| 释义 |
Antarcticadj.n. Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from French. Partly a borrowing from Latin. Etymons: French antartique, antarctique; Latin antarcticus. Etymology: < (i) Middle French antartique, later also antarctique (French antarctique ) opposite to the Arctic, relating to or occurring in the south polar region (c1270 in Old French, earliest in cercle antartike Antarctic Circle n. and pole antarticke pole antarctic n.; 1522 as antarctique ), and its etymon (ii) classical Latin antarcticus (in post-classical Latin also antarticus ), adjective (2nd cent. a.d.) < ancient Greek ἀνταρκτικός opposite to the north < ἀντι- anti- prefix + ἀρκτικός of the Bear, northern (see Arctic adj.). Compare Old Occitan anthartic (c1300), Catalan antàrtic, Spanish antártico (c1250), Portuguese antártico (1494), Italian antartico (early 14th cent.; a1282 as artantico, transmission error).In sense A. 1c perhaps after French antarctique (1834 in this sense). With use as noun denoting the south polar region (especially the continent of Antarctica) compare French antarctique (1526 as antartique). The now nonstandard pronunciation without /k/ in the second syllable is still current in modern use. Several dictionaries of the late 19th and early 20th centuries record it as still widespread; although it appears to have become less frequent in later use (the various editions of D. Jones Eng. Pronouncing Dict., for instance, only give the standard pronunciation with /k/), it is still recorded in J. C. Wells Longman Pronunciation Dict. (1990) as widespread but deprecated. A. adj. 1. the world > the universe > celestial sphere > [adjective] > pole > south a1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomaeus Anglicus (BL Add. 27944) (1975) I. viii. vi. 457 Þis spere [of heuen] gooþ about apon twey poles, þe on þerof is by north..and hatte polus articus, þat is þe northe pole. Þe oþir is polus antarticus, þat is þe souþ polus.] c1400 ( G. Chaucer (Cambr. Dd.3.53) (1872) ii. §25. 34 Than is the pol antartik by-nethe the Orisonte. ?a1425 (c1400) (Titus C.xvi) (1919) 120 In lybye men seen first the sterre Antartyk. a1598 72 We duell..vnder the star Antartic. the world > the earth > region of the earth > zone or belt > [adjective] > antarctic 1594 T. Blundeville iv. Introd. f. 205 The Terrestriall Globe... The other ende [is called] the pole Antarctique, that is to say, the South pole. a1613 E. Brerewood (1614) xiv. 119 Europe, Afrique, and Asia..the South or Antarctique continent [etc.]. 1780 A. Seward 8 And now antarctic Zealand's drear domain Frowns. 1785 T. Pennant II. 508 The remaining part of the summer they wander over all parts of the Antarctic seas. c1826 (1830) XVII. 12/1 In many parts of the Antarctic regions, they [sc. floating icebergs] are met with in vast numbers. 1881 No. 619. 447 There is no Antarctic flora except a few lichens and sea-weeds. 1953 E. Palmer tr. S. Ekman x. 225 The most singular and characteristic aspect of the antarctic fauna. 1977 Aug. 243/1 Icy Antarctic currents meet more temperate oceanic waters from the north. 2004 T. Wheeler 167/1 The southwest coast..bears the full brunt of Antarctic weather. the world > plants > by habitat or distribution > [adjective] > characteristic of particular region or period 1835 J. Lindley (ed. 2) v. 520 Antarctic Kingdom. (Urville's Kingdom). The south-westerly part of Patagonia; Tierra del Fuego, and the Falkland Islands, between 50° and 55°S.L. 1853 J. D. Dana 1565 The subfrigid region, in its southern part at least, along Fuegia, belongs properly to the Antarctic kingdom. 1873 13 564 He enumerates four Compositæ, of which two,..growing sparingly on the most barren exposed rocks, are Antarctic South-American plants. 1950 40 112 The Antarctic floristic element is of great interest to the plant geographer for its suggestion of early migration paths from an antarctic subcontinent. 1998 P. R. Dallman 20 The Antarctic Kingdom comprises the southern tip of South America (including the southern part of Central Chile) and far off New Zealand. a1475 (a1447) O. Bokenham Mappula Angliae in (1887) 10 31 (MED) The Meerces, þe which byn clepid mydlonde-ynglyssh..bettir vndirstondyn þe collateralle tounges, bothe the artyke þe which is þe northe, & þe antartyke þe which is þe sowthe. ?a1475 (?a1425) tr. R. Higden (Harl. 2261) (1869) II. 163 The langages collateralle, arthike and anthartike. †3. 1593 J. Eliot 38/2 All the Antarticke tongues of the East or West Indians and those of the other part of the world; haue farre greater lustre, magnificence and generousnesse in them, then those that we speake in this other moitie of the Earth. a1649 W. Drummond (1656) 153 Antartick Parrots, Æthiopian Plumes. 1791 E. Darwin I. i. 207 Delighted Thames through tropic umbrage glides, And flowers antarctic, bending o'er his tides. the world > relative properties > relationship > contrariety or contrast > [adjective] > opposite or opposed 1651 J. Cleveland Let. in (Wing C4685) 90 My wit shall be on what side heaven you please: provided, it be always Antartick [1677 Antarctick] to yours. 1670 C. Cotton tr. G. Girard ii. viii. 362 So strange an alteration in them both, and so antartick to those good dispositions betwixt them. a1711 T. Ken Christophil in (1721) I. 501 Antarctick Wills in me for Empire vy'd; My Rational to Heav'n alone inclin'd, My Sensual with the World and Satan join'd. B. n.the world > the earth > region of the earth > zone or belt > [noun] > one of five > antarctic the world > the earth > geodetic references > [noun] > pole ?a1425 (c1400) (Titus C.xvi) (1919) 121 Þei þat ben toward the antartyk þei ben streght feet aȝen feet of hem þat dwellen vnder the transmontane. 1596 C. Fitzgeffry sig. B4v From th' Artique to th' Antartique famosed. 1656 H. More §44. 43 The Axletree of the Antarctick. 1785 W. Cowper i. 620 Far into the deep Towards the Antarctic. 1890 9 Oct. 603 The barometer normals fall more as we approach the Antarctic. 1937 R. S. Morton i. 15 This periodical shuttling between Virginia and New Jersey entailed as much preparation and inconvenience as a modern voyage to the Antarctic. 1970 Dec. 20/3 Krill—the shrimplike animals that are the principal food of the baleen whales in the Antarctic. 2008 9 June 68/3 Domed cities are going to be essential to the occupation of the Arctic and the Antarctic. the world > action or operation > difficulty > opposition > [noun] > opponent 1637 T. Jackson Treat. Signes of Time 66 in Antarcticks they are, & thinke they can never be farre enough from the North-pole untill they runne from it into the South-pole, and pitch their habitation in terrâ incognitâ, in a world and Church unknowne to the ancients. Compounds 1959 Sept. 550/2 The catch (left) belongs to the family Nototheniidae, and is nicknamed the Antarctic cod. 2004 (Compact ed.) 2 Feb. 3/5 One such antifreeze is a glycoprotein in the Antarctic cod. the world > the earth > water > flow or flowing > current > [noun] > sea > region of meeting > specific 1932 5 26 These two areas are separated, however, from the more southerly group of islands by..the sudden hydrographic change known as the Antarctic Convergence. 1990 4 Aug. 40/1 We had crossed the Antarctic Convergence, a boundary so apparent it might have been signposted. 2004 T. Wheeler 63 The shrimp-like Antarctic krill..occurs in sometimes enormous swarms south of the Antarctic Convergence. 1937 July 26/2 (caption) The Antarctic Krill, Euphausia superba. 1990 4 Aug. 40/1 The Antarctic krill support the base of a pyramidal food chain with the great blue whales perching precariously on the top. 2004 T. Wheeler 63 The shrimp-like Antarctic krill (Euphausia superba ) is a 6cm-long planktonic crustacean that occurs in sometimes enormous swarms south of the Antarctic Convergence. 1699 P. Gordon (ed. 2) ii. ii. 220 The opposite Place of the Globe to Ice-land, is that part of the vast Antarctick Ocean, lying between 180 and 190 Degrees of Longitude, with 60 and 70 Degrees of South Latitude. 1794–1808 E. Sibly V. 269 There is also a variety of fulmar, almost white, which inhabits the Antarctic ocean. 1885 IV. 59 The king penguin of the Falkland Islands..and some other rocks and islands of the Antarctic Ocean. 1909 E. H. Shackleton (1910) iv. 42 It may be that in future seasons the Antarctic Ocean in this particular part will be found to be quite ice-free. 2007 July 10/1 This will then follow the pattern of Greenland, with internal ice-quakes precipitating break-up, resulting in the dumping of mega-ice-bergs into the Antarctic Ocean. the world > animals > birds > order Procellariiformes > [noun] > member of family Procellariidae (petrel) > member of genus Procellaria > other types 1777 G. Forster I. 108 We had seen a new species of petrel, of a brown colour, with a white belly and rump, and a large white spot on the wings, which we now named the antarctic petrel, as we saw great flights of twenty or thirty of them hereabouts. 1815 J. H. Tuckey I. 494 Antarctic petrel, differs from the pintado only in colour. 1905 E. A. Wilson in 25 395 The Antarctic petrel migrates northward in the winter, and frequents the ice within the Antarctic circle in the summer, though where it breeds is still a mystery. 1990 F. Roots in C. Mungall & D. J. McLaren (1991) 121 The Antarctic petrel nests on tiny rock nunataks in the inland ice. 1578 G. Best i. 12 America an Ilande is included on the East side with the Sea Antartique: On the Weast side with Mare del Sur, or Mare Pacificum. 1583 R. P. tr. P. de la Sierra ix. 217 The great noise which the valiant Knight heard, was no lesse then that which Fauonio made in the Antartike sea, nigh vunto ye Tartarian coast. 1763 Jan. 34/2 It may also be reasonably supposed, that the interior antarctic sea, abounds less with islands and head lands which would impede the floating ice in its course. 1839 9 529 If then but one iceberg in a thousand..transports its fragments, the bottom of the Antarctic Sea..must already be scattered with masses of foreign rock. 1899 C. Hoey tr. J. Verne ii. 16 We have been going these many years..to Tristan d'Acunha, to the Falklands, only taking time anywhere to sell our cargo, and sometimes dipping down into the Antarctic Sea. 1951 R. Carson x. 150 Traversing the North Atlantic, it crosses the equator and continues to the south, there passing between two layers of water that are moving northward from the Antarctic Sea. 2010 G. Karleskint et al. (ed. 3) i. 7/2 It was this interest that took his expeditions to the Antarctic Sea. 1977 18 367 An important pelagic predator of the more open waters is the Antarctic toothfish Dissostichus eleginoides. 1997 G. S. Helfman et al. xvii. 308/2 Neutral buoyancy has developed in at least two water-column-dwelling members of the family Nototheniidae, the cod icefish, Pleuragramma antarcticum, and its giant predator, the antarctic toothfish. 2010 (Nexis) 28 May 3 All ships catching Antarctic toothfish had to meet strict requirements on fishing and bycatch, as well as carry two independent observers. society > authority > rule or government > politics > international politics or relations > international agreements > [noun] > treaty > specific treaties 1948 2 Sept. 7/3 (heading) 2 nations reject Antarctic Treaty... Argentina has decided to turn down a United States proposal for internationalization of the Antarctic. 1959 1 Dec. 1/3 Antarctic Treaty signed. The Soviet Union joined the United States and 10 other nations today in banning war bases, nuclear explosions and missile sites forever from the antarctic. 1978 G. S. Schatz 3 The Antarctic Treaty, affirming willingness of participating countries to continue Antarctic cooperation despite differing positions by some on Antarctic sovereignty issues. 2012 (Nexis) 12 Nov. (Travel section) 8 More than 45,000 travellers make the trip every year, leading to pressure being placed through the 28-nation signatories of the Antarctic Treaty to start limiting the numbers. 1827 E. Griffith et al. V. 145 Antarctic Wolf... Antar[c]tic Fox, Pennant, Quad... Chili Fox, Shaw, i. 329. 1897 R. Lyddeker xv. 501 The antarctic wolf is rather smaller than the larger individuals of the coyote, and has shorter fur and a less bushy tail. 1955 30 July 194/1 There are, however, still relatives of the Antarctic wolf still living in South America. 2011 J. P. Rafferty 59 Genetic evidence suggests that the Falkland Islands, or Antarctic, wolf (Dusicyon australis), now extinct, diverged from North American wolves some six million years ago. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2012; most recently modified version published online December 2021). † antarcticv.Origin: Formed within English, by conversion. Etymon: Antarctic adj. Etymology: < Antarctic adj. Obsolete. rare. the world > relative properties > relationship > contrariety or contrast > contrariety[vi] [verb (intransitive)] > go to the opposite extreme 1647 N. Ward 45 If it [sc. Majestas Imperii] extends it self beyond its due Artique..Salus Populi must Antartique it..or else the world will be Eccentrick. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2012; most recently modified version published online September 2018). <  adj.n.c1400 v.1647 |
