| 释义 |
hard ˈup, advb. and adj. phr. (n.)
1. adv. Naut. Said of the tiller when it is put as far as possible to windward, so as to turn the ship's head away from the wind. (Usually as a command.)
1612Dekker If it be not good Wks. 1873 III. 293 Whoes at Helme? beare vp hard: and hard vp. 1840R. H. Dana Bef. Mast xxxi. 117 ‘Ice on the lee bow!’ ‘Hard up the helm!’ 1875Bedford Sailor's Pock. Bk. x. (ed. 2) 354 Hard up the helm, la barre au vent.
2. adj. Hard put to it; in difficulties; in want, esp. of money; in destitution. hard up for, sorely at a loss for. colloq. (of slang origin).
1821D. Haggart Life 104 (Farmer) There I met in with two Edinburgh snibs, who were hard up. 1840De Quincey Style iv. Wks. 1860 XI. 322 As hard up for water as the Mecca caravan. 1852Dickens Bleak Ho. xi, He was in want of copying work to do, and was..hard up! 1886J. K. Jerome Idle Thoughts 2 You don't feel nearly so hard up with elevenpence in your pocket as you do with a shilling. 1889Besant All in a Garden Fair ii. ii, Every man in England who was hard up or had a hard-up friend.
3. n. (See quots.)
1851Mayhew Lond. Labour I. 3/2 The cigar-end finders, or ‘hard-ups’, as they are called. 1905Daily Chron. 17 May 6/7 In tramp phrase they [sc. cigar and cigarette ends] are known as ‘hard-ups’, and are smoked along the road. 1933‘G. Orwell’ Down & Out xxxii. 236 Hard-up—tobacco made from cigarette ends. 1959Listener 5 Mar. 406/1 We roll a couple of ‘hard-ups’ to smoke. Hard-ups are made of tobacco we collect from cigarette ends.
Hence hard-ˈupness, hard-ˈup(p)ishness. slang and colloq.
1859D. G. Rossetti Let. 23 June (1965) I. 353 As for hardupishness..I have been literally penniless for two days. 1870Sala Dickens 45 The occasional ‘harduppishness’ of a young man striving to attain a position. 1876Hindley Adv. Cheap Jack (Farmer), There were frequent..collapses from death or hard-upness. 1882Times 13 Mar. 11 Enough to account for the general ‘hard-uppishness’, as it has been called. 1888McCarthy & Praed Ladies' Gallery II. i. 8 My old familiar condition of hard-up-ness. |