| 释义 |
▪ I. socket, n.|ˈsɒkɪt|
Forms: 4–6 soket, 5–6 sokett(e, 6 sokkat, sowket; 6 sockat, -itte, 6–7 -ett(e, 7 soacket, socquet, 6– socket.
[a. AF. soket, dim. of soc ploughshare, sock n.2]
†1. A lance- or spear-head having a form resembling that of a ploughshare. Obs.[a1260Matth. Paris Chron. Majora (Rolls) V. 319 Ferrum remansit in vulnere; quod tamen excisum..inventum est in mucrone acutissimum instar pugionis,..et brevem formam habens vomeris, unde vulgariter vomerulus vocatur, Gallice soket.] 13..K. Alis. 4415 (Laud MS.), He took in honde a rede pensel Wiþ a soket of broun stel. c1330Arth. & Merl. 7189 (Kölbing), Gaheriet mett þe douke Fannel Wiþ a launce, þe soket of stiel. c1430Syr Gener. (Roxb.) 9645 His tronchon stikked fast With the soket in mid the shelde. 1502Acc. Ld. High Treas. Scot. II. 352 To Henry, lorymar, for sockatis and dyamandis to the speris, xiiij s. 1535Stewart Cron. Scot. II. 687 Than with the speir..He hit the king richt in at the e, The scharpe sokkat syne throw his heid is gone.
2. a. A hollow part or piece, usually of a cylindrical form, constructed to receive some part or thing fitting into it.
1448in Archæol. Jrnl. LI. 121 Item .j. soket argenteum deauratum pro cruce argentea. Ibid. 122, .j. parvum soket. 1483Caxton Gold. Leg. 167 b/1 Another pyece wherin the sokette or morteys was maad that the body of the crosse stood in. 1523Fitzherb. Husb. §21 A wedynge-hoke with a socket set vpon a lyttel staffe of a yarde longe. 1585T. Washington tr. Nicholay's Voy. iii. iii. 73 b, A socket of siluer & guilt.., within the top of which socket they set..plumes of feathers. 1667Phil. Trans. II. 567 Into the Socket of that Iron is put a Staffe. 1699W. Dampier Voy. II. ii. 97 This Iron is fastned by a Socket to a Pole about 14 or 15 Foot long. 1748Anson's Voy. iii. v. 341 The heel of the yard is always lodged in one of the sockets. 1820Scoresby Acc. Arctic Reg. II. 223 The harpoon..consists of three conjoined parts, called the ‘socket’, ‘shank’, and ‘mouth’. 1840Civil Eng. & Arch. Jrnl. III. 349/1 The paddle-beams..pass the sides of the vessel through what may be called sockets. 1892Photogr. Ann. II. 354 The camera is fitted with..sockets for use on a tripod.
fig.1589R. Harvey Pl. Perc. (1590) 13 A vaine of lauish iangling, that hath made thy palate rise out of socket. 1601Dent Pathw. Heaven 52 The most part [of men] run beyond their bounds, and leape quite out of their sockets.
b. techn. (See quots.)
1883Gresley Gloss. Coal-m. 229 Socket, the innermost end of a shot hole not blown away after firing. 1884Knight Dict. Mech. Suppl. 827/1 Socket, a tool used in well boring to recover and lift rods out of the well.
c. An object in which the terminals of an electricity supply are inside holes made to receive the pins of a plug; spec. one that is fixed to a wall.
1885C. J. Wharton tr. Hospitalier's Domestic Electr. vii. 113 The whole [lamp-holder] is fitted to a wooden socket C, which may be screwed into an ordinary chandelier or in place of a gas burner. 1892[see plug n. 1 c]. 1914S. C. Batstone Electric-Light Fitting vi. 127 The wires come into the socket from behind the skirting. 1938J. W. Sims Electr. Installations 155 Apparatus requiring not more than 50 watts may be supplied from..one 15-amp socket. 1955N. W. Kay Mod. Building Encycl. 637/1 The fuse can be renewed only when the plug-head is withdrawn from the socket. 1977F. Hall Building Services & Equipment II. v. 35/2 The sockets will only accept plugs for 110V, single-phase, 50Hz supply.
d. Golf. That part of the head of a club into which the shaft is fitted; a shot made off the socket.
1887W. G. Simpson Art of Golf i. iv. 22 Irons and cleeks..have sockets instead of necks. 1922C. Leitch Golf 98 There is no bad shot in golf which flurries a player so much as a shot off the socket. 1927Daily Express 12 Feb. 3/7 In the down stroke, the left hand and arm get ahead of the right, and that causes either a socket or a ‘push out’. 1963J. Jacobs Golf 78 The socket is simply explained—the club head is being brought down further away from the body than it should be.
3. a. The part of a candlestick or chandelier in which the candle is placed.
c1440Promp. Parv. 463/1 Soket, of a candylstykke or oþer lyke, alorica. 1477–9Rec. St. Mary at Hill (1905) 81 Payd to Thomas Goldsmyth for the mendyng of..the soket of a siluer candilstike. 1537N. Co. Wills (Surtees) 146, iiij candelstickes with double sowkettes. 1552Huloet s.v. Candle beame, Sockettes to set candels vpon. 1626Bacon Sylva §31 Take a small Waxe Candle, and putt it in a Socket, of Brasse, or Iron. a1701Maundrell Journ. Jerus. (1732) 27 A small lighted wax Taper, a hole in the Cake serving for a Socket. 1760–2Goldsm. Cit. W. xlvi, The candles were burnt to the socket. 1832Brewster Nat. Magic xiii. 325 The candle was burned out in the socket of the candlestick, which stood by her. 1855Macaulay Hist. Eng. xv. III. 521 From dawn till the candles had burned down to their sockets.
b. fig. or in fig. context.
1589Pappe w. Hatchet (1844) 36 With a wit worn into the socket, twinkling and pinking like the snuffe of a candle. 1633F. Greville Cælica lxxxvii. 235 When as mans life..In soacket of his earthly lanthorne burnes. 1655Nicholas P. (Camden) II. 323 My smale talent, being now burnt downe to the very socquet. 1756Pol. Ballads (1860) II. 331 In thy arms let me die, And my glory burn clear in the socket. 1827Scott Chron. Canongate i, The light of life..was trembling in the socket. 1862Goulburn Pers. Relig. iv. xii. (1873) 354 Love began to burn a little low in the socket.
Comb.1593G. Harvey Pierce's Super. Wks. (Grosart) II. 119 His socket-worne inuention.
4.
†a. In allusive use. Obs.
c1450Mankind 140 in Macro Plays, Yf ȝe wyll putt yowur nose in hys wyffis sokett, Ȝe xall haue xlty days of pardon. 1638R. Brathwait Barnabees Jrnl. iii. (1818) 109.
b. = Socket-money (see 7 c).
1818R. Jamieson in Burt's Lett. I. 194 note, [If they happen to see any kind of freedom between them,..they..demand the bulling-siller.] This tax in England is called socket. 1889Marcroft Ups & Downs 10 At the same stir it was arranged for the footings and sockets to come in.
5. Anat. A hollow or cavity in which some part or articulation (as a tooth, eye, bone, etc.) is inserted.
(a)1601Holland Pliny xxv. xiii. I. 239 Both of them..serve in a collution to strengthen and keepe them [teeth] fast in their sockets. 1728Chambers Cycl. s.v. Teeth, In Men, the ordinary Number of Teeth is 32,..all fix'd in peculiar Sockets. 1774Goldsm. Nat. Hist. (1776) VI. 212 Its root enters into the socket above a foot and an half. In a skull..at Hamburgh there are two teeth. 1859J. Tomes Dental Surg. 4 The sockets for the first temporary molars.
(b)1615Crooke Body of Man 546 The Membrane of their eye is very hard, and beside they stand deepe in their sockets. 1668Culpepper & Cole Barthol. Anat. iv. vi. 341 To constitute the upper part of the Eye-hole or Socket. 1782F. Burney Cecilia vii. iii, Fixed in mute wonder,..her eyes almost bursting from their sockets. 1843Abdy Water Cure 26 The eyes deep in the socket and feeble. 1890W. P. Ball Are Effects of Use & Disuse inherited? 72 In one species of ant..the sockets have disappeared as well as the eyes.
(c)1664Power Exp. Philos. i. 27 Below the eyes was two crook'd horns, which..was fasten'd in two sockets at the roots. 1774Goldsm. Nat. Hist. (1776) V. 20 The quill thus deprived continues in its socket for some months. 1826Kirby & Sp. Entomol. III. xxxiii. 384 The socket..in which the leg is planted. 1837Dickens Pickw. v, His arms being nearly pulled out of their sockets. 1882Pitman Mission Life Greece & Pal. 212 The little knob on the end of the hip⁓bone, which works in a socket in the corresponding bone.
6. Applied to parts of plants.
1657S. Purchas Pol. Flying-Ins. 68 Bees gather of all things that have flowers in a hose or socket. 1713J. Warder True Amazon 16 Many [flowers]..being kept in their Socket a long time, that should have blown. a1722Lisle Husb. (1757) 138 They, being grown thick and strong, open the socket of the said outward leaf. 1868U.S. Rep. Comm. Agric. (1869) 262 The atocha grass..is not cut like ordinary grass, but is pulled up from its socket.
7. attrib. and Comb.
a. Attrib. in sense 2, as socket-bar, socket-bit, socket-castor, socket-chisel, etc.; socket outlet, a socket (sense 2 c) fixed to a wall and connected to an electricity supply; cf. outlet n. 1 e, point n.1 A. 19 e; socket set, a number of sockets for use with a socket wrench; socket wrench, a wrench equipped with a set of detachable sockets of different sizes.
Many examples of this type occur in modern technical use, and are recorded in special dictionaries.
1883Gresley Gloss. Coal-m. 229 *Socket Bar [a hollow conical-headed iron rod for extricating boring rods from bore holes].
1532Lett. & P. Hen. VIII, V. 447 A ground auger made with a *socket bit steeled.
1858Simmonds Dict. Trade, *Socket-castor, a metal castor which moves in a socket.
1679Moxon Mech. Exerc. vii. 123 *Socket Chissels..have their Shank made with an hollow Socket at its top. 1842Gwilt Archit. Gloss., Socket Chisel, a strong tool used by carpenters for mortising, and worked with a mallet.
1895Model Steam Eng. 38 The *socket end of the rod must have a screw formed on it.
1858Greener Gunnery 401 The price paid for the *socket joint alone.
1895Arnold & Sons' Catal. Surg. Instrum. 789 *Socket Leg, for amputation above knee, with wooden socket.
1934Two-Pole & Earthing-Pin Plugs & Socket-Outlets (Brit. Standards Inst.) 6 When the plug and the *socket-outlet are in complete engagement no live parts shall be accessible. 1977Jrnl. R. Soc. Arts CXXV. 119/2 There will probably be more storage space [in today's new house] and almost certainly more socket outlets.
1869Rankine Machine & Hand-tools Pl. O 3, The bearing plate of the jointed *socket-piece.
1858Simmonds Dict. Trade, *Socket-pipe, a pipe worked in a socket.
1847Webster, *Socket-pole, a pole armed with an iron socket, and used to propel boats, &c.
[1918A. L. Dyke Automobile & Gasoline Engine Encycl. 613/2 (caption) No. 12 combination socket wrench set.] 1935Gen. Catal. Tools & Supplies (Buck & Hickman Ltd.) 270/2 ‘Ratchet handle’ *socket sets. 1976Star (Sheffield) 29 Nov. 5/5 Hinds pleaded guilty to stealing an electric drill and a 52-piece socket set.
1893Spons' Mechanics' Own Book (ed. 4) 80 The stems and handles of *socket spanners are made..separate from the socket portions.
1887J. R. Allen Early Chr. Symbolism 134 The head and part of the shaft..have been re-erected in the old *socket-stone.
1869Rankine Machine & Hand-tools Pl. N 1, The longitudinal liberty of the spindle..in its *socket tube.
1905W. Rogers Pumps & Hydraulics II. 344 An interchangeable *socket wrench is shown in Fig. 629. 1921Car 31 Mar. 313/2 (Advt.), Your car will be kept in perfect tune if a socket wrench set is in your kit. 1977New Yorker 9 May 34/3 Bicycling accessories for every contingency:..monkey wrenches, socket wrenches, wrench holders.
b. In sense 5, as socket-leaf, socket-leaved; socket-eyed adj.
c1711Petiver Gazophyl. ix. §85 Its Stalks red-spotted and socket-leaved. Ibid. §86 Yellow Cape Dragon-Orchis, with broad, pointed Socket-leaves. 1964F. Warner Early Poems 76 Laws That rule this meaningless and cancered globe In socket-eyed, gigantic merriment. 1975New Yorker 26 May 104/1 Raskolnikov..is played by Georgi Taratorkin, a socket-eyed figure ransacked by self-inquiry and staring at us out of a very lonely desert.
c. socket-money. (See quots. and 3 b.) slang.
a1700B. E. Dict. Cant. Crew, Socket-money, Demanded and Spent upon Marriage. 1772T. Bridges Homer Trav. 127 We must likewise come upon ye, By way of costs, for socket-money. 1785Grose Dict. Vulgar T., Socket money, a whore's fee, or hire, also money paid for a treat, by a married man caught in an intrigue. 1865Slang Dict. 240 Socket-money, money extorted by threats of exposure.
Hence ˈsocketful; ˈsocketless a.
1833Fraser's Mag. VII. 720 The eyes have long been rayless, socketless. 1867Gilfillan Night iii. 53 A socketless and fiercely blazing eye. 1872B. Stewart Physics 30 Water exactly equal in bulk to the brass cylinder (that is to say, a socketful).
▪ II. socket
variant of sucket.
▪ III. socket, v.|ˈsɒkɪt|
Also 7 soccate.
[f. socket n.]
1. trans. To place in, or fit with, a socket.
1533Lett. & P. Hen. VIII, VI. 642 For mendyng and sockettyng newe Cressytts. 1665J. Webb Stone-Heng (1725) 214 A Pair of Shears composed of two Masts, socketted or mortaised into a Plank. 1761Phil. Trans. LV. 248 They must be socketed before he can examine [etc.]. 1823Sir C. Bell in Phil. Trans. CXIII. 173 In creatures where the eye is socketed in a cup of cartilage and cannot retract. 1869Rankine Machine & Hand-tools Pl. P 5, These dies..are..socketed into the resisting head. 1888Athenæum 16 June 764/3 Five stone bases socketed for wooden uprights.
2. Golf. To strike (the ball) inadvertently off the socket or heel of a club; to make (a shot) in this way. Also absol. Cf. shank v. 4.
1911C. Leitch Golf for Girls 87 If you socket and don't want to, here's the cure. Keep your left elbow close to your side. 1920Isis 27 Oct. 9/1 He socketed a couple of iron shots into the gorse. 1927Daily Express 31 Jan. 8/2 A mashie that persists in socketing the ball. 1961F. C. Avis Sportsman's Gloss. 210/2 Socket, to hit the ball with the shank of the club; also known as Shank.
Hence ˈsocketer, one who sockets the ball.
1912New Bk. Golf 341 Even the most confirmed socketer will find that with such a club socketing is a sheer impossibility. 1952H. Longhurst Golf Mixture 113 Frostick, of St George's Hill, tells the socketer to keep his head down. |