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单词 xantho-
释义

xantho-comb. form

Stress is usually determined by a subsequent element and vowels may be reduced accordingly.
Forms: Before a vowel xanth-.
Etymology: < ancient Greek ξανθο-, combining form of ξανθός yellow.Sometimes also zantho- : see X n.
Occurring as the first element in various compounds and derivatives, chiefly terms of chemistry, mineralogy, and pathology; the more important of these are given in their alphabetical places.
1. Chemistry. In names of, or adjectives relating to, various compounds.
a. Of a yellow colour.
(a)
xanthaematin n.
Brit. /zanˈθiːmətɪn/
,
/zanˈθɛmətɪn/
,
U.S. /zænˈθimədən/
,
/zænˈθɛmədən/
ΚΠ
1860 R. G. Mayne Expos. Lexicon Med. Sci. Xanthæmatin..Term by Brett and Bird for a yellow, bitter substance found by dissolving hematin in weak nitric acid.
xanthaline n.
Brit. /ˈzanθəlɪn/
,
/ˈzanθəliːn/
,
U.S. /ˈzænθələn/
,
/ˈzænθəˌlin/
ΚΠ
1893 Pharmaceut. Jrnl. & Trans. 25 Mar. 793/2 Xanthaline—A New Opium Alkaloid (C37H36N2O9).
xanthocobalt n.
Brit. /ˌzanθə(ʊ)ˈkəʊbɔːlt/
,
/ˌzanθə(ʊ)ˈkəʊbɒlt/
,
U.S. /ˌzænθəˈkoʊˌbɔlt/
,
/ˌzænθəˈkoʊˌbɑlt/
ΘΚΠ
the world > matter > chemistry > elements and compounds > metals > specific elements > cobalt > [noun] > compounds
xanthocobalt1856
cobaltammine1881
cobalt oxide1903
1856 W. Gibbs & F. A. Genth in Smithsonian Contrib. Knowl. (1857) 9 v. 48 The salts of Xanthocobalt.
xanthocobaltic n.
Brit. /ˌzanθə(ʊ)kəʊˈbɔːltɪk/
,
/ˌzanθə(ʊ)kəʊˈbɒltɪk/
,
U.S. /ˌzænθəˌkoʊˈbɔltɪk/
,
/ˌzænθəˌkoʊˈbɑltɪk/
,
/ˌzænθoʊˌkoʊˈbɔltɪk/
,
/ˌzænθoʊˌkoʊˈbɑltɪk/
ΚΠ
1863 H. Watts Dict. Chem. I. 1054 Xantho-cobaltic Salts.
xanthocreatine n.
Brit. /ˌzanθə(ʊ)ˈkriːətiːn/
,
/ˌzanθə(ʊ)ˈkriːətɪn/
,
U.S. /ˌzænθəˈkriəˌtin/
,
/ˌzænθəˈkriədən/
ΘΚΠ
the world > matter > chemistry > organic chemistry > organic bases > [noun]
creatine1835
cystine1843
ammeline1846
creatinine1847
thialdine1847
toluidine1850
pyrrole base1853
parapicoline1857
pinacoline1866
xanthinine1868
choline1869
xanthocreatinine1887
xanthocreatine1891
Schiff base1892
tar base1921
thiocholine1929
1891 Cent. Dict. Xanthocreatine.
1913 W. A. N. Dorland Illustr. Med. Dict. (ed. 7) 1062/2 Xanthocreatin, xanthocreatinin.
xanthocreatinine n.
Brit. /ˌzanθə(ʊ)krɪˈatᵻniːn/
,
U.S. /ˌzænθoʊkriˈædəˌnin/
,
/ˌzænθəkriˈædəˌnin/
ΘΚΠ
the world > matter > chemistry > organic chemistry > organic bases > [noun]
creatine1835
cystine1843
ammeline1846
creatinine1847
thialdine1847
toluidine1850
pyrrole base1853
parapicoline1857
pinacoline1866
xanthinine1868
choline1869
xanthocreatinine1887
xanthocreatine1891
Schiff base1892
tar base1921
thiocholine1929
1887 A. M. Brown Treat. Animal Alkaloids ii. ii. 85 Xanthocreatinine C5H10N4O..closely resembles kreatinine... It shows in pellets of sulphur yellow, of slightly cadaveric odour.
xanthoglobulin n.
Brit. /ˌzanθə(ʊ)ˈɡlɒbjᵿlɪn/
,
U.S. /ˌzænθəˈɡlɑbjələn/
ΘΚΠ
the world > life > biology > substance > proteins > [noun]
casein1838
albuminoid1855
xanthoglobulin1868
myochrome1872
xanthoprotein1883
histone1885
globulose1886
phaseolin1893
leucosin1894
nucleohistone1894
nucleon1895
mucoid1898
protone1898
mucinoid1902
myohaemoglobin1906
nucleoprotamine1911
cytozyme1914
leaf protein1917
cytochrome1925
mucoprotein1925
myoglobin1925
flavoprotein1934
oxymyoglobin1935
ferritin1937
lipovitellin1942
arthropodin1947
trypticase1947
erythropoietin1948
phosvitin1948
opsin1951
orosomucoid1955
metallothionein1960
plastocyanin1961
aequorin1962
ferredoxin1962
LDL1962
fetoprotein1964
thioredoxin1964
actinin1965
adrenodoxin1965
lactoferrin1965
myoglobulin1965
rubredoxin1965
uniporter1967
miraculin1968
nexin1970
bacteriorhodopsin1971
molybdoprotein1971
monellin1972
cytokine1974
ankyrin1975
clathrin1975
electromorph1975
tau1975
uniport1975
microtrabecula1976
porin1976
osteocalcin1977
calmodulin1978
monokine1978
PCNA1978
vimentin1978
interleukin1979
laminin1979
titin1979
villin1979
cyclin1981
triskele1981
acumentin1982
perforin1983
statin1985
activin1986
addressin1988
synuclein1988
chemokine1992
1868 H. Watts Dict. Chem. V. 1052 Xanthoglobulin. This name was given by Scherer..to a substance which he obtained in yellow globules.
1880 J. W. Legg On Bile 515 Hypoxanthin and xanthoglobulin were also found.
xanthophane n.
Brit. /ˈzanθə(ʊ)feɪn/
,
U.S. /ˈzænθəˌfeɪn/
[ < Greek ϕαν-, stem of ϕαίνειν to cause to appear]
ΚΠ
1890 J. S. Billings National Med. Dict. II Xanthophane, an orange-yellow pigment obtained from the retina.
xanthopicrin n.
Brit. /ˌzanθə(ʊ)ˈpɪkrɪn/
,
U.S. /ˌzænθəˈpɪkrən/
[Greek πικρός bitter]
ΚΠ
1852 W. Gregory Handbk. Org. Chem. (ed. 3) 301 Zanthopicrine is a bitter crystalline substance from the bark of Zanthoxylum Clava Herculis.
1868 H. Watts Dict. Chem. V. 1053 Xanthopicrin, Xanthopicrite. These names were given..to a yellow colouring-matter from the bark of Xanthoxylon caribœum, since shown..to be identical with berberine.
xanthopicrite n.
Brit. /ˌzanθə(ʊ)ˈpɪkrʌɪt/
,
U.S. /ˌzænθəˈpɪˌkraɪt/
ΚΠ
1838 T. Thomson Chem. Org. Bodies 710 Xanthopicrite..was detected by Chevalier and Pelletan [1826], in the bark of the Xanthoxylon carybœum... It has..a very bitter and astringent taste.
xanthoprotein n.
Brit. /ˌzanθə(ʊ)ˈprəʊtiːn/
,
U.S. /ˌzænθəˈproʊˌtin/
ΘΚΠ
the world > life > biology > substance > proteins > [noun]
casein1838
albuminoid1855
xanthoglobulin1868
myochrome1872
xanthoprotein1883
histone1885
globulose1886
phaseolin1893
leucosin1894
nucleohistone1894
nucleon1895
mucoid1898
protone1898
mucinoid1902
myohaemoglobin1906
nucleoprotamine1911
cytozyme1914
leaf protein1917
cytochrome1925
mucoprotein1925
myoglobin1925
flavoprotein1934
oxymyoglobin1935
ferritin1937
lipovitellin1942
arthropodin1947
trypticase1947
erythropoietin1948
phosvitin1948
opsin1951
orosomucoid1955
metallothionein1960
plastocyanin1961
aequorin1962
ferredoxin1962
LDL1962
fetoprotein1964
thioredoxin1964
actinin1965
adrenodoxin1965
lactoferrin1965
myoglobulin1965
rubredoxin1965
uniporter1967
miraculin1968
nexin1970
bacteriorhodopsin1971
molybdoprotein1971
monellin1972
cytokine1974
ankyrin1975
clathrin1975
electromorph1975
tau1975
uniport1975
microtrabecula1976
porin1976
osteocalcin1977
calmodulin1978
monokine1978
PCNA1978
vimentin1978
interleukin1979
laminin1979
titin1979
villin1979
cyclin1981
triskele1981
acumentin1982
perforin1983
statin1985
activin1986
addressin1988
synuclein1988
chemokine1992
1883 Ogilvie's Imperial Dict. (Annandale) Xanthoprotein, a yellow acid substance formed by the action of nitric acid upon fibrine.
xanthopsin n.
Brit. /zanˈθɒpsɪn/
,
U.S. /zænˈθɑpsən/
[Greek ὄψις sight]
ΚΠ
1890 J. S. Billings National Med. Dict. II Xanthopsin, yellow pigment of the retina.
1901 W. A. N. Dorland Illustr. Med. Dict. (ed. 2) 764/1 Xanthopsin, visual purple partially discolored or bleached by light; visual yellow.
xanthopuccine n.
Brit. /ˌzanθə(ʊ)ˈpʌkiːn/
,
U.S. /ˌzænθəˈpəˌkin/
[puccoon n.]
ΚΠ
1890 J. S. Billings National Med. Dict. II Xanthopuccine, name proposed by Lerchen (1878) for an alkaloid found in hydrastis.
xanthopurpurin n.
Brit. /ˌzanθə(ʊ)ˈpəːpjᵿrɪn/
,
U.S. /ˌzænθəˈpərp(j)ərən/
ΚΠ
1877 H. Watts Fownes's Man. Chem. II. 588 Purpuroxanthin (or Xanthopurpurin)..is formed from purpurin by reduction with stannous chloride in alkaline solution.
xanthorhamnin n.
Brit. /ˌzanθə(ʊ)ˈramnɪn/
,
U.S. /ˌzænθəˈræmnən/
ΚΠ
1843 R. J. Kane in London, Edinb., & Dublin Philos. Mag. 23 3 The dark-coloured [Persian] berries..give out to boiling water an olive-yellow material, to which..I give the name of xanthorhamnine.
(b)
xanthophenic adj.
Brit. /ˌzanθə(ʊ)ˈfiːnɪk/
,
/ˌzanθə(ʊ)ˈfɛnɪk/
,
U.S. /ˌzænθəˈfɛnɪk/
,
/ˌzænθəˈfinɪk/
ΚΠ
1868 H. Watts Dict. Chem. V. 1052 Xanthophenic acid. A yellow colouring-matter,..produced..by heating phenol or cresol with arsenic acid... The xanthophenates dye silk and wool red, of various shades.
xanthoproteic adj.
Brit. /ˌzanθə(ʊ)prəʊˈtiːɪk/
,
U.S. /ˌzænθoʊˌproʊˈtiɪk/
,
/ˌzænθəˌproʊˈtiɪk/
ΚΠ
1843 T. Thomson Chem. Animal Bodies 178 Xantho-proteic Acid. This name [Xantho-proteinsäure] has been given by Mulder [1838] to a yellow coloured acid, obtained first by Fourcroy, by treating fibrin, or albumen with nitric acid.
1847–9 Todd's Cycl. Anat. & Physiol. IV. i. 164/1 The alkaline xanthoproteates.
1873 C. H. Ralfe Outl. Physiol. Chem. 130 Heated with strong nitric acid pepsin does not give the xantho-proteic reaction; hence it would appear that pepsin is not an albuminoid substance.
1904 Brit. Med. Jrnl. 10 Sept. 601 The normal gland extract gave a positive result with the xanthoproteic test.
xanthotannic adj.
Brit. /ˌzanθə(ʊ)ˈtanɪk/
,
U.S. /ˌzænθəˈtænɪk/
ΚΠ
1862 H. Watts tr. L. Gmelin Hand-bk. Chem. XV. 533 Xanthotannic Acid. Obtained from elm-leaves reddened in the autumn.
xanthydric adj.
Brit. /zanˈθʌɪdrɪk/
,
U.S. /zænˈθaɪdrɪk/
[Greek ὕδωρ water]
ΚΠ
1868 H. Watts Dict. Chem. V. 1054 Xanthydric acid. Syn. with Persulphocyanic Acid [obtained as ‘a pale yellow crystalline powder’, IV. 378].
b. Derived from or related to xanthic acid (xanthic adj. 1b).
xanthamide adj.
Brit. /ˈzanθəmʌɪd/
,
U.S. /ˈzænθəˌmaɪd/
ΚΠ
1855 H. Watts tr. L. Gmelin Hand-bk. Chem. IX. 276 Xanthamide. C6NH7S2O2.
1855 H. Watts tr. L. Gmelin Hand-bk. Chem. IX. 277 Xanthamide exposed in a distillatory apparatus to a gradually increasing temperature is resolved into mercaptan and cyanuric acid.
xantharin adj.
Brit. /ˈzanθərɪn/
,
U.S. /ˈzænθərən/
ΚΠ
1868 H. Watts Dict. Chem. V. 1049 Xantharin, or Xanthil, an oily fetid compound, C4H10O3, supposed by Couerbe..to be produced by the dry distillation of xanthic ether.
xantheic adj.
Brit. /zanˈθiːɪk/
,
U.S. /zænˈθiɪk/
ΚΠ
1843 Penny Cycl. XXVII. 614/2 When xanthate of potash is subjected to distillation a limpid yellow coloured fluid comes over, which Zeise has called xantheic oil.
xanthelene adj.
Brit. /ˈzanθəliːn/
,
U.S. /ˈzænθəˌlin/
ΚΠ
1868 H. Watts Dict. Chem. V. 1049 Xanthelene. Zeise gave this name to an oil..produced..by precipitating potassic ethylsulphocarbonate with a cupric salt.
xanthomethylic adj.
Brit. /ˌzanθə(ʊ)mᵻˈθɪlɪk/
,
U.S. /ˌzænθoʊməˈθɪlɪk/
,
/ˌzænθəməˈθɪlɪk/
ΚΠ
1868 H. Watts Dict. Chem. V. 501 Methyl-disulphocarbonic Acid (CH3)HCOS2. Xanthomethylic Acid... Methylic Disulphocarbonate, C3H6OS2... Xanthomethylic Ether.
c. Derived from or related to xanthydric acid.
xanthane n.
Brit. /ˈzanθeɪn/
,
U.S. /ˈzænˌθeɪn/
(also xanthˈan) (see quots.)
ΚΠ
1868 H. Watts Dict. Chem. V. 1049 Xanthan, Berzelius's name for the group Cy2S3, regarded as the radicle of persulphocyanic or xanthydric acid.
2. In various compounds.
xantharsenite n.
Brit. /zanˈθɑːs(ə)nʌɪt/
,
U.S. /zænˈθɑrs(ə)ˌnaɪt/
Mineralogy a mineral allied to chondrarsenite, occurring in sulphur-yellow masses.
ΘΚΠ
the world > the earth > minerals > types of mineral > oxides and hydroxides > antimonites, arsenites, etc. > [noun] > arsenites
patrinite1861
rhombarsenite1887
xantharsenite1892
rathite1897
smithite1905
trechmannite1909
sinnerite1964
aktashite1970
1892 E. S. Dana J. D. Dana's Syst. Mineral. (ed. 6) 796 Xantharsenite... Occurs with hausmannite,..in crystalline limestone.
xanthocarpous adj.
Brit. /ˌzanθə(ʊ)ˈkɑːpəs/
,
U.S. /ˌzænθəˈkɑrpəs/
[Greek καρπός fruit] Botany having yellow fruit.
ΘΚΠ
the world > plants > part of plant > reproductive part(s) > fruit or reproductive product > plant that bears fruit > [adjective] > bearing fruit or fruitful > of specific colour
saffron-fruited1558
black-berried1676
xanthocarpous1862
1862 R. G. Mayne Med. Vocab. (ed. 2) 436/1 Xanthocarpous.
xanthochromatic adj.
Brit. /ˌzanθə(ʊ)krə(ʊ)ˈmatɪk/
,
U.S. /ˌzænθəkrəˈmædɪk/
,
/ˌzænθoʊkrəˈmædɪk/
,
/ˌzænθəˌkroʊˈmædɪk/
ΘΚΠ
the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > disorders of internal organs > disorders of nervous system > [adjective] > disorders of spinal cord
myelitic1857
myelopathic1891
syringomyelic1899
xanthochromatic1922
xanthochromic1952
1922 Arch. Neurol. & Psychiatry (Chicago) 8 24 Elsberg and Rochfort in a study of ninety-two cases of chronic diseases of the spinal cord found xanthochromatic cerebrospinal fluid in fourteen instances.
1969 G. M. Edington & H. M. Gilles Pathol. in Tropics ii. 79 [In congenital toxoplasmosis] the protein in the cerebrospinal fluid is increased and may be xanthochromatic.
xanthochromia n.
Brit. /ˌzanθə(ʊ)ˈkrəʊmɪə/
,
U.S. /ˌzænθəˈkroʊmiə/
[Greek χρῶμα colour] Medicine (a) (see quot. 1894); = xanthochroia n. at Xanthochroi n. Derivatives; (b) a yellowish discoloration of the cerebrospinal fluid as a result of haemorrhage in the spinal cord or brain.
ΘΚΠ
the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > disorders of visible parts > skin disorders > [noun] > disordered pigmentation
melasma1563
orange skin1822
melanopathia1847
xanthosis1853
xanthelasma1867
xanthochroia1867
xanthoderma1867
xanthopathia1867
xanthoma1869
argyria1874
chloasma1877
leucoderma1884
xeroderma pigmentosum1884
hyperchromatosis1886
melanodermia1886
leucodermia1888
hyperchromasia1889
hyperpigmentation1890
hypochromia1890
xanthochromia1894
xanthodermia1900
melanization1927
the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > disorders of internal organs > disorders of nervous system > [noun] > disorders of spinal cord
rachialgitis1824
myelitis1835
medullitis1848
pachymeningitis1857
spinitis1859
transverse myelitis1879
syringomyelia1881
syringomyelus1881
meningomyelocele1885
meningomyelitis1886
poliomyelopathy1890
syringomyelitis1890
myelopathy1891
xanthochromia1894
spinal block1928
1894 G. M. Gould Illustr. Dict. Med. 1622/2 Xanthochromia, a persistent condition of yellow skin, resembling but not identical with jaundice.
1905 G. M. Gould Dict. New Med. Terms 568/1 Xanthochromia, Tuffier and Miliau's [read Milian's] name (1902) for the yellow hemorrhagic discoloration of the cephalorachidian fluid, diagnostic of hemorrhage of the neuraxis.
1912 Lancet 7 Sept. 685/2 On the value of a quantitative albumin estimation of the cerebro-spinal fluid (with special reference to the syndrome of massive coagulation and xanthochromia).
1977 Lancet 24 Dec. 1352/1 There were no cells in the C.S.F. and no xanthochromia.
xanthochromic adj.
Brit. /ˌzanθə(ʊ)ˈkrəʊmɪk/
,
U.S. /ˌzænθəˈkroʊmɪk/
ΘΚΠ
the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > disorders of internal organs > disorders of nervous system > [adjective] > disorders of spinal cord
myelitic1857
myelopathic1891
syringomyelic1899
xanthochromatic1922
xanthochromic1952
1952 F. A. Elliott et al. Clin. Neurol. ix. 184 Xanthochromic fluid bleaches on exposure to daylight.
1979 Jrnl. Neurosurg. 51 352/1 The presence of subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is diagnostically confirmed by the detection of bloody and/or xanthochromic cerebrospinal fluid.
xanthocomic adj.
Brit. /ˌzanθə(ʊ)ˈkɒmɪk/
,
U.S. /ˌzænθəˈkɑmɪk/
[Greek κόμη hair] yellow-haired.Apparently an isolated use.
ΘΚΠ
the world > life > the body > hair > colour of hair > [adjective] > golden > having
yellow-haired1556
golden-headed1789
xanthocomic1861
1861 A. Wynter Our Social Bees 497 Europe is the chief seat of the xantho-comic or light~haired races.
xanthocone n.
Brit. /ˈzanθə(ʊ)kəʊn/
,
U.S. /ˈzænθəˌkoʊn/
(also ˈxanthocon) [ < German xanthokon (Breithaupt, 1840), < Greek κόνις dust] Mineralogy an arseniosulphide of silver, of a dull red or brown colour, yellow when pulverized.
ΘΚΠ
the world > the earth > minerals > types of mineral > sulphides and related minerals > sulpho-salts > [noun] > silver arsenic sulphide
ruby silver1786
xanthocone1846
xanthoconite1868
pearceite1896
1846 J. E. Worcester Universal Dict. Eng. Lang. Xanthocon.
1868 H. Watts Dict. Chem. V. 1052 Xanthocone... A silver-ore from the Himmelfü rst mine, near Freiberg in Saxony.
xanthoconite n.
Brit. /zanˈθɒkənʌɪt/
,
U.S. /zænˈθɑkəˌnaɪt/
Mineralogy = xanthocone n.
ΘΚΠ
the world > the earth > minerals > types of mineral > sulphides and related minerals > sulpho-salts > [noun] > silver arsenic sulphide
ruby silver1786
xanthocone1846
xanthoconite1868
pearceite1896
1868 J. D. Dana Syst. Mineral. (ed. 5) 108 Xanthoconite... Color dull-red to clove-brown; crystals orange-yellow on the edges by transmitted light.
xanthocyanopsy n.
Brit. /ˌzanθə(ʊ)ˈsʌɪənɒpsi/
,
U.S. /ˌzænθəˈsaɪəˌnɑpsi/
= xanthocyanopy n.
ΘΚΠ
the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > disorders of eye > disordered vision > [noun] > colour blindness
Daltonism1841
xanthopsia1842
colour blindness1844
chromatopsia1848
achromatopsia1849
chromatometablepsy1849
chromatopseudopsy1849
acritochromacy1855
dichromatism1859
blue-blindness1868
green-blindness1868
red-blindness1868
chromatopsy1879
red vision1880
dyschromatopsia1890
xanthocyanopy1890
xanthocyanopsy1891
dichromacy1892
monochromatism1893
violet-blindness1894
monochromacy1900
deuteranopia1901
protanopia1902
tritanopia1915
deuteranomaly1932
protanomaly1932
tritanomaly1943
1891 Cent. Dict. Xanthocyanopsy.
xanthocyanopy n.
Brit. /ˌzanθə(ʊ)sʌɪˈanəpi/
,
U.S. /ˌzænθoʊˌsaɪˈænəpi/
,
/ˌzænθəˌsaɪˈænəpi/
(also xantho'kyanopy) [Greek κύανος blue + ὄψις, ὠπή sight] Pathology a form of colour-blindness in which yellow and blue are the only colours discerned.
ΘΚΠ
the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > disorders of eye > disordered vision > [noun] > colour blindness
Daltonism1841
xanthopsia1842
colour blindness1844
chromatopsia1848
achromatopsia1849
chromatometablepsy1849
chromatopseudopsy1849
acritochromacy1855
dichromatism1859
blue-blindness1868
green-blindness1868
red-blindness1868
chromatopsy1879
red vision1880
dyschromatopsia1890
xanthocyanopy1890
xanthocyanopsy1891
dichromacy1892
monochromatism1893
violet-blindness1894
monochromacy1900
deuteranopia1901
protanopia1902
tritanopia1915
deuteranomaly1932
protanomaly1932
tritanomaly1943
1890 J. S. Billings National Med. Dict. II Xanthokyanopy.
xanthoderm n.
Brit. /ˈzanθə(ʊ)dəːm/
,
U.S. /ˈzænθəˌdərm/
(also ˈXanthoderm) [Greek δέρμα skin] a person of Eastern Asian descent.
ΘΚΠ
the world > people > ethnicities > division of mankind by physical characteristics > Mongol > [noun]
Mogul1598
Mongol1613
Mogulian1672
yellow1775
Mongolian1823
yellowskin1847
Mongoloid1868
xanthoderm1924
1924 A. C. Haddon Races of Man (ed. 2) 13 Among the xanthoderms and melanoderms the irides are almost uniformly dark brown in colour.
1935 Jrnl. Royal Anthropol. Inst. 65 123 The three main divisions of mankind—Leukoderms (Caucasians), Xanthoderms (Mongolians) and Melanoderms (Western and Eastern Negroes)—did not prove to have a blood-group factor of their own.
1935 J. S. Huxley & A. C. Haddon We Europeans iv. 115 A broad and convenient classification of skin-colour is as follows: (1) Leucoderms, or white-skinned (Caucasian) peoples; (2) Xanthoderms, or yellow-skinned peoples; (3) Melanoderms, or black-skinned peoples.
1977 Scripta Medica L. 35 By and large, Melanoderms and Xanthoderms have either black or brown hair and there is not enough variation to be of practical interest.
xanthoderma n.
Brit. /ˌzanθə(ʊ)ˈdəːmə/
,
U.S. /ˌzænθəˈdərmə/
[modern Latin, < Greek δέρμα skin] Pathology yellowness of the skin.
ΘΚΠ
the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > disorders of visible parts > skin disorders > [noun] > disordered pigmentation
melasma1563
orange skin1822
melanopathia1847
xanthosis1853
xanthelasma1867
xanthochroia1867
xanthoderma1867
xanthopathia1867
xanthoma1869
argyria1874
chloasma1877
leucoderma1884
xeroderma pigmentosum1884
hyperchromatosis1886
melanodermia1886
leucodermia1888
hyperchromasia1889
hyperpigmentation1890
hypochromia1890
xanthochromia1894
xanthodermia1900
melanization1927
1867 E. Wilson Dis. Skin (ed. 6) 695 Xanthoderma represents the yellow complexion of certain of the races of mankind.
xanthodermia n.
Brit. /ˌzanθə(ʊ)ˈdəːmɪə/
,
U.S. /ˌzænθəˈdərmiə/
Pathology = xanthoderma n.
ΘΚΠ
the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > disorders of visible parts > skin disorders > [noun] > disordered pigmentation
melasma1563
orange skin1822
melanopathia1847
xanthosis1853
xanthelasma1867
xanthochroia1867
xanthoderma1867
xanthopathia1867
xanthoma1869
argyria1874
chloasma1877
leucoderma1884
xeroderma pigmentosum1884
hyperchromatosis1886
melanodermia1886
leucodermia1888
hyperchromasia1889
hyperpigmentation1890
hypochromia1890
xanthochromia1894
xanthodermia1900
melanization1927
1900 Lancet 11 Aug. 414/1 The mucous membranes were not coloured and the urine..never showed a trace of bile pigment. This was in favour of the diagnosis of xanthodermia.
xanthodont n.
Brit. /ˈzanθə(ʊ)dɒnt/
,
U.S. /ˈzænθəˌdɑnt/
Zoology
ΘΚΠ
the world > animals > animal body > general parts > head and neck > [adjective] > having teeth > having yellow teeth
xanthodontous1862
xanthodont1891
the world > animals > mammals > group Unguiculata or clawed mammal > order Rodentia or rodent > [adjective] > of or relating to rodents > having particular type of teeth
scalpriform1828
xanthodontous1862
xanthodont1891
1891 Cent. Dict. Xanthodont.
xanthodontous adj.
Brit. /ˌzanθə(ʊ)ˈdɒntəs/
,
U.S. /ˌzænθəˈdɑn(t)əs/
[ < Greek ὀδούς, ὀδοντ- tooth] Zoology having yellow teeth, as certain rodents.
ΘΚΠ
the world > animals > animal body > general parts > head and neck > [adjective] > having teeth > having yellow teeth
xanthodontous1862
xanthodont1891
the world > animals > mammals > group Unguiculata or clawed mammal > order Rodentia or rodent > [adjective] > of or relating to rodents > having particular type of teeth
scalpriform1828
xanthodontous1862
xanthodont1891
1862 R. G. Mayne Med. Vocab. (ed. 2) 436 Xanthodontous.
xanthometer n.
Brit. /zanˈθɒmᵻtə/
,
U.S. /zænˈθɑmədər/
[-meter comb. form2] an instrument for determining the colour of sea or lake water by comparison with a scale of different-coloured solutions.
ΘΚΠ
the world > matter > colour > science of colour > [noun] > instruments for determining colour
xanthometer1902
1902 Westm. Gaz. 8 Apr. 8/3 When the Queen visited the Antarctic exploration ship Discovery she was particularly interested in Forel's xanthometer.
xanthopathia n.
Brit. /ˌzanθə(ʊ)ˈpaθɪə/
,
U.S. /ˌzænθəˈpæθiə/
(also xanˈthopathy) [Greek -πάθεια -pathy comb. form] Pathology = xanthoderma n.
ΘΚΠ
the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > disorders of visible parts > skin disorders > [noun] > disordered pigmentation
melasma1563
orange skin1822
melanopathia1847
xanthosis1853
xanthelasma1867
xanthochroia1867
xanthoderma1867
xanthopathia1867
xanthoma1869
argyria1874
chloasma1877
leucoderma1884
xeroderma pigmentosum1884
hyperchromatosis1886
melanodermia1886
leucodermia1888
hyperchromasia1889
hyperpigmentation1890
hypochromia1890
xanthochromia1894
xanthodermia1900
melanization1927
1867 E. Wilson Dis. Skin (ed. 6) 695 Xanthopathia, or yellow discoloration of the skin, consists in the deposit in the cells of the rete mucosum of a yellow colouring principle.
xanthophore n.
Brit. /ˈzanθə(ʊ)fɔː/
,
U.S. /ˈzænθəˌfɔr/
[ < German xanthophor (R. Keller 1895, in Arch. f. Physiol. LXI. 148): see -phore comb. form] Zoology a cell (as in an animal's skin) containing a yellow pigment.
ΘΚΠ
the world > life > biology > substance > pigment > [noun] > human or animal pigments > yellow > cell containing
xanthophore1903
1903 Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts & Sci. 39 261 The two remaining types of pigment bodies in the chameleon, erythrophores and xanthophores, were not identified in Anolis.
1948 Special Publ. N.Y. Acad. Sci. 4 292 Fries..has obtained considerable evidence pointing to the conclusion that xanthophores are also doubly innervated and believes that neurohumors are involved.
1965 J. Lee & F. Knowles Animal Hormones x. 127 The hormone MSH [sc. melanocyte stimulating hormone] not only acts on the melanophores, but also on the xanthophores and erythrophores.
1974 D. Webster & M. Webster Compar. Vertebr. Morphol. viii. 173 Other chromatophores, called xanthophores, contain carotenoid and pteridine pigments and cause much of the yellow-to-red coloration.
xanthopsia n.
Brit. /zanˈθɒpsɪə/
,
U.S. /zænˈθɑpsiə/
(also ˈxanthopsy) [ < Greek ὄψις appearance, sight] Pathology an affection of the eyes in which objects appear yellow; yellow vision.
ΘΚΠ
the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > disorders of eye > disordered vision > [noun] > colour blindness
Daltonism1841
xanthopsia1842
colour blindness1844
chromatopsia1848
achromatopsia1849
chromatometablepsy1849
chromatopseudopsy1849
acritochromacy1855
dichromatism1859
blue-blindness1868
green-blindness1868
red-blindness1868
chromatopsy1879
red vision1880
dyschromatopsia1890
xanthocyanopy1890
xanthocyanopsy1891
dichromacy1892
monochromatism1893
violet-blindness1894
monochromacy1900
deuteranopia1901
protanopia1902
tritanopia1915
deuteranomaly1932
protanomaly1932
tritanomaly1943
1842 R. Dunglison Med. Lexicon (ed. 3) Xanthopsia, yellow vision,—as sometimes occurs in jaundice.
1875 H. C. Wood Treat. Therapeutics (1879) 603 A very curious symptom caused by zantonin..is xanthopsia.
xanthopterin n.
Brit. /zanˈθɒptərɪn/
,
U.S. /zænˈθɑptərən/
[ < German xanthopterin (Wieland & Schopf 1925, in Berichte der Deutsch. Chem. Ges. 58 2179): see pterin n.] Chemistry a yellow pterin present in the wings of some butterflies and moths and in the urine of mammals and forming leucopterin upon oxidation; 2-amino-4,6-dihydroxypterine, H2NC6HN4(OH)2.
ΘΚΠ
the world > matter > chemistry > organic chemistry > substances from animals or humans > [noun] > miscellaneous other substances
guanine1850
amyloid1872
chitosan1895
chondroitin1895
xanthopterin1926
lipocaic1936
xylulose1936
1926 Chem. Abstr. 20 902 The residue was rubbed up 4 times with H2O and centrifuged and the crude dirty yellow pasty pigment (xanthopterin (I)) extd. with 20‰ HCl and pptd. wth NaOAc.
1974 Encycl. Brit. Macropædia IV. 922/2 Xanthopterin occurs in human urine.
xanthorthite n.
Brit. /zanˈθɔːθʌɪt/
,
U.S. /zænˈθɔrˌθaɪt/
Mineralogy a yellow variety of orthite.
ΘΚΠ
the world > the earth > minerals > types of mineral > silicates > epidote group > [noun] > allanite
allanite1810
orthite1817
bucklandite1824
tautolite1828
xanthorthite1868
pumpellyite1925
1868 J. D. Dana Syst. Mineral. (ed. 5) 287 Xanthorthite, of Hermann,..is apparently an altered variety [of orthite].
xanthosiderite n.
Brit. /ˌzanθə(ʊ)ˈsɪdərʌɪt/
,
U.S. /ˌzænθəˈsɪdəˌraɪt/
[Greek σίδηρος iron] Mineralogy a native hydrated oxide of iron, occurring in needle-shaped or fibrous crystals, or as an ochre, of a yellow, brown, or reddish colour.
ΘΚΠ
the world > the earth > minerals > ore > [noun] > metal ore > iron ore > others
bloodstone1504
haematite1543
yellow share1590
keel1596
brush-ore1678
mush1686
brush-iron-ore1695
iron glance1792
specular iron (also iron ore)1796
steel-ore1796
oligistc1803
black band1811
old man1811
spathose iron-ore1823
pitticite1826
siderose1834
blink klip1835
pharmacosiderite1835
sphaerosiderite1837
fossil ore1846
jacutinga1846
vignite1846
siderite1848
junckerite1865
needle iron-ore1867
xanthosiderite1868
specularite1892
pitch ore1896
minette1902
taconite1905
1868 H. Watts Dict. Chem. V. 1054 Xanthosiderite. A hydrated ferric oxide.
xanthospermous adj.
Brit. /ˌzanθə(ʊ)ˈspəːməs/
,
U.S. /ˌzænθəˈspərməs/
[Greek σπέρμα seed] Botany having yellow seeds.
ΘΚΠ
the world > plants > part of plant > reproductive part(s) > seed > plant having seed > [adjective] > having particular size, colour, or texture
tick-seeded1786
xanthospermous1862
trachyspermous1891
1862 R. G. Mayne Med. Vocab. (ed. 2) 436/2 Xanthospermous.

Draft additions 1993

xanthogranulomatous adj.
Brit. /ˌzanθə(ʊ)ɡranjᵿˈləʊmətəs/
,
U.S. /ˌzænθoʊˌɡrænjəˈloʊmədəs/
,
/ˌzænθəˌɡrænjəˈloʊmədəs/
designating or pertaining to any yellow granulomatous tissue; spec. designating a rare form of pyelonephritis.
ΘΚΠ
the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > diseases of tissue > [adjective] > granulomatous tissue
xanthogranulomatous1955
1955 Amer. Jrnl. Clin. Path. 25 1049 Advanced pyelonephritis with xanthogranulomatous change and lithiasis was noted in 3 kidneys among 222 consecutive kidneys surgically removed for various inflammatory conditions.
1979 Jrnl. Compar. Pathol. 89 576 In none of the tissues examined in this study was there any reaction resembling xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1921; most recently modified version published online June 2022).
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