hypertonic solution


solution

 [so-loo´shun] 1. a homogeneous mixture of one or more substances (solutes) dispersed molecularly in a sufficient quantity of dissolving medium (solvent). 2. in pharmacology, a liquid preparation of one or more soluble chemical substances, which are usually dissolved in water. For names of specific solutions, see under the name.3. the process of dissolving or disrupting.4. a loosening or separation.
Preparation of Solutions. Formula for preparing solutions from a pure drug:
For example, to prepare 2000 mL of a 2 per cent solution from boric acid crystals, the proportion would be
Formula for preparing solutions from stock solutions:
For example, to prepare 1000 mL of a 2 per cent solution from a 4 per cent stock solution, the proportion would be aqueous solution one in which water is used as the solvent.BCG solution an aqueous suspension of bacille Calmette-Guérin for instillation into the bladder to activate the immune system in treatment of superficial bladder cancers. It reduces the risk of a subsequent bladder cancer developing, although the exact mechanism of action is unknown. buffer solution one that resists appreciable change in its hydrogen ion concentration (pH) when acid or alkali is added to it.colloid solution (colloidal solution) imprecise term for colloid (def. 3).hyperbaric solution one having a greater specific gravity than a standard of reference.hypertonic solution one having an osmotic pressure greater than that of a standard of reference.hypobaric solution one having a specific gravity less than that of a standard of reference.hypotonic solution one having an osmotic pressure less than that of a standard of reference.isobaric solution a solution having the same specific gravity as a standard of reference.isotonic solution one having an osmotic pressure the same as that of a standard of reference.molar solution a solution in which each liter contains 1 mole of the dissolved substance; designated 1 M. The concentration of other solutions may be expressed in relation to that of molar solutions as tenth-molar (0.1 M), etc.normal solution a solution in which each liter contains 1 equivalent weight of the dissolved substance; designated 1 N.ophthalmic solution a sterile solution, free from foreign particles, for instillation into the eye.saturated solution one in which the solvent has taken up all of the dissolved substance that it can hold in solution.sclerosing solution one containing an irritant substance (sclerosing agent) that will cause obliteration of a space, as in sclerotherapy.standard solution one that contains in each liter a definitely stated amount of reagent; usually expressed in terms of normality (equivalent weights of solute per liter of solution) or molarity (moles of solute per liter of solution).supersaturated solution an unstable solution containing more of the solute than it can permanently hold.volumetric solution one that contains a specific quantity of solvent per stated unit of volume.

hypertonic solution

A solution having a greater osmotic pressure than that of cells or body fluids; a solution that draws water out of cells, thus inducing plasmolysis.See also: solution

solution, hypertonic 

A solution with an osmotic pressure greater than that of an isotonic solution. Hypertonic ophthalmic solutions cause some stinging when instilled. Examples: sodium chloride 5%: when applied to an oedematous cornea this solution reduces oedema by drawing water from it; sulfacetamide sodium 30%; glycerol (or glycerin), at a dose of 1-1.5 g/kg body weight given as a solution with water or other liquid, which draws water from the eye into the blood and thereby reduces the intraocular pressure. Syn. hyperosmotic agent. See hyperosmotic agent; osmotic pressure; physiological saline.
hypotonic s. A solution with an osmotic pressure lower than that of an isotonic solution. Hypotonic ophthalmic solutions generally cause less irritation than hypertonic ones. See osmotic pressure.
isotonic s. A solution with an osmotic pressure equal to that on the other side of a semipermeable membrane. Example: sodium chloride 0.9% is considered to be approximately isotonic with the tears. See osmotic pressure; physio-logical saline.