will with a Whisp, as it hath been observed in the Plains.
1909 C. M. Doughty Cliffs i. 22 Each will-with-the-wisp, that hovers from their mist,..This soul-blind people follow like a flock.
β. 1606 T. Heywood 2nd Pt. If you know not Me sig. F3v What voyce is that? art thou a man, or friend? Tell me if thou beest that Will of the wispe, That leadst me this wild Morice.1761 L. Sterne Life Tristram Shandy III. xxxi. 146 All the polemical writings in divinity, are not as clear and demonstrative as those upon a Will o' the Wisp, or any other sound part of philosophy.1840 W. M. Thackeray Paris Sketch Bk. II. 84 No light except that of..the wicked..wills-o'-the wisp, as they gambol among the marshes.1841 C. Dickens Old Curiosity Shop ii. l. 78 I'll be a Will o' the Wisp, now here, now there.1858 W. Greener Gunnery in 1858 208 Proof positive, that we have been on the wrong scent, and running after a ‘Will o' the Wisp.’2006 Chesapeake Life Nov. 132/1 One night, a state trooper named Robert Burkhardt saw a ball of light near route 50—one mile outside of town...Word spread so fast about the mysterious will-'o-the-wisp that twenty carloads of townsfolk joined them out on Church Road.γ. 1628 Robin Good-Fellow, his Mad Prankes ii. sig. C3 Wenches that doe smile, and lispe Vse to call me willy Wispe.1756 Coll. Sc. Poems Several Occasions 23 Travelling of late in fogs and thro' thick mist, Without a guide, save Willy wi' the wisp.?1760 S. Haliburton Mem. Magopico xiii. 40 Plumbino is Willie-with-the-Wisp; Magopico a Flash of Wild-fire.1790 D. Morison Poems 38 Willy's wisp wi' whirlin' cant Their blazes ca', That's nought but vapours frae a stank.1913 C. Smith Manger ii. 38 As we came home I saw a willy-wisp. 'Twas somethink like this glow, and yet 'twas not.δ. 1657 W. Sprigg Ess. with Brief Adviso's 37 If fortune be-friend him in a dark night with vulcan in a lanthorne, he relates wonders, how he hath been led about pools by Will-a-Wisp, or Robin good-fellow.1681 J. Oldham Satyrs upon Jesuits 55 White Sheets for Ghosts, and Will-a-wisps have past For Souls in Purgatory unreleast.1738 E. Montagu Let. 17 Dec. (1809) I. 44 Will-o'wisp never led the bewildered traveller over hedge and ditch as a moon does us country gentlefolks.2013 Nation (Thailand) (Nexis) 28 Aug. We randomly darted over winding roads like an orange will-o'-wisp, heedless of physics.ε. 1664 G. Havers tr. T. Renaudot et al. Gen. Coll. Disc. Virtuosi France xcix. 572 This kind of light has been seen upon the heads of children, whose moister brain exhal'd a vapour proper for it; such also as that is which forms the Will-i'th'-Wisp, which may also proceed from the reflection of the Star-light from the Sea.1706 J. Vanbrugh Mistake (1734) i. 16 What a Shame they should be allow'd to play Will in the Wisp with Men of Honour.1768 A. Tucker Light of Nature Pursued II. i. 132 We should see them dance about like so many Will i'the whisps.
b. figurative. A thing which (or occasionally a person who) deludes or misleads a person by means of erratic but seemingly encouraging appearances. Also: something that is difficult or impossible to catch or track down.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > conformity with what is known, truth > deceit, deception, trickery > deception by illusion, delusion > [noun] > an instance of, illusion > elusive
wisp1618
will-o'-the-wisp1748
Jack-o'-lantern1775
1622 ‘Jack Dawe’ Vox Graculi 45 When you are mis-led with lust (that Will-with-wispe).
1679 Bp. J. Gordon Reformed Bishop 250 I do firmly believe, That..He would have chosen rather to have sent down some English Doctors to have govern'd us..than have permitted any of those Willy-wisps to jump into these empty Chairs.
1748 S. Richardson Clarissa V. iii. 53 Knowlege by theory only is a vague uncertain light: A Will o' the Wisp.
1807 J. Beresford Miseries Human Life II. xvii. 119 Those Wills-o-the-wisp, the Reviewers.
1881 T. H. Huxley Sci. & Culture 247 The metaphysical Will-o'-the-wisps generated in the marshes of literature and theology.
1918 W. R. Inge Philos. Plotinus I. 188 The utterly unscientific notion of an automatic ‘law of progress’, that strange Will-o'-the-wisp of nineteenth-century thought.
2002 F. Close et al. Particle Odyssey ii. 17 The precise path of any individual electron around a nucleus can never be known—the more we try to pin it down, the more it eludes us, like a subatomic will-o'-the-wisp.
2. As a mass noun. The gelatinous colonies of cyanobacteria of the genus Nostoc, which become visible shortly after a period of rain. Also: a cyanobacterium of this genus. Now historical and rare.
ΘΚΠ
the world > plants > particular plants > algae > [noun] > nostoc
star slime1440
slime1471
nostoc?1609
star shot1653
star1666
star jelly1702
shot star1811
witches' meat1849
will-o'-the-wisp1863
witches' butter1922
1863 R. C. A. Prior On Pop. Names Brit. Plants 240 Will o' the Wisp, from its sudden growth by night as if dropped by some phantom, Tremella Nostoc, L.
2016 O. L. Lange & J. Belnap in B. Weber et al. Biol. Soil Crusts ii. 21 Common English names show the anxiety of people about these strange Nostoc colonies on soil, calling them fairies' or witches' butter, star-slime, star jelly, fallen stars, or will-o'-the-wisp.

Compounds

As a modifier.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > conformity with what is known, truth > deceit, deception, trickery > deception by illusion, delusion > [adjective]
lyinga1225
deceptoryc1430
mockinga1529
sleight1533
prestigious?1534
illudinga1547
fallible1552
delusory1588
prestigiatory1588
illusory1599
delusive1607
deceptiousa1616
deludinga1616
flatteringa1616
delusorious1625
fallacious1626
ludificatorya1677
illusive1679
will-o'-the-wisp1682
prestigiating1716
shama1721
false1768
deceptitious1827
deceptional1830
phantasm1834
will-o'-the-wispish1842
will-o'-the-wispy1857
illusionistic1911
illusional1942
1682 ‘Rose Ally Poet’ Epitaph in ‘T. Younkercrape’ Serm. Renowned Observator sig. E2 The' Inferiour-Clergy (poor Noddies!) will stray, Now their Will-a-Wisp-Guide is gone out of the Way.
1873 All Year Round 5 July 226/1 Strange will-o'-the-wisp lights begin to flutter about the cordage.
1883 W. Black Shandon Bells xxi Kitty's will-o'-the-wisp flashes of petulance.
2012 Talk of Town (Nexis) 20 Sept. She comes across an ominous stone circle and then follows a will-o'-wisp trail to a strange, earth-mound house.

Derivatives

ˌwill-o'-the-ˈwispish adj. of the nature of a will-o'-the-wisp.
ΘΚΠ
the world > physical sensation > sight and vision > thing seen > optical illusion > [adjective] > ignis fatuus
will-o'-the-wispish1842
will-o'-the-wispy1857
the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > conformity with what is known, truth > deceit, deception, trickery > deception by illusion, delusion > [adjective]
lyinga1225
deceptoryc1430
mockinga1529
sleight1533
prestigious?1534
illudinga1547
fallible1552
delusory1588
prestigiatory1588
illusory1599
delusive1607
deceptiousa1616
deludinga1616
flatteringa1616
delusorious1625
fallacious1626
ludificatorya1677
illusive1679
will-o'-the-wisp1682
prestigiating1716
shama1721
false1768
deceptitious1827
deceptional1830
phantasm1834
will-o'-the-wispish1842
will-o'-the-wispy1857
illusionistic1911
illusional1942
1842 Satirist 26 June 206/3 A rambling, multifarious, will-o'-the-wispish sort of piece, and, with all its lightness, having a proportion of the heavy about it.
1873 E. Bulwer-Lytton Kenelm Chillingly I. ii. ii. 146 The boy..became impish and Will-of-the-Wisp-ish.
2018 Independent (Nexis) 19 Oct. 42 The north is a mercurial territory, and northernness itself a will-o'-the-wispish thing that's hard to pin down.
ˌwill-o'-the-ˈwispy adj. = will-o'-the-wispish adj.
ΘΚΠ
the world > physical sensation > sight and vision > thing seen > optical illusion > [adjective] > ignis fatuus
will-o'-the-wispish1842
will-o'-the-wispy1857
the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > conformity with what is known, truth > deceit, deception, trickery > deception by illusion, delusion > [adjective]
lyinga1225
deceptoryc1430
mockinga1529
sleight1533
prestigious?1534
illudinga1547
fallible1552
delusory1588
prestigiatory1588
illusory1599
delusive1607
deceptiousa1616
deludinga1616
flatteringa1616
delusorious1625
fallacious1626
ludificatorya1677
illusive1679
will-o'-the-wisp1682
prestigiating1716
shama1721
false1768
deceptitious1827
deceptional1830
phantasm1834
will-o'-the-wispish1842
will-o'-the-wispy1857
illusionistic1911
illusional1942
1857 Graham's Illustr. Mag. Aug. 179/1 Most of her flashes are of a snapping, zig-zag, Will-o'-the-wispy nature.
1886 R. Broughton Dr. Cupid xxxi The Will-of-the-wispy laughter of his eyes.
2011 New Straits Times (Malaysia) (Nexis) 13 Mar. 21 It is not just here that this woolly-minded will-o'-the-wispy mode of thought is taking hold.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2021; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

will-o'-the-wispv.

Brit. /ˌwɪləðəˈwɪsp/, U.S. /ˌwɪləðəˈwɪsp/
Forms: see will-o'-the-wisp n.
Origin: Formed within English, by conversion. Etymon: will-o'-the-wisp n.
Etymology: < will-o'-the-wisp n.
transitive. To lead (a person) astray like a will-o'-the-wisp.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > conformity with what is known, truth > deceit, deception, trickery > deception by illusion, delusion > deceive, delude [verb (transitive)]
bedidderc1000
bipechec1000
swikeOE
fodea1375
flatter1377
to make believea1393
illude1447
miscarrya1450
to fode forth (also occasionally forward, off, on, out)1479
delude1493
sophisticate1597
sile1608
prestigiate1647
will-o'-the-wisp1660
bilk1672
foxa1716
fickle1736
moonshine1824
1660 R. Wild Iter Boreale ix. 13 Dark-Lanthorn Language, and his peep-boe play, Will-E-Wispt Lambert's New-Lights out o'th' way.
1698 J. Fryer New Acct. E.-India & Persia 375 But to return to our Men of Learning, from whence we have been Will-ith-whisped.
1926 J. B. Priestley G. Meredith v. 129 Woman..is far less likely than man to be Will-o'-the-Wisped away by sheer unreason masquerading as reason.
1987 Social Scientist 15 4 Those LDCs, which were once will-o'-the-wisped into dallying with ‘modernization’ high-falutin', now exhibit, if anything, an acute technological dependence.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2021; most recently modified version published online December 2021).
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n.1596v.1660
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