| 释义 |
eleven, a. and n.|ɪˈlɛv(ə)n|
Forms: 1 endleofan, -lufon, -lyfon, -an, ellefne (Northumb. ællefne), 3–4 endlevene, -leve, -luve, 3–5 enleve(n(e, -levyn, (3 enlovene, 4 onlevene), elleve(n(e, -evin, -yven, (3 ællevene, eolleve), 5–7 elevyn, (5 eleivan), aleven, -eaven, -euyn, 5– eleven, (6 Sc. allevin, alewin, 9 dial. ellebn, eleeben, lebn).
[Common Teutonic: OE. ęndleofon corresponds to OFris. andlova, elleva, OS. elleban (MDu. elleven, Du. elf), OHG. einlif (MHG. eilf, Ger. elf), ON. ellifu (Sw. ellifva, elfva, Da. elleve), Goth. ainlif:—OTeut. *ainlif- f. *ain- (shortened from *aino-) one + -lif- of uncertain origin. Outside Teutonic the only analogous form is the Lith. vënó-lika, where -lika (answering in function to Eng. -teen) is the terminal element of all the numerals from 11 to 19.
The OE., OFris., OS., and ON. forms represent a type *ainlifun, app. assimilated to *tehun ten. The theory that the ending is a variant of OTeut. *tehun, Aryan *dekm ten, is now abandoned; some would derive it from the Aryan root *leiq or from *leip (both meaning to leave, to remain) so that eleven would mean ‘one left’ (after counting ten.)]
The cardinal number next after ten, represented by the symbols 11 and xi.
A. adj.
1. In concord with a n. expressed.
c890K. ælfred Bæda v. xviii. (Bosw.) Osred ðæt rice hæfde endleofan wintra. a1000Andreas (Gr.) 664 Næs þær folces ma..Nemne ellefne orettmæcgas. c1000ælfric Gen. xxxii. 22 [Jacob] nam his wif mid hira endlufon sunum. c1325Coer de L. 2725 Onlevene thousand of our meyné. 1382Wyclif Acts i. 26 Mathi..was noumbrid to gidere with enlevene apostlis. 1393Langl. P. Pl. C. iv. 227 Thou hast hanged on myn hals elleuen tymes. c1400Pol. Rel. & L. Poems 216, I have had ther-to lechys aleven, and they gave me medysins all. a1440Sir Degrev. 342 More then enleve mele. 1480Caxton Chron. Eng. cii. 82 And this mysauenture dured enleuen yere and moo. 1552Lyndesay Monarche 4509 The ȝeir of oure Saluatioun Alewin hundreth and sax and fyftie. 1591Horsey Trav. (1857) 188 Aleaven of his..servants. 1594Shakes. Rich. III, iii. vi. 6 Eleuen houres I haue spent to write it ouer. 1664Evelyn Kal. Hort. (1729) 229 Nor the Height above ten or eleven [Feet] at most. 1796Burke Regic. Peace iii. Wks. VIII. 301 Eleven days they had the full use of Bantry Bay. 1887Ruskin in Pall Mall G. 2 Sept. 3/2 Humanity..had reduced itself to see no more than eleven eyes in a peacock's tail.
2. a. With ellipsis of n., which may usually be supplied from the context. the Eleven: sc. disciples; also, a body of executive officers at Athens.
c1205Lay. 14531 Bi tene & bi ælleuene [c 1275 enlouene]. c1275O.E. Misc. 55 He seyde to his apostles . hi weren elleouene. 1297R. Glouc. (1724) 298 In þe þousend ȝer of grace, and endleuene þerto. a1300Cursor M. 4119 An was eildest o þe elleuen. 1387Trevisa Higden (Rolls) I. 343 Sex score and enleuene. 1591Garrard Art Warre 130 When they passe a leven or twelve they are not to be accompted an aray. 1611Bible Luke xxiv. 33 And found the eleuen gathered together. 1814Byron Juan i. xlix, At six a charming child, and at eleven With all the promise of as fine a face. 1849Grote Hist. Greece V. ii. lxii. 427 They were handed over to the magistrates called the Eleven.
b. esp. sc. hours: as eleven o'clock, etc.
1548Udall, etc., Erasm. Par. Matt. xx. 6 About a leuen of the clocke. 1602Shakes. Ham. i. ii. 252 Vpon the Platforme twixt eleuen and twelue Ile visit you. 1759Compl. Letter-Writer (ed. 6) 227 The Ball continued its Briskness and vivacity..'till about Eleven. 1803R. Anderson Cumbrld. Ball. 67 When the clock strack eleeben.
c. eleven o'clock (dial. and formerly in U.S.A.), eleven hours (Sc.), a refreshment or slight repast taken at about eleven o'clock.
1805A. Scott Poems (1808) 120 At length, 'le'en hour's time brought the dame. 1808Jamieson, Eleven-hours, a luncheon; so called from the time that labourers or children get their meridian. 1845S. Judd Margaret ii. i. 214 Men and boys were seen going to the tavern for their eleven o'clock. 1898‘S. Tytler’ Mrs. Carmichael's Goddesses xv. 183, I was trying my 'prentice hand at sawing and hammering and polishing till my ‘leven hours’. 1900Eng. Dial. Dict. II. 247/2 Eleven hours,—o'clock or o'clocks.
B. as n.
1. The abstract number eleven.
1398Trevisa Barth. De P.R. ix. iv. (1495) 349 Thryes enleuen makyth thre and thyrty. 1547Boorde Introd. Knowl. 123 Nyne, ten, aleuyn, twelue.
2. A set of eleven persons; esp. a set of eleven players forming ‘a side’ at cricket or football.
1743in T. Waghorn Cricket Scores (1899) 30 The above match was played in the Artillery Ground between the above elevens. c1800in Etoniana v. 95 The eleven of football and the eleven of cricket. 1885Truth 28 May 836/2 Such a county should..produce a few bowlers to maintain the credit of its eleven.
†3. In phrase, by the elevens! (of uncertain origin). Obs.
1773Goldsm. Stoops to Conq. ii. i, By the Elevens, my place is gone quite out of my head.
C. Comb., as elevenfold adj. and adv.; elevenpenny, comb. form of eleven pence, as in elevenpenny bit, formerly, in the U.S., a coin of the value of twelve and a half cents; = levy n.2; eleven-plus, the age (between 11 and 12) at which pupils leave primary schools; also, an examination taken at the same stage before entering one of the various types of secondary schools; eleven-pointer, a stag whose horns show eleven points. Also eleven-o'-clock (see A. 2 b) used attrib. or as adj. in eleven-o'-clock lady, eleven-o'-clock wind (see quots.).
1557Recorde Whetst. B ij, Vndecupla 11 to 1: 22 to 2: 33 to 3, aleuenfolde. 1803E. L. Peel in Longm. Mag. Nov. 74 A grand eleven-pointer..standing out alone. 1807C. W. Janson Stranger in Amer. xiv. 186 Beggars will also stipulate with you as to the sum they expect to be given them—they will name a quarter of a dollar, a nine-penny or eleven penny bit. 1826New-Harmony Gaz. 3 May 256/2 (Th.), There were many poor people that would have made the shirts for three elevenpenny bits apiece. 1859[see levy n.2]. 1879Prior Plant-n., Eleven o'clock lady, Fr. dame d'onze heures, from its waking up and opening its eyes so late in the day; the star of Bethlehem (Ornithogalum umbellatum, L.). 1888Pall Mall G. 9 July 8/2 A..stiff breeze..called ‘eleven o'clock wind’..that is to say, supposing the target to be marked like the dial of a clock, the wind would blow..in the direction of the figure 11. 1891Kipling Light that Failed ix. 182 The one-and-elevenpenny umbrella. 1937E. Garnett Family from One End Street iii. 27 The age known in state educational circles as ‘eleven-plus’ (that year of destiny for all elementary school children with any ambition). 1945Lancet 30 June 823/1 A universal age of entry at 11+ and a leaving age of 16 will go far. 1957Listener 21 Nov. 853/2 The so-called eleven plus examination. Ibid., The most helpful book that has so far appeared on ‘eleven plus’. 1958Economist 12 Apr. 99/1 Labour..turns to the Rent Act, the block grant, the ‘iniquitous eleven-plus’. 1959I. & P. Opie Lore & Lang. Schoolch. xi. 227 They [sc. children] are particularly conscientious about bringing charms to the 11-plus examination, the ‘scholarship’ as they call it, which determines whether they shall go on to a grammar school or to a secondary modern.
Hence eˈlevens (dial.), an eleven-o'-clock meal, a luncheon.
1849W. & H. Raynbird Agric. Suffolk vi. 296 The name ‘fourzes’ and ‘elevens’, given to these short periods of rest and refreshment, show when taken. 1865W. White E. Eng. II. 197, ‘I commonly has a drop [of ale] for my elevens; but I can manage a pint o' a'ternoons besides.’ |