X chromosomen.

Brit.

/ˈɛks ˌkrəʊməsəʊm/, U.S.

/ˈɛks ˌkroʊməˌsoʊm/

Forms: Also †x chromosome.

Etymology: X n. 3e.

Genetics.

A chromosome with different morphology and properties from others in the complement, now recognized as a sex chromosome occurring in both sexes of a species, man and other mammals having one in the somatic cells of the male and two in those of the female.

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > biology > biological processes > genetic activity > genetic components > [noun] > chromosome > types of chromosome

chromoplastid1885

accessory chromosome1899

chromoplast1902

X1902

heterochromosome1904

idiochromosome1905

macrochromosome1905

allosome1906

autosome1906

monosome1906

sex chromosome1906

supernumerary1907

X chromosome1911

Y chromosome1911

univalent1912

euchromosome1914

W1917

monosome1921

tetrasome1921

trisome1921

heterosome1938

isochromosome1939

trisomic1939

metacentric1945

acrocentric1949

polycentric1953

Philadelphia chromosome1961

monocentric1979

1902 T. H. Montgomery in Trans. Amer. Philos. Soc. 20 177 One of these three [chromosomes of Protenor belfragei], that designated x in Figs. 119–123, imposes by its relatively very large volume... We shall call this the ‘chromosome x’.]

1911 Biol. Bull. Jan. 118 The case of the aphids and phylloxerans has been the strongest argument for the hypothesis that two X chromosomes [in mosquitoes] give a female and..XY a male.

1933 R. H. Wolcott Animal Biol. lxxiii. 537 In fowls and in moths females have either one x-chromosome or both an x-chromosome and a y-chromosome, while the males have the two x-chromosomes.

1961 P. Gray Encycl. Biol. Sci. 232/1 In most species of Spiders there are two different kinds of X-chromosomes but no Y, so that the males have X₁X₂ and the female X₁X₁X₂X₂.

1966 Lancet 24 Dec. 1397/1 The small size of the Y chromosome relative to the X chromosome has been attributed to the gradual loss of genetic material not concerned with sex determination.

1983 M. B. Zaleski et al. Immunogenetics ii. 36 The X chromosome carries a set of genes that determines a wide variety of traits that do not necessarily affect the sex of the organism.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1986; most recently modified version published online December 2021).

单词	x chromosome
释义	X chromosomen. Brit. /ˈɛks ˌkrəʊməsəʊm/, U.S. /ˈɛks ˌkroʊməˌsoʊm/ Forms: Also †x chromosome. Etymology: X n. 3e. Genetics. A chromosome with different morphology and properties from others in the complement, now recognized as a sex chromosome occurring in both sexes of a species, man and other mammals having one in the somatic cells of the male and two in those of the female. ΘΚΠ the world > life > biology > biological processes > genetic activity > genetic components > [noun] > chromosome > types of chromosome chromoplastid1885 accessory chromosome1899 chromoplast1902 X1902 heterochromosome1904 idiochromosome1905 macrochromosome1905 allosome1906 autosome1906 monosome1906 sex chromosome1906 supernumerary1907 X chromosome1911 Y chromosome1911 univalent1912 euchromosome1914 W1917 monosome1921 tetrasome1921 trisome1921 heterosome1938 isochromosome1939 trisomic1939 metacentric1945 acrocentric1949 polycentric1953 Philadelphia chromosome1961 monocentric1979 1902 T. H. Montgomery in Trans. Amer. Philos. Soc. 20 177 One of these three [chromosomes of Protenor belfragei], that designated x in Figs. 119–123, imposes by its relatively very large volume... We shall call this the ‘chromosome x’.] 1911 Biol. Bull. Jan. 118 The case of the aphids and phylloxerans has been the strongest argument for the hypothesis that two X chromosomes [in mosquitoes] give a female and..XY a male. 1933 R. H. Wolcott Animal Biol. lxxiii. 537 In fowls and in moths females have either one x-chromosome or both an x-chromosome and a y-chromosome, while the males have the two x-chromosomes. 1961 P. Gray Encycl. Biol. Sci. 232/1 In most species of Spiders there are two different kinds of X-chromosomes but no Y, so that the males have X₁X₂ and the female X₁X₁X₂X₂. 1966 Lancet 24 Dec. 1397/1 The small size of the Y chromosome relative to the X chromosome has been attributed to the gradual loss of genetic material not concerned with sex determination. 1983 M. B. Zaleski et al. Immunogenetics ii. 36 The X chromosome carries a set of genes that determines a wide variety of traits that do not necessarily affect the sex of the organism. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1986; most recently modified version published online December 2021). < n.1911
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