| 释义 |
▪ I. upstart, n. and a.|ˈʌpstɑːt|
[up- 2, 3.]
A. n.
1. One who has newly or suddenly risen in position or importance; a new-comer in respect of rank or consequence; a parvenu; = start-up ppl. a. and n.1 1.
1555Instit. Gentl. C iiij b, These gentlemen are nowe called vpstartes, a terme lately inuented by such as pondered not y⊇ groundes of honest meanes of rising or commyng to promocion. 1577B. Googe Heresbach's Husb. i. 46 b, The newe vpstart; that takes vpon him the name of a gentleman. 1592Greene Vpst. Courtier B 4, Mary gyp goodman vp⁓start, who made your father a gentleman? 1641Milton Reform. ii. 74 Then shall the Nobles possesse all the Dignities..without the improper mixture of Scholastick and pusillanimous upstarts. 1691Hartcliffe Virtues 39 An Upstart was to bear himself otherwise in his Petition, than..an ancient Nobleman. 1747Richardson Clarissa (1768) I. xl. 270 None but the prosperous upstart Mushroom'd into rank..was arrogantly proud of it. 1777J. Adams Fam. Lett. (1876) 307 There are rascally upstarts in trade, I doubt not, who have made great fortunes in a small period. 1825Macaulay Ess., Milton ⁋43 Gods..compared with whom Jupiter himself was a stripling and an upstart. 1858Froude Hist. Eng. III. xiii. 167 The Duke of Norfolk..disdained the dictation of an unknown upstart. 1888Bryce Amer. Commw. III. lxxxvii. 161 The Greeks thought that the old families ruled their households more gently than upstarts did.
transf.1613Purchas Pilgrim. (1614) 319 If it seeme strange, that the Turkish Religion (a newer vpstart) be declared before those former. 1647N. Bacon Disc. Govt. Eng. i. xlvii. 123 The Empire perceiving..the youthfull courage of this upstart, was glad to enter mutuall league with it. 1791Cowper Yardley Oak 134 Yonder upstarts of the neighb'ring wood, So much thy juniors. 1834Tracts for Times No. 29. 5 All the meetings [= Dissenting sects] are..in one sense, upstarts.
2.
†a. An upward start or spring. Obs. exc. poet.
1645Rutherford Tryal & Tri. Faith vi. 43 The upstarts and boylings of corruption and the flesh that are mixed with our Prayers. 1923[see round-barred s.v. round a. 16 a].
b. dial. (See quot.)
a1825Forby Voc. E. Anglia, Upstart, the deep impression of a horse's foot in a clayey soil, soon filled up with water, which, when another horse happens to tread in the very same place, starts upwards and plentifully bespatters the rider.
c. Gymnastics. On the horizontal, parallel, or asymmetric bars: a series of movements by which the gymnast swings to a position with the body supported by the arms above the bar, esp. at the start of a routine.
1909A. Moss Horizontal Bar Exercises 22 Upstart. Stand about three feet from the bar, then jump and catch it..force the legs well to the front with a swing, and bring them to the bar. Kick them outwards and downwards; at the same time pull, so that you rise above the bar. 1931E. Linklater Juan in Amer. iii. v. 246 Saturdays were more strenuously occupied with up-starts, long arm balancing, vaulting, and similar exercises. 1956Kunzle & Thomas Freestanding v. 58 Agility. This group of movements includes the upstarts, headspring and handspring. 1972P. Prestidge Women's Gymnastics for Performer & Coach viii. 55 The upstart..is one of the most important movements for the gymnast to master, for a complete routine cannot be composed without upstarts.
†3. Upspring, origin. Obs.—1
1669Penn No Cross xi. (1682) 219 All Men and Families..have had their Upstarts, that is, their Beginnings.
4. Sc. A stick forming a support for a thatched roof. ? Obs.
1811W. Aiton View Agric. Ayrs. 114 (Jam.), Over these were hung sticks..called cabbers; and smaller ones set on the top of the wall were termed upstarts.
5. The meadow-saffron, Colchicum Autumnale.
1852E. Hamilton Flora Homœopath. I. 199 Common Meadow Saffron, Tuber Root,..Upstart. 1863Prior Plant-n. 232 Upstart, from its flowers starting up suddenly from the ground without putting out leaves first.
B. adj.
1. a. Of things: Lately come into existence or notice; new-fangled.
1565Stapleton Fortr. Faith 9 The grounde and foundation of all your vpsterte ghospell. Ibid. 94 Their small secret, and late vpstert congregation. 1593Bilson Govt. Christ's Ch. 286 This up-start fansie is far from God's ordinance. 1607J. Norden Surv. Dial. i. 18 Surveying..is an upstart arte found out of late. 1654H. L'Estrange Chas. I (1655) 5 Not daring to infuse into so solid a judgement their up⁓start and erroneous fancies. 1697J. Potter Antiq. Greece i. iv. 19 All their Laws were repeal'd, and the upstart Form of Government utterly dissolv'd. 1720Swift Right of Precedence 23 Physick is as old as the Occasion of it;..which can by no means be said of the other, in comparison, Upstart Profession. 1772Priestley Inst. Relig. (1782) II. 62 Christianity was despised as..an upstart thing. 1851Hawthorne Twice-told T. i, Now, the old aristocratic edifice hides its time-worn visage behind an upstart modern building. 1878R. B. Smith Carthage 365 The upstart naval power of Rome in the West.
b. Characteristic of upstarts.
a1593Marlowe Edw. II, i. iv. 336 Think you that we can brooke this vpstart pride? 1603B. Jonson Sejanus v. viii, It is a note Of vpstart greatnesse, to..watch For these poore trifles. 1665Manley Grotius' Low C. Wars 687 His Death was..rejoyced at by those who envyed his new and upstart Rising. 1727Gay Fables i. xxiv, How insolent is upstart pride! 1788Gibbon Decl. & F. xlvii. IV. 550 He dreaded their upstart ambition. 1817Cobbett Pol. Reg. 25 Jan. 99 The upstart pride of those who call themselves the gentlefolk of Manchester. 1822Hazlitt Table-t. Ser. ii. iv. 66, I do not desire to be driven out of my conclusions..merely to make way for his upstart pretensions.
2. Of persons, families, etc.: Lately or suddenly risen to prominence or dignity.
1566Stapleton Ret. Untr. Jewel i. 8 Your late vpstert masters of Germany and Geneua. 1586J. Ferne Blaz. Gentrie 260 He will..passe vp and downe the streates of London in a side gowne, like vnto some newe vp-start Legist. 1615Crooke Body of Man 88 It is more safe to side with the old Legions led by Galen,..then with new and vpstart Nouices. 1665Manley Grotius' Low C. Wars 383 The Covenants..were found fault with by malitious and upstart People. 1687Dryden Hind & P. i. 175 Some Authors thus his Pedigree will trace, But others write him of an upstart Race. 1740Richardson Pamela (1824) I. 123 Ours is no upstart family; but is as ancient as the best in the kingdom. 1791Burke App. Whigs Wks. VI. 19 Scorn and contumely of their upstart masters. 1836Thirlwall Greece II. xiii. 166 An obscure and upstart race of shepherds. 1879Tourgee Fool's Err. xxxviii. 271 When reproved..by an upstart superior, he had the boldness [etc.].
†3. Rising on end. Obs.—1
1590Spenser F.Q. iii. x. 54 He..ran away,..With vp⁓start haire, and staring eyes dismay.
Hence ˈupstartism, ˈupstartness. nonce-wds.
1838Blackw. Mag. XLIII. 311 That spirit of upstartness which..characterises all French youth. 1881Nat. Rev. Oct. 406 These latter [ballads] are all broad satires on up⁓startism.
▪ II. upˈstart, v.
[up- 4.]
1. intr. To start or spring up: esp., of persons, to spring to one's feet. Also fig.
With the earlier unhyphened examples, cf. up adv.1 5 c.
1303R. Brunne Handl. Synne 5601 Þys man vp sterte, and toke þe gate. c1386Chaucer Wife's T. 190 (Lansd. MS.), Wiþ þat worde vpstert [v.rr. vp sterte, vp stirte] þis olde wif. c1400Tourn. Tottenham iv, Upsterte the gadlyngs with thaire lang staues. 1412–20Lydg. Chron. Troy iv. 919 Anoon Dispeir in a rage vp-sterte And cruelly cauȝte hym by þe herte. a1529Skelton Col. Cloute 646 Sodaynly vpstarte From the donge carte, The mattocke and the shule, To reygne and to rule. 1554in Strype Eccl. Mem. (1721) III. 139 The suffragan..upstert to the Pulpit. 1590Spenser F.Q. i. i. 16 Their dam vpstart, out of her den effraide, And rushed forth. 16022nd Pt. Return Parnass. ii. v. 908 At last he [sc. the hart] vpstarted at the other side of the water. 1700Dryden Ovid's Met. xiii. 3 To these the Master of the sevenfold Shield Upstarted fierce. 1725Pope Odyssey xiv. 569 Upstarted Thoas strait, Andræmon's son. 1816Wordsw. Ode Morn. Gen. Thanksgiving 147 As from a forest-brake Upstarts a glistering snake. 1859Tennyson Merlin & V. 421 The beauteous beast Scared by the noise upstarted at our feet.
b. Of the hair: To rise on end.
1513Douglas æneid iv. vi. 2 Wpstert his hair, the voce stak in his hals. 1563Mirr. Mag. P iv b, While my heares vpstarted with the sight, The teares out streamde.
c. To spring up by growth; to come into existence.
1573Tusser Husb. (1878) 49 Much wetnes..makes thistles a number foorthwith to vpstart. 1581J. Bell Haddon's Answ. Osor. 363 b, As one errour doth commonly engender another: there upstart another whelpe of the same litter. 1875Morris æneid viii. 637 There for the sons of Romulus the sudden war upstarts With Tatius.
d. To rise suddenly into view.
1874R. Buchanan Poet. Wks. I. 4 O wondrous Faces that upstart In this Strange Country. 1880Browning Pan & Luna 22 Peak to base, Upstarted mountains.
2. trans. To cause to start up.
1892R. F. Towndrow Garden 47 Where the moor-hen shyly pushes Into darkness when upstarted. |