| 释义 |
▪ I. whelk1|hwɛlk|
Forms: α. 1 wioloc, wiloc, wyloc, (2 wilque), 4–5 wylke, 4–8 wilke, 5–9 wilk. β. 7–9 whilk. γ. 1 weoloc, -uc, (2 welche), 2–7 welke, 4–7 welk, 6 wealk. δ. 5–6 whelke, 7– whelk. ε. 5 wolke, 5–6 walke.
[OE. wioloc, weoloc = WFlem. willok, wullok (whence OF. willo): of obscure origin. The unetymological spelling with wh begins in the 15th cent.]
a. A marine gastropod mollusc of the genus Buccinum, having a turbinate shell, esp. B. undatum, common on the European and North American coasts, much used for food.
Also applied, esp. with qualifying word, to molluscs of allied genera, as the hairy or ribbon whelks of the genera Fulgur and Sycotypus, the red whelk (Chrysodomus antiquus), the rough whelk (Urosalpinx cinerea), the dog-whelk of the genus Nassa; see also quots.
αc725Corpus Gloss. (Hessels) C 865 Coccum, wioloc. c875Erfurt Gloss. 267 Coc[h]leas, uuylocas. 1312–13Durham Acc. Rolls (Surtees) 10 In lempetis, Wylkes. c1425Voc. in Wr.-Wülcker 642/6 Hec tortuga, wylke. 1500–20Dunbar Poems lxxxii. 24 At your hie Croce,..thair is bot crudis and milk; And at ȝour Trone bot cokill and wilk. 1565Googe tr. Palingenius' Zodiac vii. A a j, Scallops of the baye, And Wilks, & Irchin eke. 1624Capt. J. Smith Virginia v. 180 One..hid himselfe in the Woods, and liued onely on Wilkes and land Crabs. 1782P. H. Bruce Mem. xii. 424 Their shell-fish are conques, perriwinkles, coneys, sogers, wilkes, etc. 1835Dickens Sk. Boz, Greenwich Fair, Divers specimens of a species of snail (wilks, we think they are called). 1841J. T. J. Hewlett Parish Clerk III. 232 Searching for..wilks, periwinkles, and other shellfish.
β1668Charleton Onomast. 182 Cochleæ, Sea-Snails, Whilks, or Porwinkles, & Periwinkles. 1713Tyldesley Diary (1873) 79 Cos Tom Carus and his lady supd with us on whilkes in the shell. 1773Johnson Let. to Mrs. Thrale 30 Sept., Muscles and whilks in their natural state. 1823E. Moor Suffolk Words, Whilk or Whelk.
γc900tr. Bæda's Hist. i. i. (1890) 26 Her beoð swyþe ᵹenihtsume weolocas, of þam bið ᵹeweorht se weolocreada tælgh. c1050in Wr.-Wülcker 293/25 Coclea, weoluc. c1170Marie de France Fables xii. 3 Une welke [v. rr. welche, wilque] truva entiere. 1290in Archaeologia XV. 352 Pro ij lampred' iijs pro welkes vid. 13..Liber Albus (Rolls) I. 244 Oysters, welkes, muskeles ou soel. 1339Little Red Bk. Bristol (1900) II. 23/1 De anguillis, ostriis, conchiris, welkes, floundris et aliis quibuscunque minutis piscibus venalibus. c1420Liber Cocorum (1862) 17 Take welkes and wasshe fayre. 1555Eden Decades (Arb.) 237 The shelles of certeyne great welkes. 1606N. B[axter] Sydney's Ourania D 1 b, There growen the Scallop, Cockle, Welke, and Oyster. 1668Wilkins Real Char. ii. v. §7. 129.
δ14..Metr. Voc. in Wr.-Wülcker 625 Whelke, concha. 1583in Feuillerat Revels Q. Eliz. (1908) 361 For mendinge of iiij whelkes shelles and Couloringe them. 1655Moufet & Bennet Health's Improv. 164 Perwinckles or Whelks, are nothing but sea-snails, feeding upon the finest mud of the shore and the best weeds. c1711Petiver Gazophyl. viii. 77 Limington Bottle Whelk. 1815S. Brookes Conchol. 202 Strombus Lucifer, Spiked Whelk. 1862Macm. Mag. Oct. 503 The whelks, clams,..and occasionally the crabs, are used by the fishermen as bait for their white fish lines. 1874A. H. Markham Whaling Cruise ii. 19 By way of supper I was initiated into the mysteries of ‘whelks’.
εc1430Two Cookery-bks. 23 Take Walkys an sethe in Ale. 1444Maldon, Essex Crt.-rolls Bundle 26 No. 1 b (MS.) Vendidit in mercato pisces fetentes, viz. wolkis. 1589Rider Bibl. Schol. i. 1724 A walke, or wrinkle, turbo.
†b. The shell of this mollusc, or a representation of it. Obs.
1575Laneham Let. (1907) 52 Tunneyz, Conchs, & wealks: all engrauen by exquisit deuize and skill. 1605B. Jonson Masques, Of Blacknesse Wks. (1616) 894 Torch-bearers..all hauing their lights burning out of whelks, or murex shells.
†c. A structure resembling a whelk-shell; a testudo. Obs.
1408–9tr. Vegetius' De Re Milit. iv. xiv. (Roy MS. 18 A. xii) lf. 105 The gynne that is clepede the snayle or the welke.
d. attrib. and Comb., as whelk-boat, whelk-man, whelk-pot (pot n.1 5 b), whelk-shell, whelk-snail, whelk-tribe; whelk-like, whelk-shaped adjs.; whelk-stall, a stall at which whelks are sold; freq. in phr. to be unable to run a whelk stall and varr., to be incompetent, esp. in business; whelk-tingle, = tingle n.3
1419Liber Albus (Rolls) I. 343 Item, quantum dabit *welkbot de v tandles. 1900Daily News 17 Aug. 7/1 Two fishermen went off in a whelk boat.
1861P. P. Carpenter in Rep. Smithsonian Inst. 1860, 180 A *whelk-like dentition.
1851Mayhew Lond. Labour I. 163/2 The *whelkmen, who are the biggest rogues in Billingsgate.
1883Fisheries Exhib. Catal. 10 Set of *Whelk Pots with Gear.
1861P. P. Carpenter in Rep. Smithsonian Inst. 1860, 185 One group..in which the shell is thin and *whelk-shaped.
c725Corpus Gloss. (Hessels) C 530 Conquilium, *wiloc scel. c1440Astron. Cal. (MS. Ashm. 391), Capricorne þat is þe signe of a goot in a welke shelle. 1681Grew Musæum i. vi. i. 131 'Tis usual to give Drink to Children that have the Chin-Cough, out of a Wilk-shell. 1891Science-Gossip XXVII. 71 The hermit crab..which always lives in empty whelk shells.
1681Grew Musæum i. vi. i. 131 The *Wilk-Snail winding, from the Mouth towards the right Hand.
1842Punch III. 74/2 The adjacent *whelk-stall. 1894J. Burns in South-Western Star 13 Jan. 3/4 From whom am I to take my marching orders? From men who fancy they are Admirable Crichtons,..but who have not got sufficient brains and ability to run a whelk stall? 1928‘N. Shute’ So Disdained iv. 159 If you try to run him as a manager as well, then your luck'll be out... He couldn't run a whelk stall to make it pay. 1960C. Storr Marianne & Mark iii. 42 The beaches and the whelk stalls. 1965O. Manning Friends & Heroes xiv. 148, I said we were all disgusted at the way the School had gone down; and I said things would be no better under Callard. I said Callard couldn't run a whelk-stall. 1966Hansard Commons 22 Nov. 1283 The great majority of hon. Gentlemen opposite have not the qualifications to run a whelk stall profitably. 1980M. Drabble Middle Ground 25 Which should she pick?..vain Albert from the whelk stall? 1981Financial Times 1 Apr. 15/2 None of them [sc. the 364 economists] has had enough practical experience to run the proverbial whelk stall.
1882Standard 26 Sept. 2/2 The dog-whelk or ‘*whelk tingle’. 1959Times 25 Aug. 5/6 A survey of the damage done on English oyster beds by the American whelk tingle..has just been concluded.
1835Kirby Hab. & Inst. Anim. I. ix. 279 The Buccinidan or *Whelk tribe.
▪ II. whelk2|hwɛlk|
Forms: 1 hwylca, 4–7 whelke, 5 qwælke, 5–6 welke, 6 whealke, 8–9 welk, 9 dial. w(h)ilk, 5– whelk.
[Late OE. (WS.) hwylca, prob. for *hwelca (cf. late hwylp for hwelp), f. hwelian wheal v.1 For the formation cf. swelca swelling, f. swellan to swell.]
1. A pustule, pimple; = wheal n.1
c1000ælfric Gloss. in Wr.-Wülcker 161/17 Uarix, cwydele, uel hwylca. c1386Chaucer Prol. 632 Ne oynement that wolde clense and byte, That hym myghte helpen of the whelkes white. 1388Wyclif Lev. xiv. 56 This is the lawe of al lepre..and of litle whelkis [1382 bleynes; Vulg. papularum] brekynge out. 1398Trevisa Barth. De P.R. vii. lxiv. (1495) s j b/2 In the face ben redde pymples & whelkes, out of whom ofte renne blood & matere. c1400Lanfranc's Cirurg. 241 Obtolmia is clepid a whit' welke or a reed poynt'. 1545T. Raynalde Byrth Mankynde 116 Whelkes or bladders on the body. 1599Shakes. Hen. V, iii. vi. 108 His face is all bubukles and whelkes, and knobs, and flames a fire. 1612Woodall Surg. Mate Wks. (1653) 198 If the patient sick of the Collick have certaine small whelks or pushes arising upon his belly. 1632tr. Bruel's Praxis Med. 398 Purple colour spots, or else little whelks arise. 1865R. Hunt Pop. Rom. W. Eng. Ser. ii. 240 Those little gatherings which occur on the eye-lids of children, locally called ‘wilks’.
Comb.1585Higins Junius' Nomencl. 72/2 Mordella,..a whelke flie, or blister flie.
2. Used by confusion for weal n.2, wale n.1
a1761Cawthorn Poems, Wit & Learn. (1771) 153 I'll lay thee, miscreant! on my knee, And print such welks thy naked seat on. 1791Cowper Iliad xxiii. 894 And on their flanks and shoulders, red The whelks arose. a1825Forby Voc. E. Anglia, Welk, welt..to give a sound beating, which is likely to raise weals, welks, or welts. 1870Bryant Homer I. ii. 47 A bloody whelk Rose where the golden sceptre fell. |