| 释义 |
wolfram|ˈwʊlfrəm, ˈvɒlfrəm|
[a. G. wolfram (wolform in Mathesius, 1562, wolffram in Ercker, 1580, volfram in Wallerius, Mineralogia, 1747), of uncertain formation: generally assumed to be an old miners' term f. wolf wolf + rahm cream (cf. rahmerz foamy wad), and to be the source of mod.L. lupi spuma (Agricola De Nat. Foss., 1546), which corresponds, however, to G. wolfsschaum; but perh. f. MHG. râm dirty mark, soot.
The variants of the G. word, e.g. wolffram(m, wolf(f)ert, wolfart, wolfrath, suggest association with proper names. Since Agricola describes the lupi spuma as a light ‘stone’, it is improbable that it was the mineral wolfram.]
1. Min. A native tungstate of iron and manganese.
1757tr. Henckel's Pyritologia ix. 132 Though this tin ore be not easily separable from wolfram, a kind of mock-tin, or an irony tin mineral. 1787Groschke tr. Klaproth's Observ. Fossils Cornw. 32 Wolfram of a foliated texture united to quartz and clay, is brought from Poldice. 1849D. Campbell Inorg. Chem. 292 Oxide of tungsten... Preparation.—The mineral wolfram is reduced to the finest powder [etc.]. 1916Lancet 8 Jan. 76/1 These electrodes are made..from a mixture of.. ores.., the chief one being a tungstate of iron and manganese, known as wolfram.
2. The metal tungsten, obtained from this mineral.
1845W. Gregory Outl. Inorg. Chem. 197 Tungsten... Syn. Wolfram—Occurs in nature, chiefly in the mineral wolfram. 1907Proc. Soc. Antiquaries 2 May 456 Wolfram, or tungsten, a metal which is used as an alloy for hardening steel.
3. attrib., as wolfram mine, wolfram ore; wolfram lamp, -steel = tungsten lamp, -steel; wolfram-ochre = tungstic ochre, tungstite.
1862wolfram-steel [see tungsten 3]. 1868Watts Dict. Chem. V. 903 Trioxide of Tungsten..occurs native as tungstic ochre, wolfram-ochre, or wolframine. 1907Westm. Gaz. 24 July 10/1 Dr. Auer..claims that the light obtained from the wolfram lamp is three or four times as brilliant as that given by the ordinary carbon lamp with the same consumption of electricity. 1914Brit. Mus. Return 227 A large specimen of hübnerite from Huara wolfram mine. 1916Chamb. Jrnl. 9 Sept. 655/2 Quantities of wolfram ore are also produced in Australia.
Hence ˈwolframate, = tungstate; ˈwolframed a., having wolfram added; wolˈframic a., = tungstic; ˈwolframine, tungstic ochre, tungstite; ˈwolframite, = wolfram 1.
1864Q. Jrnl. Sci. I. 693 M. Le Guen has solicited attention to what he calls *wolframed pig-iron.
1860Mayne Expos. Lex. s.v. Wolframiate, *Wolframic acid.
1854Dana Min. 143 *Wolframine.
1868Ibid. 601 *Wolframite. 1914Brit. Mus. Return 228 Wolframite and smoky quartz, from Burma. |