| 释义 |
▪ I. denizen, n. and a.|ˈdɛnɪzən|
Forms: 5 deynseyn, -seen, deinseyn, deynesin, 5–6 denesyn, -zen, denysen, -zen, 6 denezan, denisine, denysyn, -cen, 6–7 denisen, -zin, 6–8 denison, -zon, 7 -zan, 6– denizen.
[a. AF. deinzein, denzein, denszein = OF. deinzein, f. AF. deinz, denz, dens, mod.F. dans (:—L. dē intus) within + -ein:—L. -āneus: cf. foreign, forein, L. forāneus.]
A. n.
1. a. A person who dwells within a country, as opposed to foreigners who dwell outside its limits. (In this, the original sense, including and mainly consisting of citizens.) Now rare in lit. sense.
14..Chalmerlain Ayr iii. (Sc. Stat. I), Alswel forreyns as deynseens [tam inhabitantes quam forinseci]. 1488–9Act 4 Hen. VII, c. 23 Coin..conveied into Flaundres..as well by merchauntes straungers as by deynesins. 1628Coke On Litt. 129 a, He that is born within the king's liegeance is called sometime a denizen, quasi deins nee, born within... But many times denizen is taken for an alien born that is infranchised or denizated by letters patent. 1655W. Gurnall Chr. in Arm. i. 53 The Charter of London..is the birth⁓right of its own Denisions, not Strangers. 1664Pennsylv. Archives I. 25 All people shall continue free denizens and enjoy their lands. 1734tr. Rollin's Anc. Hist. I. x. 388 To be a natural denizen of Athens it was necessary to be born of a father and mother both free and Athenians. 1841James Brigand i, The towns of that age and their laborious denizens. 1847Lytton Lucretia 374 The squalid, ill-favoured denizens, lounging before the doors.
b. transf. and fig. An inhabitant, indweller, occupant (of a place, region, etc.). Used of persons, animals, and plants: chiefly poetic or rhetorical.
1474Caxton Chesse ii. iii. C iij, We be not deynseyns in the world but straungers, nor we ben not born in the world for to dwelle and abyde alwey therin, but for to goo and passe thrugh hit. a1711Ken Hymns Evang. Poet. Wks. 1721 I. 11 Bless'd Denizon of Light [an angel]. 1712–4Pope Rape Lock ii. 55 He summons strait his Denizens of air. 1816Scott Antiq. viii, Winged denizens of the crag. 1860Maury Phys. Geog. Sea xix. §806 As if the old denizens of the forest had been felled with an axe.
2. a. By restriction: One who lives habitually in a country but is not a native-born citizen; a foreigner admitted to residence and certain rights in a country; in the law of Great Britain, an alien admitted to citizenship by royal letters patent, but incapable of inheriting, or holding any public office.
[1467in Eng. Gilds (1870) 391 Eny citizen or denysen. Ibid. 393 Yf eny citezen denesyn or foreyn departe out of the seid cite.] 1576Fleming Panopl. Epist. 151 Cæsar had made many that came from Gallia transalpina, free denizens in Rome. 1667E. Chamberlayne St. Gt. Brit. i. (1684) 81 The King by his Prerogative hath Power to Enfranchise an Alien, and make him a Denison. 1719W. Wood Surv. Trade 135 In our Colonies..all Foreigners may be made Denizons for an inconsiderable Charge. 1765Blackstone Comm. I. 374 A Denizen is an alien born, but who has obtained ex donatione regis letters patent to make him an English subject. 1830D'Israeli Chas. I, III. vi. 94 Charles seemed ambitious of making English denizens of every man of genius in Europe. 1873Dixon Two Queens I. iii. iii. 133 Carmeliano, who had become a denizen, was his Latin secretary.
b. fig. One admitted to, or made free of, the privileges of a particular society or fellowship; one who, though not a native, is at home in any region.
1548Udall, etc. Erasm. Par. Matt. v. 36 For they be made denisens in heauen. a1653Gouge Comm. Heb. xi. 21 iii. (1655) 88 Naturalized by Iacob, and made free Denisons of the Church. 1857H. Reed Lect. Eng. Poets II. xiv. 185 He was a denizen of ocean and of lake, of Alpine regions, and of Greek and Italian plains.
c. Used of things: e.g. of foreign words naturalized in a language, etc. In Nat. Hist., A plant or animal believed to have been originally introduced by human agency into a country or district, but which now maintains itself there as if native, without the direct aid of man; cf. colonist 2.
1578Lyte Dodoens v. lviii. 623 Tarragon..was allowed a Denizon in England long before the time of Ruelius writing. a1626Bp. Andrewes Serm. vi. (1661) 148 The word Hypocrite is neither English nor Latin, but as a Denison. 1878Hooker Stud. Flora Pref. 7 To the doubtfully indigenous species I have added Watson's opinion as to whether they are ‘colonists’ or ‘denizens’. a1895Mod. Melilotus officinalis is widely diffused in Great Britain, but is probably only a denizen. 1933Shorter Oxf. Eng. Dict. p. vii, Denizens are borrowings from foreign languages which have acquired full English citizenship, aliens are words that retain their foreign appearance and to some extent their foreign sound. 1934S.P.E. Tract xlii. 35 Most words when first borrowed are aliens, but if they survive they are gradually accommodated to the language which borrows them and become denizens.
B. adj. or attrib.
1483Act 1 Rich. III, c. 9 §1 All merchauntes of the nacion of Italie..not made deinseyn. 1509–10Act 1 Hen. VIII c. 20 §1 Merchaundises of every merchaunt denyseyn and alien. 1580Hollyband Treas. Fr. Tong, Hobeine..the right which the prince hath vpon the goods of a stranger, not Denizen. 1613Sir H. Finch Law (1636) 41 The wife is of the same condition with her husband. Franck if he be free, Denison if he be an Englishman, though she were a nief before, or an alien borne. 1766Entick London IV. 377 This house was..accounted a priory alien till the year 1380, when Richard II..made it denizen.
▪ II. denizen, v.|ˈdɛnɪzən|
[f. prec. n.]
1. trans. To make a denizen; to admit (an alien) to residence and rights of citizenship; to naturalize. Usually fig.
1577B. Googe Heresbach's Husb. Ep. to Rdr. (1586) 3 They [trees, etc.] may in short time be so denisend and made acquainted with our soile, as they will prosper [etc.]. a1631Donne Serm. xxxviii. 364 Can in an instant denizen and naturalize that Soule that was an alien to the Covenant. 1636Heywood Challenge ii. Wks. 1874 V. 21 To have you denison'd in Spaine. a1711Ken Hymnar. Poet. Wks. 1721 II. 132 These rather might be found..Denizon'd in a Star good Days to see. 1832Southey Lett. (1856) IV. 298 The cholera is not a passing evil. It is denizened among us. 1868Lowell Dryden Pr. Wks. (1890) III. 130 note, So few has long been denizened.
2. To furnish with denizens; to people with settlers from another country or district. rare.
Hence ˈdenizened ppl. a.
1556Sir J. Cheke Let. to T. Hoby in Ascham's Scholem. Introd. (Arb.) 5 If the old denisoned wordes could content and ease this neede we wold not boldly venture of vnknown wordes. 1607Chapman Bussy D'Ambois Plays 1873 II. 19 Some new denizond Lord. |