charecharn.¹

Brit.

/tʃɛː/,

/tʃɑː/, U.S.

/tʃɛ(ə)r/

Forms: Old English cierr, cirr, cerr, cyrr, Middle English cherre, Middle English chærre, chearre, Middle English chere, Middle English charre, 1500s–1600s chair, (1600s chaer, chewre, charr), Middle English– chare, Middle English– char; see also the variant chore n.²

Etymology: Old English cęrr , cięrr , cyrr , masculine i- stem < Old Germanic type *karri-z or *karzi-z : compare chare v.¹(Often identified with Old High German chêr , Middle High German kêr , German kehr , Middle Dutch kêr , Dutch keer , masculine; besides which there is Old High German chêra , Middle High German kêre , German kehre , Middle Dutch and Middle Low German kêre , Low German kêr strong feminine; but these represent Old Germanic types *kairi-z-oz or kaizi-z , oz , and *kairâ or *kaizâ , the vowel of which has no connection with that of the Old English word. No forms cognate to either are known outside Germanic.) In modern English the ordinary form of the word from the 13th cent. onwards was char : but sense 5 is now usually chare ; char , chore , chewre , are dialectal; chore also in U.S. On the other hand the compound, which in the 17th and 18th centuries was so commonly charewoman , chairwoman , is now charwoman n.

I. Obsolete senses: usually cher, char.

†1. The return or coming round again of a time; hence gen. turn, occasion, time. Obsolete.The literal sense 2 is not cited in Old English.

ΘΚΠ

the world > time > particular time > [noun]

sitheeOE

tidec897

timeeOE

mealeOE

whilec950

throwOE

charec1000

stevenOE

timeOE

seasona1300

tempest1382

world1389

occasionc1425

tidement1575

period1602

minute1607

hinta1670

epoch1728

the world > time > frequency > [noun] > recurrence > turn

charec1000

lotc1175

throwc1275

tourc1320

wheel1422

turnc1425

tourney1523

course1530

vice1637

rubbera1643

rote1831

whet1849

journey1884

c1000 West Saxon Gospels: Luke (Corpus Cambr.) xxii. 32 Æt sumum cyrre [Lindisf. hwile gicerred] gewend andtryme þine gebroðru.

c1000 Ælfric Genesis xxxviii. 18 Æt þam cyrre heo wearð mid cilde.

c1000 Sax. Leechd. I. 214 Ærest þry..æt þam feorþan cyrre nigon.

c1230 Hali Meid. 23 At an chere.

c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1963) l. 3411 Makeden hine þridde chærre king.

c1320 Sir Beues 3461 Allas! that ilche cherre Hii wente fro hire alto ferre.

†2.

a. A turning or movement back, return, retreat; figurative (in after-char, again-char) repentance. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > backward movement > [noun] > turning back or reversal of course

charec1220

gainturna1225

gain-charingc1275

reverting1540

turn1575

reflectiona1616

reversal1648

turning1806

turnaround1959

society > morality > virtue > righteousness or rectitude > reform, amendment, or correction > repentance or contrition > [noun]

reusingeOE

rueeOE

ruenessOE

bireusingc1000

penitencea1200

rutha1200

after-charc1220

again-charc1220

ruesomenessa1225

ofthinkingc1225

forthinkinga1250

repentancec1300

penancea1325

pityc1330

compunctiona1340

agenbite1340

repentingc1350

athinking1382

contritionc1386

repentaillec1390

rueinga1400

remorse of conscience (also mind)c1410

conscience?a1425

remorsea1425

penitencya1500

penitudea1538

resipiscency?c1550

penancy?1567

resipiscence1570

repent1573

brokennessa1617

remorsefulnessa1617

synteresy1616

synderesis1639

heart-searching1647

synteresis1650

remordency1658

contriteness1692

resentment1705

penitentness1727

c1220 Bestiary 643 Ðanne he makeð ðer-to char.

a1350 in G. L. Brook Harley Lyrics (1968) 45 To late comeþ þe ȝeynchar.

a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 21922 Qua-sum be-for will noght be-warr, He sal find þan nan efter-char.

a1450 (c1410) H. Lovelich Hist. Holy Grail lii. l. 617 So sore to-Gederis they Mette..there was Non geyn Char.

†b. on char: on the turn, in the act of shutting; ajar adv.¹ and adj.¹

ΚΠ

a1510 G. Douglas King Hart xlvi The dure on chare it stude.

a1513 W. Dunbar Poems (1998) I. 69 The auld kene tegir, with his teith on char.

a1522 G. Douglas tr. Virgil Æneid (1957) iii. vi. 177 Quhil percace The piping wynd blaw vp the dur on char.

a1522 G. Douglas tr. Virgil Æneid (1959) vii. Prol. 129 A schot wyndo onschet a litill on char.

†3. A turn or movement generally. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > movement > [noun] > a movement

charec1325

stirring1340

mudge1808

move1827

jee1829

shift1831

c1325 Body & Soul 157 (Mätz.) Bote as tou bere me aboute, ne miȝt I do the leste char.

a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Trin. Cambr.) l. 3172 [Abraham] drowȝe his swerde priuely þat þe childe were nat war Ar he had done þat char.

†4. A turn or stroke of work; an action, deed; a piece of work or business. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > doing > activity or occupation > [noun] > business claiming attention > an occupation or affair

charec897

matter?c1225

journeya1352

affairc1390

notea1400

incident1485

concernment1495

actiona1500

business1524

concern1680

job1680

ploya1689

show1797

game1812

caper1839

pigeon dropping1850

shebang1869

hoodoo1876

racket1880

palaver1899

scene1964

the mind > mental capacity > perception or cognition > faculty of ideation > topic, subject-matter > affair, business, concern > [noun]

thingeOE

charec897

cause1393

gleea1400

affaira1425

articlea1425

conversement1455

concernment1495

subject?1541

gear1545

concerning1604

concern1659

interest1674

lookout1795

show1797

pidgin1807

put-in1853

chip1896

thang1932

c897 K. Ælfred tr. Gregory Pastoral Care iv. 36 Menn þe bið abisgod..mid oðrum cierrum [v.r. cirrum].

c1175 Lamb. Hom. 137 Sulche monne þe him deð..wiken and cherres.

c1330 R. Mannyng Chron. Wace (Rolls) 8801 Sleyght & connyng doþ many a chare.

a1475 Bk. Curtasye (Sloane 1986) l. 96 in Babees Bk. (2002) i. 302 While þou holdes mete in mouthe, be war To drynke, þat is an-honest char.

1570 Mariage Witte & Sci. iv. iv. sig. Div^v Thys chayer is chared well.

1596 W. Warner Albions Eng. (rev. ed.) xii. lxxvi. 309 This Chaer thus chaer'd..returnes he backe.

a1640 F. Beaumont et al. Loves Cure iii. ii, in F. Beaumont & J. Fletcher Comedies & Trag. (1647) sig. Rrrrr3v/2 Here's two chewres chewrd.

1680 News fr. Country in Roxburghe Ballads (1881) IV. 201 How pure a Charr had it been then, they not one, to ten times Ten.

II. Extant sense: now usually chore n.²

5. esp. An occasional turn of work, an odd job, esp. of household work; hence in plural the household work of a domestic servant.

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > duties > [noun] > piece of work or task > small or domestic

charec1325

chore1746

society > occupation and work > duties > [noun] > piece of work or task > small or domestic > chores

charec1325

trucks1808

chore1820

c1325 Pol. Songs 341 Unnethe wolde eny don a char.

c1410 N. Love tr. Bonaventura Mirror Life Christ (Gibbs MS.) xiii. 32 Makyng þe beddes and suche oþer chares.

1606 Bp. J. Hall Medit. & Vowes III. §21 Many weare Gods cloth..that never did good chare in his seruice.

a1616 W. Shakespeare Antony & Cleopatra (1623) iv. xvi. 77 The Maid that Milkes, And doe's the meanest chares .

1679 tr. Trag. Hist. Jetzer 2 Cleft out Wood, carryed Stones, and did other odd Chairs.

1832 T. De Quincey Cæsars in Blackwood's Edinb. Mag. Dec. 955/2 The peasant who does the humblest chares.

1866 Daily Tel. 30 Jan. 5/2 The mother will be grey, and ‘past chares’.

1881 M. E. Braddon Asphodel III. 321 Not less monotonous than the humblest chars.

1881 T. H. Huxley Sci. & Culture ii. 34 Mere handicrafts and chares.

Compounds

In sense 5. See also char- comb. form.

chare-work n.

ΚΠ

1613 T. Heywood Brazen Age ii. ii, in Wks. (1874) III. 240 Woman..spinnes, Cards, and doth chare-worke.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1889; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

charen.²

Brit.

/tʃɛː/, U.S.

/tʃɛ(ə)r/

Forms: Middle English chihera, Middle English chere, Middle English– chare; also 1500s chayer, 1700s chair.

Etymology: ? The same as chare n.¹ turning; compare Scots wynd.

Local name for a narrow lane, alley, or wynd, in Newcastle and some neighbouring towns; also for some country lanes and field tracks, e.g. the three which converge at Chare ends, by the landing-place on Holy Island.

ΘΚΠ

society > travel > means of travel > route or way > way, passage, or means of access to a place > [noun] > narrow passage or narrow part of passage

chare12..

danger1393

throata1522

creek1573

pass1712

push-through1888

society > travel > means of travel > route or way > way, path, or track > track, trail, or path > [noun] > through forest, wood, or fields

wayOE

chare12..

Indian path1634

rackway1685

drive1797

Indian trail1813

wood-road1821

society > travel > means of travel > route or way > way, path, or track > lane > [noun] > between buildings

twitchenOE

chare12..

shut1300

alley1360

entryc1405

wyndc1425

vennel1435

trance1545

row1599

ginnel1669

ruelle1679

gangway1785

pend close1819

ope1825

jitty1836

scutchell1847

gully1849

bolt1855

opeway1881

snicket1898

jigger1902

jowler1961

12.. Carta Will. de Glanavilla in Surtees Hist. Durham (Gateshead) Poters-chihera.

a1400 Carta Will. de Glanavilla in Surtees Hist. Durham (Gateshead) Waldeschere.

1430 Inquest on death of R. Thornton in Surtees Hist. Durham (Gateshead) Pylot-chare.

1596 in J. Raine Wills & Inventories N. Counties Eng. (1835) I. 263 In the lowe seller, in Chapmane chayer.

1707 London Gaz. No. 4293/3 A Large Dwelling-House in the Broad Chair in Newcastle upon Tyne..will be sold.

1772 T. Pennant Tour Scotl. (1790) III. 305 The lower streets and chares or alleys are extremely narrow.

1862 S. Smiles Lives Engineers III. 411 The queer chares and closes, the wynds and lanes of Newcastle.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1889; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

charen.³

chariot, car: see char n.²

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1889; most recently modified version published online December 2019).

† charen.⁴

Etymology: < Old French char (modern French chair) < Latin carn-em flesh.

Obsolete.

1. Flesh, meat. (Only in French names of dishes.)

ΚΠ

1461–83 Liber Niger Edw. IV in Coll. Ordinances Royal Househ. (1790) 30 For his yoman..he taketh dayly, one payne, one messe gros chare [elsewhere ‘gret flessh’, ‘great meat’].

?a1500 in F. J. Furnivall Queene Elizabethes Achademy (1869) i. 92 Graunte chare.

a. ‘Flesh’ or pulp of fruit, as in the following:

† chare de quince n. Obsolete Obsolete. Also Middle English chardecoynes, -qweyns, charequynses, 1500s chardequynce. [ < French *chair de coings (Old French cooins ) pulp of quinces: see quince n.¹] A preserve made of the pulp of quinces.

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > food > animals for food > [noun] > meat

flesha800

flesh-meatc1020

meata1325

brawn1393

charec1440

flesh-victual1562

flesh-kind1712

carcass meat1948

fleishig1952

the world > food and drink > food > dishes and prepared food > preserve > [noun] > preserve of quinces

quinadea1450

cotiniatea1500

chare de quince1508

codiniac1539

quiddany1602

quindiniaca1655

membrillo1920

c1440 Douce MS 55 f. 28 b In maner as men seth chare de quincys.

c1440 Anc. Cookery in Coll. Ordinances Royal Househ. (1790) 455 A halfe pounde of chardecoynes.

1451 M. Paston in Paston Lett. & Papers (2004) I. 247 I pray yow that ye wol send me a booke wyth chardeqweyns that I may have of in the mo[r]nyngges, for the eyeres be not holsom in this town.

1469 in Coll. Ordinances Royal Househ. (1790) 95 Empty pottes of grene gynger, bagges, bookes of charequynses, boxes of comfettes.

1469 in Coll. Ordinances Royal Househ. (1790) 103 Charequynses, 10lb. the boke, vs.—2l. 10s.

1508 Bk. Keruynge (de Worde) sig. A.ii Loke ye haue in all seasons butter chese apples peres nottes..compost grene gynger and charde quynce.

b. † chare de wardon n. Obsolete Obsolete. A preserve made of the pulp of Warden pears.

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > food > dishes and prepared food > preserve > [noun] > other preserves

rob?a1425

white leachc1450

chare de wardon?a1500

pignolate?1543

angel hair1843

marron glacé1871

c1425 15th c. Cookery Bk. (Harl. 279) §34 Chardewardon.—Take Pere Wardonys, sethe hem in Wyne or in fayre Water.

?a1500 in F. J. Furnivall Queene Elizabethes Achademy (1869) i. 91 Chare de wardon.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1889; most recently modified version published online December 2021).

† chareadj.

Etymology: Apparently shortened < chary adj.: ? influenced by chere adj. French cher dear.

Obsolete.

1. = chary adj.; careful.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > manner of action > care, carefulness, or attention > [adjective]

busyOE

carefula1000

orne?c1225

intentivec1290

soignous1340

curiousc1386

diligentc1400

well-advisedc1405

thoughtfulc1450

thoughtyc1480

keepful1489

tentfula1525

respective1525

solicit?1526

heedful1548

heedy1548

tentyc1555

chare1564

respectful1585

tentible1603

solicitous1610

observant1627

care-taking1825

leery1911

1564 Briefe Exam. As the prudent and chare ouerseers iudge.

1567 A. Golding tr. Ovid Metamorphosis (new ed.) xiv. f. 181 My forest Ide of which I am most chare.

1587 A. Fleming et al. Holinshed's Chron. (new ed.) III. Contin. 1339/1 Chare defense of faithfull league.

2. Dear. Cf. chary adj. 3, chere adj.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > emotion > love > loved one > [adjective]

lief and deara900

dearOE

sweetOE

lovedOE

dearlyOE

liefOE

dearworth?c1225

chere1297

lovered1340

beloveda1375

dearworthyc1374

chary?a1400

sugaredc1475

tender1485

chereful1486

affectionatea1513

dilect1521

chare1583

ingling1595

darling1596

affected1600

in the love of1631

jewel-darling1643

adorable1653

fonded1684

endeared1841

dotey1852

1583 A. Golding tr. J. Calvin Serm. on Deuteronomie xxiii. 134 He sheweth howe deare and chare our soulehealth is vnto him.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1889; most recently modified version published online March 2021).

charecharv.¹

Brit.

/tʃɛː/,

/tʃɑː/, U.S.

/tʃɛ(ə)r/

Forms: Old English ciérran, cerran, cyrran, Middle English cherre, Middle English cher, Middle English churre, chearre, Middle English chere, Middle English charre, Middle English–1500s charr, 1600s ( chaer, chewre), Middle English– chare, Middle English– char.

Etymology: Old English cęrran (Vespasian Psalter) West Saxon cięrran, cyrran < Old Germanic type *karrjan or *karzjan , < *karri- *karzi , Old English cęrre , chare n.¹ Senses 4, 5 are perhaps newly formed on the noun.(Often identified with Old High German chêran , chêrran ( < chêrjan ) Middle High German kêren , German kehren , Old Low German kêrjan (kêrôn ), Middle Dutch kêren , Dutch keeren Old Frisian kêra , with the same signification. But these represent an Old Germanic *kairjan or *kaizjan , the vocalism of which is entirely different. Compare chare n.¹). The modern form is generally char; chore and chewre are dialect.

†1.

a. transitive. To turn; esp. to turn aside or away (also with by); to lead aside; to drive away. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > change of direction of movement > change direction of movement of [verb (transitive)] > cause to deviate from course

charec1000

wrencha1200

turnc1275

to turn againc1330

swerve1390

wrya1400

reflectc1425

traverse1438

to turn aside1535

deduce1541

divert1548

to turn off1573

wrig1582

react1599

deflect1615

slent1639

decline1646

deviate1660

to wind off1677

sway1678

warp1814

switch1861

baffle1883

c1000 Ags. Ps. cxiii.[iv] 8 He..clifu cyrreð on cwicu swylce wæteres wellan.

a1240 Lofsong in Cott. Hom. 215 And cher me from sunne.

c1325 Metr. Hom. (1862) 52 Satenas our wai will charre.

a1400 Cov. Myst. (1841) 325 And chare awey the crowe.

c1400 (?c1390) Sir Gawain & Green Knight (1940) l. 850 Þe lorde hym charred to a chambre.

a1522 G. Douglas tr. Virgil Æneid (1957) ii. iv. 43 As a bull..charris by the ax with his nek wight.

?1553 (c1501) G. Douglas Palice of Honour (London) i. l. 294 in Shorter Poems (1967) 26 And stand on rowme quhare bettyr folk bene charrit.

1674 J. Ray N. Countrey Words in Coll. Eng. Words 10 Chare, to stop: as char the Cow, i.e. Stop or turn her. [So 1721 in Bailey.]

†b. Inverted constr. (= ‘to turn the rain from her’.) Obsolete. rare.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > safety > protection or defence > protect or defend [verb (transitive)]

shieldc825

frithc893

werea900

i-schield971

berghOE

biwerec1000

grithc1000

witec1000

keepc1175

burghena1225

ward?c1225

hilla1240

warrantc1275

witiec1275

forhilla1300

umshadea1300

defendc1325

fendc1330

to hold in or to warrantc1330

bielda1350

warisha1375

succoura1387

defencea1398

shrouda1400

umbeshadow14..

shelvec1425

targec1430

protect?1435

obumber?1440

thorn1483

warrantise1490

charea1500

safeguard1501

heild?a1513

shend1530

warrant1530

shadow1548

fence1577

safekeep1588

bucklera1593

counterguard1594

save1595

tara1612

target1611

screenc1613

pre-arm1615

custodite1657

shelter1667

to guard against1725

cushion1836

enshield1855

mind1924

buffer1958

a1500 Prose Leg. in Anglia VIII. 142 She hadde no cloþes to chare hir fro þe rayne.

†2. reflexive in sense of 3. Obsolete.

ΚΠ

OE Christ & Satan 697 Cer ðe on bæcling!

c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1978) l. 10611 Þis isæh Childric & gon him to charren [c1300 Otho flende].

c1540 (?a1400) Destr. Troy 8643 Achilles for the chop cherit hym not litle, Braid out of batell, bound vp his wounde.]

†3.

a. intransitive. To turn; esp. to turn away or aside, depart; to turn back, return. Obsolete. Cf. again-chare v.

ΘΚΠ

the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > change of direction of movement > change direction of movement [verb (intransitive)]

charec1000

stintc1330

turnc1330

to turn awaya1382

windc1385

casta1475

rebatea1500

strike1576

to cast about1591

veer1769

to come around1797

twist?1801

vert1859

society > travel > aspects of travel > travel in specific course or direction > direct one's course [verb (intransitive)] > turn back or retrace one's steps

charec1000

i-cherrec1000

again-wendOE

again-turna1375

to turn backc1425

reflect1608

redambulate1623

to tread back one's steps1777

back track1802

to try back1816

back-track1904

back-trail1907

society > travel > aspects of travel > travel in specific course or direction > direct one's course [verb (reflexive)] > turn back

charec1000

c1000 Ags. Ps. lxix. [lxx.] 3 Hi on hinderlincg..cyrrað.

c1175 Lamb. Hom. 79 Hwan ic aȝen cherre.

a1225 Juliana 33 Te þreo children þe chearre nalden from þe lahen.

a1250 Prov. Ælfred 85 in Old Eng. Misc. 106 Eueruyches monnes dom to his owere dure churreþ.

c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1978) l. 14720 And charde aȝein sone eft into Rome.

a1325 (c1250) Gen. & Exod. (1968) l. 2390 Or ic of werlde chare.

c1375 ? J. Barbour St. Theodera 121 Scho..as scho mycht, did turne & chare.

†b. To turn from one bodily state, belief, etc., to another. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > time > change > change [verb (intransitive)] > pass into state, become

yworthOE

worthOE

goOE

becomec1175

come?a1200

waxc1220

charea1225

aworthc1275

makea1300

fallc1300

breedc1325

grow1340

strikea1375

yern1377

entera1382

turna1400

smitec1400

raxa1500

resolvea1500

to get into ——?1510

waxen1540

get1558

prove1560

proceed1578

befall1592

drop1654

evade1677

emerge1699

to turn out1740

to gain into1756

permute1864

slip1864

a1225 Leg. Kath. 2260 Chear ananriht, þæt te oðre chearren þurh þe.

c1330 R. Mannyng Chron. Wace (Rolls) 15730 Þe ffeuere agu ful sore hym hatte; But sone he chared [Wace Dont cil retorne] & wel swatte.

4. transitive. To do, accomplish (a turn of work). archaic or Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > carrying out > execute, perform, or carry out [verb (transitive)]

lasteOE

ylastc888

wieldeOE

doeOE

dreeOE

forthOE

fremeOE

workOE

affordOE

full-bringc1175

fulfila1225

perfurnisha1325

complishc1374

performc1384

achievea1393

chevisea1400

practic?a1425

exploitc1425

execute1477

furnish1477

through1498

practa1513

enure1549

chare1570

enact1597

act1602

to carry out1608

outcarry1611

celebrate1615

complya1616

peract1621

tide1631

implement1837

1570 Mariage Witte & Sci. iv. iv. sig. Div^v Thys chayer is chared well.

1602 W. Warner Albions Eng. (1612) xii. lxxiv. 306 This Chaer thus chaerd..returnes he backe.

a1625 W. Shakespeare & J. Fletcher Two Noble Kinsmen (1634) iii. ii. 21 All's char'd when he is gone.

a1640 F. Beaumont et al. Loves Cure iii. ii, in F. Beaumont & J. Fletcher Comedies & Trag. (1647) sig. Rrrrr3^v/2 Here's two chewres chewrd.

1816 W. Scott Black Dwarf vii, in Tales of my Landlord 1st Ser. I. 137 How now, ruffian?..is thy job chared?

5. intransitive. (Now usually in form char.) To do odd turns or jobs, esp. of housework; to work in this way by the day, without continuous employment; hence transitive (colloquial) to do the cleaning work of (a house).

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > working > [verb (intransitive)] > work in other specific ways or conditions

dead horse1640

grub1798

subcontract1827

chare1828

slut1829

to take up one's livery1839

hat1868

to work on tribute1869

freelance1904

work1920

nine-to-five1962

job-share1978

telework1983

society > authority > subjection > service > servant > personal or domestic servant > domestic servant > act as domestic servant [verb (transitive)] > clean house as charwoman

chare1828

society > authority > subjection > service > servant > personal or domestic servant > domestic servant > be in domestic service [verb (intransitive)] > come in to work in a house > char or do odd jobs

chore1746

chare1828

oblige1933

odd-job1944

1828 M. R. Mitford Our Village (1863) III. 528 The identical lady of the mop, who occasionally chared at the house.

1837 C. Dickens Pickwick Papers xxxii. 348 Betsy Martin... Goes out charing and washing, by the day.

1906 Daily Chron. 28 Aug. 8/5 I feel grateful to ‘My Charwoman’, for it is certain she knows her business—she can char.

1925 Contemp. Rev. July 86 The scene where Lummox ‘chars’ in an immoral house.

Derivatives

charrer n.

ΚΠ

1881 Instr. Census Clerks (1885) 114 Charrer... Charwoman.

ˈcharing n.

ΚΠ

1732 Acc. Workhouses (ed. 2) 95 If any person shall go a begging, or charing..they shall be sent to Bridewell.

1810 S. T. Coleridge Friend (1883) 230 Him, herself, and two little children, she had to maintain by washing and charing (note, I am ignorant whether there be any classical authority for this word, but I know no other word that expresses occasional day labour in the houses of others).

1864 H. Kingsley in Macmillan's Mag. Dec. 144 Look at that girl's charing; why I never see anything like it, with the exception of Mrs. Chittle, who chared Park Villa at the end of a fortnight, nursing two.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1889; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

charev.²

In Bailey, etc., misprint for chave v.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1889; most recently modified version published online March 2019).

n.¹c897

n.²12..

n.³

n.⁴c1425

adj.1564

v.¹c1000

v.²

单词	chare
释义	charecharn.¹ Brit. /tʃɛː/, /tʃɑː/, U.S. /tʃɛ(ə)r/ Forms: Old English cierr, cirr, cerr, cyrr, Middle English cherre, Middle English chærre, chearre, Middle English chere, Middle English charre, 1500s–1600s chair, (1600s chaer, chewre, charr), Middle English– chare, Middle English– char; see also the variant chore n.² Etymology: Old English cęrr , cięrr , cyrr , masculine i- stem < Old Germanic type karri-z or karzi-z : compare chare v.¹(Often identified with Old High German chêr , Middle High German kêr , German kehr , Middle Dutch kêr , Dutch keer , masculine; besides which there is Old High German chêra , Middle High German kêre , German kehre , Middle Dutch and Middle Low German kêre , Low German kêr strong feminine; but these represent Old Germanic types kairi-z-oz or kaizi-z* , oz , and kairâ or kaizâ , the vowel of which has no connection with that of the Old English word. No forms cognate to either are known outside Germanic.) In modern English the ordinary form of the word from the 13th cent. onwards was char : but sense 5 is now usually chare ; char , chore , chewre , are dialectal; chore also in U.S. On the other hand the compound, which in the 17th and 18th centuries was so commonly charewoman , chairwoman , is now charwoman n. I. Obsolete senses: usually cher, char. †1. The return or coming round again of a time; hence gen. turn, occasion, time. Obsolete.The literal sense 2 is not cited in Old English. ΘΚΠ the world > time > particular time > [noun] sitheeOE tidec897 timeeOE mealeOE whilec950 throwOE charec1000 stevenOE timeOE seasona1300 tempest1382 world1389 occasionc1425 tidement1575 period1602 minute1607 hinta1670 epoch1728 the world > time > frequency > [noun] > recurrence > turn charec1000 lotc1175 throwc1275 tourc1320 wheel1422 turnc1425 tourney1523 course1530 vice1637 rubbera1643 rote1831 whet1849 journey1884 c1000 West Saxon Gospels: Luke (Corpus Cambr.) xxii. 32 Æt sumum cyrre [Lindisf. hwile gicerred] gewend andtryme þine gebroðru. c1000 Ælfric Genesis xxxviii. 18 Æt þam cyrre heo wearð mid cilde. c1000 Sax. Leechd. I. 214 Ærest þry..æt þam feorþan cyrre nigon. c1230 Hali Meid. 23 At an chere. c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1963) l. 3411 Makeden hine þridde chærre king. c1320 Sir Beues 3461 Allas! that ilche cherre Hii wente fro hire alto ferre. †2. a. A turning or movement back, return, retreat; figurative (in after-char, again-char) repentance. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > backward movement > [noun] > turning back or reversal of course charec1220 gainturna1225 gain-charingc1275 reverting1540 turn1575 reflectiona1616 reversal1648 turning1806 turnaround1959 society > morality > virtue > righteousness or rectitude > reform, amendment, or correction > repentance or contrition > [noun] reusingeOE rueeOE ruenessOE bireusingc1000 penitencea1200 rutha1200 after-charc1220 again-charc1220 ruesomenessa1225 ofthinkingc1225 forthinkinga1250 repentancec1300 penancea1325 pityc1330 compunctiona1340 agenbite1340 repentingc1350 athinking1382 contritionc1386 repentaillec1390 rueinga1400 remorse of conscience (also mind)c1410 conscience?a1425 remorsea1425 penitencya1500 penitudea1538 resipiscency?c1550 penancy?1567 resipiscence1570 repent1573 brokennessa1617 remorsefulnessa1617 synteresy1616 synderesis1639 heart-searching1647 synteresis1650 remordency1658 contriteness1692 resentment1705 penitentness1727 c1220 Bestiary 643 Ðanne he makeð ðer-to char. a1350 in G. L. Brook Harley Lyrics (1968) 45 To late comeþ þe ȝeynchar. a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 21922 Qua-sum be-for will noght be-warr, He sal find þan nan efter-char. a1450 (c1410) H. Lovelich Hist. Holy Grail lii. l. 617 So sore to-Gederis they Mette..there was Non geyn Char. †b. on char: on the turn, in the act of shutting; ajar adv.¹ and adj.¹ ΚΠ a1510 G. Douglas King Hart xlvi The dure on chare it stude. a1513 W. Dunbar Poems (1998) I. 69 The auld kene tegir, with his teith on char. a1522 G. Douglas tr. Virgil Æneid (1957) iii. vi. 177 Quhil percace The piping wynd blaw vp the dur on char. a1522 G. Douglas tr. Virgil Æneid (1959) vii. Prol. 129 A schot wyndo onschet a litill on char. †3. A turn or movement generally. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > movement > [noun] > a movement charec1325 stirring1340 mudge1808 move1827 jee1829 shift1831 c1325 Body & Soul 157 (Mätz.) Bote as tou bere me aboute, ne miȝt I do the leste char. a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Trin. Cambr.) l. 3172 [Abraham] drowȝe his swerde priuely þat þe childe were nat war Ar he had done þat char. †4. A turn or stroke of work; an action, deed; a piece of work or business. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > doing > activity or occupation > [noun] > business claiming attention > an occupation or affair charec897 matter?c1225 journeya1352 affairc1390 notea1400 incident1485 concernment1495 actiona1500 business1524 concern1680 job1680 ploya1689 show1797 game1812 caper1839 pigeon dropping1850 shebang1869 hoodoo1876 racket1880 palaver1899 scene1964 the mind > mental capacity > perception or cognition > faculty of ideation > topic, subject-matter > affair, business, concern > [noun] thingeOE charec897 cause1393 gleea1400 affaira1425 articlea1425 conversement1455 concernment1495 subject?1541 gear1545 concerning1604 concern1659 interest1674 lookout1795 show1797 pidgin1807 put-in1853 chip1896 thang1932 c897 K. Ælfred tr. Gregory Pastoral Care iv. 36 Menn þe bið abisgod..mid oðrum cierrum [v.r. cirrum]. c1175 Lamb. Hom. 137 Sulche monne þe him deð..wiken and cherres. c1330 R. Mannyng Chron. Wace (Rolls) 8801 Sleyght & connyng doþ many a chare. a1475 Bk. Curtasye (Sloane 1986) l. 96 in Babees Bk. (2002) i. 302 While þou holdes mete in mouthe, be war To drynke, þat is an-honest char. 1570 Mariage Witte & Sci. iv. iv. sig. Div^v Thys chayer is chared well. 1596 W. Warner Albions Eng. (rev. ed.) xii. lxxvi. 309 This Chaer thus chaer'd..returnes he backe. a1640 F. Beaumont et al. Loves Cure iii. ii, in F. Beaumont & J. Fletcher Comedies & Trag. (1647) sig. Rrrrr3v/2 Here's two chewres chewrd. 1680 News fr. Country in Roxburghe Ballads (1881) IV. 201 How pure a Charr had it been then, they not one, to ten times Ten. II. Extant sense: now usually chore n.² 5. esp. An occasional turn of work, an odd job, esp. of household work; hence in plural the household work of a domestic servant. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > duties > [noun] > piece of work or task > small or domestic charec1325 chore1746 society > occupation and work > duties > [noun] > piece of work or task > small or domestic > chores charec1325 trucks1808 chore1820 c1325 Pol. Songs 341 Unnethe wolde eny don a char. c1410 N. Love tr. Bonaventura Mirror Life Christ (Gibbs MS.) xiii. 32 Makyng þe beddes and suche oþer chares. 1606 Bp. J. Hall Medit. & Vowes III. §21 Many weare Gods cloth..that never did good chare in his seruice. a1616 W. Shakespeare Antony & Cleopatra (1623) iv. xvi. 77 The Maid that Milkes, And doe's the meanest chares . View more context for this quotation 1679 tr. Trag. Hist. Jetzer 2 Cleft out Wood, carryed Stones, and did other odd Chairs. 1832 T. De Quincey Cæsars in Blackwood's Edinb. Mag. Dec. 955/2 The peasant who does the humblest chares. 1866 Daily Tel. 30 Jan. 5/2 The mother will be grey, and ‘past chares’. 1881 M. E. Braddon Asphodel III. 321 Not less monotonous than the humblest chars. 1881 T. H. Huxley Sci. & Culture ii. 34 Mere handicrafts and chares. Compounds In sense 5. See also char- comb. form. chare-work n. ΚΠ 1613 T. Heywood Brazen Age ii. ii, in Wks. (1874) III. 240 Woman..spinnes, Cards, and doth chare-worke. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1889; most recently modified version published online March 2022). charen.² Brit. /tʃɛː/, U.S. /tʃɛ(ə)r/ Forms: Middle English chihera, Middle English chere, Middle English– chare; also 1500s chayer, 1700s chair. Etymology: ? The same as chare n.¹ turning; compare Scots wynd. Local name for a narrow lane, alley, or wynd, in Newcastle and some neighbouring towns; also for some country lanes and field tracks, e.g. the three which converge at Chare ends, by the landing-place on Holy Island. ΘΚΠ society > travel > means of travel > route or way > way, passage, or means of access to a place > [noun] > narrow passage or narrow part of passage chare12.. danger1393 throata1522 creek1573 pass1712 push-through1888 society > travel > means of travel > route or way > way, path, or track > track, trail, or path > [noun] > through forest, wood, or fields wayOE chare12.. Indian path1634 rackway1685 drive1797 Indian trail1813 wood-road1821 society > travel > means of travel > route or way > way, path, or track > lane > [noun] > between buildings twitchenOE chare12.. shut1300 alley1360 entryc1405 wyndc1425 vennel1435 trance1545 row1599 ginnel1669 ruelle1679 gangway1785 pend close1819 ope1825 jitty1836 scutchell1847 gully1849 bolt1855 opeway1881 snicket1898 jigger1902 jowler1961 12.. Carta Will. de Glanavilla in Surtees Hist. Durham (Gateshead) Poters-chihera. a1400 Carta Will. de Glanavilla in Surtees Hist. Durham (Gateshead) Waldeschere. 1430 Inquest on death of R. Thornton in Surtees Hist. Durham (Gateshead) Pylot-chare. 1596 in J. Raine Wills & Inventories N. Counties Eng. (1835) I. 263 In the lowe seller, in Chapmane chayer. 1707 London Gaz. No. 4293/3 A Large Dwelling-House in the Broad Chair in Newcastle upon Tyne..will be sold. 1772 T. Pennant Tour Scotl. (1790) III. 305 The lower streets and chares or alleys are extremely narrow. 1862 S. Smiles Lives Engineers III. 411 The queer chares and closes, the wynds and lanes of Newcastle. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1889; most recently modified version published online March 2022). charen.³ chariot, car: see char n.² This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1889; most recently modified version published online December 2019). † charen.⁴ Etymology: < Old French char (modern French chair) < Latin carn-em flesh. Obsolete. 1. Flesh, meat. (Only in French names of dishes.) ΚΠ 1461–83 Liber Niger Edw. IV in Coll. Ordinances Royal Househ. (1790) 30 For his yoman..he taketh dayly, one payne, one messe gros chare [elsewhere ‘gret flessh’, ‘great meat’]. ?a1500 in F. J. Furnivall Queene Elizabethes Achademy (1869) i. 92 Graunte chare. 2. a. ‘Flesh’ or pulp of fruit, as in the following: † chare de quince n. Obsolete Obsolete. Also Middle English chardecoynes, -qweyns, charequynses, 1500s chardequynce. [ < French chair de coings (Old French cooins* ) pulp of quinces: see quince n.¹] A preserve made of the pulp of quinces. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > food > animals for food > [noun] > meat flesha800 flesh-meatc1020 meata1325 brawn1393 charec1440 flesh-victual1562 flesh-kind1712 carcass meat1948 fleishig1952 the world > food and drink > food > dishes and prepared food > preserve > [noun] > preserve of quinces quinadea1450 cotiniatea1500 chare de quince1508 codiniac1539 quiddany1602 quindiniaca1655 membrillo1920 c1440 Douce MS 55 f. 28 b In maner as men seth chare de quincys. c1440 Anc. Cookery in Coll. Ordinances Royal Househ. (1790) 455 A halfe pounde of chardecoynes. 1451 M. Paston in Paston Lett. & Papers (2004) I. 247 I pray yow that ye wol send me a booke wyth chardeqweyns that I may have of in the mo[r]nyngges, for the eyeres be not holsom in this town. 1469 in Coll. Ordinances Royal Househ. (1790) 95 Empty pottes of grene gynger, bagges, bookes of charequynses, boxes of comfettes. 1469 in Coll. Ordinances Royal Househ. (1790) 103 Charequynses, 10lb. the boke, vs.—2l. 10s. 1508 Bk. Keruynge (de Worde) sig. A.ii Loke ye haue in all seasons butter chese apples peres nottes..compost grene gynger and charde quynce. b. † chare de wardon n. Obsolete Obsolete. A preserve made of the pulp of Warden pears. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > food > dishes and prepared food > preserve > [noun] > other preserves rob?a1425 white leachc1450 chare de wardon?a1500 pignolate?1543 angel hair1843 marron glacé1871 c1425 15th c. Cookery Bk. (Harl. 279) §34 Chardewardon.—Take Pere Wardonys, sethe hem in Wyne or in fayre Water. ?a1500 in F. J. Furnivall Queene Elizabethes Achademy (1869) i. 91 Chare de wardon. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1889; most recently modified version published online December 2021). † chareadj. Etymology: Apparently shortened < chary adj.: ? influenced by chere adj. French cher dear. Obsolete. 1. = chary adj.; careful. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > manner of action > care, carefulness, or attention > [adjective] busyOE carefula1000 orne?c1225 intentivec1290 soignous1340 curiousc1386 diligentc1400 well-advisedc1405 thoughtfulc1450 thoughtyc1480 keepful1489 tentfula1525 respective1525 solicit?1526 heedful1548 heedy1548 tentyc1555 chare1564 respectful1585 tentible1603 solicitous1610 observant1627 care-taking1825 leery1911 1564 Briefe Exam. As the prudent and chare ouerseers iudge. 1567 A. Golding tr. Ovid Metamorphosis (new ed.) xiv. f. 181 My forest Ide of which I am most chare. 1587 A. Fleming et al. Holinshed's Chron. (new ed.) III. Contin. 1339/1 Chare defense of faithfull league. 2. Dear. Cf. chary adj. 3, chere adj. ΘΚΠ the mind > emotion > love > loved one > [adjective] lief and deara900 dearOE sweetOE lovedOE dearlyOE liefOE dearworth?c1225 chere1297 lovered1340 beloveda1375 dearworthyc1374 chary?a1400 sugaredc1475 tender1485 chereful1486 affectionatea1513 dilect1521 chare1583 ingling1595 darling1596 affected1600 in the love of1631 jewel-darling1643 adorable1653 fonded1684 endeared1841 dotey1852 1583 A. Golding tr. J. Calvin Serm. on Deuteronomie xxiii. 134 He sheweth howe deare and chare our soulehealth is vnto him. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1889; most recently modified version published online March 2021). charecharv.¹ Brit. /tʃɛː/, /tʃɑː/, U.S. /tʃɛ(ə)r/ Forms: Old English ciérran, cerran, cyrran, Middle English cherre, Middle English cher, Middle English churre, chearre, Middle English chere, Middle English charre, Middle English–1500s charr, 1600s ( chaer, chewre), Middle English– chare, Middle English– char. Etymology: Old English cęrran (Vespasian Psalter) West Saxon cięrran, cyrran < Old Germanic type karrjan or karzjan , < karri- karzi , Old English cęrre , chare n.¹ Senses 4, 5 are perhaps newly formed on the noun.(Often identified with Old High German chêran , chêrran ( < chêrjan ) Middle High German kêren , German kehren , Old Low German kêrjan (kêrôn ), Middle Dutch kêren , Dutch keeren Old Frisian kêra , with the same signification. But these represent an Old Germanic kairjan or kaizjan , the vocalism of which is entirely different. Compare chare n.¹). The modern form is generally char; chore and chewre are dialect. †1. a. transitive. To turn; esp. to turn aside or away (also with by); to lead aside; to drive away. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > change of direction of movement > change direction of movement of [verb (transitive)] > cause to deviate from course charec1000 wrencha1200 turnc1275 to turn againc1330 swerve1390 wrya1400 reflectc1425 traverse1438 to turn aside1535 deduce1541 divert1548 to turn off1573 wrig1582 react1599 deflect1615 slent1639 decline1646 deviate1660 to wind off1677 sway1678 warp1814 switch1861 baffle1883 c1000 Ags. Ps. cxiii.[iv] 8 He..clifu cyrreð on cwicu swylce wæteres wellan. a1240 Lofsong in Cott. Hom. 215 And cher me from sunne. c1325 Metr. Hom. (1862) 52 Satenas our wai will charre. a1400 Cov. Myst. (1841) 325 And chare awey the crowe. c1400 (?c1390) Sir Gawain & Green Knight (1940) l. 850 Þe lorde hym charred to a chambre. a1522 G. Douglas tr. Virgil Æneid (1957) ii. iv. 43 As a bull..charris by the ax with his nek wight. ?1553 (c1501) G. Douglas Palice of Honour (London) i. l. 294 in Shorter Poems (1967) 26 And stand on rowme quhare bettyr folk bene charrit. 1674 J. Ray N. Countrey Words in Coll. Eng. Words 10 Chare, to stop: as char the Cow, i.e. Stop or turn her. [So 1721 in Bailey.] †b. Inverted constr. (= ‘to turn the rain from her’.) Obsolete. rare. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > safety > protection or defence > protect or defend [verb (transitive)] shieldc825 frithc893 werea900 i-schield971 berghOE biwerec1000 grithc1000 witec1000 keepc1175 burghena1225 ward?c1225 hilla1240 warrantc1275 witiec1275 forhilla1300 umshadea1300 defendc1325 fendc1330 to hold in or to warrantc1330 bielda1350 warisha1375 succoura1387 defencea1398 shrouda1400 umbeshadow14.. shelvec1425 targec1430 protect?1435 obumber?1440 thorn1483 warrantise1490 charea1500 safeguard1501 heild?a1513 shend1530 warrant1530 shadow1548 fence1577 safekeep1588 bucklera1593 counterguard1594 save1595 tara1612 target1611 screenc1613 pre-arm1615 custodite1657 shelter1667 to guard against1725 cushion1836 enshield1855 mind1924 buffer1958 a1500 Prose Leg. in Anglia VIII. 142 She hadde no cloþes to chare hir fro þe rayne. †2. reflexive in sense of 3. Obsolete. ΚΠ OE Christ & Satan 697 Cer ðe on bæcling! c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1978) l. 10611 Þis isæh Childric & gon him to charren [c1300 Otho flende]. c1540 (?a1400) Destr. Troy 8643 Achilles for the chop cherit hym not litle, Braid out of batell, bound vp his wounde.] †3. a. intransitive. To turn; esp. to turn away or aside, depart; to turn back, return. Obsolete. Cf. again-chare v. ΘΚΠ the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > change of direction of movement > change direction of movement [verb (intransitive)] charec1000 stintc1330 turnc1330 to turn awaya1382 windc1385 casta1475 rebatea1500 strike1576 to cast about1591 veer1769 to come around1797 twist?1801 vert1859 society > travel > aspects of travel > travel in specific course or direction > direct one's course [verb (intransitive)] > turn back or retrace one's steps charec1000 i-cherrec1000 again-wendOE again-turna1375 to turn backc1425 reflect1608 redambulate1623 to tread back one's steps1777 back track1802 to try back1816 back-track1904 back-trail1907 society > travel > aspects of travel > travel in specific course or direction > direct one's course [verb (reflexive)] > turn back charec1000 c1000 Ags. Ps. lxix. [lxx.] 3 Hi on hinderlincg..cyrrað. c1175 Lamb. Hom. 79 Hwan ic aȝen cherre. a1225 Juliana 33 Te þreo children þe chearre nalden from þe lahen. a1250 Prov. Ælfred 85 in Old Eng. Misc. 106 Eueruyches monnes dom to his owere dure churreþ. c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1978) l. 14720 And charde aȝein sone eft into Rome. a1325 (c1250) Gen. & Exod. (1968) l. 2390 Or ic of werlde chare. c1375 ? J. Barbour St. Theodera 121 Scho..as scho mycht, did turne & chare. †b. To turn from one bodily state, belief, etc., to another. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > time > change > change [verb (intransitive)] > pass into state, become yworthOE worthOE goOE becomec1175 come?a1200 waxc1220 charea1225 aworthc1275 makea1300 fallc1300 breedc1325 grow1340 strikea1375 yern1377 entera1382 turna1400 smitec1400 raxa1500 resolvea1500 to get into ——?1510 waxen1540 get1558 prove1560 proceed1578 befall1592 drop1654 evade1677 emerge1699 to turn out1740 to gain into1756 permute1864 slip1864 a1225 Leg. Kath. 2260 Chear ananriht, þæt te oðre chearren þurh þe. c1330 R. Mannyng Chron. Wace (Rolls) 15730 Þe ffeuere agu ful sore hym hatte; But sone he chared [Wace Dont cil retorne] & wel swatte. 4. transitive. To do, accomplish (a turn of work). archaic or Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > carrying out > execute, perform, or carry out [verb (transitive)] lasteOE ylastc888 wieldeOE doeOE dreeOE forthOE fremeOE workOE affordOE full-bringc1175 fulfila1225 perfurnisha1325 complishc1374 performc1384 achievea1393 chevisea1400 practic?a1425 exploitc1425 execute1477 furnish1477 through1498 practa1513 enure1549 chare1570 enact1597 act1602 to carry out1608 outcarry1611 celebrate1615 complya1616 peract1621 tide1631 implement1837 1570 Mariage Witte & Sci. iv. iv. sig. Div^v Thys chayer is chared well. 1602 W. Warner Albions Eng. (1612) xii. lxxiv. 306 This Chaer thus chaerd..returnes he backe. a1625 W. Shakespeare & J. Fletcher Two Noble Kinsmen (1634) iii. ii. 21 All's char'd when he is gone. View more context for this quotation a1640 F. Beaumont et al. Loves Cure iii. ii, in F. Beaumont & J. Fletcher Comedies & Trag. (1647) sig. Rrrrr3^v/2 Here's two chewres chewrd. 1816 W. Scott Black Dwarf vii, in Tales of my Landlord 1st Ser. I. 137 How now, ruffian?..is thy job chared? 5. intransitive. (Now usually in form char.) To do odd turns or jobs, esp. of housework; to work in this way by the day, without continuous employment; hence transitive (colloquial) to do the cleaning work of (a house). ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > working > [verb (intransitive)] > work in other specific ways or conditions dead horse1640 grub1798 subcontract1827 chare1828 slut1829 to take up one's livery1839 hat1868 to work on tribute1869 freelance1904 work1920 nine-to-five1962 job-share1978 telework1983 society > authority > subjection > service > servant > personal or domestic servant > domestic servant > act as domestic servant [verb (transitive)] > clean house as charwoman chare1828 society > authority > subjection > service > servant > personal or domestic servant > domestic servant > be in domestic service [verb (intransitive)] > come in to work in a house > char or do odd jobs chore1746 chare1828 oblige1933 odd-job1944 1828 M. R. Mitford Our Village (1863) III. 528 The identical lady of the mop, who occasionally chared at the house. 1837 C. Dickens Pickwick Papers xxxii. 348 Betsy Martin... Goes out charing and washing, by the day. 1906 Daily Chron. 28 Aug. 8/5 I feel grateful to ‘My Charwoman’, for it is certain she knows her business—she can char. 1925 Contemp. Rev. July 86 The scene where Lummox ‘chars’ in an immoral house. Derivatives charrer n. ΚΠ 1881 Instr. Census Clerks (1885) 114 Charrer... Charwoman. ˈcharing n. ΚΠ 1732 Acc. Workhouses (ed. 2) 95 If any person shall go a begging, or charing..they shall be sent to Bridewell. 1810 S. T. Coleridge Friend (1883) 230 Him, herself, and two little children, she had to maintain by washing and charing (note, I am ignorant whether there be any classical authority for this word, but I know no other word that expresses occasional day labour in the houses of others). 1864 H. Kingsley in Macmillan's Mag. Dec. 144 Look at that girl's charing; why I never see anything like it, with the exception of Mrs. Chittle, who chared Park Villa at the end of a fortnight, nursing two. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1889; most recently modified version published online March 2022). charev.² In Bailey, etc., misprint for chave v. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1889; most recently modified version published online March 2019). < n.¹c897n.²12..n.³n.⁴c1425adj.1564v.¹c1000v.²
随便看	highlanders highlandest highlandish highlandman highlandry hexagonal closepacked hexagonal closepacking hexagonal numbers hexagonal symmetry hexagonalize hexagonally hexagonial hexagonian hexagonical hexagonize hexagonous hexagons hexagony hexagram hexagrams hexagyn hexagynia hexagynian hexagynious hexagynous

charecharn.1

Compounds

charen.2

charen.3

† charen.4

† chareadj.

charecharv.1

Derivatives

charev.2

charecharn.¹

charen.²

charen.³

† charen.⁴

charecharv.¹

charev.²