| 释义 |
▪ I. transverse, a. (n., adv., prep.)|trɑːnsˈvɜːs, træns-, ˈtrɑːnsvəs, ˈtræns-, -nz-|
[ad. L. transvers-us turned or directed across, pa. pple. of transvertĕre: see transvert. Cf. F. transverse (16th c.).]
A. adj.
1. a. Lying across; situated or lying crosswise or athwart; esp. situated or extending across the length of something, spec. at right angles (opp. to longitudinal). Also const. to.
1621Burton Anat. Mel. i. i. ii. iii, Fibræ are strings, white and solide, dispersed through the whole member, and are right, oblique, transuerse, all which haue their seuerall vses. a1687Petty Treat. Naval Philos. i. i, Three perpendicular length-way sections..and..a transverse section of the Hull. 1784Cowper Task i. 561 A kettle slung Between two poles upon a stick transverse. 1815W. Shepherd, etc. Syst. Educ. (1822) II. 112 The influence is not exerted in a direction parallel to the wire through which the electricity passes but in a direction transverse to it. 1855H. Spencer Princ. Psychol. (1872) II. vi. ii. 7 In similar masses of matter which are subject..to the transverse strain, the power of resistance varies. 1870F. R. Wilson Ch. Lindisf. 64 A transverse set of pews in the Chancel.
b. Her. Crossing the escutcheon from one side to the opposite one. (Cf. quot. 1610 in D.)
c1828Berry Encycl. Her. I. Gloss., Transverse, and Transverse in point, to the dexter and sinister.
c. In a bivalve shell: Of greater breadth than length or height; having the longer diameter transverse to the hinge.
1822J. Parkinson Outl. Oryctol. 180 A transverse bivalve.
d. In special collocations:
transverse alliteration, in the early verse of some Germanic languages, alliteration of the patterns abab or baab (the usage of scholars varies somewhat); transverse artery Anat., one of the small branches given off at nearly right angles from the basilar; transverse axis, (a) an axis transverse to the main axis, as in a crystal; (b) Geom., the axis passing through the foci of a conic section (in an ellipse, the major axis): see axis1 7; transverse bone Zool.: in some reptiles, a bone connecting the pterygoid and maxilla; transverse colon Anat. (see colon1); transverse fissure Anat., (a) the cleft below the hemispheres of the brain into which the pia mater extends to form the velum interpositum and choroid plexuses; (b) a short transverse cleft on the lower surface of the left lobe of the liver; transverse flute: see flute n.1 1; (now the usual name when specification is required; see also cross-flute s.v. cross B, German flute s.v. German a.2 4, Querflöte 1, traverso, etc.); transverse ligament, part of the cotyloid ligament; transverse magnet, a magnet formed by a combination of bar-magnets so that its poles are at the sides, not at the ends; transverse magnetism, magnetization, magnetization at right angles to the length of the bar; transverse Mercator, the name of a map projection obtained like the Mercator but with the globe turned through 90 degrees relative to the cylinder, so that the great circle where they meet is a pair of meridians rather than the equator; transverse muscle Anat., any one of various muscles extending across other parts; transverse myelitis Path., myelitis which extends across a section of the spinal cord; transverse process, a lateral process of a vertebra; transverse sinus, a simple network of veins connecting the two inferior petrosal sinuses; transverse suture, the suture between the frontal and facial bones; transverse vein Entom., any one of the several short veins of the wings of an insect, connecting two longitudinal ones.
1900O. F. Emerson in Jrnl. Eng. & Gmc. Philol. III. 127 (heading) *Transverse alliteration in Teutonic poetry. 1920R. J. Menner Purity p. lvi, Transverse alliteration—abab—appears in 515 For I se wel þat hit is sothe þat alle mannez wyttez. 1942J. C. Pope Rhythm of Beowulf 154 Transverse alliteration occurs once with the whole-line pattern bx/ax/ax/bx. 1949P. F. Baum in Mod. Philol. XLVI. 146 The most interesting of these minor variations is the crossed or transverse alliteration ab ab.
1857Dunglison Med. Lex. 926/2 *Transverse artery of the face, arises from the temporal, passes transversely across the face..and gives its branches to the different muscles of the cheek.
1704J. Harris Lex. Techn. I. s.v. Latus Transversum, The longest Diameter in the Ellipsis, which Apollonius calls the *Transverse Axis, or Diameter. 1878Bell Gegenbaur's Comp. Anat. 59 The other connects the sides of the body, and is the transverse axis.
1879Grove Dict. Mus. I. 536/1 It is held obliquely towards the right side of the player, like the modern *transverse flute. 1959,1976[see Querflöte 1]. 1980Early Music July 313/1 Byzantine musical culture decisively influenced much of the corpus of musical instruments, including..the organ, transverse flute and the bowed instruments.
1840E. Wilson Anat. Vade M. (1842) 101 The *transverse ligament is a strong ligamentous band.
1921Deetz & Adams Elem. Map Projection 104 In latitudes above 60° where the meridional parts of a Mercator projection increase rather rapidly, charts covering considerable area may be constructed..on..a *transverse Mercator, if the locality has predominating north-and-south dimensions. 1969[see national grid 2]. 1974Encycl. Brit. Macropædia XI. 476/1 Among the variations of cylindrical projections is the Transverse Mercator, in which the axis of the cylinder is parallel to the Equator, a treatment which has advantages in drawing maps that are long in the north-south direction.
1696Phillips (ed. 5), *Transverse Muscles, the first pair shew themselves with a Membranous beginning, at the *Transverse Processes of the Vertebra of the Loyns.
1879N.Y. Med. Jrnl. XXX. 387 (heading) *Transverse myelitis. 1903Tubby & Jones Mod. Methods in Surg. Paralysis i. 33 Transverse myelitis in adults is more likely to be confused with the rare condition of poliomyelitis. 1964J. J. Walsh Understanding Paraplegia iii. 16 Approximately 30% of the patients at the National Spinal Injuries Centre develop paraplegia from causes other than injury. Of these a proportion result from infections of various kinds, and are usually grouped under the heading of ‘myelitis’ or ‘transverse myelitis’.
1696*Transverse process [see transverse muscle]. 1840E. Wilson Anat. Vade M. (1842) 8 The transverse processes project one at each side from the laminæ of the vertebra.
Ibid. 341 The *Transverse sinus passes transversely across the basilar process of the occipital bone.
1741Monro Anat. (ed. 3) 75 The *Transverse Suture runs quite cross the Face, from the external Canthus of one Orbit to the same Place of the other. 1860Mayne Expos. Lex., Transverse Suture,..a suture which passes across the face, sinks down into the orbits, joining the bones of the skull to those of the face.
†2. Of kindred: Collateral, as between brothers, cousins-german, etc. Obs. rare.
1614Selden Titles Hon. Pref. B iv, A Monster, that is not like him that got him, nor any other of the ascending or transuerse line. 1651G. W. tr. Cowel's Inst. 154 This Discent ought to be to the next Heirs, Males or Females, in a direct or transverse line. 1660Jer. Taylor Duct. Dubit. ii. iii. rule iii. §9. 401 The Grand Parent of a Family; from whom the direct descendants are for ever to be reckon'd to the Kinred in the strait and proper line: but when once it goes to the transverse and collateral, they not onely have no title to the inheritance, but [etc.].
3. In combination with other adjs. (Entom.): transverse-cubital, -medial adjs. = transverso-cubital, -medial; transverse-quadrate a., quadrate with the transverse diameter the longer.
1840tr. Cuvier's Anim. Kingd. 528 Having the thorax transverse-quadrate.
B. n. [The adj. used absol.]
1. Something that is transverse: spec.
†a. A cross or transverse part or member. Obs. rare.
†b. Fortif. ? = traverse n. 16. Obs. rare.
c. The transverse axis of a conic section.
d. See quot. 1867.
e. A transverse muscle.
f. Arch. (See quot. 1842–76.)
g. The sprocket axle of a chain-driven motor-car. h. Roulette = transversal B. 3.
a.a1633Austin Medit. (1635) 108 The Transverse of the Crosse..is held to have bin a peece, much about that length. 1634Bp. Hall Contempl., N.T. iv. Crucifixion, Having fastened the transverse to the body of that fatal tree.
b.1704J. Harris Lex. Techn. I, Transverse, in Fortification, is a little Trench bordered with two Parapets..which the Besiegers make quite thwart the Moat of the Place, to pass secure from Flank-shot, and to bring the Miners to the Bastions.
c.1743Emerson Fluxions 244 Let the Transverse of the Ellipsis = 2r, Conjugate = 2c.
d.1867Thomson & Tait Nat. Phil. I. i. §120 Mark a line..along its length, such that it shall be a straight line parallel to the axis... A line drawn from any point of the axis perpendicular to this side line of reference, is called the transverse of the rod at this point.
f.1842–76Gwilt Archit. Gloss. s.v. Chambranle, The top of a three-sided chambranle is called the transverse, and the sides ascendants.
g.1907Westm. Gaz. 22 Nov. 10/1 Their manufactures include live axles of various types and sizes, transverses, change-speed and brake levers [etc.].
h.1899Scribner's Mag. XXV. 90/1 He placed eight louis on the number nineteen, and 1,200 francs on the line between nineteen and twenty-two, thus playing the ‘transverse’.
†2. by transverse [L. per transversum], in a transverse position, crosswise; athwart. Obs. rare.
1596Spenser F.Q. vii. Mutability vii. lvi, Nothing doth firme and permanent appeare, But all things tost and turned by transverse.
C. adv. In a transverse direction or position; transversely, across, athwart. Now rare or poet.
1660R. Coke Justice Vind. 41 When they are cut transverse, they are cut to right angles. 1671Milton Samson 209 These two proportiond ill drove me transverse. 1726Leoni Alberti's Archit. I. 51/2 Beams across from one Wall to the other..are Columns laid transverse. 1798Bloomfield Farmer's Boy, Spring 93 And o'er the whole Giles once transverse again, In earth's moist bosom buries up the grain.
†D. prep. Across, athwart. Obs. rare.
1607Topsell Four-f. Beasts (1658) 161 One of them descendeth, and goeth down into the Ditch, and standeth transverse or crosse the same. 1610J. Guillim Heraldry iii. xxii. 166 All Fishes being borne Transuerse the Escocheon must in blazon be termed Naiant.
▪ II. transverse, v.1 Now rare.|trɑːnsˈvɜːs, træns-, -nz-|
[a. OF. transverser (13th c. in Godef.) = med.L. transvers-āre (Du Cange) to cross, f. L. transvers-, ppl. stem of transvertĕre: see transvert.]
1. trans. To pass or lie athwart or across; to cross, traverse. rare.
1430–40Lydg. Bochas ix. x. (MS. Bodl. 263) 417/1 Ther shon wer..Richeli transuersed with gold weer. 1545T. Raynalde Byrth Mankynde 7 In Latin: musculi transuersi: Bycause they transuerse or ouerthwart the belly. 1873Mivart Elem. Anat. x. 413 The internal carotid transverses the petrous part of the temporal bone.
†b. fig. To act or speak in opposition to; to cross, thwart; in Law = traverse v. 12. Obs.
1387–8T. Usk Test. Love i. ii. (Skeat) l. 195, I trowe the strongest and the best that maie bee founde, woll not transuers thy wordes. 1628Sir S. D'Ewes Jrnl. (1783) 45 He was presentlie transversed and over-ruled by his flatterers. 1704J. Harris Lex. Techn. I. s.v., To transverse an Indictment, is to take Issue upon the chief Matter, and to contradict or deny some Point of it. 1769R. Cumberland Brothers ii. ii, That perverse hussey..threatens to transverse all my hopes.
†c. intr. fig. To go across or athwart; to run counter; to transgress against. Obs. rare.
1377Langl. P. Pl. B. xii. 284 Ac trewth þat trespassed neuere, ne transuersed aȝeines his lawe. 1393Ibid. C. iv. 449 And ho so takeþ aȝen treuthe oþer transuerseþ aȝens reson Leaute shal do hym lawe.
2. trans. To turn upside down or backwards; to overturn, turn topsy-turvy. Now rare or Obs.
c1520Barclay Jugurth (1557) 18 As if thei wer belies of ships transversed or turned vp set downe. 1643Howell Parables on Times Ep. Ded. 2 These sad confusions which have so unhing'd, distorted, transvers'd, tumbled and dislocated all things. 1738Whitefield in Life & Jrnls. (1756) 50, I could not but transverse the Prodigal's Complaint: How many are ready to perish with hunger, whilst I have enough and to spare. 1859G. Meredith R. Feverel xiv, In love, it is said, all stratagems are fair, and many little ladies transverse the axiom by applying it to discover the secrets of their friends.
b. To convert into something different; to alter, transform. (Cf. transverse v.2)
1687Prior & Montagu (title) The Hind and the Panther Transvers'd To the Story of The Country-Mouse and the City-Mouse. c1700Sir J. Montague in N. & Q. 7th Ser. (1889) VIII. 430/1 Making several essays to transverse..other parts of the poem. 1702Modesty Mistaken 5 Having transvers'd the two famous Lines of Sir J. Denham to the scandal of Bottled Ale.
Hence transˈversed ppl. a., placed crosswise, crossing, transverse.
a1711Ken Hymnotheo Po. Wks. 1721 III. 85 His heav'nly Banner..Wrought with direct and with transversed Rays.
▪ III. transˈverse, v.2
[f. trans- 2 + verse n.; cf. transprose. (Orig. as a kind of pun or play on prec.)]
trans. To turn into verse; to translate or render in verse.
[1671Villiers (Dk. Buckhm.) Rehearsal i. (Arb.) 31, I take a Book in my hand..if there be any Wit in't,..I Transverse it; that is, if it be Prose, put it into Verse.., if it be Verse, put it into Prose.] 1672[H. Stubbe] Rosemary & Bayes 2 To pilfer from other men; and if they write in prose, he doth trans-verse them. 1732Fielding Debauchees Prol. 10 Old worn-out Jokes..Transvers'd from Prose, perhaps transpros'd from Rhimes. 1881Saintsbury Dryden viii. 159 Having taken the fancy to transverse some Arthurian stories. |