passive smoking
passive smoking
pas′sive smok′ing
n.
单词 | passive smoking |
释义 | passive smokingpassive smokingpas′sive smok′ingn. passive smokingpassive smokingpassive smokingpassive smokingA general term for involuntary inhalation of cigarette smoke by nonsmokers, who breathe ambient air containing carcinogens inhaled by an “active” smoker. Passive smoking causes an estimated 2500–8400 excess annual cases of smoking-related malignancy (US). “Mainstream” smoke is directly inhaled by the smoker; “sidestream” environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) is produced by the smoker but absorbed more readily by nonsmokers, who do not have the benefit of a fiiter. Physical space separation allows significant reduction in exposure to ETS or by nonsmokers.Passive smokers are exposed to dimethylnitrosamine (a potent carcinogen), benzo(a)pyrene, carbon monoxide (CO), acrolein, arsenic, benzene, cyanide, formaldehyde, nitrosamines, radionuclides and others. Levels of nicotine in passive smoke in unventilated areas may exceed industrial threshold limit levels (> 500 pg/mm3); air zones with CO levels of > 30 ppm cause a passive smoker to have CO blood levels equivalent to having smoked approximatly five cigarettes; prolonged exposure to 30 ppm CO may cause carboxyhaemoglobin levels sufficient to impair visual discrimination and cause psychomotor impairment. passive smokingPublic health Involuntary 'smoking' by non-smokers who breathe ambient air containing carcinogenic inhalants from an 'active' cigarette smoker; PS ↑ platelet activity, accelerates ASHD, ↑ tissue damage in ischemia or acute MI; PS ↓ both cardiac delivery of O2 to the heart and myocardial ability to use O2 to produce ATP, resulting in ↓ exercise capacity in passive smokers, and ↑ risk of fatal and nonfatal cardiac events; exposure to 3 hrs/day of PS is associated with an ↑ in cervical CA; in children, neonates, and fetuses, PS is linked to ↓ pulmonary function, bronchitis, pneumonia, otitis media and middle ear effusions, asthma, lower birth and adult weight and height, SIDS, poor lung–and physical development, and ↑ perinatal mortality–due to placental vascular disease–eg, placenta previa and abruptio placentae, breast CA; ♀ exposed to PS before age 12 had an odds ratio of 4.5; such children are more likely to become smokers and are at ↑ risk for developing CA in a dose-related manner, in all sites 50% higher than expected, and up to two-fold ↑ in NHL, ALL, and Wilms' tumors; PS by children with cystic fibrosis adversely affects growth and health, resulting in ↑ hospital admissions and poor performance in pulmonary function tests. See Conicotine, Environmental tobacco smoke.passive smokingInhaling cigarette smoke exhaled by others. It has been shown that the rate of lung cancer in non-smokers rises significantly if they are regularly exposed to other people's cigarette smoke. At least 10 separate studies have shown an increase of up to 30% in the risk of lung cancer among non-smokers living with smokers, compared with non-smokers living with non-smokers.Patient discussion about passive smokingQ. what is a passive smoking? and is it dangerous as an active? Q. Can I get lung cancer from passive smoking? All my friends smoke, can I get cancer by hanging out with them? Q. what is it a passive smoking? and is it bad as as the active smoking? can i get cancer from it? |
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