| 释义 |
▪ I. weathering, vbl. n.|ˈwɛðərɪŋ|
Forms: 1 wæderung, 2 widerung, 4 wedring, weduring, -ynge, widdringe, 4–6 wederyng(e, 5 wedryng(e, weddrynge, wedyrryng, 5–6 wethering(e, -yng(e, 6 wedering, 7 wethring, 6– weathering.
[In sense 1, repr. OE. wederung, f. wed(e)rian (see weather v.); in later uses f. weather v. + -ing1.]
†1.
a. Weather conditions; (good or bad) weather; in nautical use chiefly with reference to the direction and force of the winds. Obs.
a1122O.E. Chron. (Laud MS.) an. 1085, & þæs ilcan ᵹeares wæs swiðe hefelic ᵹear..& swa mycel unᵹelimp on wæderunge swa man naht æðelice ᵹeþencean ne mæᵹ swa stor þunring & læȝt wes. c1175Lamb. Hom. 13 Gif ȝe mine bibode healded þenne sende ic eou rihte widerunge. c1325Poem temp. Edw. II lxxvi, God hath..send wederyng on erthe Cold & unkynde. 1387–8T. Usk Test. Love iii. vii. 74 After suche stormes [in budding-time], how hard is it to avoyde, til efte wedring and yeres han maked her circute cours al about, er any frute be able to be tasted! 1425Rolls of Parlt. IV. 290/1 Grett rayne, and longe abydyng upon the water, be fortune of wederyng or otherwise. c1440Promp. Parv. 519/2 Wederynge, of þe eyre, temperies. a1450Mirk's Festial 284 Ȝe prayen to God forto haue kynde wedryng to all maner of sedys þat ben cast yn þe erthe. c1489Caxton Sonnes of Aymon xxiv. 524 And wyte it, that by fortune of wedryng, they were well eyght monethes vpon the see. c1500Melusine xxvi. 206 That no raynne or other fowll wedryng myght lette þeire entree within the tounne. a1513Fabyan Chron. vii. (1811) 314 By reason of the vnreasonable wederynge, as in y⊇ laste yere fell, y⊇ whete was solde for xv.s. a quarter. 1528R. Copland tr. Rutter of Sea (c 1550) D viij b, The maister and his mariners trimmeth not their sayle as it should be, and ill wethering taketh them in the sea. c1565Sparke in Hakluyt Voy. (1589) 537 He did consider what time he should spend ere he could get so farre to windeward againe, which would haue bene with the weathering which we had 10 or 12 dayes worke.
†b. Propitious or suitable weather. Obs.
1340–70Alex. & Dind. 1 Whan þis weith at his wil weduring hadde, Ful raþe rommede he rydinge þedirre. 1389in Eng. Gilds (1870) 23 We shul preyen..for alle trewe shipmen,..yt godd for his grace yeue hem wederyng and passage. c1400in York Manual (Surtees) 221* Ȝe schulleþ also bidde þat god..suche widdringes vs sende on erþe þat þe fruyt þat is þer inne thriue. c1440Jacob's Well 261 So þou synfull man..excusyst þe, & seyst, I may noȝt kepe þe halyday, for god wil sende no wederyng on þe werkeday. 1532Tindale Expos. Matt. v.-vii. 59 Where the prieste oughte to praye in the mother tounge..for wedering and frutes [etc.]. 1553Becon Reliques of Rome (1563) 236 b, Ye shal pray for al manner of frutes..yt almightye God..maye sende suche wederynges, yt they maye come to the sustenaunce of man.
†c. Stormy weather; also, a storm. So great weathering, strong weathering [cf. F. gros temps]. Obs.
c1450Contin. Brut 482 Þere was such wedryng of thonder, lightnyng, hayll and rayne, þat the peple were sore adredde. c1450Lovelich Grail II. 68 So thanne Cam þere bothe wynd & wedrynge, and fer Into the See it gan hem brynge. 1455Rolls of Parlt. V. 335 Atte all tymes that any Carrik or Galey arryveth by force of Wederynge..in the Portes. 1490Caxton Eneydos xv. 52 The duke Eneas and Dydo fleynge the wedrynge, shalle rendre hemself bothe togydre alle alone. Ibid. 55 Vnto the tyme that the sayde cloudes were well thyk gadred with the stronge wedrynge that surprised them all atones. a1513Fabyan Chron. v. cii. (1811) 76 Both hoostes were so greuously betyn with the sayd tempest and wederynge. Ibid. vii. ccxxiii. 249 In..the .v. daye of October, passynge tempeste of wederynge fell in sondry places of Englonde. 1526in Willis & Clark Cambridge (1886) I. 616 For defense of great wyndes and outragious wetheringes. 1605Stow Ann. 633 On Candlemas euen..was great weathering of wind, hayle, snow, rayne.
2. The action of exposing a hawk to the action of the weather. (Cf. weather v. 1 a.) Also weathering ground.
1575Turberv. Faulconrie 76 He muste remember euery euening to tye out his hawke a weathering. 1677N. Cox Gentl. Recr. ii. (ed. 2) 168 Weathering, is when you air your Hawk in Frost, Sun, or by the Fire-side. 1773J. Campbell Mod. Faulconry 264 Weathering, the setting out of a hawk to take the air. 1855Salvin & Broderick Falconry in Brit. Isles iii. 44 In the morning..they may be..placed upon blocks in the open air, without their hoods; this is called ‘weathering’.
attrib.1635Quarles Embl. v. ix. 5 Ev'n like the Hawlk, (whose keepers wary hands Have made a prisner to her wethring stock). [See stock n.1 19.] 1960M. Woodford Man. Falconry ii. 9 The weathering ground should be a level, well-drained area of short grass protected from the prevailing winds. 1978Country Life 27 July 215/3 Hawking enthusiasts will be delighted to find a well-stocked weathering ground at Kinmount.
3. a. The action of the atmospheric agencies or elements on substances exposed to its influence; the discoloration, disintegration, etc. resulting from this action.
1665J. Webb Stone-Heng (1725) 88 The weathering of so many Centuries of Years. 1757tr. J. F. Henckel's Pyritol. v. 87 The ore on sinter is a plain and easy proof in behalf of a weathering, or a production by damps, rather than by way of streaming. 1774Phil. Trans. LXIV. 489 The miners have called this decaying of the sulphurous ores of copper, iron, and other metals and semi-metals, the weathering of these ores. 1830Lyell Princ. Geol. I. 211 It is snow-white, a description which is very applicable to the newer part of the deposit at San Filippo, where it has not become darkened by weathering. 1845J. Phillips Geol. in Encycl. Metrop. VI. 702/2 The weathering of the surfaces of buildings by the fluctuations of heat and moisture is partly dependent on the structure and composition of the stone. 1856Ruskin Mod. Paint. IV. v. xvii. §2 Now this sculpture by streams, or by gradual weathering, is the finishing work by which Nature brings her mountain forms into the state in which she intends us..to..love them. 1878A. K. Johnston's Africa viii. 94 Hills of red sand formed from the weathering of a ferruginous sandstone of which the plain..is composed. 1888Rutley Rock-Forming Min. 122 Through weathering, the iron..becomes converted into sesquioxide. 1914Moir in Man XIV. 179 The second part of my paper..deals with the ‘weathering out’ of scratches upon flint.
b. The action of the elements (on land, clay, etc.) as a beneficial agency; the state of being pulverized and rendered workable by this action.
1548Latimer Ploughers (1562) 16 And I feare me this land is not yet rype to be plowed. For as the saying is: It lacketh wetheryng: This geare lacketh wethering, at least waye it is not for me to plough.
c. Philol. Phonetic decay. rare.
1870F. A. March Gram. Anglo-Sax. §102 Weathering of Case-endings. Ibid. §226 Weathering of Inflexion Endings.
d. Exposure (of the face or skin) to all kinds of weather.
1887Stevenson Mem. & Portr. vi. 96 His face..was ruddy and stiff with weathering.
4. Naut. The action of passing (an object) on the windward side. Also attrib.
1878D. Kemp Yacht & Boat Sailing 378/2 Weathering.—A relative term used in sailing to define the action of one vessel that is eating to windward of another. 1894Times 30 July 7/3 Britannia had stood far enough out into the English Channel to get weathering distance.
5. Arch. A projecting course on the face of a wall, serving as a ‘drip’ to throw off rain-water; a sloped ‘set off’ of a wall or buttress; the inclination or slope given to a surface in order to prevent the lodgement of water.
1739C. Labelye Piers Westm. Bridge 69 The Sally, or Projection of a Cordon or rustic Cornish..serves also as a Weathering to the Stone-work. 1825J. Nicholson Oper. Mech. 545 The measurer takes a line or tape and begins..at the plinth, then stretching the line to the top, bends it into the offset, or weathering. 1833Loudon Encycl. Archit. §1882 The massive buttress, with its deep weatherings, or water⁓tables between each graduation or stage of the height. 1850Parker Gloss. Archit., Weathering, a slight inclination given to horizontal surfaces, especially in masonry, to prevent water from lodging on them. 1875Brash Eccl. Archit. Irel. 98 The weatherings..were contrived with skill and judgment.
attrib.1886Cheshire Gloss., Weathering course, bricks set out from the wall round the bottom of a chimney, to protect the thatch where it joins the chimney.
▪ II. weathering, ppl. a.|ˈwɛðərɪŋ|
[f. weather v. + -ing2.]
That wears away or disintegrates through the action of the weather.
1855Kingsley Glaucus 21 Syenite usually does so in our damp climate, from the ‘weathering’ effect of frost and rain. 1860Tyndall Glac. i. xxi. 148 The cliffs of the Breithorn are much exposed to weathering action. 1892in A. E. Lee Hist. Columbus (Ohio) I. 676 The uses of the clays derived from the weathering shale are only in their infancy as yet. 1912Hibbert Jrnl. Oct. 106 What we call changing physical objects—weathering hills or ageing suns. |