| 释义 |
▪ I. joist, n.1|dʒɔɪst|
Forms: α. 4 gieste, 4–6 gyste, geste, gyest, 5–6 giste, (5 gyyst), 6 geist, gyst, 6–7 geast(e, 7 geest. β. 7–8 gise (pl. gises, gise, 7 jyce). γ. 5–6 iest(e, 6– 7 ieast, 7 Sc. jest, jeist. δ. 5–6 ioyste, 6–7 ioyst, 7 ioist, 7–8 joyst, 7– joist. ε. 6 ioyse (ioysse), 6–7 ioise, ioyce, 7 ioice (iuice), joyse, 7–8 joyce (pl. joyces, joyce), 8 joice.
[ME. giste, gyste, a. OF. giste, one of the beams supporting a bridge, in mod.F. gîte one of the small beams supporting a platform for artillery, a bed of mineral, etc., f. OF. gesir (mod.F. gésir):—L. jacēre to lie.
The later form joist has parallels in hoise, hoist, foist n.3, and joist n.2 These developments of oi from i are of earlier date than the interchange of |aɪ| and |ɔɪ| in boil, bile, etc., and their phonetic history is as yet obscure.]
1. One of the timbers on which the boards of a floor or the laths of a ceiling are nailed, and which themselves stand on edge parallel to each other stretching horizontally from wall to wall, or resting on supporting beams or girders; also, A timber which similarly supports the floor of a platform, a bridge, or other structure.
In a large floor the main joists (binding joists) are sometimes more widely apart, and are crossed by smaller bridging joists which bear the boards of the floor; in such a case there may be light joists beneath to bear the laths (ceiling joists). See also trimming joist.
α [1294Pat. Roll 22 Edw. I, m. 3 in Calr. 102 Ad voltam vel gistas.] 1379Mem. Ripon (Surtees) III. 100 Pro j gyste pro le flore in clocher—3d. 1448in Willis & Clark Cambridge (1886) II. 8 The Gistes shall be on the one part squar vj inches and on the other part viij inches. 1535Coverdale Jer. xxii. 14 The sylinges and geastes maketh he off Cedre. a1651Calderwood Hist. Kirk (Wodrow Soc.) III. 77 They drew down manie of Alex Clerks geests lying in the street.
β1674Petty Disc. Dupl. Proportion 54 Which saving of stuff is the reason of dividing Plank into Girders, Gise, and Board. Ibid., 17 Gises of 9 inches deep. 1699Boston Rec. (1881) VII. 237 From out side to out side of the Jyce of said Bridge. 1711W. Sutherland Shipbuild. Assist. 42 Which Girder contains but half the Stuff of the 17 Gise.
γ1413–14in Willis & Clark Cambridge (1886) II. 441 Item pro xv Jestys longitudinis xiij ped'. 1581Hull Charterho. Acc. in N. & Q. 6th Ser. VIII. 217/1, 1 ieast, 2 sparres, 1 furdeale. 1673Wedderburn Voc. (Jam.), Tignus, a jest.
δ1494Fabyan Chron. vi. cxcvi. 201 Sodenly the ioystes of the lofte fayled, and the people fell downe. 1523Ld. Berners Froiss. I. cxxv. 150 They came to Poyssey, and founde the brige broken, but the arches and ioystes lay in the ryuer. 1658Rowland Moufet's Theat. Ins. 899 Under the next ceiling between the joysts. 1667Primatt City & C. Build. 78 The fourth being a Cross Joyst or Girder. Ibid. 81 Binding-Joysts with their Trimming-Joysts, thickness five inches, depth equal to their own floors. 1708Swift Baucis & Phil. 58 The kettle to the top was hoist, And there stood fasten'd to a joist. 1823P. Nicholson Pract. Build. 118 When the supporting timbers of a floor are formed by one row laid upon another, the upper row are called bridging joists, and the lower row are called binding joists. 1899R. Kipling Stalky 76 The floor-joists of one room are the ceiling-joists of the room below.
ε1570Levins Manip. 215/46 Ioyse of a house, trabula. 1600J. Pory tr. Leo's Africa ii. 125 The tops of these temples..are made of ioises and planks. 1613Sir R. Boyle in Lismore Papers (1886) I. 23, I recd out of ffrance..20 square Ioyce. 1633T. Stafford Pac. Hib. iii. viii. (1810) 560 To make Ioyces for the platforme. 1663Gerbier Counsel 43 That the Joyses be framed 2½ or three Inches under the top of the Summers. 1703S. Sewall Diary 25 Sept. (1879) II. 89 The Beams and Joyce of the old Hall Floor are laid.
†2. A beam, plank, or deal. Obs.
1375Barbour Bruce xvii. 597 Of gret gestis ane sow thai maid. 1661Sc. Acts Chas. II (1814) VII. 252/2 Jeists of oak ilk tuentie peices.
†3. (See quot. 1598.) Obs.
1502Arnolde Chron. (1811) 85 That the brewars..fill up the vessels after thei be leyde on the gyest. 1552Huloet, Ioysse, whervpon great vessell are couched, or set, incitega. 1598Florio, Rincalzo,..a thing laide vnder a barrell to keepe it from rouling or falling... Some call it a ioyce.
†4. A mass of mineral in its natural bed. (F. gîte.) Obs.
1829Glover's Hist. Derby I. 101 A quantity of very white, striated or fibrous gypsum is dug in the Chellaston pits, in thin beds, called joists.
5. attrib. and Comb., as joist-hole; † joist-tree, a joist, beam.
1566in Peacock Eng. Ch. Furniture (1866) 95 Item the rood lofte sold to Johnne okelye and Robarte harwood and thei haue made a ioyce tree for a chamber. 1886F. Caddy Footst. Jeanne D'Arc 109 The joist holes are also visible.
▪ II. joist (joyest, joyse), n.2
obs. and dial. ff. gist n.2, agistment. [As to the oi from i, see prec.]
1558Nottingham Bor. Rec. (1889) IV. 118 For pyche to merke kye with all, at the first joyest taken in-to the Cow⁓pasture. 1621Naworth Househ. Bk. (Surtees) 158 Rec. of Henry Wilson for joyse cattle at Mosedall, xxli. 1854Jrnl. R. Agric. Soc. XV. i. 234 The farmers keep no sheep, but a man called a ‘joist’ shepherd brings his flock, and has the run of the stubbles and other food.
▪ III. joist, v.1|dʒɔɪst|
Forms: see joist n.1
[f. joist n.1]
trans. a. To furnish with joists. b. To fix on joists.
a1615Brieue Cron. Erlis Ross (1850) 20 He caused to joist and loft the chamber. 1635Brereton Trav. (Chetham Soc.) 95 A fair long gallery joiced, not boarded. 1839Southey in Q. Rev. LXIII. 423 Large holes..in which the several floorings were joisted.
▪ IV. joist, v.2
obs. and dial. f. gist v., to agist.
1601Holland Pliny xxi. x, By joisting and laying in of the said beasts. 1767A. Young Farmer's Lett. to People 238 The common price of joisting a horse is one shilling and six-pence per week in clover. 1851Jrnl. R. Agric. Soc. XII. ii. 408 Many of the labourers keep a cow, or ‘joist’ one upon a neighbouring farmer's land. |