| 释义 |
▪ I. spurn, n.1|spɜːn|
Also 4–7 spurne, 4–5 sporn.
[f. spurn v.1]
†1. A trip or stumble. Obs.
a1300Cursor M. 4324 Qua folus lang, wit-outen turn, Oft his fote sal find a spurn. Ibid. 4329. a 1375 Joseph Arim. 581 He hedde no space spedly him-seluen forto do him no dispit; þe sporn was his owne. a1500Chester Pl. i. 136 Beware yow of this Chayre, lest that yow have a fowle spurne. 1535Stewart Cron. Scot. II. 150 Nocht wittand weill quhome to that tyid to turne, For lidder speid cumis of airlie spurne.
†2.
a. to hold (a) spurn, to make successful resistance. Obs.—1
a1300Cursor M. 19414 Wit spec[h]e þai gaue him mani turn, Bot nan gain him moght hald spurn [Gött, a spurn].
†b. A pace or course (on horseback). Obs.—1
c1330R. Brunne Chron. Wace (Rolls) 12759 Wawayn..byheld þat he cam so gret a spurne, He had no leyser his hors to turne.
†c. An encounter, fray. Obs. rare.
a1500Chevy Chase 136 in Child Ballads III. 310 At Otterburn begane this spurne, vppone a Monnynday.
3. A stroke with the foot; a kick.
a1300Cursor M. 23780 Qua herd a caitiuer crachun, Þat will noght bide to giue a spurn? c1440Gesta Rom. lxx. 323 (Harl. MS.), He lifte vp his foote, and gafe him a spurne aȝen þe brest. 1542Udall Erasm. Apoph. b iij b, When a certain feloe had..geuen him a spurne on the shynne, as he was gooyng on his waye in the strete. 1579Lyly Euphues (Arb.) 145 A young man beeing peruerse in nature,..gaue Socrates a spurne. 1622Mabbe tr. Aleman's Guzman d'Alf. ii. 30 Hee should haue..many a spurne and kicke with the foot. 1679C. Ness Antichrist 46 Is not this like one of the spurns or kicks of the beast? 1708Swift Rem. upon Book Wks. 1841 II. 182 Like the sick old lion in the fable, who..took nothing so much to heart as to find himself at last insulted by the spurn of an ass. 1851Helps Comp. Solit. iv. 46 Alnaschar,..who with an imaginary spurn..disposed at once of all his splendid fortunes.
fig.c1430in Reliq. Antiq. I. 1 He gafe my mayden-hed a spurne. 1577F. de L'isle's Legendarie F iij b, By this meanes they gaue so shrewd a spurne at the estate of this realme that it feleth it yet. 1612Wither Juvenilia, Prince Hen. Obsequies (1633) 297 'Tis true, I know, Death with an equall spurn The lofty Turret and low Cottage beats.
b. The act of kicking or spurning.
1641Milton Reform. ii. Wks. 1851 III. 71 Where under..the trample and spurne of all the other Damned..they shall remaine in that plight for ever. 1650Baxter Saints' R. iv. iii, The spurn of a man's foot destroys all their labour. 1842Fraser's Mag. XXVI. 479 The sweep of the arms and the spurn of the legs must always be made under the water. 1893F. Thompson Poems 49 With flying lightnings round the spurn o' their feet.
Comb.1676Doctrine of Devils 196 The Magical Seals, &c., whereby men might be preserved Shot-free, and consequently Stick-free, Cane-free, Spurn-free, Kick-free.
4. The act of treating with disdain or contemptuous rejection; an instance of this.
1602Shakes. Ham. iii. i. 73 The insolence of Office, and the Spurnes That patient merit of the vnworthy takes. 1646W. Jenkyn Remora 9 Do the rowlings of a fathers bowels deserve our spurn? a1680Charnock Attrib. God (1834) II. 200 It is a spurn at God's sovereignty, and a slight of his goodness. 1875Lowell in N. Amer. Rev. CXX. 370 There is an exulting spurn of earth in it, as of a soul just loosed from its cage.
▪ II. spurn, n.2|spɜːn|
Also 6–7 spurne, 9 spern.
[var. of spur n.1, prob. after prec. or spurn v.1]
1.
†a. The beak of a war-galley. Obs.—1
1553Brende Q. Curtius G ij, They came agaynste her wyth two galeies crosse upon her side: wherof the one strake ful with her Spurne.
b. A sharp projection or edge on a horse-shoe. Now dial. or Obs. (Cf. sprun.)
1717Sir W. Hope Solleysell's Compl. Horseman i. xxxi. 301 He makes him a pair of hinder Shoes with long Spurns or Plates before the Toes. 1834Knowlson Cattle Doctor (1843) 154 Some horses cut with the spurn of the foot, and some with the heel. 1849Teesdale Gloss. 123 Spurn. The toe of a horse's shoe, when sharpened in time of frost, is so called.
2. An outward-growing root or rootlet; one of the main roots of a tree. Obs. exc. dial.
1601Holland Pliny I. 368 These Trees loue..to haue the superfluous spurnes rid away from the root. 1613Markham Eng. Husbandman ii. ii. iv. (1635) 60 From the spurnes of the roote will arise new Spiers. 1793Trans. Soc. Arts XI. 195 The butt or stem of an ash-tree, having the spurns left to it in felling. 1796–in dialect glossaries, etc. (Midl., Chesh., Shropsh., Warw.).
fig.1620Sanderson Serm. I. 160 If there be any sprigs or spurns of that root here. 1648Ibid. II. 241 The flesh..is ever and anon putting forth spurns of avarice, ambition, envy.
3. A slanting prop or stay; a spur or spur-stone.
1620–1in North Riding Soc. (1885) III. 110 That a Wickham man be committed to the House of Corr[ectio]n for cutting downe a windemille spurne. 1847in Halliwell (Linc.). 1866Peacock Eng. Ch. Furniture 180 note, The fastenings or wooden supports—spurns, as a Lincolnshire man would say, of the ‘shafte’ or May-pole.
b. Mining. (See quots.)
1837L. Hebert Engin. & Mech. Encycl. I. 375 The spern, a small piece of coal left as a support to many tons above, which fall when this is taken away. 1860Eng. & For. Mining Gloss. (ed. 2) 79 Spurns, small ties or connections, left between the coals hanging and the ribs and pillars. 1883Gresley Gloss. Coal-m. 233 Spurns, narrow pillars or webs of coal between each holing, not cut away until the last thing before withdrawing the sprags.
▪ III. † spurn, n.3
Variant of spoorn. Obs.
1614Selden Titles Honor 164 The spurne Lilith..mentioned in holy Writ, which the Iews say is a Spirit very Dangerous to yong Children or Women in Childbirth. 1790Grose Prov. Gloss. (ed. 2), Spurne, an evil spirit. Dorsetsh[ire].
▪ IV. spurn, v.1|spɜːn|
Forms: 1 spurnan, spornan, 3–6 sporn(e, 3–7 spurne (5–6 spourne, 6 Sc. spwrne), 4– spurn (4 spourn, 5 Sc. spwrn, 6 spvrn).
[OE. spurnan, spornan strong v. (pa. tense spearn, pa. pple. -spornen), = OS. spurnan, ON. *sporna (pa. tense sparn), related to the weak vbs. OHG. spornôn, ON. sporna, OHG. spurnan, -en, ON. spyrna, and OHG. (fir)spirnen, ON. sperna, MSw. and Sw. spjärna. The stem is prob. that of spur n.1 In OE. the simple verb is less frequent than the compound ætspurnan.]
I. intr.
†1. To strike against something with the foot; to trip or stumble. Also fig. Obs.
c1000Ags. Psalter (Thorpe) xc. 12 Þe læs þu fræcne on stan fote spurne. a1225Ancr. R. 186 A child, ȝif hit spurneð o summe þing, oðer hurteð him, me bet þet þing þet hit hurteð on. 1297R. Glouc. (Rolls) 7710 As he rod an honteþ & par auntre is hors spurnde. a1300Cursor M. 3575 Quen þat [a man] sua bicums ald,..þan es eth þe fote to spurn. 1388Wyclif Jer. xxxi. 9 Y schal brynge them..in a riȝtful, weie, thei shulen not spurne therynne. c1400Beryn 2862, I shall make hem spurn, & have a sore falle. c1449Pecock Repr. v. viii. 525 Lest if..the hors where left to his fredom..he schulde be in perel forto the oftir spurne. 1549–62Sternhold & H. Ps. xci. 12 So that thy foote shall never chaunce to spurne at any stone. 1603Proph. of T. Rymour (Bann. Cl.) 12 Where the water runnes bright and sheene Thair shal many steides spurne. 1639Fuller Holy War iv. xxi. (1840) 218 And their legs so stand in men's way that few can go by them without spurning at them. 1714Gay Trivia ii. 211 How can ye Laugh, to see the Damsel spurn, Sink in your Frauds and her green Stocking mourn? 1734Arbuthnot, etc. Mart. Scriblerus viii. (1756) 39 The maid..ran up stairs, but spurning at the dead body, fell upon it in a swoon.
†b. In proverbial contrast with speed. Chiefly Sc.
1423Jas. I Kingis Q. clxxxi, Quhen thai wald faynest speid, that thai may spurn. c1440York Myst. xxxix. 15, I sporne þer I was wonte to spede. a1500Ratis Raving ii. 362 That garris thaim spwrn quhen thai suld speid. 1535Stewart Cron. Scot. III. 226 Quha spurnis airlie cumis lidder speid.
†2. To strike or thrust with the foot; to kick (at something). Obs.
c1400Lydg. æsop's Fab. i. 52 [The cock] On a smal dunghill..Gan to scrape and sporn. 15..Smith & his Dame 301 in Hazl. E.P.P. III. 212 Than she spvrned at hym so, That hys shynnes bothe two In sonder she there brake. 1592Nashe P. Penilesse (ed. 2) 3 b, Who spurneth not at a dead dogge? 1598Mucedorus Induct. 32 Where I may see them wallow in there blood, To spurne at armes and legges quite shiuered off [etc.]. 1690[see sprunt v.]. 1740Somerville Hobbinolia ii. 295 His Iron Fist descending crush'd his Skull, And left him spurning on the bloody Floor.
fig.a1548Hall Chron., Hen. V, 81 This prince was a capitaine against whome fortune never frowned nor mischance once spurned.
†b. In allusive phrases. Obs. (Cf. kick v.1 1 c.)
c1390Chaucer Truth 11 Bywar þerfore to spurne aȝeyns an al. c1480Henryson Test. Cres. 475 Quhy spurnis thow aganis the Wall? 1483Vulgaria 26 It is a foly to sporn ageyns the pryk. 1513More Rich. III, Wks. 70/2, I purpose not to spurne againste a prick. 1562Heywood Prov. & Epigr. (1867) 116 Folly to spurne or kycke against the harde wall. 1573Tusser Husb. (1878) 205 What profit then..Against the prick to seeme to spurne? 1605Camden Rem. (1623) 268 Folly it is to spurne against a pricke. [1816Scott Old Mort. Introd., Waste not your strength by spurning against a castle wall.]
†c. To strike at with a weapon. Obs.—1
c1400Destr. Troy 4744 The grekes..With speris full dispitiously spurnit at the yates.
†d. To dash; to drive quickly. Obs.
a1400–50Alexander 786 Now aithire stoure on þar stedis strikis to-gedire, Spurnes out spakly with speris in hand. c1400St. Cuthbert (Surtees) 4706 Thre grete wawes in spurned. Ibid. 6796 Þe shipp agayn to land spurned.
3. fig. To kick against or at something disliked or despised; to manifest opposition or antipathy, esp. in a scornful or disdainful manner.
(a)1526Pilgr. Perf. (W. de W. 1531) 17 b, Than they wyll sporne agaynst god,..and vtterly refuse and forsake the batayle of vertue. 1559Mirr. Mag., Owen Glendour xiii, Was none so bold durst once agaynst me spurne. 1605Stow Ann. (ed. 2) 683 Wel knowing that the Queene would spurne against the conclusions. 1633Bp. Hall Hard Texts, N.T. 145 It is no boot for thee to struggle and spurne against my almighty power.
(b)1549Latimer 3rd Serm. bef. Edw. VI, G vi, They that be good wyl beare, and not spourne at the preachers; they that be faultye..must amende, and neyther spourne, nor wynse, nor whyne. 1594Shakes. Rich. III, i. iv. 203 Will you then Spurne at his Edict, and fulfill a Mans? 1603Knolles Hist. Turks (1621) 1321 Spurning at their bread and rice which was given them for their daily entertainement. 1660Extr. State Papers rel. Friends Ser. ii. (1911) 120 Anabaptists..will make advantage of the first opportunity to fly out, and spurne att his Maiesties Gouerment. 1753H. Walpole in World No. 10, One must be an infidel indeed to spurn at such authority. a1781R. Watson Philip III (1839) 119 They spurned at danger, and made several vigorous sallies on the enemy. 1839T. Mitchell Frogs of Aristoph. Introd. p. cxi, That parent required sacrifices of him, at which his genius evidently spurned.
II. trans.
†4. To strike (the foot) against something. Obs.
a1300E.E. Ps. xc. 12 Þat thurgh hap þou ne spurn þi fote til stane. c1430Hymns Virgin (1867) 43 Lest þou spurne þi foot at a stoon.
5. To strike or tread (something) with the foot; to trample or kick.
In later use freq. with implication of contempt.
1390Gower Conf. II. 72 The ground he sporneth and he tranceth. a1500Lyttel Geste of Robyn Hode iii. clxi, He sporned the dore with his fote. 1560J. Daus tr. Sleidane's Comm. 295 The people came running to it, jobbed it in with their daggers, and spurned it with their fete. 1609Holland Amm. Marcell. xiv. vii. 15 The foresaid governour..they layed at and spurned with their heeles. 1634Sir T. Herbert Trav. 20 With their Feet they spurne the yeelding sands. 1735Somerville Chase iii. 335 Wounded, he rears aloft,..then bleeding spurns the Ground. 1743Francis tr. Hor., Odes iii. v. 36 When..the hind shall turn Fierce on her hunters, he the prostrate foe may spurn In second fight. 1810Scott Lady of L. i. v, With flying foot the heath he spurned. 1848A. Jameson Sacr. & Leg. Art 219 Mary is spurning with her feet a casket of jewels. 1875Longfellow Masque of Pandora iv, With one touch of my..feet, I spurn the solid Earth.
b. With advs. or advb. phrases, as away, down, off, up, etc. Also fig.
c1386Chaucer Sqr.'s T. 608 He with his feet wol spurne adoun his cuppe. c1450Merlin xiii. 199 Galashin with his fote spurned his body to grounde. 1526Pilgr. Perf. (W. de W. 1531) 264 Auaunce thy spirituall courage, and sporne away all dulnesse & slouth. 1590Shakes. Com. Err. ii. i. 83 You spurne me hence, and he will spurne me hither. 1609Rowlands Knaue of Clubbes (Hunterian Cl.) 6 Then with her feete she spurn'd them out of bed. 1642D. Rogers Naaman 30 The Pope treading on his necke, and spurning off his Crowne with his foot. 1700Dryden Cock & Fox 85 If, spurning up the Ground, he sprung a Corn. 1727Swift Country Post Wks. 1751 III. i. 178 The grave-stones of John Fry, Peter How, and Mary d'Urfey were spurned down. 1793T. Beddoes Demonstr. Evid. 110 It is said, that the statesman..is apt to spurn away the ladder by which he has mounted to power. 1836H. Rogers J. Howe ii. 30 There is no barrier to such inter-communion,..which the genuine spirit of charity will not spurn down. 1855Macaulay Hist. Eng. xiii. III. 360 The few who were so luxurious as to wear rude socks of untanned hide spurned them away. 1878Browning Poets Croisic lii, To learn..how fate could puff Heaven-high.., then spurn To suds so big a bubble in some huff.
6. To reject with contempt or disdain; to treat contemptuously; to scorn or despise.
c1000ælfric Saints' Lives vii. 64 æfter þæs mædenes spræce þe hine spearn mid wordum. a1400–50Alexander 3533 We sall neuer spise ȝow ne sporne in speche ne in dede. 1435Misyn Fire of Love 44 Þat, vanite spisyd & spurnyd, to trewth vnpartyngly we draw. 1501Plumpton Corr. (Camden) 155 He..wyll abyde by yt for his dede,..& so will shew to all men that spurns him any wher. a1548Hall Chron., Hen. VI, 98 b, Well knowyng, that the Quene would spurne and impugne the conclusions. 1591Shakes. Two Gent. iv. ii. 14 The more she spurnes my loue, The more it growes. 1635Quarles Embl. v. 13 O how my soul would spurn this ball of clay, And loathe the dainties of earth's painful pleasure. 1697Dryden Virg. Georg. iv. 339 The pleasing Pleiades appear, And springing upward spurn the briny Seas. 1791Boswell Johnson II. 117 When he suspected that he was invited to be exhibited, he constantly spurned the invitation. 1848Dickens Dombey liii, I came back, weary and lame, to spurn your gift. 1868Freeman Norm. Conq. (1877) II. 144 Every offer tending to conciliation had been spurned.
Hence spurned ppl. a.
1805Wordsw. Prelude v. 278 He..draws..sweet honey out of spurned or dreaded weeds.
▪ V. † spurn, v.2 Obs.
[Alteration of spur v.1, after prec.]
trans. To spur; to urge or incite.
1583Golding Calvin on Deut. cxvii. 1114 Here Moses meant to spurne forward the slothfulnesse of the Jewes. 1590Spenser F.Q. iii. i. 5 The Faery quickly raught His poinant speare, and sharpely gan to spurne His fomy steed. 1612Capt. Smith Proc. Virginia 80 To encourage the good, and with shame to spurne on the rest to amendment.
▪ VI. † spurn, v.3 Obs.
[Of obscure origin. Modern south-western dialects have spurl and spur in the same sense.]
trans. To spread or scatter.
a1722Lisle Husb. (1757) 21 Farmer Bond..flung no dung, in the spurning or spreading it, into the furrows. Ibid. 30 Spurning is throwing it [sc. lime] abroad on the earth just before sowed.
▪ VII. spurn, v.4
Also 9 spern.
[f. spurn n.2 3.]
1. intr. To serve as a prop or stay.
1783J. Ogden Manchester 16 Sawing strong deal balks through the middle, and letting in oak spars to spurn at obtuse angles upward.
2. trans. To prop or support with spurns.
1865Even. Standard 7 Feb., Several of the men as well as deceased neglected to sprag or spern their work. |