regenerateadj.n.

Brit.

/rᵻˈdʒɛn(ə)rət/, U.S.

/riˈdʒɛn(ə)rət/,

/rəˈdʒɛn(ə)rət/

Forms: late Middle English–1600s regenerat, late Middle English– regenerate, 1600s regenarate.

Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymons: Latin regenerātus, regenerāre.

Etymology: < classical Latin regenerātus, past participle of regenerāre (see regenerate v.). Compare later regenerate v. Compare also later regenerated adj.In sense A. 4 apparently by confusion with degenerate adj. In use in sense B. 1 perhaps originally after Italian rigenerato (1548 in the passage translated in quot. ?1551 at sense B. 1), use as noun of rigenerato , adjective (a1342; use as adjective of past participle of rigenerare (a1306 as regenerare ); < classical Latin regenerāre : see regenerate v.).

In early use sometimes as past participle.

A. adj.

a. Spiritually reborn.

ΘΚΠ

society > faith > aspects of faith > spirituality > soul > regeneration > [adjective]

regeneratea1450

regenerated1566

uprising1585

reborn1598

twice-born1849

born-again1928

a1450 (c1435) J. Lydgate Life SS. Edmund & Fremund (Harl.) 273 in C. Horstmann Altengl. Legenden (1881) 2nd Ser. 419 (MED) They shulde receyue in ther Roial estat Baptem..and be regenerat.

1483 W. Caxton tr. J. de Voragine Golden Legende f. Clxxxxj/2 Many other were conuerted and regenerate in the holy fonte of baptesme by the handes of the appostles.

1538 J. Bale God's Promises 32 They that receyve hym are Gods true chyldren playne In sprete regenerate and all grace shall attayne.

1560 Bible (Geneva) 1 Cor. xii. 13 (margin) By baptisme we are regenerat into one Spirit, and by the Lords Supper we are incorporat into Christs bodie to be gouerned by the same Spirit.

1574 G. Scott Against Justif. of Workes 109 Yea though we be regenerate, and borne in Christ agayne, No worke yet here so perfect is, Gods fauour to obtayne.

1605 F. Bacon Of Aduancem. Learning ii. sig. Ggg3^v By the Holy Ghost are the Elect regenerate in spirite.

1641 J. Jackson True Evangelical Temper ii. 101 Religion charactereth itselfe upon the regenerate soule in innocency.

1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost xi. 5 Grace..had remov'd The stonie from thir hearts, and made new flesh Regenerat grow instead.

1746 J. Hervey Medit. among Tombs 20 An innumerable Race of regenerate Children.

1770 Fool of Quality V. 127 Here,..the Apostle distinguishes, most precisely,between..the Outward and Inward, the Vitiated and Regenerate, the Old and the New Man.

1847 B. Barton Sel. Poems & Ballads (1849) 57 That inshining light which enlightens every regenerate Christian.

1875 H. E. Manning Internal Mission of Holy Ghost ii. 35 We are born again, we are regenerate, we are sons of God.

1883 J. W. Reynolds Supernat. in Nature 24 The remarkable betterment which is wrought in those who are called ‘regenerate’.

1928 tr. F. Schleiermacher Christian Faith ii. 519 How far the good works of the regenerate man are his own in such a sense that they can be reckoned to him.

1981 J. Carey John Donne iv. 103 The image of God is restored in all regenerate souls.

1991 R. Cecil Masks of Death (BNC) 29 If the Christian continuum provided hope for the regenerate individual, it offered a much less satisfying answer to the more general question that had perplexed Job and so many others.

b. Restored to a better state or condition; reformed.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > amending > restoration > [adjective] > restored

reparelledc1450

reintegrate1495

redintegrate1501

restored1538

regenerate1613

recruited1648

redintegrated1655

restituted1728

revivified1774

rehabilitated1837

renovated1849

done-over1874

reconditioned1910

rehabbed1967

1613 G. Chapman Epicede sig. B 4 Casting regenerate, and refined eyes On him that rais'd them from their graues of vice.

1647 N. Bacon Hist. Disc. Govt. 26 It had been a wonder if Episcopacy..should by transplanting become regenerate into their originall condition of meeknesse and humility.

1798 J. Lawrence Philos. & Pract. Treat. Horses II. 33 On the happy return of peace..the enfranchised continent will present us with a new and regenerate race of men.

1799 N. Gay Strictures on Proposed Union 19 From the ashes will, phœnix-like, arise Ireland regenerate, born anew, a work to wonder at.

1811 W. Scott Don Roderick Concl. xiv. 65 O who shall grudge him Albuera's bays, Who brought a race regenerate to the field.

1860 J. A. Froude Hist. Eng. (ed. 2) V. 459 Organs still pealed through the aisles in notes unsuited to a regenerate worship.

1865 E. A. Freeman Hist. Ess. (1871) 1st Ser. vi. 130 The righteous and generous sympathy which we all feel towards regenerate Italy.

1911 Times 11 Aug. 3/4 Let us hope that the regenerate Turk will not be behind the Goth in his respect for art, and his appreciation of the past.

1986 A. Powell Fisher King xxv. 153 ‘When did your days become regenerate?’ ‘When you walked into my studio that May morning.’

2. Reborn; reincarnated; brought into existence again in a different form. Now rare.

ΘΚΠ

the world > existence and causation > creation > [adjective] > creating or constructing again > created or constructed again

re-edificate?a1475

regenerate?1536

re-exstruct1594

re-edified1595

recreated1612

rebuilt1647

recomposed1658

regenerated1758

reconstructed1834

recreate1855

recompact1868

the mind > will > decision > irresolution or vacillation > reversal of or forsaking one's will or purpose > [adjective]

renayedc1380

renegate1488

regenerate?1536

runagate1549

renegantc1550

turncoat1571

relenting1576

reneged1594

renegado1612

recreant1613

tergiversating1654

renegade1664

apostate1671

tergiversant1710

blackleg1767

revulsionary1817

tergiversated1831

tergiverse1852

tergiversatory1891

breakaway1934

walk-in1978

?1536 R. Taverner tr. Erasmus Ryght Frutefull Epyst. Prayse of Matrymony sig. D.i ^v Ye haue them that may delyght your age, y^t may close your eyes, y^t may do thoffyce of the buryals, in whome ye may seme regenerate, whome beynge a lyue, ye shalbe thought nat to haue dyed.

a1550 ( G. Ripley Compend of Alchemy (Bodl. e Mus.) f. 51^v (MED) By roting dieth the compownd corporall And..Vprisith agayne, regenerat, simple, & spirituall.

1597 W. Shakespeare Richard II i. iii. 70 The earthly Authour of my bloud, Whose youthfull spirite in me regenerate Doth with a two-fold vigour lift me vp.

1610 J. Healey tr. St. Augustine Citie of God xx. v. 794 For our flesh shalbe regenerate by incorruption, as our soule is by faith.

a1637 B. Jonson Under-woods 203 in Wks. (1640) III I am regenerate now, become the child Of your compassion; Parents should be mild.

1755 J. Shebbeare Lydia II. li. 199 In like manner it has happened in this regenerate Breed, their Bodies are enormous, and their souls very disproportionate, as in the Original of Things.

1792 C. Wilkins in W. Jones et al. Diss. Hist. & Antiq. Asia II. 323 Radhacant reads anapatyayà, or childless,..Sati having borne no children, till she became regenerate in the person of Parvati.

1820 ‘B. Cornwall’ Sicilian Story 163 Beneath this ancient oak (First o' the forest) that doth spread its arms Abroad, and stands again regenerate, She liv'd.

1851 H. T. Prinsep Tibet, Tartary & Mongolia 108 The highest of existing regenerate Boodhs are the Delai Lama of Lassa.

1872 ‘G. Eliot’ Middlemarch III. lvii. 261 To be a tutor, to study all literatures and be a regenerate Porson.

1995 D. M. Flinn Fearful Summons 97 And how grateful he had been when his own son's regenerate body and spirit were reunited in the fal-tor-pan ceremony.

3. Biology and Medicine. Formed again by regeneration. rare.

ΘΚΠ

the world > health and disease > healing > recovery > process of healing of an injury, etc. > [adjective] > forming anew > formed anew

regenerate1565

regenerated1732

1565 J. Hall tr. Lanfranc Most Excellent Woorke Chirurg. ii. xii. 27 After let it be regenerate wyth fleshe.

1664 H. Oldenburg Let. 22 Oct. in R. Boyle Corr. (2001) II. 365 The part of the braine taken out, hath been upon search, when the beast was slaughtered, found regenerate, only of somewhat a softer and looser consistence.

1884 Mind 9 418 The regenerate tail is commonly darker in colour than its predecessor.

1952 Q. Rev. Biol. 27 169/2 Intimacy of morphological relation between the regenerate and the adult tissue has demanded that study of the process of regeneration be made against the background of the anatomy and physiology of adult tissues.

1994 Jrnl. Pediatric Orthopaedics 14 123 Distraction osteogenesis..produced a new area of fibrous dysplasia in the regenerate tissue.

†4. Degenerate; renegade. Obsolete. rare.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > goodness and badness > inferiority or baseness > dissolute conduct > [adjective]

unkind1340

desolatec1386

unthrifty1388

virtueless1402

unvirtuous1432

dissolutec1475

castaway?1542

bastardlyc1567

regenerate1596

perdite1625

profligate1627

deperdit1641

profligated1652

abandoned1690

society > morality > moral evil > moral or spiritual degeneration > [adjective]

unkind1340

degeneratea1513

bastardlyc1567

regenerate1596

embased1602

sunk1602

depressed1647

abastardized1653

demoralized1800

debased1863

1596 Raigne of Edward III sig. A4^v Regenerate Traytor, viper to the place, Where thou was fostred.

1658 J. Rowland Topsell's Hist. Four-footed Beasts (rev. ed.) 360 So forth went this regenerate [1607 (ed. 1) renegate] English Moor, more like a mad man then an advised Champion to kill this Lion.

B. n.

1. A regenerate person. Also: (with theand plural agreement) regenerate people as a class. Now rare.

ΘΚΠ

society > faith > aspects of faith > spirituality > soul > regeneration > [noun] > person

Child of Goda1200

regenerate?1551

?1551 A. Bacon tr. B. Ochino 14 Serm. iii. sig. C.ii The regenerate [It. regenerati] fele in such sorte the charitie of God in Christ, that they knowe them selues to be saued.

a1569 A. Kingsmill Most Excellent & Comfortable Treat. (new ed.) (1585) C vij The blessed posteritie of the blessed Abraham, and true regenerates of God by our Saviour Christ.

1600 Lady Hoby Diary 10 Apr. (1930) 113 I hard Mr Smith defend the truth against the papest, The question beinge whether the regenerate doe sinne.

a1656 Bp. J. Hall Invisible World (1659) iii. v. 169 Casting undue fears into the tender hearts of weak regenerates.

1718 R. Fiddes Theol. Speculativa I. iii. ii. v. 305 The primary and natural motions of concupiscence, which invincibly arise in us,..are confess'd to be in the regenerate themselves.

1794 T. Bryson Comprehensive View Real Christian's Char. 54 That there are remains of enmity in the truly regenerate, will not be denied.

c1900 H. Clews Wall Street Point of View i. ix. 65 The fortunes made by degenerates are usually built upon sandy and shifty foundations, while those that are amassed by their opposites, the regenerates,..are founded upon rock of the most adamantine quality.

1912 Catholic Encycl. XIV. 10/1 Luther [asserted] that all sins of unbelievers are mortal and all sins of the regenerate..are venial.

1991 D. Turley Culture Eng. Antislavery (BNC) 19 Equally, for the regenerate, free agency effectively imposed the duty of good works in the world.

2. Biology. An organism, part, tissue, etc., formed by regeneration.

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > biology > biological processes > development, growth, or degeneration > [noun] > growth > formation or regeneration of parts > part

regenerate1912

1912 Proc. Royal Soc. 1911–12 B. 84 340 The ciliation was normal, but the posterior end of the regenerate was rather pointed.

1937 Biol. Bull. 72 111 In the case of biapical regenerates they [sc. pedal stolons] form from the side of the piece.

1952 Q. Rev. Biol. 27 169/2 The histology of the regenerate emphasizes the continuity and interrelation between adult and regenerating tissue.

1977 Sci. Amer. (U.K. ed.) July 69/3 A graft between a proximal level of a host cockroach leg and a distal level of a donor leg gives rise to a normally oriented intercalary regenerate and forms a normal leg segment.

2003 Plant Cell Rep. 21 1060 Regenerated plantlets..continued to grow after transfer to soil. No morphological aberrations were observed in the regenerates.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2009; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

regeneratev.

Brit.

/rᵻˈdʒɛnəreɪt/,

/ˌriːˈdʒɛnəreɪt/, U.S.

/riˈdʒɛnəˌreɪt/,

/rəˈdʒɛnəˌreɪt/

Forms: 1500s– regenerate; also Scottish pre-1700 regenerat (past tense).

Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymons: Latin regenerāt-, regenerāre.

Etymology: < classical Latin regenerāt-, past participial stem (see -ate suffix³) of regenerāre to produce again, to reproduce, in post-classical Latin also to cause to be spiritually reborn (Vulgate) < re- re- prefix + generāre generate v. Compare also Middle French regenerer , French régénérer (see regener v.), and earlier regener v.

a. transitive. To cause to be spiritually reborn; to invest with a new and higher spiritual nature. Also with into. Also intransitive with implied object.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > amending > restoration > restore [verb (transitive)] > renovate or renew > renew on a higher plane

regeneratea1525

renovate1546

society > faith > aspects of faith > spirituality > soul > regeneration > regenerate [verb (transitive)]

begetc1384

renewc1384

regendera1400

regenera1400

regeneratea1525

transmake1874

a1525 in W. A. Craigie Asloan MS (1923) I. 301/4 This figuris that Crist..regenerat all gud pepill to saluacoun.

1557 M. Basset tr. T. More Treat. Passion in Wks. 1378/2 These I meane whom he hath by his wholesome sacramentes & faith regenerated & renewed.

1587 Sir P. Sidney & A. Golding tr. P. de Mornay Trewnesse Christian Relig. xxxi. 586 But yet hath he circumcysed our harts by regenerating vs.

1626 F. Rous Testis Veritatis (new ed.) 77 Hee is regenerated into a Sonne of God, by Faith and Baptisme.

1656 H. More Life & Doctr. Iesus Christ ii. 149 We must not looke for reward in this world but..reserve our hopes to..to the next world, when rising glorious we shall be regenerated into immortalitie.

1679 W. Penn Addr. Protestants ii. 112 The Family of the Faithful, regenerated and redeemed from the Earth.

1740 D. Waterland Regeneration ii. 17 No Man regenerates himself at all.

1770 tr. P. van Mastricht Treat. Regeneration 30 If you consider, that it is God, who regenerates and quickens, the subject of regeneration can no more resist God, than Lazarus of old could have resisted Christ, when raising him to a natural life.

1850 F. W. Robertson Serm. (1872) 3rd Ser. iv. 48 Man need not be regenerated in order to possess the power of reasoning.

1885 T. C. Finlayson Biol. Relig. 86 Perhaps he thinks that infants dying in infancy are regenerated in the article of death.

1943 J. F. Walvoord Doctrine of Holy Spirit xvii.141 Valentine objects, however, to the statement that baptism regenerates children.

1996 N. Semple Lord's Dominion xiv. 366 Traditional spokesmen argued that no one could be regenerated without consciously repenting his or her faults.

†b. intransitive. To be spiritually reborn. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > amending > provide a remedy [verb (intransitive)] > reform > completely

regenerate1606

society > faith > aspects of faith > spirituality > soul > regeneration > regenerate [verb (intransitive)]

to be born againc1384

regenerate1606

1606 J. Sylvester tr. G. de S. Du Bartas Deuine Weekes & Wks. (new ed.) ii. iii. 117 Sober Wits, Rest satisfied, conceaving that..God the Fruites of Flesh and Blood dooth hate: And that through Christ we must regenerate.

1786 J. Clowes tr. E. Swedenborg True Christian Relig. (ed. 2) 510 The fellowship or communion called the church..gains admission into every one when he is regenerating.

c. transitive. To reform completely; to effect a thorough moral change or improvement in (a person, society, system, etc.). Also intransitive.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > amending > put right [verb (transitive)] > reform > completely

regenerate1755

1755 C. O'Conor Case Roman-Catholics Ireland 59 And is Popery now that greater Evil... Can the Renunciation of it..be the only Element to Regenerate good Subjects for this Nation?

1792 tr. P. L. Guinguiné Lett. on Confessions J. J. Rousseau i. 23 Who..will censure him for..having appealed from the unrighteous judgement of a degraded generation, to the purer tribunal of men regenerated by his morals?

1835 I. Taylor Spiritual Despotism iii. 105 No corporation regenerates by spontaneous energy: it must be brought back to duty..by a hand from without.

1863 W. Phillips Speeches iii. 54 The church has to be regenerated.

1891 Spectator 23 May Where the West rules Mussulmans, it ‘regenerates’ their social system.

1902 W. James Varieties Relig. Experience xiv–xv. 358 Non-resistance, when successful, turns enemies into friends; and charity regenerates its objects.

1990 H. Hendrick Images of Youth (BNC) 256 The former believed that it was possible to regenerate people (this applied emphatically to the young) and, therefore, progress could be assumed.

2008 N.Y. Rev. Bks. 12 June 58/1 Chiang Kaishek's campaign in 1934 to morally regenerate China through mass adherence to four traditional virtues.

†d. transitive (in passive). To be changed into something different or esp. better. Obsolete. rare.

ΚΠ

1761 J. Reed Register-office ii. 23 Our Family had all their Estate confisticated in the Broils between the Yorkshire and Lancashire Line..and the Name regenerated into plain Brush.

1850 W. Collins Antonina iv Pagan images regenerated into portraits of saints.

1869 De Bow's Rev. Jan. 79 The emigrant just landed upon our shores..may be employed by the cotton and iron manufactures, but not by the ship owner, who must wait until the foreigner is regenerated and becomes an American citizen.

2. Biology and Medicine.

a. transitive. To cause (part of the body, tissue, etc.) to form again after loss or injury; to replace by regeneration.

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > biology > biological processes > development, growth, or degeneration > [verb (transitive)] > regenerate

regenerate?1541

re-engender1545

stint1735

develop1742

?1541 R. Copland Guy de Chauliac's Questyonary Cyrurgyens sig. C.j Contynually there engendreth blode ynoughe within the body for to regenerate the substaunce of the sanguyne membre lost.

1575 J. Banister Needefull Treat. Chyrurg. f. 40 It shalbe profitable to regenerate flesh.

1646 Sir T. Browne Pseudodoxia Epidemica 127 That the limbs of Hyppolitus were set together, not regenerated by Æsculapius, is the utmost assertion of Poetry.

1678 R. Cudworth True Intellect. Syst. Universe i. iii. 167 Which regenerates and repairs Veins consumed or cut off.

1784 M. Baillie Wks. (1825) I. 193 I found many old scars where the Rete Mucosum was regenerated.

1813 J. Thomson Lect. Inflammation 471 The dark-coloured fungous mass..on being removed is quickly regenerated.

1837 P. Keith Bot. Lexicon 73 If the cortical layers, while yet young, are accidentally injured, the part destroyed is again regenerated, and the wound healed up without a scar.

1909 R. H. Lock Rec. Progress Study Variation iii. 61 The power of regenerating a lost part must clearly often be of service to the creatures which possess it.

1970 E. J. Ambrose & D. M. Easty Cell Biol. i. 21 The capacity to regenerate certain tissues, possessed by most embryonic animals, is still present in some mature animals and plants.

1998 Daily Tel. 21 Dec. 7/1 The cork oak, Quercus suber , can regenerate its outer skin.

2005 G. Critser Generation Rx iii. 172 It is the only organ that can, with time, regenerate itself, a kind of Donald Trump of the human body.

b. intransitive. To form or be formed again; to grow again; to undergo regeneration.

ΘΚΠ

the world > health and disease > healing > recovery > process of healing of an injury, etc. > of injury, etc.: heal [verb (intransitive)] > form anew

regenerate?1541

the world > life > biology > biological processes > development, growth, or degeneration > [verb (intransitive)] > grow > regrow or regenerate

regenerate?1541

regrow1603

?1541 R. Copland Guy de Chauliac's Questyonary Cyrurgyens ii. sig. Cj I saye fyrste that all sanguyne membres may regenerate [Fr. tous membres sanguins se peulent regenerer] and knyt by very regeneracion and consolidacion.

1617 W. Hamond tr. A. Paré Method curing Wounds xiv. 86 Seeing that he was without paine, and that the flesh began to regenerate, I told him that now he began to bee wel.

1692 J. Ray Wisdom of God (ed. 2) i. 89 Metals and Minerals..shoot, ferment, and as it were vegetate and regenerate.

1756 Philos. Trans. 1755 (Royal Soc.) 49 249 We have not tried, if it does not regenerate, when cut, like polypes.

1822 J. M. Good Study Med. I. 464 When extracted imperfectly it [sc. a polypus] is very apt to regenerate.

1899 T. C. Allbutt et al. Syst. Med. VII. 79 Before regenerating they must be destroyed.

1901 T. H. Morgan Regeneration i. 20 A piece of hydra regenerates without the formation of new material.

1960 D. C. Braungart & R. Buddeke Introd. Animal Biol. (ed. 5) xi. 164 If a leg is broken off at the junction of the second and third segments a new leg will regenerate from this point.

2007 Sci. Amer. (U.K. ed.) Apr. 88/2 A new lower hair follicle then regenerates from stem cells in the telogen follicle.

a. transitive. To bring into renewed existence; to reproduce; to generate again. Also intransitive.

ΚΠ

1542 N. Udall tr. Erasmus Apophthegmes sig. S3^v Drusus because he loued drynkyng was..saied to had regenerate his father Tiberius and made hym aliue again.

1608 E. Topsell Hist. Serpents 190 Out of the ashes of a Toade burnt, not onely one, but many Toades haue been regenerated the yeere folowing.

1712 R. Blackmore Creation ii. 65 [The sun] Thro' all the Soil a genial Ferment spreads, Regenerates the Plants.

1731 J. Arbuthnot Ess. Nature Aliments iv. 48 The Salts, of which the Acid was compos'd, will be regenerated.

1815 J. Scott Visit to Paris App. p. xii The soil in which nitre is produced or regenerated.

1934 C. C. Steele Introd. Plant Biochem. vii. 61 Aldehydes regenerate the violet colour [of Schiff's reagent].

1940 F. F. Grout Kemp's Handbk. Rocks (ed. 6) ix. 209 Besides regenerating the igneous minerals—quartz, feldspar, and others—high temperature metamorphism produces new ones such as garnet..and graphite.

1992 Astronomy May 44/2 Some mechanism must continually regenerate the magnetic fields.

2005 J. Diamond Collapse (2006) xiii. 378 Mining minerals may thus be contrasted with exploiting renewable resources—such as forests, fish, and topsoil—that do regenerate themselves by biological reproduction or by soil formation.

b. transitive. In extended use: to recreate (something immaterial).

ΘΚΠ

the world > existence and causation > creation > [verb (transitive)] > anew

regendera1400

re-engender1545

return1559

instaurate1583

new-make1585

recreate1587

remake1603

regenerate1607

new-create1608

reproduce1611

reconstruct1762

the world > action or operation > amending > restoration > restore [verb (transitive)] > renovate or renew

newOE

freshc1300

renovela1325

renewa1382

renulec1384

refreshc1425

repairc1425

anewc1440

ennew1523

renovatea1555

renove1588

regenerate1607

righta1656

reficiate1657

freshen1710

refreshen1780

to fresh up1831

recondition1857

renovize1932

1607 G. Chapman Bussy D'Ambois v. i. 55 Shorten the world, preuenting the last breath That kils the liuing, and regenerates death.

1612 J. Davies Discouerie Causes Ireland 208 Yet could not the kings grace regenerate obedience in that degenerate house.

1790 E. Burke Refl. Revol. in France 29 In both cases they regenerated the deficient part of the old constitution through the parts which were not impaired.

1792 tr. J. Necker Ess. True Princ. Executive Power Great States II. xvii. 334 To the revolutions of the universe we can commonly say, thus far shall they go and no farther... it is not thus with the excesses that flow from a bad system of government. They regenerate themselves in every direction.

1837 H. Martineau Society in Amer. III. 185 The great point to be gained with the criminal is to regenerate self-respect.

1869 R. T. Claridge Cold-water Cure 77 Mankind may still turn back, and regenerate health.

1989 Times Lit. Suppl. 12 May 515 The..exhibits on display at the Barbican..regenerate some of the excitement of an age of unprecedented creativity.

1995 Home Office Computing June 40/1 In a world where information is recycled, regenerated, and regurgitated by countless parties, an ancient credit ding can continue to pop up long after that [10-year] time frame has passed.

c. transitive. Chemistry and Textiles. To reprecipitate (a natural polymer, esp. cellulose or a protein) following chemical processing, esp. in the form of fibres; to make (fibres) in this way. Cf. regenerated adj. 3.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > chemistry > chemical reactions or processes > subject to chemical reactions or processes [verb (transitive)] > subject to named chemical reaction or process > subject to precipitation > subject to reprecipitation

reprecipitate1787

regenerate1854

1854 Chemist 1 724 The protoxide of iron is peroxidised, and the cotton is regenerated.

1899 U.S. Patent 634,571 1/2 The object of this being to decompose the soluble cellulose sulfocarbonate or viscose and regenerate the insoluble cellulose in the film form.

1948 J. T. Marsh Textile Sci. i. 8 It has not been possible to regenerate fibres from wool, but successful attempts have been made with silk.

1972 M. A. Taylor Technol. Textile Properties 30 Azlon is the generic term given..to fibres regenerated from natural protein, such as casein from milk.

2008 P. Zugenmaier Crystalline Cellulose & Cellulose Derivatives i. 1 In the nineteenth century, methods were developed to separate wood cellulose from lignin chemically and to regenerate the cellulose for use as fibres (rayon).

d. transitive. Chemistry and Biochemistry. To restore the activity of (a catalyst, ion-exchange resin, adsorbent, etc.) following a period of use.

ΚΠ

1912 U.S. Patent 1,022,347 1/1 My invention relates to improvements in a process of regenerating consumed catalysts.

1937 Thorpe's Dict. Appl. Chem. (ed. 4) I. 150/1 Enabling the adsorbed solvents to be recovered and the adsorbents to be regenerated..for further use.

1962 Which? Oct. 294/1 After a time, the resin [in a water softener] has no sodium left, and has to be ‘regenerated’ by adding sodium chloride.

1991 Industr. Waste Managem. Oct. 28/4 The new ion exchange plant selectively treats the rinse waters using strong cation exchange resins, regenerated with sulphuric acid.

4. transitive. To reinvigorate (a person, institution, industry, etc.); spec. to revive (a geographical area) by improving the economic and social conditions. Also reflexive and intransitive.

ΚΠ

1660 J. H. tr. Paracelsus Bk. Renovation 87 in Archidoxis If I say, This is a Disease of the Tincture; A wise man will sufficiently understand that I both know how, and what a Tincture is, and how it regenerates, and causeth old age to become young.

1762 W. Kenrick tr. J.-J. Rousseau Emilius & Sophia I. i. 57 Send..your children, to regenerate themselves, if I may so express myself, in the country; and to recover in the open fields, that vigour which is lost in the unwholesome air of populous cities.

1791 T. Paine Rights of Man i. 54 The country has never yet regenerated itself and is therefore without a constitution.

1801 Mengaud in W. Coxe Trav. Switzerland (ed. 4) I. Introd. xxxix To regenerate Switzerland is not to disturb it.

1864 J. Raine Priory of Hexham I. Pref. i. 63 When his nephew Thomas II wished to regenerate Hexham.

1891 Pall Mall Gaz. 5 May 2/1 Is capital required to ‘regenerate’, as you term it, the non-paying mines?

1984 Dædalus Spring 88 America was to be regenerated by an infusion of Swedish social wisdom while Sweden was to be rejuvenated by American optimism.

1996 Daily Express 1 Mar. 8/2 The Millennium Exhibition, we are told, will regenerate a run-down part of London with new buildings, new roads and new long-term jobs.

2005 Permaculture Mag. Winter 62/2 By letting go of the old I empty myself, so that like the Earth, I can rest and regenerate during the winter months.

5. transitive. Engineering. To use (heat that would otherwise be lost from a furnace, engine, etc.) to preheat cooler incoming air or fuel, in order to increase efficiency.

ΚΠ

1868 Proc. Royal Philos. Soc. Glasgow 4 14 The different apparatus of this kind are usually called regenerators; but they do not regenerate, they only transfer heat.]

1869 Ann. Sci. Discov. 1868 21 To restore the waste heat into the generator, furnaces are now being put up by Messrs. Hannah & Sons, where pretty nearly all the heat will be regenerated.

1918 J. R. Richards Metall. Calculations (new ed.) 423 Compare two furnaces and see which regenerates the waste heat best.

1964 U.S. Patent 3,127,744 4 The gas cooler serves to regenerate the heat contained in the turbine exhaust, which results in high efficiency.

2002 A. J. Willmott Dynamics of Regenerative Heat Transfer iv. 79 Thermal energy..is physically moved into the cold gas stream where it is regenerated and the gas heated.

6. Forestry.

a. transitive. To cause (a tree crop or forest) to regrow or renew, by natural or artificial means.

ΚΠ

1889 W. Schlich Man. Forestry I. ii. 208 The wood is created, or regenerated, under the shelter of the whole or part of the old crop, which forms the shelter-wood.

1928 R. S. Troup Silvicultural Syst. ii. 4 The clear-cutting system. Under this system successive areas are clear felled and regenerated.

1988 Conservation Biol. 2 354 The same problem applies to the use of silvicultural techniques aimed at regenerating single species.

1996 R. Mabey Flora Britannica 248/2 Groups of self-sprung hollies..mixed with thickets of gorse, often provide the cover through which new oak and beech seedlings grow, in the slow process by which the [New] Forest regenerates itself.

b. intransitive. Of a tree, forest, or wooded site: to regrow or renew naturally.

ΚΠ

1974 W. Condry Woodlands xiii. 139 The..horse chestnut..regenerates freely but in our climate is evidently not thrusting enough to carve out a real place for itself in woodlands.

1990 Antiquaries Jrnl. 70 16 The site..was almost certainly clear-felled during the Second World War and left to regenerate.

1994 R. J. Waller Old Songs in New Café 144 Cougars..are moving back into remote areas..as forests regenerate and the deer population increases.

2005 J. Diamond Collapse (2006) vi. 200 Once the original trees had been removed, grazing by sheep, and rooting by pigs initially present, prevented seedlings from regenerating.

7. Electronics.

a. transitive. To reinforce or amplify (a signal) by feeding back part of the output in phase with the input.

ΚΠ

1922 C. W. Taussig Bk. Radio ix. 103 The amplifier takes the signal already amplified and regenerated in the detector..and puts them through a similar process.

1956 U.S. Patent 2,735,993 1 Another object of the invention is to regenerate a broad-band radio frequency signal.

2000 J. H. Krenz Electronic Concepts iv. 272 Regenerating an input signal by feeding back a portion of the output signal to the input.

b. transitive. To restore (a signal) to its original state by compensating for any corruption or loss of amplitude that may have occurred.

ΚΠ

1923 Brit. Patent 196,980 3/2 A distributor is used to select the two sets of signals and regenerate each set.

1970 Science 2 Oct. 36/1 A digital repeater can be designed to regenerate the signal with negligible error.

1983 Computer Communications 6 315/1 Packets for information are continually passed from one node to the next, each node being a repeater that can regenerate the signal sent to it.

2001 Sci. Amer. Jan. 71 An amplifier that regenerates a signal will restore the timing and shape of the pulses in the signal.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2009; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	regenerate
释义	regenerateadj.n. Brit. /rᵻˈdʒɛn(ə)rət/, U.S. /riˈdʒɛn(ə)rət/, /rəˈdʒɛn(ə)rət/ Forms: late Middle English–1600s regenerat, late Middle English– regenerate, 1600s regenarate. Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymons: Latin regenerātus, regenerāre. Etymology: < classical Latin regenerātus, past participle of regenerāre (see regenerate v.). Compare later regenerate v. Compare also later regenerated adj.In sense A. 4 apparently by confusion with degenerate adj. In use in sense B. 1 perhaps originally after Italian rigenerato (1548 in the passage translated in quot. ?1551 at sense B. 1), use as noun of rigenerato , adjective (a1342; use as adjective of past participle of rigenerare (a1306 as regenerare ); < classical Latin regenerāre : see regenerate v.). In early use sometimes as past participle. A. adj. 1. a. Spiritually reborn. ΘΚΠ society > faith > aspects of faith > spirituality > soul > regeneration > [adjective] regeneratea1450 regenerated1566 uprising1585 reborn1598 twice-born1849 born-again1928 a1450 (c1435) J. Lydgate Life SS. Edmund & Fremund (Harl.) 273 in C. Horstmann Altengl. Legenden (1881) 2nd Ser. 419 (MED) They shulde receyue in ther Roial estat Baptem..and be regenerat. 1483 W. Caxton tr. J. de Voragine Golden Legende f. Clxxxxj/2 Many other were conuerted and regenerate in the holy fonte of baptesme by the handes of the appostles. 1538 J. Bale God's Promises 32 They that receyve hym are Gods true chyldren playne In sprete regenerate and all grace shall attayne. 1560 Bible (Geneva) 1 Cor. xii. 13 (margin) By baptisme we are regenerat into one Spirit, and by the Lords Supper we are incorporat into Christs bodie to be gouerned by the same Spirit. 1574 G. Scott Against Justif. of Workes 109 Yea though we be regenerate, and borne in Christ agayne, No worke yet here so perfect is, Gods fauour to obtayne. 1605 F. Bacon Of Aduancem. Learning ii. sig. Ggg3^v By the Holy Ghost are the Elect regenerate in spirite. View more context for this quotation 1641 J. Jackson True Evangelical Temper ii. 101 Religion charactereth itselfe upon the regenerate soule in innocency. 1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost xi. 5 Grace..had remov'd The stonie from thir hearts, and made new flesh Regenerat grow instead. View more context for this quotation 1746 J. Hervey Medit. among Tombs 20 An innumerable Race of regenerate Children. 1770 Fool of Quality V. 127 Here,..the Apostle distinguishes, most precisely,between..the Outward and Inward, the Vitiated and Regenerate, the Old and the New Man. 1847 B. Barton Sel. Poems & Ballads (1849) 57 That inshining light which enlightens every regenerate Christian. 1875 H. E. Manning Internal Mission of Holy Ghost ii. 35 We are born again, we are regenerate, we are sons of God. 1883 J. W. Reynolds Supernat. in Nature 24 The remarkable betterment which is wrought in those who are called ‘regenerate’. 1928 tr. F. Schleiermacher Christian Faith ii. 519 How far the good works of the regenerate man are his own in such a sense that they can be reckoned to him. 1981 J. Carey John Donne iv. 103 The image of God is restored in all regenerate souls. 1991 R. Cecil Masks of Death (BNC) 29 If the Christian continuum provided hope for the regenerate individual, it offered a much less satisfying answer to the more general question that had perplexed Job and so many others. b. Restored to a better state or condition; reformed. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > amending > restoration > [adjective] > restored reparelledc1450 reintegrate1495 redintegrate1501 restored1538 regenerate1613 recruited1648 redintegrated1655 restituted1728 revivified1774 rehabilitated1837 renovated1849 done-over1874 reconditioned1910 rehabbed1967 1613 G. Chapman Epicede sig. B 4 Casting regenerate, and refined eyes On him that rais'd them from their graues of vice. 1647 N. Bacon Hist. Disc. Govt. 26 It had been a wonder if Episcopacy..should by transplanting become regenerate into their originall condition of meeknesse and humility. 1798 J. Lawrence Philos. & Pract. Treat. Horses II. 33 On the happy return of peace..the enfranchised continent will present us with a new and regenerate race of men. 1799 N. Gay Strictures on Proposed Union 19 From the ashes will, phœnix-like, arise Ireland regenerate, born anew, a work to wonder at. 1811 W. Scott Don Roderick Concl. xiv. 65 O who shall grudge him Albuera's bays, Who brought a race regenerate to the field. 1860 J. A. Froude Hist. Eng. (ed. 2) V. 459 Organs still pealed through the aisles in notes unsuited to a regenerate worship. 1865 E. A. Freeman Hist. Ess. (1871) 1st Ser. vi. 130 The righteous and generous sympathy which we all feel towards regenerate Italy. 1911 Times 11 Aug. 3/4 Let us hope that the regenerate Turk will not be behind the Goth in his respect for art, and his appreciation of the past. 1986 A. Powell Fisher King xxv. 153 ‘When did your days become regenerate?’ ‘When you walked into my studio that May morning.’ 2. Reborn; reincarnated; brought into existence again in a different form. Now rare. ΘΚΠ the world > existence and causation > creation > [adjective] > creating or constructing again > created or constructed again re-edificate?a1475 regenerate?1536 re-exstruct1594 re-edified1595 recreated1612 rebuilt1647 recomposed1658 regenerated1758 reconstructed1834 recreate1855 recompact1868 the mind > will > decision > irresolution or vacillation > reversal of or forsaking one's will or purpose > [adjective] renayedc1380 renegate1488 regenerate?1536 runagate1549 renegantc1550 turncoat1571 relenting1576 reneged1594 renegado1612 recreant1613 tergiversating1654 renegade1664 apostate1671 tergiversant1710 blackleg1767 revulsionary1817 tergiversated1831 tergiverse1852 tergiversatory1891 breakaway1934 walk-in1978 ?1536 R. Taverner tr. Erasmus Ryght Frutefull Epyst. Prayse of Matrymony sig. D.i ^v Ye haue them that may delyght your age, y^t may close your eyes, y^t may do thoffyce of the buryals, in whome ye may seme regenerate, whome beynge a lyue, ye shalbe thought nat to haue dyed. a1550 ( G. Ripley Compend of Alchemy (Bodl. e Mus.) f. 51^v (MED) By roting dieth the compownd corporall And..Vprisith agayne, regenerat, simple, & spirituall. 1597 W. Shakespeare Richard II i. iii. 70 The earthly Authour of my bloud, Whose youthfull spirite in me regenerate Doth with a two-fold vigour lift me vp. View more context for this quotation 1610 J. Healey tr. St. Augustine Citie of God xx. v. 794 For our flesh shalbe regenerate by incorruption, as our soule is by faith. a1637 B. Jonson Under-woods 203 in Wks. (1640) III I am regenerate now, become the child Of your compassion; Parents should be mild. 1755 J. Shebbeare Lydia II. li. 199 In like manner it has happened in this regenerate Breed, their Bodies are enormous, and their souls very disproportionate, as in the Original of Things. 1792 C. Wilkins in W. Jones et al. Diss. Hist. & Antiq. Asia II. 323 Radhacant reads anapatyayà, or childless,..Sati having borne no children, till she became regenerate in the person of Parvati. 1820 ‘B. Cornwall’ Sicilian Story 163 Beneath this ancient oak (First o' the forest) that doth spread its arms Abroad, and stands again regenerate, She liv'd. 1851 H. T. Prinsep Tibet, Tartary & Mongolia 108 The highest of existing regenerate Boodhs are the Delai Lama of Lassa. 1872 ‘G. Eliot’ Middlemarch III. lvii. 261 To be a tutor, to study all literatures and be a regenerate Porson. 1995 D. M. Flinn Fearful Summons 97 And how grateful he had been when his own son's regenerate body and spirit were reunited in the fal-tor-pan ceremony. 3. Biology and Medicine. Formed again by regeneration. rare. ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > healing > recovery > process of healing of an injury, etc. > [adjective] > forming anew > formed anew regenerate1565 regenerated1732 1565 J. Hall tr. Lanfranc Most Excellent Woorke Chirurg. ii. xii. 27 After let it be regenerate wyth fleshe. 1664 H. Oldenburg Let. 22 Oct. in R. Boyle Corr. (2001) II. 365 The part of the braine taken out, hath been upon search, when the beast was slaughtered, found regenerate, only of somewhat a softer and looser consistence. 1884 Mind 9 418 The regenerate tail is commonly darker in colour than its predecessor. 1952 Q. Rev. Biol. 27 169/2 Intimacy of morphological relation between the regenerate and the adult tissue has demanded that study of the process of regeneration be made against the background of the anatomy and physiology of adult tissues. 1994 Jrnl. Pediatric Orthopaedics 14 123 Distraction osteogenesis..produced a new area of fibrous dysplasia in the regenerate tissue. †4. Degenerate; renegade. Obsolete. rare. ΘΚΠ the mind > goodness and badness > inferiority or baseness > dissolute conduct > [adjective] unkind1340 desolatec1386 unthrifty1388 virtueless1402 unvirtuous1432 dissolutec1475 castaway?1542 bastardlyc1567 regenerate1596 perdite1625 profligate1627 deperdit1641 profligated1652 abandoned1690 society > morality > moral evil > moral or spiritual degeneration > [adjective] unkind1340 degeneratea1513 bastardlyc1567 regenerate1596 embased1602 sunk1602 depressed1647 abastardized1653 demoralized1800 debased1863 1596 Raigne of Edward III sig. A4^v Regenerate Traytor, viper to the place, Where thou was fostred. 1658 J. Rowland Topsell's Hist. Four-footed Beasts (rev. ed.) 360 So forth went this regenerate [1607 (ed. 1) renegate] English Moor, more like a mad man then an advised Champion to kill this Lion. B. n. 1. A regenerate person. Also: (with theand plural agreement) regenerate people as a class. Now rare. ΘΚΠ society > faith > aspects of faith > spirituality > soul > regeneration > [noun] > person Child of Goda1200 regenerate?1551 ?1551 A. Bacon tr. B. Ochino 14 Serm. iii. sig. C.ii The regenerate [It. regenerati] fele in such sorte the charitie of God in Christ, that they knowe them selues to be saued. a1569 A. Kingsmill Most Excellent & Comfortable Treat. (new ed.) (1585) C vij The blessed posteritie of the blessed Abraham, and true regenerates of God by our Saviour Christ. 1600 Lady Hoby Diary 10 Apr. (1930) 113 I hard Mr Smith defend the truth against the papest, The question beinge whether the regenerate doe sinne. a1656 Bp. J. Hall Invisible World (1659) iii. v. 169 Casting undue fears into the tender hearts of weak regenerates. 1718 R. Fiddes Theol. Speculativa I. iii. ii. v. 305 The primary and natural motions of concupiscence, which invincibly arise in us,..are confess'd to be in the regenerate themselves. 1794 T. Bryson Comprehensive View Real Christian's Char. 54 That there are remains of enmity in the truly regenerate, will not be denied. c1900 H. Clews Wall Street Point of View i. ix. 65 The fortunes made by degenerates are usually built upon sandy and shifty foundations, while those that are amassed by their opposites, the regenerates,..are founded upon rock of the most adamantine quality. 1912 Catholic Encycl. XIV. 10/1 Luther [asserted] that all sins of unbelievers are mortal and all sins of the regenerate..are venial. 1991 D. Turley Culture Eng. Antislavery (BNC) 19 Equally, for the regenerate, free agency effectively imposed the duty of good works in the world. 2. Biology. An organism, part, tissue, etc., formed by regeneration. ΘΚΠ the world > life > biology > biological processes > development, growth, or degeneration > [noun] > growth > formation or regeneration of parts > part regenerate1912 1912 Proc. Royal Soc. 1911–12 B. 84 340 The ciliation was normal, but the posterior end of the regenerate was rather pointed. 1937 Biol. Bull. 72 111 In the case of biapical regenerates they [sc. pedal stolons] form from the side of the piece. 1952 Q. Rev. Biol. 27 169/2 The histology of the regenerate emphasizes the continuity and interrelation between adult and regenerating tissue. 1977 Sci. Amer. (U.K. ed.) July 69/3 A graft between a proximal level of a host cockroach leg and a distal level of a donor leg gives rise to a normally oriented intercalary regenerate and forms a normal leg segment. 2003 Plant Cell Rep. 21 1060 Regenerated plantlets..continued to grow after transfer to soil. No morphological aberrations were observed in the regenerates. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2009; most recently modified version published online March 2022). regeneratev. Brit. /rᵻˈdʒɛnəreɪt/, /ˌriːˈdʒɛnəreɪt/, U.S. /riˈdʒɛnəˌreɪt/, /rəˈdʒɛnəˌreɪt/ Forms: 1500s– regenerate; also Scottish pre-1700 regenerat (past tense). Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymons: Latin regenerāt-, regenerāre. Etymology: < classical Latin regenerāt-, past participial stem (see -ate suffix³) of regenerāre to produce again, to reproduce, in post-classical Latin also to cause to be spiritually reborn (Vulgate) < re- re- prefix + generāre generate v. Compare also Middle French regenerer , French régénérer (see regener v.), and earlier regener v. 1. a. transitive. To cause to be spiritually reborn; to invest with a new and higher spiritual nature. Also with into. Also intransitive with implied object. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > amending > restoration > restore [verb (transitive)] > renovate or renew > renew on a higher plane regeneratea1525 renovate1546 society > faith > aspects of faith > spirituality > soul > regeneration > regenerate [verb (transitive)] begetc1384 renewc1384 regendera1400 regenera1400 regeneratea1525 transmake1874 a1525 in W. A. Craigie Asloan MS (1923) I. 301/4 This figuris that Crist..regenerat all gud pepill to saluacoun. 1557 M. Basset tr. T. More Treat. Passion in Wks. 1378/2 These I meane whom he hath by his wholesome sacramentes & faith regenerated & renewed. 1587 Sir P. Sidney & A. Golding tr. P. de Mornay Trewnesse Christian Relig. xxxi. 586 But yet hath he circumcysed our harts by regenerating vs. 1626 F. Rous Testis Veritatis (new ed.) 77 Hee is regenerated into a Sonne of God, by Faith and Baptisme. 1656 H. More Life & Doctr. Iesus Christ ii. 149 We must not looke for reward in this world but..reserve our hopes to..to the next world, when rising glorious we shall be regenerated into immortalitie. 1679 W. Penn Addr. Protestants ii. 112 The Family of the Faithful, regenerated and redeemed from the Earth. 1740 D. Waterland Regeneration ii. 17 No Man regenerates himself at all. 1770 tr. P. van Mastricht Treat. Regeneration 30 If you consider, that it is God, who regenerates and quickens, the subject of regeneration can no more resist God, than Lazarus of old could have resisted Christ, when raising him to a natural life. 1850 F. W. Robertson Serm. (1872) 3rd Ser. iv. 48 Man need not be regenerated in order to possess the power of reasoning. 1885 T. C. Finlayson Biol. Relig. 86 Perhaps he thinks that infants dying in infancy are regenerated in the article of death. 1943 J. F. Walvoord Doctrine of Holy Spirit xvii.141 Valentine objects, however, to the statement that baptism regenerates children. 1996 N. Semple Lord's Dominion xiv. 366 Traditional spokesmen argued that no one could be regenerated without consciously repenting his or her faults. †b. intransitive. To be spiritually reborn. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > amending > provide a remedy [verb (intransitive)] > reform > completely regenerate1606 society > faith > aspects of faith > spirituality > soul > regeneration > regenerate [verb (intransitive)] to be born againc1384 regenerate1606 1606 J. Sylvester tr. G. de S. Du Bartas Deuine Weekes & Wks. (new ed.) ii. iii. 117 Sober Wits, Rest satisfied, conceaving that..God the Fruites of Flesh and Blood dooth hate: And that through Christ we must regenerate. 1786 J. Clowes tr. E. Swedenborg True Christian Relig. (ed. 2) 510 The fellowship or communion called the church..gains admission into every one when he is regenerating. c. transitive. To reform completely; to effect a thorough moral change or improvement in (a person, society, system, etc.). Also intransitive. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > amending > put right [verb (transitive)] > reform > completely regenerate1755 1755 C. O'Conor Case Roman-Catholics Ireland 59 And is Popery now that greater Evil... Can the Renunciation of it..be the only Element to Regenerate good Subjects for this Nation? 1792 tr. P. L. Guinguiné Lett. on Confessions J. J. Rousseau i. 23 Who..will censure him for..having appealed from the unrighteous judgement of a degraded generation, to the purer tribunal of men regenerated by his morals? 1835 I. Taylor Spiritual Despotism iii. 105 No corporation regenerates by spontaneous energy: it must be brought back to duty..by a hand from without. 1863 W. Phillips Speeches iii. 54 The church has to be regenerated. 1891 Spectator 23 May Where the West rules Mussulmans, it ‘regenerates’ their social system. 1902 W. James Varieties Relig. Experience xiv–xv. 358 Non-resistance, when successful, turns enemies into friends; and charity regenerates its objects. 1990 H. Hendrick Images of Youth (BNC) 256 The former believed that it was possible to regenerate people (this applied emphatically to the young) and, therefore, progress could be assumed. 2008 N.Y. Rev. Bks. 12 June 58/1 Chiang Kaishek's campaign in 1934 to morally regenerate China through mass adherence to four traditional virtues. †d. transitive (in passive). To be changed into something different or esp. better. Obsolete. rare. ΚΠ 1761 J. Reed Register-office ii. 23 Our Family had all their Estate confisticated in the Broils between the Yorkshire and Lancashire Line..and the Name regenerated into plain Brush. 1850 W. Collins Antonina iv Pagan images regenerated into portraits of saints. 1869 De Bow's Rev. Jan. 79 The emigrant just landed upon our shores..may be employed by the cotton and iron manufactures, but not by the ship owner, who must wait until the foreigner is regenerated and becomes an American citizen. 2. Biology and Medicine. a. transitive. To cause (part of the body, tissue, etc.) to form again after loss or injury; to replace by regeneration. ΘΚΠ the world > life > biology > biological processes > development, growth, or degeneration > [verb (transitive)] > regenerate regenerate?1541 re-engender1545 stint1735 develop1742 ?1541 R. Copland Guy de Chauliac's Questyonary Cyrurgyens sig. C.j Contynually there engendreth blode ynoughe within the body for to regenerate the substaunce of the sanguyne membre lost. 1575 J. Banister Needefull Treat. Chyrurg. f. 40 It shalbe profitable to regenerate flesh. 1646 Sir T. Browne Pseudodoxia Epidemica 127 That the limbs of Hyppolitus were set together, not regenerated by Æsculapius, is the utmost assertion of Poetry. View more context for this quotation 1678 R. Cudworth True Intellect. Syst. Universe i. iii. 167 Which regenerates and repairs Veins consumed or cut off. 1784 M. Baillie Wks. (1825) I. 193 I found many old scars where the Rete Mucosum was regenerated. 1813 J. Thomson Lect. Inflammation 471 The dark-coloured fungous mass..on being removed is quickly regenerated. 1837 P. Keith Bot. Lexicon 73 If the cortical layers, while yet young, are accidentally injured, the part destroyed is again regenerated, and the wound healed up without a scar. 1909 R. H. Lock Rec. Progress Study Variation iii. 61 The power of regenerating a lost part must clearly often be of service to the creatures which possess it. 1970 E. J. Ambrose & D. M. Easty Cell Biol. i. 21 The capacity to regenerate certain tissues, possessed by most embryonic animals, is still present in some mature animals and plants. 1998 Daily Tel. 21 Dec. 7/1 The cork oak, Quercus suber , can regenerate its outer skin. 2005 G. Critser Generation Rx iii. 172 It is the only organ that can, with time, regenerate itself, a kind of Donald Trump of the human body. b. intransitive. To form or be formed again; to grow again; to undergo regeneration. ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > healing > recovery > process of healing of an injury, etc. > of injury, etc.: heal [verb (intransitive)] > form anew regenerate?1541 the world > life > biology > biological processes > development, growth, or degeneration > [verb (intransitive)] > grow > regrow or regenerate regenerate?1541 regrow1603 ?1541 R. Copland Guy de Chauliac's Questyonary Cyrurgyens ii. sig. Cj I saye fyrste that all sanguyne membres may regenerate [Fr. tous membres sanguins se peulent regenerer] and knyt by very regeneracion and consolidacion. 1617 W. Hamond tr. A. Paré Method curing Wounds xiv. 86 Seeing that he was without paine, and that the flesh began to regenerate, I told him that now he began to bee wel. 1692 J. Ray Wisdom of God (ed. 2) i. 89 Metals and Minerals..shoot, ferment, and as it were vegetate and regenerate. 1756 Philos. Trans. 1755 (Royal Soc.) 49 249 We have not tried, if it does not regenerate, when cut, like polypes. 1822 J. M. Good Study Med. I. 464 When extracted imperfectly it [sc. a polypus] is very apt to regenerate. 1899 T. C. Allbutt et al. Syst. Med. VII. 79 Before regenerating they must be destroyed. 1901 T. H. Morgan Regeneration i. 20 A piece of hydra regenerates without the formation of new material. 1960 D. C. Braungart & R. Buddeke Introd. Animal Biol. (ed. 5) xi. 164 If a leg is broken off at the junction of the second and third segments a new leg will regenerate from this point. 2007 Sci. Amer. (U.K. ed.) Apr. 88/2 A new lower hair follicle then regenerates from stem cells in the telogen follicle. 3. a. transitive. To bring into renewed existence; to reproduce; to generate again. Also intransitive. ΚΠ 1542 N. Udall tr. Erasmus Apophthegmes sig. S3^v Drusus because he loued drynkyng was..saied to had regenerate his father Tiberius and made hym aliue again. 1608 E. Topsell Hist. Serpents 190 Out of the ashes of a Toade burnt, not onely one, but many Toades haue been regenerated the yeere folowing. 1712 R. Blackmore Creation ii. 65 [The sun] Thro' all the Soil a genial Ferment spreads, Regenerates the Plants. 1731 J. Arbuthnot Ess. Nature Aliments iv. 48 The Salts, of which the Acid was compos'd, will be regenerated. 1815 J. Scott Visit to Paris App. p. xii The soil in which nitre is produced or regenerated. 1934 C. C. Steele Introd. Plant Biochem. vii. 61 Aldehydes regenerate the violet colour [of Schiff's reagent]. 1940 F. F. Grout Kemp's Handbk. Rocks (ed. 6) ix. 209 Besides regenerating the igneous minerals—quartz, feldspar, and others—high temperature metamorphism produces new ones such as garnet..and graphite. 1992 Astronomy May 44/2 Some mechanism must continually regenerate the magnetic fields. 2005 J. Diamond Collapse (2006) xiii. 378 Mining minerals may thus be contrasted with exploiting renewable resources—such as forests, fish, and topsoil—that do regenerate themselves by biological reproduction or by soil formation. b. transitive. In extended use: to recreate (something immaterial). ΘΚΠ the world > existence and causation > creation > [verb (transitive)] > anew regendera1400 re-engender1545 return1559 instaurate1583 new-make1585 recreate1587 remake1603 regenerate1607 new-create1608 reproduce1611 reconstruct1762 the world > action or operation > amending > restoration > restore [verb (transitive)] > renovate or renew newOE freshc1300 renovela1325 renewa1382 renulec1384 refreshc1425 repairc1425 anewc1440 ennew1523 renovatea1555 renove1588 regenerate1607 righta1656 reficiate1657 freshen1710 refreshen1780 to fresh up1831 recondition1857 renovize1932 1607 G. Chapman Bussy D'Ambois v. i. 55 Shorten the world, preuenting the last breath That kils the liuing, and regenerates death. 1612 J. Davies Discouerie Causes Ireland 208 Yet could not the kings grace regenerate obedience in that degenerate house. 1790 E. Burke Refl. Revol. in France 29 In both cases they regenerated the deficient part of the old constitution through the parts which were not impaired. View more context for this quotation 1792 tr. J. Necker Ess. True Princ. Executive Power Great States II. xvii. 334 To the revolutions of the universe we can commonly say, thus far shall they go and no farther... it is not thus with the excesses that flow from a bad system of government. They regenerate themselves in every direction. 1837 H. Martineau Society in Amer. III. 185 The great point to be gained with the criminal is to regenerate self-respect. 1869 R. T. Claridge Cold-water Cure 77 Mankind may still turn back, and regenerate health. 1989 Times Lit. Suppl. 12 May 515 The..exhibits on display at the Barbican..regenerate some of the excitement of an age of unprecedented creativity. 1995 Home Office Computing June 40/1 In a world where information is recycled, regenerated, and regurgitated by countless parties, an ancient credit ding can continue to pop up long after that [10-year] time frame has passed. c. transitive. Chemistry and Textiles. To reprecipitate (a natural polymer, esp. cellulose or a protein) following chemical processing, esp. in the form of fibres; to make (fibres) in this way. Cf. regenerated adj. 3. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > chemistry > chemical reactions or processes > subject to chemical reactions or processes [verb (transitive)] > subject to named chemical reaction or process > subject to precipitation > subject to reprecipitation reprecipitate1787 regenerate1854 1854 Chemist 1 724 The protoxide of iron is peroxidised, and the cotton is regenerated. 1899 U.S. Patent 634,571 1/2 The object of this being to decompose the soluble cellulose sulfocarbonate or viscose and regenerate the insoluble cellulose in the film form. 1948 J. T. Marsh Textile Sci. i. 8 It has not been possible to regenerate fibres from wool, but successful attempts have been made with silk. 1972 M. A. Taylor Technol. Textile Properties 30 Azlon is the generic term given..to fibres regenerated from natural protein, such as casein from milk. 2008 P. Zugenmaier Crystalline Cellulose & Cellulose Derivatives i. 1 In the nineteenth century, methods were developed to separate wood cellulose from lignin chemically and to regenerate the cellulose for use as fibres (rayon). d. transitive. Chemistry and Biochemistry. To restore the activity of (a catalyst, ion-exchange resin, adsorbent, etc.) following a period of use. ΚΠ 1912 U.S. Patent 1,022,347 1/1 My invention relates to improvements in a process of regenerating consumed catalysts. 1937 Thorpe's Dict. Appl. Chem. (ed. 4) I. 150/1 Enabling the adsorbed solvents to be recovered and the adsorbents to be regenerated..for further use. 1962 Which? Oct. 294/1 After a time, the resin [in a water softener] has no sodium left, and has to be ‘regenerated’ by adding sodium chloride. 1991 Industr. Waste Managem. Oct. 28/4 The new ion exchange plant selectively treats the rinse waters using strong cation exchange resins, regenerated with sulphuric acid. 4. transitive. To reinvigorate (a person, institution, industry, etc.); spec. to revive (a geographical area) by improving the economic and social conditions. Also reflexive and intransitive. ΚΠ 1660 J. H. tr. Paracelsus Bk. Renovation 87 in Archidoxis If I say, This is a Disease of the Tincture; A wise man will sufficiently understand that I both know how, and what a Tincture is, and how it regenerates, and causeth old age to become young. 1762 W. Kenrick tr. J.-J. Rousseau Emilius & Sophia I. i. 57 Send..your children, to regenerate themselves, if I may so express myself, in the country; and to recover in the open fields, that vigour which is lost in the unwholesome air of populous cities. 1791 T. Paine Rights of Man i. 54 The country has never yet regenerated itself and is therefore without a constitution. 1801 Mengaud in W. Coxe Trav. Switzerland (ed. 4) I. Introd. xxxix To regenerate Switzerland is not to disturb it. 1864 J. Raine Priory of Hexham I. Pref. i. 63 When his nephew Thomas II wished to regenerate Hexham. 1891 Pall Mall Gaz. 5 May 2/1 Is capital required to ‘regenerate’, as you term it, the non-paying mines? 1984 Dædalus Spring 88 America was to be regenerated by an infusion of Swedish social wisdom while Sweden was to be rejuvenated by American optimism. 1996 Daily Express 1 Mar. 8/2 The Millennium Exhibition, we are told, will regenerate a run-down part of London with new buildings, new roads and new long-term jobs. 2005 Permaculture Mag. Winter 62/2 By letting go of the old I empty myself, so that like the Earth, I can rest and regenerate during the winter months. 5. transitive. Engineering. To use (heat that would otherwise be lost from a furnace, engine, etc.) to preheat cooler incoming air or fuel, in order to increase efficiency. ΚΠ 1868 Proc. Royal Philos. Soc. Glasgow 4 14 The different apparatus of this kind are usually called regenerators; but they do not regenerate, they only transfer heat.] 1869 Ann. Sci. Discov. 1868 21 To restore the waste heat into the generator, furnaces are now being put up by Messrs. Hannah & Sons, where pretty nearly all the heat will be regenerated. 1918 J. R. Richards Metall. Calculations (new ed.) 423 Compare two furnaces and see which regenerates the waste heat best. 1964 U.S. Patent 3,127,744 4 The gas cooler serves to regenerate the heat contained in the turbine exhaust, which results in high efficiency. 2002 A. J. Willmott Dynamics of Regenerative Heat Transfer iv. 79 Thermal energy..is physically moved into the cold gas stream where it is regenerated and the gas heated. 6. Forestry. a. transitive. To cause (a tree crop or forest) to regrow or renew, by natural or artificial means. ΚΠ 1889 W. Schlich Man. Forestry I. ii. 208 The wood is created, or regenerated, under the shelter of the whole or part of the old crop, which forms the shelter-wood. 1928 R. S. Troup Silvicultural Syst. ii. 4 The clear-cutting system. Under this system successive areas are clear felled and regenerated. 1988 Conservation Biol. 2 354 The same problem applies to the use of silvicultural techniques aimed at regenerating single species. 1996 R. Mabey Flora Britannica 248/2 Groups of self-sprung hollies..mixed with thickets of gorse, often provide the cover through which new oak and beech seedlings grow, in the slow process by which the [New] Forest regenerates itself. b. intransitive. Of a tree, forest, or wooded site: to regrow or renew naturally. ΚΠ 1974 W. Condry Woodlands xiii. 139 The..horse chestnut..regenerates freely but in our climate is evidently not thrusting enough to carve out a real place for itself in woodlands. 1990 Antiquaries Jrnl. 70 16 The site..was almost certainly clear-felled during the Second World War and left to regenerate. 1994 R. J. Waller Old Songs in New Café 144 Cougars..are moving back into remote areas..as forests regenerate and the deer population increases. 2005 J. Diamond Collapse (2006) vi. 200 Once the original trees had been removed, grazing by sheep, and rooting by pigs initially present, prevented seedlings from regenerating. 7. Electronics. a. transitive. To reinforce or amplify (a signal) by feeding back part of the output in phase with the input. ΚΠ 1922 C. W. Taussig Bk. Radio ix. 103 The amplifier takes the signal already amplified and regenerated in the detector..and puts them through a similar process. 1956 U.S. Patent 2,735,993 1 Another object of the invention is to regenerate a broad-band radio frequency signal. 2000 J. H. Krenz Electronic Concepts iv. 272 Regenerating an input signal by feeding back a portion of the output signal to the input. b. transitive. To restore (a signal) to its original state by compensating for any corruption or loss of amplitude that may have occurred. ΚΠ 1923 Brit. Patent 196,980 3/2 A distributor is used to select the two sets of signals and regenerate each set. 1970 Science 2 Oct. 36/1 A digital repeater can be designed to regenerate the signal with negligible error. 1983 Computer Communications 6 315/1 Packets for information are continually passed from one node to the next, each node being a repeater that can regenerate the signal sent to it. 2001 Sci. Amer. Jan. 71 An amplifier that regenerates a signal will restore the timing and shape of the pulses in the signal. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2009; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < adj.n.a1450v.a1525
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