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单词 yearn
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yearnn.

Brit. /jəːn/, U.S. /jərn/
Origin: Formed within English, by conversion. Etymon: yearn v.1
Etymology: < yearn v.1 Compare earlier yearning n.1
A feeling or expression of yearning; a strong desire or longing. Also in extended use (cf. yearn v.1 2b).
ΘΚΠ
the mind > will > wish or inclination > desire > longing or yearning > [noun]
ondeeOE
yearningeOE
longingOE
forlonginga1250
mourningc1300
yering13..
eye-seke?c1500
panting1580
greening1584
smackeringa1586
brame1590
languora1599
earning1603
lingering1608
yawning1635
tantalizing1640
slavering1642
longingness1651
tantalization1654
twittering1668
hankering1678
honing1725
lech1796
yearna1797
languishment1817
yearningness1839
hanker1881
tantalizingness1889
yen1906
the world > animals > birds > order Falconiformes (falcons, etc.) > family Accipitridae (hawks, etc.) > [noun] > eagles > eagle
erneOE
eaglec1350
king of fowlsc1475
king of birds1575
bird of Jove1612
iron1623
yearna1797
kingbird1840
a1797 M. Wollstonecraft Posthumous Wks. (1798) III. xliv. 134 I feel my fate united to yours by..the yearns of..a true, unsophisticated heart.
1853 C. Kingsley in Fraser's Mag. Nov. 569 In one mighty yearn after that beauty from which he is debarred, [Keats] breaks his young heart, and dies.
1862 C. F. Browne Artemus Ward his Bk. 89 ‘Hast thou not yearned for me?’ she yelled... ‘Not a yearn!’ I bellerd.
1869 A. C. Steele So runs World Away III. xii. 245 Do not children break their babyish hearts in the yearn for forbidden dainties?
1890 W. C. Russell Ocean Trag. I. v. 106 The rounds of her canvas whitened into marble hardness with the yearn and lean of the distended cloths.
1921 Everybody's Mag. July 59/1 A couple of times during the first year of our double life,..I got a yearn to go back on the road again.
2008 K. Buckhanon Conception (2009) 82 The yearn for knowledge was buried deep within most of our hardened exteriors.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2014; most recently modified version published online December 2021).

yearnv.1

Brit. /jəːn/, U.S. /jərn/
Forms: early Old English gyrmeð (3rd singular present indicative, transmission error), Old English geornan, Old English gernan (rare and chiefly late), Old English giernan, Old English giornan (chiefly Northumbrian), Old English girnan, Old English gyrde (past tense, transmission error), Old English gyrnan, Old English gyrnnan (rare), late Old English gurnan, late Old English iærnan, late Old English ieornan, early Middle English ȝeorenden (south-west midlands, plural past indicative), early Middle English georne, early Middle English ȝeornenn ( Ormulum), early Middle English ȝeornne (south-west midlands), early Middle English ȝernenn ( Ormulum), early Middle English ȝerrnde ( Ormulum, past tense), early Middle English gierne, early Middle English ȝierne, early Middle English ȝirn, early Middle English girne, early Middle English ȝirne, early Middle English ȝirni (south-west midlands), early Middle English ȝorne (south-western), early Middle English ȝurn (south-western), early Middle English ȝurne (south-western and south-west midlands), early Middle English gyrne, early Middle English herne (south-western), early Middle English þierne (probably transmission error), Middle English ȝarenande (northern, present participle), Middle English ȝarne (northern), Middle English ȝeorne (chiefly south-west midlands), Middle English gern, Middle English ȝern, Middle English gerne, Middle English ȝerne, Middle English ȝherne (chiefly northern), Middle English ȝyrne, Middle English ierne, Middle English yhern (chiefly northern), Middle English yherne (northern), Middle English yiern (northern), Middle English yrne, Middle English yurn (north-west midlands, in a late copy), Middle English (northern)–1500s yarne, Middle English–1600s yerne, Middle English–1700s yern, late Middle English hernist (2nd singular present indicative, perhaps transmission error), 1500s irn, 1500s yirne, 1500s yorn, 1500s yorne, 1500s yourn, 1500s–1600s yearne, 1500s– yearn; Scottish pre-1700 ȝairne, pre-1700 ȝarn, pre-1700 ȝarne, pre-1700 ȝearn, pre-1700 ȝern, pre-1700 ȝerne, pre-1700 ȝharn, pre-1700 ȝharne, pre-1700 yairne, pre-1700 yarn, pre-1700 yharne, 1700s– yearn, 1800s yurn, 1900s– yern. N.E.D. (1921) also records forms Middle English ȝiern, Middle English ȝorn, Middle English ȝyrn.
Origin: A word inherited from Germanic.
Etymology: Cognate with Old Saxon girnian , Old Icelandic girna , Old Swedish girna (Swedish girnas ), Old Danish girnes , Gothic gaírnjan < the Germanic base of yern adj. and, ultimately, of yere v. Compare green v.2 With sense 5 perhaps compare yarm v., yarm n.In Old English a weak verb of Class I (the existence of a Class II by-form is suggested by occasional isolated forms); the West Saxon forms show breaking (of i to io ) and i-mutation (to ie ) caused by the original j -suffix (except in occasional late forms probably influenced by georn yern adj.); non-West Saxon dialects show breaking but no i-mutation, and (in Kentish and Mercian) the subsequent falling together of io with eo . In Old English the prefixed form gegiernan to desire, ask eagerly for, request (compare y- prefix) is also attested. In the phrase þat yernys at sense 4 rendering post-classical Latin optativus optative adj.
I. Senses relating to desire or longing, or the expression of this.
1.
a. To have a strong desire or longing for; to crave, covet. Now archaic and poetic.
(a) transitive. With simple object.In Old English usually with genitive of object.Apparently unattested in the 17th and 18th centuries, this sense was revived in archaic and poetic use in the late 19th cent.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > will > wish or inclination > desire > longing or yearning > long or yearn for [verb (transitive)]
yearneOE
yearnOE
copena1225
longc1225
to yawn after or fora1250
yerec1275
to stand to ——a1400
hungerc1450
ache1622
desiderate1646
sigh1650
tire1801
lonesome for1905
OE West Saxon Gospels: Luke (Corpus Cambr.) xxii. 71 Hwi gyrne we gyt gewitnesse?
OE Anglo-Saxon Chron. (Tiber. B.iv) anno 1067 Ða begann se cyngc Malcholom gyrnan his [i.e. Edgar's] sweostor him to wife, Margaretan, ac he & his men ealle lange wiðcwædon, & eac heo sylf wiðsoc.
lOE King Ælfred tr. Boethius De Consol. Philos. (Bodl.) (2009) I. xv. 270 Ne diorwyrðra hrægla hi ne girndan, forþam hi þa git næran ne hio nanwuht ne gesawon, ne ne geherdon.
a1225 (c1200) Vices & Virtues (1888) 43 Non ðare ðinge ðe on ðesse worlde waren he ne ȝernde.
c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1978) l. 8879 Cnihtes feollen a-dun & ȝirnden heore dæðes.
a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 23458 Fair Iuels þat men yerns oft.
a1450 (c1412) T. Hoccleve De Regimine Principum (Harl. 4866) (1897) l. 1407 For þat þou art brent With couetyse now,..þou ȝernest soules cure.
1568 in W. T. Ritchie Bannatyne MS (1928) II. 198 We ȝarne thy presens bot oft thow hes refusit Till cum ws till.
?1569 W. Lauder Godlie Tractate sig. Ciiiv That death ȝe Ȝairne, it sall fast frome ȝow fle.
1886 M. Gilmore Pipes from Praire-land 136 Does thy bare brow yearn the laurel crown, Or bay that hailest Fame?
1970 G. Corso Elegiac Feelings Amer. 35 And now man yearns death no more.
2006 R. Ourdoubadian tr. Hafez Poems lxix. 101 Oh, the delight of the wine-soaked eyes of a beloved: like a tulip—with the cup—I yearn the taste on my lips.
†(b) transitive. With object and infinitive. Obsolete.
ΚΠ
a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 28112 (MED) Ic ha me gernd vt-wit be sene Better þan i wit-in ha bene.
1424 in W. Hamilton Descr. Lanark & Renfrew (1831) 282 Considerande and ȝarnande the fredome of bath the burws to be suppleit.
c1480 (a1400) St. Andrew 423 in W. M. Metcalfe Legends Saints Sc. Dial. (1896) I. 75 I ȝarne þe of corse to here þe priwete.
a1500 (c1425) Andrew of Wyntoun Oryg. Cron. Scotl. (Nero) v. l. 260 Octoviane ȝarnyt hym [sc. Tiberius] to be His ayr.
b. transitive. With to-infinitive (formerly also with †at or †for to and infinitive, and occasionally †with bare infinitive): to have a strong desire or longing to do something.This sense and sense 2a are the most common senses in recent use.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > will > wish or inclination > desire > longing or yearning > long or yearn [verb]
yearneOE
me (etc.) longs (also longeth)eOE
longOE
yearnOE
alonga1393
OE Blickling Homilies 53 Wiþsacaþ nu þam leasum welum..swa þa halgan dydon þe on þyssum life naht ne sohton ne ne gyrndon to hæbbenne.
OE Poenitentiale Pseudo-Egberti (Laud) i. x. 8 Se man on his ytemestan dæge gyrneð cristes lichaman to underfonne.
c1175 Ormulum (Burchfield transcript) l. 3578 Crist wass æfre swillc to sen..Þatt gode ȝeorrndenn himm to sen.
a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 1 Man yhernes rimes for to here.
a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 6479 (MED) Þi neghbur wijf ȝerne noght at haue.
a1425 (a1400) Prick of Conscience (Galba & Harl.) (1863) 6705 For hungre þai sal yherne it ete.
1489 (a1380) J. Barbour Bruce (Adv.) i. 158 The kynryk ȝharn I nocht to have.
a1568 Wowing of Jok & Jynny 9 in Bannatyne MS (Hunterian Club) (1896) 387 I yern full fane To..sit down by yow.
a1625 J. Fletcher Bonduca ii. iv, in F. Beaumont & J. Fletcher Comedies & Trag. (1647) sig. Gggg4v/2 I must do that my heart-strings yern to do.
1711 R. Steele Spectator No. 142. ⁋3 My gushing Heart, that..yearns to tell you all its Achings.
1805 R. Southey Madoc ii. xiii. 303 A female tenderness that yearned, Even with maternal love, to cherish him.
1841 C. Dickens Old Curiosity Shop ii. lv. 105 The child yearned to be out of doors.
1879 W. H. Dixon Royal Windsor II. iv. 38 He had a daughter whom he yearned to hail as queen.
1946 Life 30 Dec. 68/1 All his life George yearns to get out of Bedford Falls and travel to far-off places.
2003 L. Faderman Naked in Promised Land x. 174 I yearned to know what it would feel like to pass a strange woman on the boulevard, exchange a significant glance.., and follow her.
†c. transitive. With that-clause as object: to wish or desire that something will happen. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > will > wish or inclination > desire > longing or yearning > long or yearn [verb]
yearneOE
me (etc.) longs (also longeth)eOE
longOE
yearnOE
alonga1393
eOE King Ælfred tr. Gregory Pastoral Care (Hatton) (1871) xliv. 331 He giernð ðæt he his weolan iece.
OE West Saxon Gospels: Matt. (Corpus Cambr.) xxiii. 8 Ne gyrne ge þæt eow man lareowas nemne.
c1175 ( Homily: Hist. Holy Rood-tree (Bodl. 343) (1894) 6 Ic wolde beon ȝyrnende..þæt ic mid mine eaȝen iseon moste þæt þæt ic to þe wilniæn wolde.
c1225 (?c1200) St. Margaret (Bodl.) (1934) 6 Ha..ȝirnde..þet ha moste beon an of þe moni moder-bern þet swa muchel drehen for drihtin.
a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Gött.) l. 1801 Þai ȝernid þan, þa caitifes madd, þat þai had ben wid noe stadd.
a1425 in M. L. Arntz Richard Rolle & Gratia Dei (1981) 73 (MED) Oft he ȝherned þat matyns tyme might haue lasted to þe day of dome.
c1480 (a1400) St. Ninian l. 482 in W. M. Metcalfe Legends Saints Sc. Dial. (1896) II. 318 Al þat ware honeste men ȝarnit he suld þare barnis ken.
2.
a. intransitive. To feel strong desire or longing; to long for (also after, †to) a place, person, thing, situation, etc. Also in extended use.This sense and sense 1b are the most common senses in recent use.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > will > wish or inclination > desire > longing or yearning > long or yearn for [verb (transitive)]
yearneOE
yearnOE
copena1225
longc1225
to yawn after or fora1250
yerec1275
to stand to ——a1400
hungerc1450
ache1622
desiderate1646
sigh1650
tire1801
lonesome for1905
eOE tr. Orosius Hist. (BL Add.) (1980) vi. xxviii. 146 He ofslog Proculus & Bororum [read Bonorum], þa gierndon eac æfter þæm onwalde.
OE St. Mildred (Calig.) in T. O. Cockayne Leechdoms, Wortcunning, & Starcraft (1866) III. 424 He ða sona swa dyde swa he ær gyrnende wæs, & he hi on niht sona gemartirode innan ðæs cyninges heahsetle, swa he dyrnlicost mihte.
a1200 MS Trin. Cambr. in R. Morris Old Eng. Homilies (1873) 2nd Ser. 27 Þe godfrihte..ne gierneð to none þinge bute after godes wille.
c1225 (?c1200) St. Juliana (Royal) 42 He bi ȝet et te keiser þet he ȝettede him reue to beonne as þet he iȝirnd hefde.
1340 Ayenbite (1866) 55 (MED) Þe þridde boȝ of þise zenne is to uerliche yerne to þe mete.
J. Gaytryge Lay Folks' Catech. (York Min.) (1901) l. 560 Tham that ledis thair lifs als thaire flesch yhernes.
c1450 (?a1400) Parl. Thre Ages (BL Add. 31042) l. 171 He was ȝonge and ȝape and ȝernynge to armes.
c1540 (?a1400) Gest Historiale Destr. Troy (2002) f. 46v Yonge men & yeuerus..yurnes to gamnes.
1573 in J. Cranstoun Satirical Poems Reformation (1891) I. xlii. 750 Thay pepill..That..ȝarnis for fude with sa greit zeill.
1640 E. Pagitt Christianographie (ed. 3) i. xvi. 213 Sacriledge is one of the most detestable sinnes, after which Gods curse yearneth, til he be revenged.
1655 J. Howell 4th Vol. Familiar Lett. l. 119 His maw began to yern again after som of the figgs.
1718 A. Ramsay Edinburgh's Addr. to Country 7 My Heart yearns after thee with strong Desire.
1766 Gentleman's Mag. Apr. 226/1 Kings in their palaces should groan for such advantages; but we, humbled as we are, should yearn for them.
1820 W. Irving Sketch Bk. II. 367 His heart yearned after the damsel who was to inherit these domains.
1870 C. Dickens Let. 25 Apr. (2002) XII. 512 I yearn for the country again.
1886 R. F. Burton tr. Arabian Nights' Entertainm. VII. dcclxxiv. 366 You are my wish and longsome still I yearn: To you..bend I and I hope..your grace to earn.
1958 B. Pym Glass of Blessings xvi. 186 Sitting on mackintoshes, eating packed lunches..tramping home again through the rain—one can see how he would yearn after Portugal.
1991 G. Greer Change xi. 289 He never granted what she yearned for, tenderness, intimacy and respect.
2004 N.Y. Times 19 Dec. ix. 1/3 Americans are fed up with the commercialism of the December holidays and are yearning for something simpler.
b. intransitive. Of a thing: to suggest or appear to suggest feelings of desire or longing. Also with adjective complement.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > will > wish or inclination > desire > longing or yearning > long or yearn [verb (intransitive)] > have appearance of longing
yearn1725
1725 W. Douglas Eleven Serm. iii. 78 The very Bowels of the Earth did open and yearn; the Rocks were broken asunder, the Vail of the Temple was rent in twain.
1870 D. G. Rossetti Burden of Nineveh ix The faces of thy ministers Yearned pale with bitter ecstasy.
1871 A. C. Swinburne Tenebræ in Songs before Sunrise 92 The blossom of man from his tomb Yearns open.
1890 W. C. Russell Ocean Trag. I. v. 95 The jibs yearning from their sheets taut as fiddle-strings.
1913 Hearst's Mag. Feb. 276/1 His very hands and arms yearned out toward her, but he kept on the safe side of the counter.
2007 S. T. Hitchcock Frankenstein vi. 155 His muscular forearms stretch out of the too-short sleeves; his face yearns upward.
c. intransitive. Of music, speech, etc.: to make a sound suggestive of strong desire or longing; to express desire or longing.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > language > speech > manner of speaking > speak in a particular manner [verb (intransitive)] > speak in other specific ways
rumble1755
yearn1820
talk1969
the mind > will > wish or inclination > desire > longing or yearning > long or yearn [verb] > express yearning
yearn1820
1820 J. Keats Eve of St. Agnes in Lamia & Other Poems 86 The music, yearning like a God in pain.
1832 L. Hunt Story of Rimini i, in Poet. Wks. 3 Yearns [1816 Heaves] the deep talk, the ready laugh ascends.
1914 H. Price Poems & Sonnets 74 And still their voices, yearning through the silence, Interpret feelings that till then they knew not.
2004 C. de Rore in S. McClary Modal Subjectivities v. 109 The music yearns and despairs, heaves and thrashes like a body in the throes of extreme stress.
d. transitive. To make (music) or utter (words) which express or suggest desire or longing; to say, sing, etc., with intense passion. Often with direct speech as object. Frequently with out.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > language > speech > manner of speaking > speak in a particular manner [verb (intransitive)] > speak passionately
rant1602
rave1621
yearn1856
the mind > language > speech > manner of speaking > say in a particular manner [verb (transitive)] > say passionately
rave1568
breathe1572
yearn1979
1856 J. Payn Bond & Free in Househ. Words 3 May 368/2 While the organ was yearning its last, and the great throng was pushing to the doors.
1882 E. Morgan Adam Edom Odem 139 His Infinite heart yearned out the cry:—‘Thus saith the Lord, [etc.].’
1894 R. Le Gallienne Prose Fancies 22 The kind of voice..in which Socialist actresses yearn out passages from ‘The Cenci’.
1966 H. Porter Paper Chase 19 The saxophone yearns out the melodies of the day.
1979 J. Conroy J. Conroy Reader ii. 77 ‘First thing I want is a slab o' ham size of a blanket and a dozen fresh yard eggs fried in the grease,’ yearned the other.
2005 D. M. McMahon Happiness ii. 83 ‘I want to know Christ and the power of his resurrection..,’ yearns the apostle Paul.
†3. transitive. To express a wish or desire for; to ask for, request. Also intransitive: to make a demand or claim. Obsolete.In quot. OE1: spec. to beg.In Old English usually with genitive of object.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > language > speech > request > make a request [verb (intransitive)]
yearnOE
ask1340
fand1340
frayne1377
seek1390
allegea1393
to make requestc1400
require?c1425
sue1440
thigc1480
solicit1509
petition1611
petitionate1625
postulate1754
the mind > language > speech > request > request or ask for [verb (transitive)]
yearnOE
bid971
seek971
askOE
beseechc1175
banc1275
yerec1275
cravec1300
desirec1330
impetrec1374
praya1382
nurnc1400
pleadc1400
require1400
fraynec1430
proke1440
requisitea1475
wishc1515
supply1546
request1549
implore?c1550
to speak for ——1560
entreat1565
impetratec1565
obtest?1577
solicit1595
invoke1617
mendicate1618
petition1621
imprecate1636
conjurea1704
speer1724
canvass1768
kick1792
I will thank you to do so-and-so1813
quest1897
to hit a person up for1917
OE (Northumbrian) Lindisf. Gospels: Mark x. 46 Caecus sedebat iuxta uiam mendicans : blind gesaet æt uel neh woeg giornade [OE Rushw. giornde].
OE West Saxon Gospels: Mark (Corpus Cambr.) xi. 24 Ic eow secge, swa hwæt swa ge gyrnende biddað gelyfað þæt ge hit onfoð.
lOE Anglo-Saxon Chron. (Laud) (Peterborough interpolation) anno 777 He geornde at se kyning þet he scolde for his luuen freon his ane mynstre Wocingas het.
lOE Anglo-Saxon Chron. (Laud) anno 1011 Her on þissum geare sende se cyng & his witan to ðam here & georndon friðes.
lOE Anglo-Saxon Chron. (Laud) anno 1052 Ferdon swa to Sandwic & dydon hand þet sylfa, & heom man geaf æghwer gislas & metsunga þær þær hi gyrndon.
c1225 (?c1200) St. Katherine (Royal) (1981) 1103 Lauerd, milce me nu ant ȝette me þet ich ȝirni.
c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1963) l. 4114 King Androgeus ȝeornneð [c1300 Otho ȝeorneþ] þi grið.
c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1963) l. 467 Ȝirne [c1300 Otho Ȝerne] we to þane kinge ȝeuen suiðe gode.
c1330 (?c1300) Bevis of Hampton (Auch.) l. 40 He him selue þeder wente For hire sake; Ofte gernede hire to wiue.
1340 Ayenbite (1866) 39 (MED) Þe uerþe boȝ of auarice is acsynge, þet is to yerne opo oþre mid wrong.
c1450 (c1350) Alexander & Dindimus (Bodl.) (1929) 67 Ȝernes now of my ȝift þat ȝou leve were, And what it be þat ȝe bidde, ȝour bonus I graunte.
†4. intransitive. Grammar. Of the optative mood: to have the function of expressing wish or desire. Cf. yearning adj. 1. Obsolete. rare.
ΚΠ
c1400 in D. Thomson Middle Eng. Grammatical Texts (1984) 191 (MED) Þe indicatif mod is þat þat schewis þe sothe or þe false; þe inperatif þat commandis; þe optatif þat yernys.
5.
†a. intransitive. Of a hunting dog: to bay at the sight of game; to bark, yelp. Also transitive: to bay at (game). Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > animals > mammals > group Unguiculata or clawed mammal > family Canidae > hound > [verb (intransitive)] > make sound
openc1425
cry1486
yearn1523
chant1573
babble1575
to lead chawle1589
to spend the mouth1590
spend1602
to give tongue1737
to throw (its) tongue1742
speak1826
tongue1832
to give mouth1854
the world > animals > mammals > group Unguiculata or clawed mammal > family Canidae > hound > [verb (transitive)] > indicate prey by barking
yearn1523
to speak to ——1845
1523 J. Skelton Goodly Garlande of Laurell 1409 The howndes began to yerne and to quest.
1533 J. Heywood Play of Wether sig. Bv That after our houndes yournynge so meryly..In herynge we may folow.
1575 G. Gascoigne Noble Arte Venerie lxv. 181 You muste holde your yong Terryers euery one of them at a sundrie hole of some angle or mouth of the earth, that they may herken and heare theyr fellowes yearne.
1575 G. Gascoigne Noble Arte Venerie lxvi. 185 When they [sc. badgers] perceiue the Terryers beginne to yearne them,..they will stoppe the hole betweene the Terryers and them.
1677 N. Cox Gentleman's Recreation (ed. 2) i. 18 When Beagles bark and cry at their Prey, we say, they Yearn.
1804 R. Couper Poetry II. 91 The tykes they yearn and yowl.
b. intransitive. Of a person: to utter a similar sound; to cry out in a tone suggestive of a baying dog; to wail, whine; (later also) to grumble, complain. Now Scottish and Irish English (northern).
ΘΚΠ
the world > physical sensation > hearing and noise > voice or vocal sound > cry or shout (loudness) > cry of emotion or pain > [verb (intransitive)] > whine
whingea1150
whinec1275
gowlc1300
hoinec1440
fipple?1507
yearn1582
pitter1672
whindle1709
1582 R. Stanyhurst tr. Virgil First Foure Bookes Æneis iv. 69 Nymphs in mountayns high typ doe squeak, hullelo, yearning [L. ulularunt].
1639 G. Daniel Ecclus. xxii. 4 He shall be soiled in the vnsavory Slime From Dunghills gather'd; all Men yerne at him.
1680 E. Hickeringill Curse ye Meroz 26 A Holder-forth may yawl and yerne, snivle and whine, thump and bawl.
1824 J. Mactaggart Sc. Gallovidian Encycl. 239 Weel may ye greet and yurn and bibble.
1879 P. H. Waddell Isaiah intil Scottis xi. 13 Nae mair sal Ephraim yirn at Judah.
1923 G. Watson Roxburghshire Word-bk. 337 Yern, to whine or wail.
1996 C. I. Macafee Conc. Ulster Dict. 399/1 Yirn, complain, grumble; whine.
II. To be deeply moved, and related senses.
6.
a. intransitive. Of a person, the heart, etc.: to be deeply moved; to feel something (as compassion, sympathy, etc.) intensely. Formerly also: †to mourn, grieve (obsolete). Frequently with over, towards, upon, etc.In quot. a1500: transitive to feel regret or sadness for; to rue, grieve over; cf. what the eye does not see the heart does not grieve (over) at eye n.1 Phrases 4b.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > emotion > suffering > sorrow or grief > feel sorrow or grief [verb (intransitive)]
sorroweOE
sorryeOE
careOE
heavyOE
mournOE
rueOE
murkenOE
dole13..
likec1330
wailc1374
ensorrowc1384
gloppen?a1400
sytea1400
teena1400
grievec1400
angera1425
erme1481
yearna1500
aggrieve1559
discomfort?a1560
melancholyc1580
to eat one's (own) heart1590
repent1590
passion1598
sigh1642
the mind > emotion > love > tenderness > have tender feelings or be deeply moved [verb (intransitive)]
yearna1500
the mind > emotion > compassion > feel pity or compassion [verb (intransitive)] > be moved by pity
melta1225
tender1390
yearna1500
earna1530
unfreeze1746
a1500 Thewis Gud Women (Cambr. Kk.1.5) l. 190 in R. Girvan Ratis Raving & Other Early Scots Poems (1939) 92 At E nocht seis, hart nocht ȝarnis.
a1513 W. Dunbar Poems (1998) I. 83 Ȝerne, ws guberne, wirgin matern.
a1533 J. Frith Against Rastel (?1535–6) sig. Biv The..slender reasons that those ii. wytted men, syr Thomas More and my lorde of Rochestre had brought to confyrme purgatory made my harte to yerne.
1539 Bible (Great) 1 Kings iii. 26 Her bowelles yerned vpon her sonne.
1562 T. Cooper Answere Def. Truth f. 6, in Apol. Priuate Masse Any christian hart may rather yerne and lamente to remember so vngodly prophanation of the holy Sacrament.
1587 W. Harrison Hist. Descr. Iland Brit. (new ed.) ii. x. 183/2 in Holinshed's Chron. (new ed.) I To raise pitifull and odious sores, and mooue the harts of the goers by such places where they lie, to yerne at [1577 lament] their miserie.
1602 F. Davison et al. Poet. Rapsody sig. B10 His heauy Heart did send forth sighings deepe. They [sc. sheep] in their bleating voyce did seeme to yearne.
1665 R. Brathwait Comment Two Tales Chaucer 35 It would make any ones heart yern within him, that has any man's blood in him.
1711 J. Addison Spectator No. 123. ¶5 I have left your Mother in the next Room. Her Heart yearns towards you.
1771 B. Fawcett Murther Lamented & Improved 16 Under all out weakness and folly, divine compassions are yearning over us, and the Spirit of the Lord is striving with us.
1847 C. Dickens Dombey & Son (1848) xliii. 429 With her gentle nature yearning to them both, feeling the misery of both.
1867 G. MacDonald Ann. Quiet Neighbourhood II. xi. 293 My heart was yearning over her.
1919 M. Diver Strong Hours vi. vi. 480 Lord Avonleigh's eyes noted and understood; and his dumb, lonely heart yearned towards this son, so long overlooked, so peculiarly his own.
2003 D. Lessing Grandmothers 88 Victoria had no idea how Phyllis yearned over her, fretted because of her, was afraid for her.
†b. transitive. To move (a person, the heart, etc.) deeply. Also: to cause to mourn or grieve. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > emotion > compassion > quality of exciting pity > affect with pity [verb (transitive)]
rueOE
movea1325
enpitec1400
relent1509
pity1515
yearn1603
melt1605
bowel1645
tenderize1733
1603 J. Florio tr. M. de Montaigne Ess. ii. xxxv. 429 To deliver himselfe from the affliction, which greatly yearned him to see her in so pitteous plight.
a1616 W. Shakespeare Merry Wives of Windsor (1623) iii. v. 42 She laments Sir for it, that it would yern your heart to see it. View more context for this quotation
a1616 W. Shakespeare Richard II (1623) v. v. 76 O how it yern'd [1597 ernd] my heart, when I beheld..That horse.
a1643 J. Shute Sarah & Hagar (1649) 94 Who..torture them, in that manner, that it yerns a mans bowels to observe!
†7. intransitive. To be reluctant to do something. Obsolete. rare.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > will > wish or inclination > unwillingness > be unwilling [verb (intransitive)]
nillOE
loathea1200
to make it tough1297
forthinka1300
reckc1300
ruea1400
to make (it) strangec1405
to make strangenessc1407
stick1418
resistc1425
to make (it) strange?1456
steek1478
tarrowc1480
doubt1483
sunyie1488
to make (it) nice1530
stay1533
shentc1540
to make courtesy (at)1542
to make it scrupulous1548
to think (it) much1548
to make dainty of (anything)1555
to lie aback1560
stand1563
steek1573
to hang back1581
erch1584
to make doubt1586
to hang the groin1587
to make scruple (also a, no, etc., scruple)1589
yearn1597
to hang the winga1601
to make squeamish1611
smay1632
bogglea1638
to hang off1641
waver1643
reluct1648
shy1650
reluctate1655
stickle1656
scruple1660
to make boggle1667
revere1689
begrudge1690
to have scruples1719
stopc1738
bitch1777
reprobate1779
crane1823
disincline1885
1597 T. Beard Theatre Gods Iudgements i. xv. 49 [He] committed such excesse of cruelty, that the most barbarous heathen in the world would haue yearned to doe.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2014; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

yearnv.2

Brit. /jəːn/, U.S. /jərn/, Scottish English /jɛrn/
Forms: Scottish pre-1700 ȝearn, pre-1700 yyrne, 1700s– yearn, 1700s– yirn, 1800s yirne, 1800s yurn, 1900s– yern; chiefly English regional (northern) 1800s– yearn, 1800s– yern.
Origin: Apparently either (i) a variant or alteration of another lexical item. Or (ii) formed within English, by back-formation. Etymons: earn v.3; yearning n.2
Etymology: Apparently either (i) a variant of earn v.3 (although this is first attested later), with palatal on-glide (see yearning n.1), or (ii) a back-formation < yearning n.2 Compare earlier earning n.2Connection with the Old English prefixed form of run v., i.e. geyrnan yern v., is very unlikely, as this verb survived in Middle English only in areas where yearn v.2 is not found, namely the south, the west midlands, and Ireland.
Scottish and English regional (chiefly northern).
1. intransitive. Of milk: to curdle or coagulate, esp. in the production of cheese; to form curds, typically after the introduction of rennet or ‘yearning’ (see yearning n.2). Also of cheese: form from curdled milk. Cf. run v. 41a.
ΘΚΠ
the world > matter > constitution of matter > density or solidity > state of being thick enough to retain form > be thick enough to retain form [verb (intransitive)] > coagulate
runeOE
curda1382
congealc1400
clotterc1405
clodder1499
cludder1540
yearna1568
quar1578
curdle1586
clot1591
coagulate1600
clod1639
concoagulate1666
earn1670
set1736
keech1863
a1568 Wyfe of Auchtermuchty (Bannatyne MS) xi He het the milk our hett, And sorrow spark of it wald yyrne.
1876 W. Brockie Confessional 186 The milk was owre hett and it wadna yirn.
1918 J. Mitchell Bydand 23 Birsin' doon the chassel fin ye've got the milk tae yirn.
1928 A. E. Pease Dict. Dial. N. Riding Yorks. 160/2 Yearn, to curdle.
1988 G. Lamb Orkney Wordbk. at Yirn The cheese'll no yirn.
2. transitive. To cause (milk) to curdle or coagulate, esp. in the production of cheese; to make (cheese) from curdled milk. Cf. run v. 41b.
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > food > food manufacture and preparation > preparation of dairy produce > [verb (transitive)] > prepare milk for cheese
beclipc1400
wella1425
earn1670
set1736
yearn1818
to set together1837
1633 Court Bk. Bishopric of Orkney (National Archives Scotl.: SC10/1/5) f. 86v He causit all his neighbouris wyffis..to milk thair kye..putting thair milk in ane pot cairyied be him for the purpose and ȝearned thair milk.
1791 A. Ross Poems Several Occasions 54 And may ye aye have milk to yearn, And cream abound to fill your kirn.
1818 W. Scott Heart of Mid-Lothian ii, in Tales of my Landlord 2nd Ser. IV. 24 His Honour the Duke will accept ane of our Dunlop cheeses, and it sall be my faut if a better was ever yearned in Lowden.
1866 ‘S. Tytler‘ Days of Yore II. 219 Mrs. Hoy was salting Elspa's butter, and ‘yearning’ her cheese.
1892 Aberdeen Weekly Jrnl. 23 Apr. 3/6 If the whole milk were yearned there might be much butter left in the whey.
1928 S. A. Robertson With Double Tongue 13 His withered chafts wad yirn the milk.
1962 in Sc. National Dict. (1976) X. at Yirn [Angus, Perthshire] Jean cam' in wi' a face 'at wad yearn milk.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2014; most recently modified version published online December 2021).
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