yelln.

Brit.

/jɛl/, U.S.

/jɛl/

Forms: Middle English ȝel, Middle English ȝell, Middle English ȝelle, Middle English yelle, Middle English– yell, 1500s–1600s yel; Scottish pre-1700 ȝell.

Origin: Formed within English, by conversion. Etymon: yell v.

Etymology: < yell v. Compare yoll v.With sense 1 compare the following isolated example of an apparently prefixed form (see y- prefix), in the same sense:c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1978) l. 8881 Þer wes moni reolic spel þer wes gumene iȝel.

a. A loud sharp cry uttered by a person to express a strong or sudden emotion, to attract attention, as a warning, etc.; a shout.Indian yell, rebel yell: see the first element.

ΘΠ

the world > physical sensation > hearing and noise > voice or vocal sound > cry or shout (loudness) > cry of emotion or pain > [noun] > yell or yelp

yerra1225

braya1300

yellc1300

yellinga1382

yarmc1400

yellocha1522

braying1547

yowt1554

yawping1576

yelping1632

yellowing1652

yawl1728

yelloching1773

yelp1775

gowl1805

youp1808

yawp1824

c1300 Body & Soul (Laud Misc. 108) (1889) 61 Wȝan it kam to þat wikke won, Þe fendes kasten suwilk a ȝel [a1450 Royal yelle]... Þe gost..kaste a cri.

c1440 (a1400) Awntyrs Arthure (Thornton) l. 86 Ȝollande ȝamyrly, withe many lowde ȝelle.

c1480 (a1400) St. Thomas Apostle 659 in W. M. Metcalfe Legends Saints Sc. Dial. (1896) I. 148 Þan al þe prestis gef a ȝell, as þai had bene fendis of hell.

1572 R. Sempill Lament. Commounis Scotl. (single sheet) Than cryit my bairnis with mony ȝout and ȝell.

a1616 W. Shakespeare Othello (1622) i. i. 75 Rod Ile call aloud. Ia. Doe with like timerous accent, and dire yell, As when by night and negligence, the fire Is spied in populous Citties.

1676 tr. G. Guillet de Saint-Georges Acct. Voy. Athens iv. 380 The Yells of the Turks advancing to the Assault.

1758 S. Johnson Idler 7 Oct. 209 The yell of inarticulate distress.

1764 T. Hutchinson Hist. Colony Massachusets-Bay, 1628–91 i. 78 The Indians within the fort began their tremendous yell.

1827 W. Scott Chron. Canongate 1st Ser. I. v. 93 Janet gave three skips on the floor, and uttered as many short shrill yells of joy.

1865 C. Gibbon Dead Heart xvii. 143 Yells of rage and horror as each den is ransacked.

1919 Boys' Life Oct. 17/1 With a yell of pain and fury he swung his repeating rifle up.

1956 Life 6 Aug. 65/2 He gave a yell of fright.

2004 S. Hall Electric Michelangelo 40 Terrance let out a yell so loud both brother and father thought he'd stepped on a Portuguese man o' war.

b. A loud cry or noise uttered by an animal.

ΘΚΠ

the world > animals > by noises > voice or sound made by animal > [noun] > roar or bellow

roara1393

yellc1440

lout?a1500

rout1513

bellow1779

trumpet1850

c1440 (a1400) Sir Eglamour (Thornton) (1965) l. 411 Þe bare he gaffe his dedis wound... Þe bare he herde gyff ȝellis.

a1500 (?a1400) Sir Torrent of Portyngale (1887) l. 1487 (MED) He herd in a valey A dynnyng and a yell..It were two dragons..Vppon theyre lay they sat and song.

1579 E. Spenser Shepheardes Cal. Aug. 178 As my cryes..You heare all night,..so let your yrksome yells augment.

1594 W. Shakespeare Venus & Adonis (new ed.) sig. Eiij Sometime he [sc. a hare] runnes..where earth-deluing Conies keepe, To stop the loud pursuers [sc. hounds] in their yell.

a1629 J. Speed Prospect most Famous Parts World (1646) 39/2 Their speech is boystrous, and clamorous: their noyse, in singing, like the yell of Wolves.

1697 J. Dryden tr. Virgil Æneis iii, in tr. Virgil Wks. 283 The loud yell of watry Wolves to hear.

1759 Hist. Portia II. i. 2 The hideous, discordant yell of cats and dogs.

1794 tr. Arabian Tales: Contin. Arabian Nights Entertainm. II. 221 Her fierce cries..were answered by her hungry cubs, from the hollow of their den, with horrid yells.

1860 J. Tyndall Glaciers of Alps i. iii. 26 Marmots..with yells of terror scattered themselves among the rocks.

1874 Chambers's Jrnl. 24 Jan. 62/1 The loud yells of the animals caused such discomfort, that the value of the adjoining property had deteriorated.

a1937 H. P. Lovecraft Beyond Wall of Sleep (1943) 85 It was the midnight yell of the cat.

1989 B. Heinrich Ravens in Winter 82 After fifteen minutes it flies off, not having uttered a single yell or a croak.

1998 Daily Mail (Nexis) 30 May 15 The countryside is full of acceptable, natural noises, of which the oriental yell of the peacock is not one.

†c. Clamour, noise, din, uproar. Obsolete.

ΘΠ

the world > physical sensation > hearing and noise > degree, kind, or quality of sound > loudness > [noun] > loud sound or noise

chirma800

dina1000

utas1202

noise?c1225

nurthc1225

dinninga1400

glama1400

glavera1400

reer?a1400

reirdc1400

dunch1440

steveningc1440

rebound1457

bruit?1473

alarm1489

yell1509

gild?a1513

shout?a1513

reveriea1522

routa1522

thundering1560

rumouringc1563

dinrie?1566

rear1567

fray1568

thunder-crack1595

thunder1600

fanfarea1605

fragor1605

clamour1606

thunder-clap1610

obstrepency1623

tonitruation1658

randana1661

clarion1667

leden1674

bluster1724

salvoa1734

ding1750

row1753

tonance1778

dunder1780

chang1788

blare1807

flare1815

detonation1830

trump1848

trumpeting1850

foghorn1875

yammer1932

1509 A. Barclay Brant's Shyp of Folys (Pynson) f. cxxx^v One woman chydynge makyth gretter yell Than sholde an hundreth pyes in one cage.

†2. A vehement or strongly expressed protest, statement of opinion, etc., in a newspaper or magazine. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

society > communication > journalism > journal > matter of or for journals > [noun] > other matter in journals

open letter1798

yell1827

court circular1841

magazine story1841

personal1860

pictorial1906

full spread1913

sidebar1937

lede1951

news peg1960

1827 T. Cooney Let. 25 Nov. in H. Clay Papers (1981) VI. 1315 Some wretched paragraph chiming in with the almost universal yell of the papers of this state, of ‘Bargain, barter & corruption’.

1836 Morning Chron. 16 July The remarkable contrast presented between the silence of The Times and The Standard on this occasion, and the yell these journals set up last year.

1887 Spectator 4 June 758/1 This, from the ‘United Irishman’, is of course a mere yell, not to be taken seriously.

1909 Indian Jrnl. (Eufaula, Okla.) 21 May The thousand and one acts of misgovernment as set up in the hireling yells of the republican newspapers.

3. U.S. An organized rhythmic cry or cheer, as shouted by supporters of a school or college sports team, typically consisting of a pattern of repeated words and syllables. Frequently in college yell. Now chiefly historical.

ΘΚΠ

society > communication > indication > that which identifies or distinguishes > word or cry > [noun] > slogan or catchword

slogan1704

catchword1715

nayword1828

catchphrase1834

catchline1842

catchcry1843

yell1867

watch-cry1882

buzzword1946

in word1964

1867 Columbian Weekly Reg. (New Haven, Connecticut) 27 July Those who were quartered here..could form no idea of the general comforts of the place, on account of the ‘heathens’ that made the days and nights hideous with their college yells.

1874 Sun (N.Y.) 19 July 4/6 You see the whole crowd leaning forward..yelling all the college yells at once... ‘Hurrah! hurrah!! hurrah!!! C-O-L-U-M-B-I-A-A-A-A!!!!’

1890 St. Nicholas Aug. 837/2 The young men..are giving the mountain calls or ‘yells’—cries adopted according to the well-known college custom.

1909 N.Y. Times 11 Apr. iv. 1/3 He..ran into home with the one tally without so much as a single, well-defined Yale yell to encourage him.

1962 Alcalde (Univ. Texas) May 19/2 Billy Melton of Dallas will lead the yells as head cheerleader.

2002 W. K. Stratton Backyard Brawl (2003) i. 25 When it comes time to deliver the yells, they assume a position called ‘humping it’, which involves leaning forward and placing your hands on your knees and shouting directly toward the field.

2016 E. Showalter Civil Wars of Julia Ward Howe xi. 237 The students gave her the college yell twice.

4. colloquial. A person who or thing which is very amusing. Cf. scream n. c. Now rare.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > emotion > pleasure > laughter > causing laughter > [noun] > one who or that which is comical

comedy1535

toy1542

jest1602

joke1670

comic1674

high comedy1707

humorous1753

comicality1796

funny1852

funniosity1871

hot sketch1917

pisser1918

riot1919

panic1921

cocasserie1934

yell1938

mess1952

crack-up1961

1926 E. Hemingway Sun also Rises xvi. 179 ‘Bill's a yell of laughter,’ Mike said.]

1938 N. Marsh Artists in Crime xv. 238 ‘Well, of course!’ exclaimed Miss O'Dawne, greatly diverted. ‘Aren't you a yell!’

1949 E. Coxhead Wind in West ii. 32 All these doctors and their ecologists—what a yell.

1970 N. Marsh When in Rome v. 127 Wouldn't it be a yell if..you were The Man?

Phrases

colloquial. to give (a person) a yell: to call for (a person's) attention; to alert or notify; (in extended use) to contact (a person), to get in touch with. Cf. to give (a person) a shout at shout n.² Additions a.

ΚΠ

1941 Amer. Boy Feb. 30/4 When I give you a yell, light the fuses and cut the cord.

1997 D. Hansen Sole Survivor iii. 33 Would've given you a yell, but by the time you got there the sea lice and crabs would've ruined them.

2006 T. Strasser Sidewayz Glory ix. 68 Tito..left a message: ‘Hey, Raoul, it's Cousin Tito. Got a favor to ask. Give me a yell, okay?’

Compounds

yell leader n. U.S. a person who encourages and directs a crowd in performing yells (sense 3) in support of a sports team, esp. one appointed to do so; cf. cheerleader n. 2.Chiefly in the context of U.S. college sport, esp. American football.

ΚΠ

1892 Indiana Student Oct. 23/1 There is some talk of revising the college yell and having a yell leader.

1925 Woman's World (Chicago) Apr. 12/1 A thousand throats, at a signal from the gyrating yell-leader burst into chorus.

1990 St. Louis (Missouri) Post-Dispatch (Nexis) 29 Jan. 4 Fischer..also enjoys golf—he's a three-time All-Suburban North Conference performer—and is a yell leader at Pattonville [High School].

2011 Insider's Guide to Colleges (Yale Daily News) (ed. 37) 814/2 At Texas A&M, yell leaders lead the students instead of cheerleaders at the football games.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, January 2018; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

yellv.

Brit.

/jɛl/, U.S.

/jɛl/

Forms: 1. Present stem early Old English gilleð (3rd singular indicative), Old English gellan, Old English giellan, Old English gyllan, Middle English ȝell, Middle English ȝelle, Middle English yhelle (northern), Middle English–1600s yel, Middle English–1600s yelle, Middle English– yell; also Scottish pre-1700 ȝel, pre-1700 ȝele, pre-1700 ȝell, pre-1700 ȝhell, pre-1700 yell, pre-1700 yhell. 2. Past tense. a. Strong. (i). Originally 1st and 3rd singular indicative. Old English geal (in prefixed forms), early Middle English yal (south-west midlands), Middle English ȝal. (ii). Plural. Old English gullon, early Middle English gollen (south-west midlands), early Middle English gullen (south-west midlands), early Middle English ȝollen (south-western), early Middle English ȝulle (south-western), Middle English ȝolle (south-western). b. Weak. Middle English ȝeld, Middle English ȝeled, Middle English ȝelled, Middle English ȝellede, Middle English ȝellide, Middle English yellede, Middle English yellid, Middle English yellyd, Middle English– yelled, 1500s yeald, 1500s yeld. 3. Past participle. 1500s– yelled; also Scottish pre-1700 ȝeld, pre-1700 ȝellit, pre-1700 ȝellyt. See also yoll v.

Origin: A word inherited from Germanic.

Etymology: Cognate with Middle Dutch gellen (Dutch gillen ), Old Saxon gellan (in isolated attestation as 3rd singular present indicative gillit in a glossary showing Old English influence; Middle Low German gellen (also gillen )), Old High German gellan (Middle High German gellen , German gellen ), Old Icelandic gjalla , Norwegian (Nynorsk and Bokmål) gjalle , (regional) gjella , Old Swedish gælla (Swedish gälla , now archaic), Old Danish gælde (Danish gjalde , now regional or archaic), all originally strong verbs, apparently < the same Germanic base as Old English galan to sing, to recite, (also) to cry out (see gale v.¹); further etymology unknown, perhaps of imitative origin. Compare also (from the same Germanic base) Old Saxon gellon to bark, Old High German gellōn to growl, to groan, Old Icelandic gella (of an animal) to utter a loud cry, all weak verbs.Germanic cognates. The origin of the stem-final geminate -ll- in the Germanic base is unclear. Assimilation of an earlier n -extension is sometimes suggested, but there are no Germanic or Indo-European parallels to support this hypothesis, and expressive gemination (or assimilation of an s -extension) is equally possible. With use of the verb in Germanic to refer to the cry of animals compare nouns derived from the base of gale v.¹, as Old English -gale in nihtegale nightgale n. and Germanic parallels cited at that entry, and Old Icelandic -gal in hanagal cockcrow. With use with reference to loud or strident sound compare (with m -suffix) Middle Dutch galm (Dutch galm ), Old Saxon galm (Middle Low German galm ), Old High German galm (Middle High German galm , German Galm ), all in sense ‘noise, resonating sound or call, reverberation, echo’; it has been suggested on semantic grounds that this formation may be from the Germanic base of yell v. rather than gale v.¹ Form history. In Old English a strong verb of Class III (as in other older Germanic languages). Strong forms survive into Middle English. Unlike the present stem and past tense singular, the strong past tense plural did not undergo palatalization of the initial consonant before a front vowel and therefore still sometimes shows a stop in early Middle English; compare gullen at Forms 2a(i). For Middle English forms with stem vowel o or (more rarely) u in the present stem (and weak past tense forms) see yoll v. In early Middle English a possible source of these is as the reflex of Old English eo by back mutation of e before back vowels of the inflectional ending (rare with intervening geminate), with sporadic shift of stress within the diphthong to its second element. However, compare also the stem vowel of the strong past tense plural. Given the meaning of the verb, alteration for expressive or imitative reasons is also a possibility. Compare also yowl v., yawl v.¹ Prefixed form in Old English. In Old English the prefixed form begiellan (of a bird) to cry out against or in answer to (compare be- prefix) is also attested. Related verb in Old English. There is some scanty evidence for an apparently related Old English weak verb gyllan , gylian to yell, roar, to chatter, prattle:OE Judith 25 Ða wearð Holofernus..on gytesalum, hloh ond hlydde, hlynede ond dynede, þæt mihten fira bearn feorran gehyran hu se stiðmoda styrmde ond gylede, modig ond medugal.OE Glosses to Colloquies of Ælfric Bata (St. John's Oxf. 154) in A. S. Napier Old Eng. Glosses (1900) 225/1 [Tam] garruli [tamque uerbosi estis] : gyli[ende].OE Glosses to Colloquies of Ælfric Bata (St. John's Oxf. 154) in A. S. Napier Old Eng. Glosses (1900) 225/1 Garrulitas : gy[lung]. Garrula uerbositas : gy[liende] maðe[lung]. The past tense form gylede ‘uttered a loud cry (in drunken revelry)’ (compare sense 3a) has the appearance of the past tense of an otherwise unattested weak Class I verb gyllan . However, the (heavily abbreviated) glosses to the Colloquies of Ælfric Bata suggest a weak Class II verb gylian , although this in turn could well represent a secondary formation formed on an original Class I verb. The underlying ablaut grade of the base of the stem vowel (late West Saxon y ) is uncertain (o -grade or zero-grade is perhaps most likely), as also is the relationship, if any, with the attested (e -grade) weak verb in other Germanic languages. It is therefore difficult to determine how relevant these rare Old English forms are to the later history of yell v.

1. intransitive. Of an animal: to utter a loud cry or noise, esp. as an expression of fear, pain, or distress.

ΘΚΠ

the world > animals > by noises > voice or sound made by animal > make sound [verb (intransitive)] > roar or bellow

roarOE

bellOE

yellOE

romya1325

droun1340

bellow1486

shouta1500

whurl1530

rout1554

fream1575

brill1863

OE Riddle 24 3 Ic eom wunderlicu wiht, wræsne mine stefne,..hwilum græde swa gos, hwilum gielle swa hafoc.

OE Battle of Finnsburh (transcript of lost MS) 6 Fugelas singað, gylleð græghama, guðwudu hlynneð.

c1275 (?c1250) Owl & Nightingale (Calig.) (1935) l. 112 Þe faucun was wroþ wit his bridde & lude ȝal & sterne chidde.

c1330 (?c1300) Guy of Warwick (Auch.) l. 7285 Ded he fel to grounde þo. He [sc. the dragon] grad & ȝelled [c1475 Caius yelled] swiþe loude, Þat it schilled into þe cloude.

c1400 (?c1390) Sir Gawain & Green Knight (1940) l. 1453 He hurteȝ of þe houndeȝ, & þay Ful ȝomerly ȝaule & ȝelle.

a1500 (c1425) Andrew of Wyntoun Oryg. Cron. Scotl. (Nero) iv. l. 2116 Alkyn best..ȝhellande ran as þai war wode Til woddis and til wildirnes.

1560 Bible (Geneva) Jer. ii. 15 The lyons roared vpon him & yelled.

1598 W. Shakespeare Love's Labour's Lost iv. ii. 59 The Dogges did yell .

1609 Spenser's Faerie Queene (new ed.) i. xi. sig. E3^v The cruell wound enraged him so sore, That loud he [sc. the dragon] yelled for exceeding paine.

1683 R. Dixon Canidia iv. iii. 16 If you would see the Face of Hell, And hear the Pack of Hell-Hounds yell.

1731 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 37 90 He [sc. a dog] foamed at the Mouth, yelled frequently, and breathed with more Difficulty than any of the rest.

1768 A. Dour tr. 'Inayat Allah Tales I. i. 10 The hounds, with drooping tails, yelled as they fled from danger.

1810 W. Scott Lady of Lake i. 6 Yelled on the view the opening pack,..An hundred dogs bayed deep and strong.

1863 W. C. Baldwin Afr. Hunting ix. 408 Innumerable hyenas,..fighting, running, and yelling like demons.

1905 Penny Illustr. Paper 14 Oct. 228/5 He rolled downhill, the hounds yelling in excitement as they closed in on him.

1960 Times 4 June 8/7 The cats yelled furiously below.

2000 J. Stranger Cherished Freedom 52 I heard the animals yelling and wondered what was wrong.

†a. intransitive. Of an inanimate object: to make a strident, grating, or crashing noise. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > physical sensation > hearing and noise > degree, kind, or quality of sound > unpleasant quality > shrill quality > sound shrill [verb (intransitive)] > make shrill sound

yellOE

pipec1275

treblec1425

shrillc1440

squail1526

squeal1600

skirl1827

blat1846

whine1874

whit1899

zing1899

whee1960

OE Andreas (1932) 127 Guðsearo gullon, garas hrysedon.

OE Riddle 22 4 Ic seah searo hweorfan, grindan wið greote, giellende faran.

c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1963) l. 4885 Helmes þer gullen [c1300 Otho ȝollen].

c1330 (c1250) Floris & Blauncheflur (Auch.) (1966) l. 302 (MED) Þe water wille ȝelle als hit ware wode, And bicome on hire so red so blod.

b. intransitive. Of the wind, a storm, etc.: to blow noisily or violently; to howl.

ΘΚΠ

the world > physical sensation > hearing and noise > degree, kind, or quality of sound > unpleasant quality > mournful or plaintive sound > mournful or plaintive [verb (intransitive)] > howl, wail, or whine

yella1470

hurl1530

howl1687

gowl1724

twine1805

whine1874

bloop1926

a1470 T. Malory Morte Darthur (Winch. Coll. 13) (1990) II. 919 So she wente with the wynde, rorynge and yellynge, that hit semed alle the water brente after her.

1561 B. Googe tr. ‘M. Palingenius’ Zodiake of Life (new ed.) v. sig. Miii^v Black storms he sends with thondres rore he makes the skies to yel.

1747 W. Collins Odes 38 Winter yelling thro' the troublous Air, Affrights thy shrinking Train.

1839 H. Cook Adrian iii. 76 Loud, rending, stunning, the relentless storm Yelled, dreadly clad in misery's darkest form.

1875 C. W. Mason Rape of Gamp 137/2 The wind yelled and shrieked through the rigging.

1901 Forest & Stream 28 Dec. 515/3 The gale yells aloft, and the watch on deck clutch the shearpoles as she fills to the rail and the main deck vanishes under three hundred tons of furious brine.

1987 Advertiser (Adelaide) (Nexis) 31 Jan. The wind yelled like a fiend over bleak Bodmin Moor.

†c. intransitive. Of sound or music: to resound. Obsolete. rare.

ΘΚΠ

the world > physical sensation > hearing and noise > degree, kind, or quality of sound > resonance or sonority > resound [verb (intransitive)] > of sound

ringc1400

resounda1547

yell1606

1606 Wily Beguilde 41 Let warbling Ecchoes ring, And sounding musicke yell Through hils, through dales.

a. intransitive. Of a person: to utter a loud strident cry in order to express a strong or sudden emotion, to attract attention, as a warning, etc.; to shout. Sometimes with out. Also figurative.

ΘΚΠ

the world > physical sensation > hearing and noise > voice or vocal sound > cry or shout (loudness) > cry of emotion or pain > [verb (intransitive)] > yell or yelp

yerrOE

yarmc1000

yellc1225

yawpc1400

yammer1513

outyell1562

yelloch1773

c1225 (?c1200) St. Katherine (Bodl.) (1981) l. 733 Þear me mahte iheren þe heaðene hundes ȝellen ant ȝeien ant ȝuren.

c1325 (c1300) Chron. Robert of Gloucester (Calig.) l. 4239 So grisliche ȝal [a1425 Pepys ȝelled, a1450 London Univ. ȝolled] þat ssrewe þo.

c1405 (c1390) G. Chaucer Nun's Priest's Tale (Hengwrt) (2003) l. 569 They yelleden as fendes doon in helle.

c1440 in C. Horstmann Yorkshire Writers (1895) I. 42 He..went thurgh þe cete..wepand and ȝelland als a pure wreche, als he þat was will of herbery þat nyghte.

a1529 J. Skelton Tunnyng of Elynour Rummyng in Certayne Bks. (?1545) 500 She yelled lyke a calfe.

1553 T. Wilson Arte of Rhetorique iii. f. 92 Women are saide to chatter, churles to grunt, boyes to whine, & yonge men to yel.

?1578 W. Patten Let. Entertainm. Killingwoorth 54 Knights stampt, Squiers startld az steeds in a stoour Yeemen & Pagez yeald oout in the hall.

1602 J. Marston Antonios Reuenge v. v. sig. K3 Murder for murder, blood for blood doth yell.

1641 Contin. Hist. Forreine Martyrs 32/2 Fryer Iohn Campone..yelled out like a mad man.

1671 J. Milton Paradise Regain'd iv. 420 Infernal Ghosts, and Hellish Furies, round Environ'd thee, some howl'd, some yell'd, some shriek'd.

1719 D. Defoe Life Robinson Crusoe 278 So many were wounded, that they run about yelling, and skreaming, like mad Creatures.

1786 Amusements in High Life i. 9 His rump, which first touched the ground, received a severe shock, from the pain of which he yelled most piteously.

1831 Age 8 May 149/1 We see them..yelling for joy at the prospect of their hellish project arriving at its completion.

1878 Dwight's Jrnl. Music 27 Apr. 221/1 Don't let them howl! There is no more singing nowadays; singers only yell.

1898 Cosmopolitan Oct. 612/1 Almost within earshot the Apaches are yelling and dancing around their fires.

1914 St. Nicholas Apr. 515/1 The crowd yelled like mad.

1958 L. Golding Little Old Admiral iii. 63 Someone yells out inside the car.

2000 S. Vickers Miss Garnet's Angel 261 She created a scene about it when she was six. I still remember her yelling and screaming like they were murdering her or something.

b. intransitive. To address a person angrily; to tell off. Frequently with at.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > attention and judgement > contempt > disapproval > rebuke or reproof > rebuke or reprove [verb (intransitive)]

reprovec1330

sniba1400

reprehend?a1439

expostulate1574

to rap (a person) on the knuckles (also fingers)1584

give it1594

reprimand1681

to pin a person's ears back1861

yell1886

to jump down a person's throat1916

to chew (a person's) ass1946

to slap (a person) down1960

1886 Punch 10 July 24/1 I mayn't approve their style, But if young men will yell at me—I smile!

a1927 D. Hammett One Hour in Nightmare Town (1999) 254 I've been here eight years, and this is the first time we ever fell down on an order—and every damned customer is yelling his head off.

1979 W. R. Nay Multimethod Clin. Assessm. ii. iii. 66 My wife..always yelling about something. Money. Why don't you have more of it? Why can't we buy this?

2006 Chicago Tribune (Midwest ed.) 25 Sept. i. 16/5 Can anyone imagine an entire season going by when not one parent yells at the official, opposing players or coaches?

†4. transitive and intransitive. To sing or chant (something) loudly. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > the arts > music > performing music > singing > sing [verb (intransitive)] > sing loudly or harshly

screama1200

yella1387

yelp?c1450

outshrilla1876

a1387 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden Polychron. (St. John's Cambr.) (1872) IV. 395 Nero..gan to ȝelle [c1400 Tiber. ȝolle] and songe þe gestes of Troye.

Remonstr. against Romish Corruptions (Titus) (1851) 18 What wisdom is this to hiren hem so dere to yellen in chirchis and abbeies.

1577 G. Whetstone Remembraunce Gaskoigne sig. A.iv^v The Nightingale,..When she might mourn, her sweetest layes doth yel.

5. transitive. To utter (something) with a shout or yell; to utter loudly; to shout out. Frequently with direct speech as object. Also figurative.

ΘΚΠ

the world > physical sensation > hearing and noise > voice or vocal sound > cry or shout (loudness) > cry of emotion or pain > [verb (transitive)] > yell

yellc1390

yelp1654

c1390 Vision St. Paul (Vernon) in C. Horstmann Minor Poems Vernon MS (1892) i. 258 (MED) Þei ȝelleden wiþ lodly cry: ‘Poul, Michael, on vs ha merci!’

a1425 (?a1350) Gospel of Nicodemus (BL Add. 32578) (1907) l. 1796 Howe þai lay in droupand drede And non so ȝhepe a worde to ȝelle.

a1450 (?a1390) J. Mirk Festial (Claud.) (2009) 7 Þey þat ben dampned to helle Ste[n]ton neuer to crye and ȝelle. Woe ys hym þat þydur schall gg [read go].

?1556 E. P. in tr. T. Cranmer Confut. Verities Pref. sig. A.vi These, and suche other false and fained doctrines..are now blowen out, blustered and yelled forth in euery pulpit.

a1616 W. Shakespeare Macbeth (1623) iv. iii. 7 It [sc. heaven] resounds As if it felt with Scotland, and yell'd out Like Syllable of Dolour.

1683 N. Crouch Surprizing Miracles Nature & Art 127 A Woman..with a doleful voice from eleven to twelve a Clock at night yelled out these terrible Words.

1700 T. Brown Amusem. Serious & Comical iii. 21 Another Son of a Whore yells [1702: yelps] louder than Homer's Stentor, Two a Groat.

1781 Monthly Rev. Aug. 112 He has yelled out many syllables of senseless dolour.

1854 C. M. Yonge Cameos xxxi, in Monthly Packet Nov. 327 Otho..fled.., hunted by the students, all yelling abuse.

1888 Texas Siftings 7 Jan. 10/3 One boy yelled out: ‘Go it, Shorty!’

1916 Boys' Life May 7/3 They shrieked with laughter and yelled encouragement.

1950 Recreation Nov. 319/1 They are not satisfied with calling one figure, or even four, but yell out twelve.

2016 H. Bourne How Hard can Love Be? viii. 88 ‘I miss you guys so much!’ I yelled, jumping in my chair.

†6. transitive. To stick out (the tongue) while yelling. Obsolete. rare.

ΘΚΠ

the world > space > relative position > posture > position of specific body parts > position specific body part [verb (transitive)] > head, face, or eyes > tongue

latcha1225

yellc1500

lill1530

lolla1616

c1500 Lyfe Roberte Deuyll 229 in W. C. Hazlitt Remains Early Pop. Poetry Eng. (1864) I. 228 Behynde them woulde he steale, And geue them a sowce..To cause some to yell out theyr tongues longe.

7. transitive. To urge on by yelling.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > will > motivation > motivate [verb (transitive)] > incite or instigate > urge on or incite > vocally

to cheer on1577

word1602

halloo1606

loo1667

chirrup1785

hark on1813

yell1851

hark forward1865

the world > physical sensation > hearing and noise > voice or vocal sound > cry or shout (loudness) > cry of emotion or pain > [verb (transitive)] > yell > urge on

yell1851

1851 New Monthly Mag. May 69 To fill the bosoms of the poor and the working classes.., and to yell them on to destruction.

1868 G. Meredith in Macmillan's Mag. Feb. 363 They raced; their brothers yelled them on.

1943 W. Stegner Big Rock Candy Mountain 202 His father in a strangling rage, yelling him on, his lips back over his teeth and his face purple.

1985 A. L. McGinnis Bringing Out Best in People v. 75 At times you yell them on and persuade them to run one more lap.

2008 A. Briggs tr. L. Tolstoy Three Deaths i, in A. Briggs et al. tr. L. Tolstoy Death of Ivan Ilyich & Other Stories 74 The coach driver drove his four big, sweating horses, yelling them on.

Derivatives

ˈyeller n. a person who or (occasionally) animal which yells.

ΘΚΠ

the world > physical sensation > hearing and noise > voice or vocal sound > cry or shout (loudness) > cry of emotion or pain > [noun] > yell or yelp > person

yeller1619

yawper1678

1619 T. Doughty Practise how to finde Ease II. xxiii. 404 I had beene an vnsauourie yeller forth of infectious Doctrine.

1776 St. James's Chron. 17 Aug. They carry it to the Grave with some Thousand Yellers following and preceding it.

1823 New Monthly Mag. 8 499 Some dozen yappers and yellers of all shapes and breeds.

1900 Lancet 3 Mar. 637/2 To prosecute a newspaper yeller for obtaining money under false pretences.

2013 N.Y. Times (Nexis) 31 Mar. Some of their parents were yellers, and some of their parents were brooders.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, January 2018; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

单词	yell
释义	yelln. Brit. /jɛl/, U.S. /jɛl/ Forms: Middle English ȝel, Middle English ȝell, Middle English ȝelle, Middle English yelle, Middle English– yell, 1500s–1600s yel; Scottish pre-1700 ȝell. Origin: Formed within English, by conversion. Etymon: yell v. Etymology: < yell v. Compare yoll v.With sense 1 compare the following isolated example of an apparently prefixed form (see y- prefix), in the same sense:c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1978) l. 8881 Þer wes moni reolic spel þer wes gumene iȝel. 1. a. A loud sharp cry uttered by a person to express a strong or sudden emotion, to attract attention, as a warning, etc.; a shout.Indian yell, rebel yell: see the first element. ΘΠ the world > physical sensation > hearing and noise > voice or vocal sound > cry or shout (loudness) > cry of emotion or pain > [noun] > yell or yelp yerra1225 braya1300 yellc1300 yellinga1382 yarmc1400 yellocha1522 braying1547 yowt1554 yawping1576 yelping1632 yellowing1652 yawl1728 yelloching1773 yelp1775 gowl1805 youp1808 yawp1824 c1300 Body & Soul (Laud Misc. 108) (1889) 61 Wȝan it kam to þat wikke won, Þe fendes kasten suwilk a ȝel [a1450 Royal yelle]... Þe gost..kaste a cri. c1440 (a1400) Awntyrs Arthure (Thornton) l. 86 Ȝollande ȝamyrly, withe many lowde ȝelle. c1480 (a1400) St. Thomas Apostle 659 in W. M. Metcalfe Legends Saints Sc. Dial. (1896) I. 148 Þan al þe prestis gef a ȝell, as þai had bene fendis of hell. 1572 R. Sempill Lament. Commounis Scotl. (single sheet) Than cryit my bairnis with mony ȝout and ȝell. a1616 W. Shakespeare Othello (1622) i. i. 75 Rod Ile call aloud. Ia. Doe with like timerous accent, and dire yell, As when by night and negligence, the fire Is spied in populous Citties. View more context for this quotation 1676 tr. G. Guillet de Saint-Georges Acct. Voy. Athens iv. 380 The Yells of the Turks advancing to the Assault. 1758 S. Johnson Idler 7 Oct. 209 The yell of inarticulate distress. 1764 T. Hutchinson Hist. Colony Massachusets-Bay, 1628–91 i. 78 The Indians within the fort began their tremendous yell. 1827 W. Scott Chron. Canongate 1st Ser. I. v. 93 Janet gave three skips on the floor, and uttered as many short shrill yells of joy. 1865 C. Gibbon Dead Heart xvii. 143 Yells of rage and horror as each den is ransacked. 1919 Boys' Life Oct. 17/1 With a yell of pain and fury he swung his repeating rifle up. 1956 Life 6 Aug. 65/2 He gave a yell of fright. 2004 S. Hall Electric Michelangelo 40 Terrance let out a yell so loud both brother and father thought he'd stepped on a Portuguese man o' war. b. A loud cry or noise uttered by an animal. ΘΚΠ the world > animals > by noises > voice or sound made by animal > [noun] > roar or bellow roara1393 yellc1440 lout?a1500 rout1513 bellow1779 trumpet1850 c1440 (a1400) Sir Eglamour (Thornton) (1965) l. 411 Þe bare he gaffe his dedis wound... Þe bare he herde gyff ȝellis. a1500 (?a1400) Sir Torrent of Portyngale (1887) l. 1487 (MED) He herd in a valey A dynnyng and a yell..It were two dragons..Vppon theyre lay they sat and song. 1579 E. Spenser Shepheardes Cal. Aug. 178 As my cryes..You heare all night,..so let your yrksome yells augment. 1594 W. Shakespeare Venus & Adonis (new ed.) sig. Eiij Sometime he [sc. a hare] runnes..where earth-deluing Conies keepe, To stop the loud pursuers [sc. hounds] in their yell. a1629 J. Speed Prospect most Famous Parts World (1646) 39/2 Their speech is boystrous, and clamorous: their noyse, in singing, like the yell of Wolves. 1697 J. Dryden tr. Virgil Æneis iii, in tr. Virgil Wks. 283 The loud yell of watry Wolves to hear. 1759 Hist. Portia II. i. 2 The hideous, discordant yell of cats and dogs. 1794 tr. Arabian Tales: Contin. Arabian Nights Entertainm. II. 221 Her fierce cries..were answered by her hungry cubs, from the hollow of their den, with horrid yells. 1860 J. Tyndall Glaciers of Alps i. iii. 26 Marmots..with yells of terror scattered themselves among the rocks. 1874 Chambers's Jrnl. 24 Jan. 62/1 The loud yells of the animals caused such discomfort, that the value of the adjoining property had deteriorated. a1937 H. P. Lovecraft Beyond Wall of Sleep (1943) 85 It was the midnight yell of the cat. 1989 B. Heinrich Ravens in Winter 82 After fifteen minutes it flies off, not having uttered a single yell or a croak. 1998 Daily Mail (Nexis) 30 May 15 The countryside is full of acceptable, natural noises, of which the oriental yell of the peacock is not one. †c. Clamour, noise, din, uproar. Obsolete. ΘΠ the world > physical sensation > hearing and noise > degree, kind, or quality of sound > loudness > [noun] > loud sound or noise chirma800 dina1000 utas1202 noise?c1225 nurthc1225 dinninga1400 glama1400 glavera1400 reer?a1400 reirdc1400 dunch1440 steveningc1440 rebound1457 bruit?1473 alarm1489 yell1509 gild?a1513 shout?a1513 reveriea1522 routa1522 thundering1560 rumouringc1563 dinrie?1566 rear1567 fray1568 thunder-crack1595 thunder1600 fanfarea1605 fragor1605 clamour1606 thunder-clap1610 obstrepency1623 tonitruation1658 randana1661 clarion1667 leden1674 bluster1724 salvoa1734 ding1750 row1753 tonance1778 dunder1780 chang1788 blare1807 flare1815 detonation1830 trump1848 trumpeting1850 foghorn1875 yammer1932 1509 A. Barclay Brant's Shyp of Folys (Pynson) f. cxxx^v One woman chydynge makyth gretter yell Than sholde an hundreth pyes in one cage. †2. A vehement or strongly expressed protest, statement of opinion, etc., in a newspaper or magazine. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ society > communication > journalism > journal > matter of or for journals > [noun] > other matter in journals open letter1798 yell1827 court circular1841 magazine story1841 personal1860 pictorial1906 full spread1913 sidebar1937 lede1951 news peg1960 1827 T. Cooney Let. 25 Nov. in H. Clay Papers (1981) VI. 1315 Some wretched paragraph chiming in with the almost universal yell of the papers of this state, of ‘Bargain, barter & corruption’. 1836 Morning Chron. 16 July The remarkable contrast presented between the silence of The Times and The Standard on this occasion, and the yell these journals set up last year. 1887 Spectator 4 June 758/1 This, from the ‘United Irishman’, is of course a mere yell, not to be taken seriously. 1909 Indian Jrnl. (Eufaula, Okla.) 21 May The thousand and one acts of misgovernment as set up in the hireling yells of the republican newspapers. 3. U.S. An organized rhythmic cry or cheer, as shouted by supporters of a school or college sports team, typically consisting of a pattern of repeated words and syllables. Frequently in college yell. Now chiefly historical. ΘΚΠ society > communication > indication > that which identifies or distinguishes > word or cry > [noun] > slogan or catchword slogan1704 catchword1715 nayword1828 catchphrase1834 catchline1842 catchcry1843 yell1867 watch-cry1882 buzzword1946 in word1964 1867 Columbian Weekly Reg. (New Haven, Connecticut) 27 July Those who were quartered here..could form no idea of the general comforts of the place, on account of the ‘heathens’ that made the days and nights hideous with their college yells. 1874 Sun (N.Y.) 19 July 4/6 You see the whole crowd leaning forward..yelling all the college yells at once... ‘Hurrah! hurrah!! hurrah!!! C-O-L-U-M-B-I-A-A-A-A!!!!’ 1890 St. Nicholas Aug. 837/2 The young men..are giving the mountain calls or ‘yells’—cries adopted according to the well-known college custom. 1909 N.Y. Times 11 Apr. iv. 1/3 He..ran into home with the one tally without so much as a single, well-defined Yale yell to encourage him. 1962 Alcalde (Univ. Texas) May 19/2 Billy Melton of Dallas will lead the yells as head cheerleader. 2002 W. K. Stratton Backyard Brawl (2003) i. 25 When it comes time to deliver the yells, they assume a position called ‘humping it’, which involves leaning forward and placing your hands on your knees and shouting directly toward the field. 2016 E. Showalter Civil Wars of Julia Ward Howe xi. 237 The students gave her the college yell twice. 4. colloquial. A person who or thing which is very amusing. Cf. scream n. c. Now rare. ΘΚΠ the mind > emotion > pleasure > laughter > causing laughter > [noun] > one who or that which is comical comedy1535 toy1542 jest1602 joke1670 comic1674 high comedy1707 humorous1753 comicality1796 funny1852 funniosity1871 hot sketch1917 pisser1918 riot1919 panic1921 cocasserie1934 yell1938 mess1952 crack-up1961 1926 E. Hemingway Sun also Rises xvi. 179 ‘Bill's a yell of laughter,’ Mike said.] 1938 N. Marsh Artists in Crime xv. 238 ‘Well, of course!’ exclaimed Miss O'Dawne, greatly diverted. ‘Aren't you a yell!’ 1949 E. Coxhead Wind in West ii. 32 All these doctors and their ecologists—what a yell. 1970 N. Marsh When in Rome v. 127 Wouldn't it be a yell if..you were The Man? Phrases colloquial. to give (a person) a yell: to call for (a person's) attention; to alert or notify; (in extended use) to contact (a person), to get in touch with. Cf. to give (a person) a shout at shout n.² Additions a. ΚΠ 1941 Amer. Boy Feb. 30/4 When I give you a yell, light the fuses and cut the cord. 1997 D. Hansen Sole Survivor iii. 33 Would've given you a yell, but by the time you got there the sea lice and crabs would've ruined them. 2006 T. Strasser Sidewayz Glory ix. 68 Tito..left a message: ‘Hey, Raoul, it's Cousin Tito. Got a favor to ask. Give me a yell, okay?’ Compounds yell leader n. U.S. a person who encourages and directs a crowd in performing yells (sense 3) in support of a sports team, esp. one appointed to do so; cf. cheerleader n. 2.Chiefly in the context of U.S. college sport, esp. American football. ΚΠ 1892 Indiana Student Oct. 23/1 There is some talk of revising the college yell and having a yell leader. 1925 Woman's World (Chicago) Apr. 12/1 A thousand throats, at a signal from the gyrating yell-leader burst into chorus. 1990 St. Louis (Missouri) Post-Dispatch (Nexis) 29 Jan. 4 Fischer..also enjoys golf—he's a three-time All-Suburban North Conference performer—and is a yell leader at Pattonville [High School]. 2011 Insider's Guide to Colleges (Yale Daily News) (ed. 37) 814/2 At Texas A&M, yell leaders lead the students instead of cheerleaders at the football games. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, January 2018; most recently modified version published online June 2022). yellv. Brit. /jɛl/, U.S. /jɛl/ Forms: 1. Present stem early Old English gilleð (3rd singular indicative), Old English gellan, Old English giellan, Old English gyllan, Middle English ȝell, Middle English ȝelle, Middle English yhelle (northern), Middle English–1600s yel, Middle English–1600s yelle, Middle English– yell; also Scottish pre-1700 ȝel, pre-1700 ȝele, pre-1700 ȝell, pre-1700 ȝhell, pre-1700 yell, pre-1700 yhell. 2. Past tense. a. Strong. (i). Originally 1st and 3rd singular indicative. Old English geal (in prefixed forms), early Middle English yal (south-west midlands), Middle English ȝal. (ii). Plural. Old English gullon, early Middle English gollen (south-west midlands), early Middle English gullen (south-west midlands), early Middle English ȝollen (south-western), early Middle English ȝulle (south-western), Middle English ȝolle (south-western). b. Weak. Middle English ȝeld, Middle English ȝeled, Middle English ȝelled, Middle English ȝellede, Middle English ȝellide, Middle English yellede, Middle English yellid, Middle English yellyd, Middle English– yelled, 1500s yeald, 1500s yeld. 3. Past participle. 1500s– yelled; also Scottish pre-1700 ȝeld, pre-1700 ȝellit, pre-1700 ȝellyt. See also yoll v. Origin: A word inherited from Germanic. Etymology: Cognate with Middle Dutch gellen (Dutch gillen ), Old Saxon gellan (in isolated attestation as 3rd singular present indicative gillit in a glossary showing Old English influence; Middle Low German gellen (also gillen )), Old High German gellan (Middle High German gellen , German gellen ), Old Icelandic gjalla , Norwegian (Nynorsk and Bokmål) gjalle , (regional) gjella , Old Swedish gælla (Swedish gälla , now archaic), Old Danish gælde (Danish gjalde , now regional or archaic), all originally strong verbs, apparently < the same Germanic base as Old English galan to sing, to recite, (also) to cry out (see gale v.¹); further etymology unknown, perhaps of imitative origin. Compare also (from the same Germanic base) Old Saxon gellon to bark, Old High German gellōn to growl, to groan, Old Icelandic gella (of an animal) to utter a loud cry, all weak verbs.Germanic cognates. The origin of the stem-final geminate -ll- in the Germanic base is unclear. Assimilation of an earlier n -extension is sometimes suggested, but there are no Germanic or Indo-European parallels to support this hypothesis, and expressive gemination (or assimilation of an s -extension) is equally possible. With use of the verb in Germanic to refer to the cry of animals compare nouns derived from the base of gale v.¹, as Old English -gale in nihtegale nightgale n. and Germanic parallels cited at that entry, and Old Icelandic -gal in hanagal cockcrow. With use with reference to loud or strident sound compare (with m -suffix) Middle Dutch galm (Dutch galm ), Old Saxon galm (Middle Low German galm ), Old High German galm (Middle High German galm , German Galm ), all in sense ‘noise, resonating sound or call, reverberation, echo’; it has been suggested on semantic grounds that this formation may be from the Germanic base of yell v. rather than gale v.¹ Form history. In Old English a strong verb of Class III (as in other older Germanic languages). Strong forms survive into Middle English. Unlike the present stem and past tense singular, the strong past tense plural did not undergo palatalization of the initial consonant before a front vowel and therefore still sometimes shows a stop in early Middle English; compare gullen at Forms 2a(i). For Middle English forms with stem vowel o or (more rarely) u in the present stem (and weak past tense forms) see yoll v. In early Middle English a possible source of these is as the reflex of Old English eo by back mutation of e before back vowels of the inflectional ending (rare with intervening geminate), with sporadic shift of stress within the diphthong to its second element. However, compare also the stem vowel of the strong past tense plural. Given the meaning of the verb, alteration for expressive or imitative reasons is also a possibility. Compare also yowl v., yawl v.¹ Prefixed form in Old English. In Old English the prefixed form begiellan (of a bird) to cry out against or in answer to (compare be- prefix) is also attested. Related verb in Old English. There is some scanty evidence for an apparently related Old English weak verb gyllan , gylian to yell, roar, to chatter, prattle:OE Judith 25 Ða wearð Holofernus..on gytesalum, hloh ond hlydde, hlynede ond dynede, þæt mihten fira bearn feorran gehyran hu se stiðmoda styrmde ond gylede, modig ond medugal.OE Glosses to Colloquies of Ælfric Bata (St. John's Oxf. 154) in A. S. Napier Old Eng. Glosses (1900) 225/1 [Tam] garruli [tamque uerbosi estis] : gyli[ende].OE Glosses to Colloquies of Ælfric Bata (St. John's Oxf. 154) in A. S. Napier Old Eng. Glosses (1900) 225/1 Garrulitas : gy[lung]. Garrula uerbositas : gy[liende] maðe[lung]. The past tense form gylede ‘uttered a loud cry (in drunken revelry)’ (compare sense 3a) has the appearance of the past tense of an otherwise unattested weak Class I verb gyllan . However, the (heavily abbreviated) glosses to the Colloquies of Ælfric Bata suggest a weak Class II verb gylian , although this in turn could well represent a secondary formation formed on an original Class I verb. The underlying ablaut grade of the base of the stem vowel (late West Saxon y ) is uncertain (o -grade or zero-grade is perhaps most likely), as also is the relationship, if any, with the attested (e -grade) weak verb in other Germanic languages. It is therefore difficult to determine how relevant these rare Old English forms are to the later history of yell v. 1. intransitive. Of an animal: to utter a loud cry or noise, esp. as an expression of fear, pain, or distress. ΘΚΠ the world > animals > by noises > voice or sound made by animal > make sound [verb (intransitive)] > roar or bellow roarOE bellOE yellOE romya1325 droun1340 bellow1486 shouta1500 whurl1530 rout1554 fream1575 brill1863 OE Riddle 24 3 Ic eom wunderlicu wiht, wræsne mine stefne,..hwilum græde swa gos, hwilum gielle swa hafoc. OE Battle of Finnsburh (transcript of lost MS) 6 Fugelas singað, gylleð græghama, guðwudu hlynneð. c1275 (?c1250) Owl & Nightingale (Calig.) (1935) l. 112 Þe faucun was wroþ wit his bridde & lude ȝal & sterne chidde. c1330 (?c1300) Guy of Warwick (Auch.) l. 7285 Ded he fel to grounde þo. He [sc. the dragon] grad & ȝelled [c1475 Caius yelled] swiþe loude, Þat it schilled into þe cloude. c1400 (?c1390) Sir Gawain & Green Knight (1940) l. 1453 He hurteȝ of þe houndeȝ, & þay Ful ȝomerly ȝaule & ȝelle. a1500 (c1425) Andrew of Wyntoun Oryg. Cron. Scotl. (Nero) iv. l. 2116 Alkyn best..ȝhellande ran as þai war wode Til woddis and til wildirnes. 1560 Bible (Geneva) Jer. ii. 15 The lyons roared vpon him & yelled. 1598 W. Shakespeare Love's Labour's Lost iv. ii. 59 The Dogges did yell . View more context for this quotation 1609 Spenser's Faerie Queene (new ed.) i. xi. sig. E3^v The cruell wound enraged him so sore, That loud he [sc. the dragon] yelled for exceeding paine. 1683 R. Dixon Canidia iv. iii. 16 If you would see the Face of Hell, And hear the Pack of Hell-Hounds yell. 1731 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 37 90 He [sc. a dog] foamed at the Mouth, yelled frequently, and breathed with more Difficulty than any of the rest. 1768 A. Dour tr. 'Inayat Allah Tales I. i. 10 The hounds, with drooping tails, yelled as they fled from danger. 1810 W. Scott Lady of Lake i. 6 Yelled on the view the opening pack,..An hundred dogs bayed deep and strong. 1863 W. C. Baldwin Afr. Hunting ix. 408 Innumerable hyenas,..fighting, running, and yelling like demons. 1905 Penny Illustr. Paper 14 Oct. 228/5 He rolled downhill, the hounds yelling in excitement as they closed in on him. 1960 Times 4 June 8/7 The cats yelled furiously below. 2000 J. Stranger Cherished Freedom 52 I heard the animals yelling and wondered what was wrong. 2. †a. intransitive. Of an inanimate object: to make a strident, grating, or crashing noise. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > physical sensation > hearing and noise > degree, kind, or quality of sound > unpleasant quality > shrill quality > sound shrill [verb (intransitive)] > make shrill sound yellOE pipec1275 treblec1425 shrillc1440 squail1526 squeal1600 skirl1827 blat1846 whine1874 whit1899 zing1899 whee1960 OE Andreas (1932) 127 Guðsearo gullon, garas hrysedon. OE Riddle 22 4 Ic seah searo hweorfan, grindan wið greote, giellende faran. c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1963) l. 4885 Helmes þer gullen [c1300 Otho ȝollen]. c1330 (c1250) Floris & Blauncheflur (Auch.) (1966) l. 302 (MED) Þe water wille ȝelle als hit ware wode, And bicome on hire so red so blod. b. intransitive. Of the wind, a storm, etc.: to blow noisily or violently; to howl. ΘΚΠ the world > physical sensation > hearing and noise > degree, kind, or quality of sound > unpleasant quality > mournful or plaintive sound > mournful or plaintive [verb (intransitive)] > howl, wail, or whine yella1470 hurl1530 howl1687 gowl1724 twine1805 whine1874 bloop1926 a1470 T. Malory Morte Darthur (Winch. Coll. 13) (1990) II. 919 So she wente with the wynde, rorynge and yellynge, that hit semed alle the water brente after her. 1561 B. Googe tr. ‘M. Palingenius’ Zodiake of Life (new ed.) v. sig. Miii^v Black storms he sends with thondres rore he makes the skies to yel. 1747 W. Collins Odes 38 Winter yelling thro' the troublous Air, Affrights thy shrinking Train. 1839 H. Cook Adrian iii. 76 Loud, rending, stunning, the relentless storm Yelled, dreadly clad in misery's darkest form. 1875 C. W. Mason Rape of Gamp 137/2 The wind yelled and shrieked through the rigging. 1901 Forest & Stream 28 Dec. 515/3 The gale yells aloft, and the watch on deck clutch the shearpoles as she fills to the rail and the main deck vanishes under three hundred tons of furious brine. 1987 Advertiser (Adelaide) (Nexis) 31 Jan. The wind yelled like a fiend over bleak Bodmin Moor. †c. intransitive. Of sound or music: to resound. Obsolete. rare. ΘΚΠ the world > physical sensation > hearing and noise > degree, kind, or quality of sound > resonance or sonority > resound [verb (intransitive)] > of sound ringc1400 resounda1547 yell1606 1606 Wily Beguilde 41 Let warbling Ecchoes ring, And sounding musicke yell Through hils, through dales. 3. a. intransitive. Of a person: to utter a loud strident cry in order to express a strong or sudden emotion, to attract attention, as a warning, etc.; to shout. Sometimes with out. Also figurative. ΘΚΠ the world > physical sensation > hearing and noise > voice or vocal sound > cry or shout (loudness) > cry of emotion or pain > [verb (intransitive)] > yell or yelp yerrOE yarmc1000 yellc1225 yawpc1400 yammer1513 outyell1562 yelloch1773 c1225 (?c1200) St. Katherine (Bodl.) (1981) l. 733 Þear me mahte iheren þe heaðene hundes ȝellen ant ȝeien ant ȝuren. c1325 (c1300) Chron. Robert of Gloucester (Calig.) l. 4239 So grisliche ȝal [a1425 Pepys ȝelled, a1450 London Univ. ȝolled] þat ssrewe þo. c1405 (c1390) G. Chaucer Nun's Priest's Tale (Hengwrt) (2003) l. 569 They yelleden as fendes doon in helle. c1440 in C. Horstmann Yorkshire Writers (1895) I. 42 He..went thurgh þe cete..wepand and ȝelland als a pure wreche, als he þat was will of herbery þat nyghte. a1529 J. Skelton Tunnyng of Elynour Rummyng in Certayne Bks. (?1545) 500 She yelled lyke a calfe. 1553 T. Wilson Arte of Rhetorique iii. f. 92 Women are saide to chatter, churles to grunt, boyes to whine, & yonge men to yel. ?1578 W. Patten Let. Entertainm. Killingwoorth 54 Knights stampt, Squiers startld az steeds in a stoour Yeemen & Pagez yeald oout in the hall. 1602 J. Marston Antonios Reuenge v. v. sig. K3 Murder for murder, blood for blood doth yell. 1641 Contin. Hist. Forreine Martyrs 32/2 Fryer Iohn Campone..yelled out like a mad man. 1671 J. Milton Paradise Regain'd iv. 420 Infernal Ghosts, and Hellish Furies, round Environ'd thee, some howl'd, some yell'd, some shriek'd. View more context for this quotation 1719 D. Defoe Life Robinson Crusoe 278 So many were wounded, that they run about yelling, and skreaming, like mad Creatures. 1786 Amusements in High Life i. 9 His rump, which first touched the ground, received a severe shock, from the pain of which he yelled most piteously. 1831 Age 8 May 149/1 We see them..yelling for joy at the prospect of their hellish project arriving at its completion. 1878 Dwight's Jrnl. Music 27 Apr. 221/1 Don't let them howl! There is no more singing nowadays; singers only yell. 1898 Cosmopolitan Oct. 612/1 Almost within earshot the Apaches are yelling and dancing around their fires. 1914 St. Nicholas Apr. 515/1 The crowd yelled like mad. 1958 L. Golding Little Old Admiral iii. 63 Someone yells out inside the car. 2000 S. Vickers Miss Garnet's Angel 261 She created a scene about it when she was six. I still remember her yelling and screaming like they were murdering her or something. b. intransitive. To address a person angrily; to tell off. Frequently with at. ΘΚΠ the mind > attention and judgement > contempt > disapproval > rebuke or reproof > rebuke or reprove [verb (intransitive)] reprovec1330 sniba1400 reprehend?a1439 expostulate1574 to rap (a person) on the knuckles (also fingers)1584 give it1594 reprimand1681 to pin a person's ears back1861 yell1886 to jump down a person's throat1916 to chew (a person's) ass1946 to slap (a person) down1960 1886 Punch 10 July 24/1 I mayn't approve their style, But if young men will yell at me—I smile! a1927 D. Hammett One Hour in Nightmare Town (1999) 254 I've been here eight years, and this is the first time we ever fell down on an order—and every damned customer is yelling his head off. 1979 W. R. Nay Multimethod Clin. Assessm. ii. iii. 66 My wife..always yelling about something. Money. Why don't you have more of it? Why can't we buy this? 2006 Chicago Tribune (Midwest ed.) 25 Sept. i. 16/5 Can anyone imagine an entire season going by when not one parent yells at the official, opposing players or coaches? †4. transitive and intransitive. To sing or chant (something) loudly. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > the arts > music > performing music > singing > sing [verb (intransitive)] > sing loudly or harshly screama1200 yella1387 yelp?c1450 outshrilla1876 a1387 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden Polychron. (St. John's Cambr.) (1872) IV. 395 Nero..gan to ȝelle [c1400 Tiber. ȝolle] and songe þe gestes of Troye. Remonstr. against Romish Corruptions (Titus) (1851) 18 What wisdom is this to hiren hem so dere to yellen in chirchis and abbeies. 1577 G. Whetstone Remembraunce Gaskoigne sig. A.iv^v The Nightingale,..When she might mourn, her sweetest layes doth yel. 5. transitive. To utter (something) with a shout or yell; to utter loudly; to shout out. Frequently with direct speech as object. Also figurative. ΘΚΠ the world > physical sensation > hearing and noise > voice or vocal sound > cry or shout (loudness) > cry of emotion or pain > [verb (transitive)] > yell yellc1390 yelp1654 c1390 Vision St. Paul (Vernon) in C. Horstmann Minor Poems Vernon MS (1892) i. 258 (MED) Þei ȝelleden wiþ lodly cry: ‘Poul, Michael, on vs ha merci!’ a1425 (?a1350) Gospel of Nicodemus (BL Add. 32578) (1907) l. 1796 Howe þai lay in droupand drede And non so ȝhepe a worde to ȝelle. a1450 (?a1390) J. Mirk Festial (Claud.) (2009) 7 Þey þat ben dampned to helle Ste[n]ton neuer to crye and ȝelle. Woe ys hym þat þydur schall gg [read go]. ?1556 E. P. in tr. T. Cranmer Confut. Verities Pref. sig. A.vi These, and suche other false and fained doctrines..are now blowen out, blustered and yelled forth in euery pulpit. a1616 W. Shakespeare Macbeth (1623) iv. iii. 7 It [sc. heaven] resounds As if it felt with Scotland, and yell'd out Like Syllable of Dolour. View more context for this quotation 1683 N. Crouch Surprizing Miracles Nature & Art 127 A Woman..with a doleful voice from eleven to twelve a Clock at night yelled out these terrible Words. 1700 T. Brown Amusem. Serious & Comical iii. 21 Another Son of a Whore yells [1702: yelps] louder than Homer's Stentor, Two a Groat. 1781 Monthly Rev. Aug. 112 He has yelled out many syllables of senseless dolour. 1854 C. M. Yonge Cameos xxxi, in Monthly Packet Nov. 327 Otho..fled.., hunted by the students, all yelling abuse. 1888 Texas Siftings 7 Jan. 10/3 One boy yelled out: ‘Go it, Shorty!’ 1916 Boys' Life May 7/3 They shrieked with laughter and yelled encouragement. 1950 Recreation Nov. 319/1 They are not satisfied with calling one figure, or even four, but yell out twelve. 2016 H. Bourne How Hard can Love Be? viii. 88 ‘I miss you guys so much!’ I yelled, jumping in my chair. †6. transitive. To stick out (the tongue) while yelling. Obsolete. rare. ΘΚΠ the world > space > relative position > posture > position of specific body parts > position specific body part [verb (transitive)] > head, face, or eyes > tongue latcha1225 yellc1500 lill1530 lolla1616 c1500 Lyfe Roberte Deuyll 229 in W. C. Hazlitt Remains Early Pop. Poetry Eng. (1864) I. 228 Behynde them woulde he steale, And geue them a sowce..To cause some to yell out theyr tongues longe. 7. transitive. To urge on by yelling. ΘΚΠ the mind > will > motivation > motivate [verb (transitive)] > incite or instigate > urge on or incite > vocally to cheer on1577 word1602 halloo1606 loo1667 chirrup1785 hark on1813 yell1851 hark forward1865 the world > physical sensation > hearing and noise > voice or vocal sound > cry or shout (loudness) > cry of emotion or pain > [verb (transitive)] > yell > urge on yell1851 1851 New Monthly Mag. May 69 To fill the bosoms of the poor and the working classes.., and to yell them on to destruction. 1868 G. Meredith in Macmillan's Mag. Feb. 363 They raced; their brothers yelled them on. 1943 W. Stegner Big Rock Candy Mountain 202 His father in a strangling rage, yelling him on, his lips back over his teeth and his face purple. 1985 A. L. McGinnis Bringing Out Best in People v. 75 At times you yell them on and persuade them to run one more lap. 2008 A. Briggs tr. L. Tolstoy Three Deaths i, in A. Briggs et al. tr. L. Tolstoy Death of Ivan Ilyich & Other Stories 74 The coach driver drove his four big, sweating horses, yelling them on. Derivatives ˈyeller n. a person who or (occasionally) animal which yells. ΘΚΠ the world > physical sensation > hearing and noise > voice or vocal sound > cry or shout (loudness) > cry of emotion or pain > [noun] > yell or yelp > person yeller1619 yawper1678 1619 T. Doughty Practise how to finde Ease II. xxiii. 404 I had beene an vnsauourie yeller forth of infectious Doctrine. 1776 St. James's Chron. 17 Aug. They carry it to the Grave with some Thousand Yellers following and preceding it. 1823 New Monthly Mag. 8 499 Some dozen yappers and yellers of all shapes and breeds. 1900 Lancet 3 Mar. 637/2 To prosecute a newspaper yeller for obtaining money under false pretences. 2013 N.Y. Times (Nexis) 31 Mar. Some of their parents were yellers, and some of their parents were brooders. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, January 2018; most recently modified version published online June 2022). < n.c1300v.OE
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