| 释义 |
valiant, a. (and n.)|ˈvæljənt|
Forms: α. 4 vaillaunte, vaylaunt, vailant, 5 -aunt, vaillant. β. 4, 6 valliaunt, 5 valya(u)nte, 5–6 valya(u)nt, 6 waly-, valiaunt(e, Sc. valliant, 4– valiant (6–7 valient); 6 valeaunt(e, valeant, Sc. vaill-, wailleant. γ. (Chiefly Sc.) 5–6 vailȝeand, 6 vail(l)-, wailȝeant, -ȝeand, val(l)-, wal(l)ȝeand, -ȝeant, -yeant, -ieȝeand, -ieȝeant, -ieand, etc.
[ad. OF. vailant (-and, AF. vaylant), vaillant (AF. -aunt), pres. pple. of valoir to be of worth:—L. valēre. Cf. It. and Pg. valente, Sp. valiente.
The comparative valianter, superlative valiantest were formerly frequent, the latter occurring occasionally in the 16th and 17th c. in the shortened forms valiaunst, valianst, valienst.]
1. a. Of persons: Stalwart of body, bone, hands.
Prob. with some implication of sense 2. In mod. Sussex dial. the sense of ‘stout, well-built’ is recorded.
1303R. Brunne Handl. Synne 4370 Þys Conred had a seriaunt, A wys man, and of body vaylaunt. 1338― Chron. (1810) 9 So wis he was in dede, of body so valiant. Ibid. 144 Richer kyng is non in þis world bot ȝe, No valianter of bon in Cristendam als he. 1523Ld. Berners Froiss. I. cclxxxiv. 424 Sir Moreau of Fyennes..was a right valyant man of his handes. a1548Hall Chron., Edw. V (1550) v, Antony Wooduile,..a wise, hardy and honourable personage, as valiaunte of handes as politique of counsayll.
†b. valiant beggar, a sturdy beggar. Obs.
1531Dial. on Laws Eng. i. xvi. 27 b, That no man..shuld gyue any almes to any valyant begger that is well able to laboure. 1534Nott. Rec. III. 373 Harberor of valyeant begers and comyn woman. 1569J. Sandford tr. Agrippa's Van. Artes 104 b, The Emperoure made a streicte ordinance touching valiant beggars.
†c. Of things: Strong, firm. Obs.
1542Becon Pathw. Prayer xvii. H iij, For the name of the Lorde is a stronge tower & valeaunt Bulwarke. 1603G. Owen Pembrokeshire viii. (1891) 60 The Wheat and Rie endureth all the winter stormes & forces as a valiant and stout grayne. 1607Topsell Four-f. Beasts 460 A Lyon hath a most valiant and strong head.
†d. Strong in respect of smell or taste. Obs.
1607A. Brewer Lingua iv. iii, This, if your breath be not too valiant, will make you smell as sweet as my lady's dog. a1661Fuller Worthies, Cornwall (1662) i. 194 The scent thereof [i.e. garlic] is somewhat Valiant and Offensive.
2. Having or possessing courage; esp. acting with or showing boldness or bravery in fight or on the field of battle; bold, brave, courageous, stout-hearted.
α1390Gower Conf. II. 56 So that these heraldz on him crie, ‘Vailant, vailant, lo, wher he goth!’ c1400Ywaine & Gaw. 541 Sir Gawayn, knyght vailant. c1450Merlin xxiii. 423 Lepe to horse many a vailaunt knyght. 1474Caxton Chesse iv. v. (1883) 176 And thus is hit of euery man the more vaillant the more honoured.
βc1330R. Brunne Chron. Wace (Rolls) 6952, I haue a broþer, sire Constaunt, God werrour, & man valliaunt. 1338― Chron. (1810) 9 Many tymes on Uttred Bretons bataile souht: Uttred was so valiant, he gaf of þam right nouht. a1400Morte Arth. 299 Of this grett velany I salle be vengede ones On ȝone venemus mene, wyth valiant knyghtes! 1470–85Malory Arthur x. xlii. 482 The good knyghte Semound the valyaunt. a1533Ld. Berners Huon xcii. 296 For he is so noble and so valyaunt that he fereth no man. 1535Coverdale Esther xiii. 9 O Lorde Lorde, thou valeaunt and allmightie kynge. 1578T. Procter Gorg. Gallery M iij b, Wee subiect bee to griefe, eche horror feares The valiaunst harts, when death doth daunt the brest. 1600J. Pory tr. Leo's Africa iv. 233 The inhabitants are valiant and warrelike people. 1634Sir T. Herbert Trav. 199 Crocodiles..cruell and yet valiant. 1676Hobbes Iliad vi. 144 Glaucus.., Than whom a fairer person there was not, Nor valianter in all the Land. 1706Maule Hist. Picts in Misc. Scot. I. 39 He levies a mighty and strong army of the valiantest warriors. 1743Francis tr. Hor., Odes ii. i. 33 Panting with terror, I survey The martial host in dread array, The chiefs, how valiant and how just! 1814Scott Ld. of Isles iv. xviii, It is the foe! Each valiant lord Fling by his bow, and grasp his sword! 1855Macaulay Hist. Eng. xii. III. 204 The Englishry generally respected him as a valiant, skilful, and generous enemy. 1871Freeman Norm. Conq. (1876) IV. 68 In all these castles..William placed trusty and valiant captains.
transf.a1400Morte Arth. 2573 His vesturis ryche, With the valyant blode was verrede alle ouer! 1591Shakes. 1 Hen. VI, iii. i. 171, I gyrt thee with the valiant Sword of Yorke. 1599― Hen. V, iv. iii. 98 Those that leaue their valiant bones in France. 1782Highmore Ramble Coast of Sussex (1873) 19 The beauteous form of woman..graced with..her smiles the feats of valiant Arms.
Comb.1595Locrine ii. iii, There might we see the valiant minded knights, Fetching carreers along the spatious plaines. 1596Shakes. 1 Hen. IV, v. i. 90, I do not thinke a brauer Gentleman, More actiue valiant, or more valiant young,..is now aliue.
γc1470Gol. & Gaw. 243 The king stude..maist vailyeand to se. 1500–20Dunbar Poems lxiii. 7 Men of armes, and vailȝeand knychtis. 1563Winȝet Wks. (S.T.S.) II. 3 The wailȝeant cheiftane of God..Nehemias. 1596Dalrymple tr. Leslie's Hist. Scot. II. 9 In the weiris thay war maist valȝeant, and in peace maist faithfull.
b. Const. of (courage, etc.).
1338R. Brunne Chron. (1810) 298 Knyghtes & sergeantz, noble men fulle couth, Of prowes fulle valiantz. 1538Elyot, Fortis, valyant of corage. 1599Shakes. Hen. V iv. i. 46 A Lad of Life, an Impe of Fame, of Parents good, of Fist most valiant. 1630J. Taylor (Water P.) Jack a Lent Wks. (1630) L 2 b, I wish a plentifull encrease of good appetites and hungry stomackes, that euery one in their calling may proue valiant of their teeth.
c. absol. with the.
1560Bible (Geneva) Judges xxi. 10 Twelue thousand men of the moste valiant. 1585T. Washington tr. Nicholay's Voy. iii. ii. 71 b, [The] most valiant of the valiauntest. a1668Davenant Poems (1672) 335 O harmless Death! whom still the valiant brave. 1718Prior Henry & Emma 80 In Tilts and Turnaments the Valiant strove..to purchase Emma's Love. 1816Wordsw. Ode, 1815, 57 The valiant of this land.
†d. Of material things: Fine, splendid. Obs.
1604Middleton Black Book D iij b, A valiant Buffe Doublet, stuft with Points like a Legge of Mutton with Parslye.
3. Characterized by, performed with, or exhibiting valour or courage; of a valorous character or nature.
c1330R. Brunne Chron. Wace (Rolls) 12576 Schame hit were þat eyþer ȝede Wiþouten bataille or vaillaunte dede. 1500–20Dunbar Poems l. 11 He did full mony valȝeant deid In Roiss, and Murray land. a1533Ld. Berners Huon lv. 188 His barons stode styll to beholde his valyaunt dedes. 1568Grafton Chron. II. 304 Before Winter be past I will enter into Fraunce, in puyssaunt and valyaunt maner. 1600J. Pory tr. Leo's Africa ii. 75 The foresaide captaine with his armie..gaue them such a valiant onset, that the greater part of them was slaine. 1655–60Stanley Hist. Philos. (1687) 750/1 The valiant Exhortation of an old Man..chang'd the minds and fortune of the whole City. 1845Carlyle Cromwell (1871) I. 50 Truly with valiant patient energy..it carried its Petition of Right. 1907Trans. Devon Assoc. 51 The valiant deeds of the great reign of Elizabeth.
†4. Of great worth or merit; worthy. Obs. rare.
1480Caxton Myrr. i. v. (E.E.T.S.) 25 Other philosophres ther were..prudent alle and valyant, seen that they set to fore alle other thynges clergye.
†5. Marked or characterized by the use of strength. Obs.—1
1531Elyot Gov. i. xxvii. (1880) 289 That some be done with extending of myght, and as hit were violently, and that is called valiaunt exercise.
†6. Worth (a specified sum). Also const. in (goods or property). Cf. vail v.1 4. Obs. rare.
1590Reg. Privy Council Scot. IV. 557 The said Thomas is bot ane puir man.., not valiant in substance and guidis ane hundreth pundis. 1603Ibid. VI. 525 All..landit gentlemen, valiant tuentie chalderis of victuall. 1608Middleton Trick to catch Old One i. i, A rich country widow, four hundred a year valiant, in woods, in bullocks, in barns and in rye-stacks.
†b. Sc. As n. Value or worth. Obs.—1
1606Sc. Acts, Jas. VI (1816) IV. 286 The saidis decreittis..may bring þe danger of the ȝeirlie violent proffeittis vpoun the persones,..thairby surmounting often tymes thair haill valient.
†7. Sc. Valid, effective, decisive. Obs.—1
1632Lithgow Trav. iv. 143 Their..definitiue sentence in Lawe or Religion is..absolutely valiant.
8. As n. One who is valiant; a brave or courageous person.
1609Bible (Douay) Jer. xlvi. 9 Get ye up on horses, and in chariots, and let the valiants come forth. 1611Bible 2 Sam. xxi. heading, Foure battels against the Philistines, wherein foure valiants of Dauid slay foure gyants. a1722Sewell Hist. Quakers Pref. (1795) A 4, For the most eminent Valiants among this People in the Beginning were not Men of Note or Learning, tho' of great Courage. 1909Westm. Gaz. 25 May 4/1 Valiants of the wheel who, when they cannot drive, will tramp over the dreary marshes of Turkestan.
Hence † ˈvaliant v. trans., to render valiant.
1628Feltham Resolves i. lxxv. (1647) 231 Sure, Virtue is a Defendress, and valiants the heart of man. |